I LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. I 



#«.li!il!- > (ifflmrigM Ko. 



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^14 I 

I UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. * 




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Everybody Should Have Dr. Chase's Recipe Book as Improved by 

the Publisher. 

EVERY HOUSEKEEPER NEEDS IT, 
To know how to wash, to cook, to preserve, to brew, to ke^p the house 
clean and sweet, to know how to color in modern stj^le and newest colors, to 
understand household management and economy, and lor its practical 
'* Hints on Housekeeping." 

EVERY MOTHER NEEDS IT, ,^ 

To understand and provide for the care, dress, management, and bringing 
up of children; to understand and cure the diseases peculiar to cuildliood; 
and for tlie "Advice to Mothers," which should make the Recipk Book a 
welcome friend to every mother and family in the land. 
EVERY WOMAN NEEDS IT, 
For its plain and practical treatment and cure of all female complaints 
and irregularities; to know how to care for the sick; and for its '-Manage- 
ment of the Sick Room," and advice to them especially. 
EVERY MAN NEEDS IT, 
To know how to act promptly in all kinds of ••Accidents and Emergen- 
cies," and for its 2,000 invaluable Recipes in its various Departments, upon 
almost every subject. 

EVERY YOUNG LADY NEEDS IT, 

For its *' Hints upon Etiquette;" to know to dress becomingly; to know 
how to beautify the person and complexion ; to know how to soften and 
whiten the skin and hands ; to know how to promote the growth and beauty 
of the hair; to know how to remove superfluous hair, or make it curl; to know 
how to remove freckles, pimples, and blotches; to know how to remove sun- 
burn and tan ; to know how to make perfumes, pomade, tooth-wash, hair oils, 

EVERY YOUNG MAN NEEDS IT, 
For its "Hints upon Personal Manners;" for its " Rules for the Preserva- 
tion of Health ;" for its advice and counsels upon habits, business, etc. 

EVERY SICK PERSON NEEDS IT, 
To know how to regain their health, and for its priceless recipes and cures 
for almost ail kinds of sickness and disease. 

EVERY WELL PERSON NEEDS IT, 
To know how to preserve their health, and for its rules for the prevention 
of sickness and promotion of health. 

EVERY FARMER NEEDS IT, 
For Its complete Farrier Department, which has no superior; to know 
how to manage Bees, and for hundreds of recipes especially iu his line, which 
he will have almost daily occasion to use or refer to. 

EVERY MECHANIC NEEDS IT, 
As blacksmiths, tinners, gunsmiths, jewelers, cabinet makers, tanners, 
painters, barbers, shoe and harness makers, for its recipes and advice in these 
various branches of industry. 

THE YOUNG FOLKS AND CHILDREN NEED IT, 

For its " Counsels to the Young," and its amusements and indoor games. 
EVERY FAMILY NEEDS IT, 

As a household work, to consult upon almost every conceivable subject; 
with its 2,000 practical recipes for almost everything and everybody; to 'con- 
sult upon all the leading diseases of man. woman, or child, as it points out in 
plain language the symptoms cause, and cure; to consult upon all matters of 
housekeeping, cooking, coloring, etc. ; to consult in all cases of accidents, of 
poisoning, burns, scalds, bruises, cuts, bites, wounds, etc. ; to consult upon a 
thousand other things of everyday occurrence; in shol't, as a Family Guide 
and Physician. ^ 

To, conclude, every person should have it, whether young or old, married 
or single, whether farmer, mechanic, or professional, as a book to refer to in a 
thousand matters of daily occurrence, as it will not only save you many dol- 
lars, but perhaps life itself, and will add to your comfort, pleasure and happi- 
ness. 

Carefully examine the "Index" of the Recipe Book, which you will find 
in this Circular, which will show you more fully the character and worth of 
the Book, and the various subjects treated of, and see if you do not need it, or 
If two dollars could be expended more satisfactorily, and if you can aflford to 
be without It. 



DR. CHASE'S RECIPES ; 

< 

OR, 

INEOMATION FOR EVERYBODY: 

AN INVALUABLE COLLECTION OF ABOUT EIGHT HUNDRED 

PRACTICAL RECIPES 



FOR 



Merchants, Grocers, Saloon-Keepers, Physicfans, Druggists, Tanners, Shoeofiakers, Harness 

Makers, Painters, Jewelers, Blacksmiths, Tinners, Gunsmiths, Farriers, Barbers, 

Bakers, Dyers, Renovators, Farmers, and Families Generally, 



WITH 



A Rational Treatment of Pleurisy, Inflammation or tlio IjungSf 

and. otlier Inflammatory Dii^easeni, and al»>o lor General 

Female Debility and Irreg^ularitics. 

By a. W. chase, M. D. 



" We learn to live by living to learn." 



GREATLY ENLARGED AND IMPROVED BY THE PUBLISHER, 

WHO HAS ADDED 

Appendices to tlie Medical, saloon, Tamers', Barters' and Toilet, BaUers' and cool^ing, 
Miscellaneons, and Coloring Deparimsnts, and also 

SEVERAL NEW DEPARTMENTS, 

viz.! " Advice to Mothers," " Rules for the Preservation of Health," "Accidents and Emer- 
gencies," "Hints upon Etiquette and Person-'.! Manners," " Hints on Housekeeping," 

" Amusements for the Young," and " Bee-Keeping." ,.,.^ _ 

ALL ARRANGED IiV THEIR APPROPRIATE DEPARTAii.VTS, 

/ 
WITH A COPIOUS INDEX / 



PUBLISHED BY R. A. BEAL, X:''"'-f;,*.r''^C^ 

ANN ARBOR, MICH., 
TO WHOM ALL ORDERS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED. 

1874 



LAWS OF COPYRIGHT. ^ 



The exclusive benefits of Copyrights extend to twenty-eight years th«n 
renewable for fourteen years, if the Author is dead, to the heirs, by re- record- 
ing, and advertising the re-record for four weelts in any newspaper in the 
United States. 

The forfeiture of all the books, and the plates on which the same shall be 
copied, and a penalty of one dollar for each sheet of the work found in his 
possession— half to the United States and half to the Author— is the penalty 
for publishing or importing any work without the written consent of the 
Author; and also liable to the Author or proprietor for damages. 

Entries must be made in the office of the Librarian of Congress at "Wash- 
ington, who is entitled to a fee of fifty cents for recording the title of each 
book, and fifty cents in addition for each certificate of copyright undei seal 
of the ofiSce. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, In the Year 1867, by 

A. W. CHASE, M. D., 

In the Clerk's Ofllce of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern 

District of Michigan. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, In the Year 1871, by 

R. A. BEAL, 
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, In the Year 1874, by 

R. A. BEAL, 
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



FIRST ENLARGED EDITION I 

TENTH THOUSAND. 

FIVE HUNDRED AND NINETIETH THOUSAND OP OLD EDITION. 



PUBLISHER'S PREFACE. 



The publisher of "Dr. Chase's Recipes ; or, Information for Everybody," 
while claiming that the Recipe Book as it is now published, is the most com- 
plete, comprehensive, and valuable work of the kind In print, recognizes the 
fact that science and research are constantly adding to our knowledge, and 
as it is his earnest desire to keep his book up with the times and useful to 
Individual Families and the Public generally, has Revised and Enlarged the 
Book, sparing no expense of time or money, having himself twice crossed the 
Atlantic to procure from the wisdom and experience of the old world infor- 
mation upon some particular subjects, to not only make the '' Recipe Book" 
the best of its kind, but also the best deserving of public patronage. Great 
care has been observed in selecting our information, and in the Medical de- 
partment many of the Recipes are more precious than rubies, they are price- 
less and will doubtless prove a blessing to many families. The publisher has 
adopted the "reformed practice" of medicine,* and the additions to the Medi- 
cal department are the resultof long experience in practice of some of the most 
BCientiflc physicians of modern times. The publisher has added an ap- 
pendix to the Saloon, Medical, Farrier's, Barbers' and Toilet, Bakers' and 
Cooking, Miscellaneous, and Coloring Departments, and in order to distin- 
guish the new matter has marked it "Appendix by the Publisher," to the 
several departments to which it is attached, and has further added as an 
appendix several new departments, viz.: "Rules for the Preservation of 
Health," *' Accidents and Emergencies," "Hints upon Etiquette and Personal 
Manners," '* Hints on Housekeeping," " Amusements and Indoor Games for 
the Young," " Advice to Mothers," " Cold Water Cure," " Rules for the Dress, 
Care, and Bringing up of Children," and "Bee-Keeping." If among the 
thousands of readers of this work any one should hastily pronounce these 
pages confused and ill-arranged, let them refer to the "Index" and forever 
hold their peace, and let it always be borne in mind that the " Index " is the 
knocker to the door of knowledge, and will enable you to refer in a moment 
to almost anything you may require. 

Agents wanted everywhere. Persons wishing to engage in the sale of the 
Book should address the publisher for Private Circulars and Terms. 

R. A. BEAIi, Publisber, 

Ann Arbor, Mich. 

*NoTE.— The publisher knowing that a great number still strongly adhere 
to the the "Old School " of Medicine, has for their particular benefit, under 
the head of "Prescriptions," and "A List of Useful Prescriptions," given a 
number of the best formulas of that system. Under the head of " Diseases" 
will be found how and when they can be used. Only a lew of the prescrip- 
tions conflict with the " Reformed Practice," but each disease here mentioned 
is fully treated according to the " Reformed Practice" elsewhere under its 
proper head. 



AUTHOR'S PREFACE 

TO THE FIRST STEREOTYPED EDITION. 



In bringing a permanent work, or one that is designed so to be, before the 
public, it is expected of the author that he give his reasons for such publica- 
tion. If the reasons are founded in truth, the people consequently seeing its 
necessity, will appreciate its advantages, and encourage the Author by quick 
and extensive purchases, they alone being the judges. Then— 

FiKST. — Much of the information contained in " Dr. Chase's Recipes, or 
Information for Everybody," has never before been published, and is adapted 
to every-day use. 

Second.— The Author, after having carried on the drug and grocery busi- 
ness for a number of years, read medicine, after being thirty-eight years of 
age, and graduated as a physician, to qualify himself for the work he was un- 
dertaking; for, having been familiar with some of the Recipes, adapted to 
these branches of trade, more than twenty years, he began in "Fifty-six," 
seven years ago, to publish them in a pamphlet of only a few pages, since 
which time he has been traveling between New York and Iowa, selling the 
work and prescribing, so that up to this time ("Sixty-three") over twenty- 
three thoicsand copie* have been sold. His travels have brought him in con- 
tact with all classes of professional and business men, mechanics, farriers, 
and farmers, thus enabling him to obtain from them many additional items, 
always having had his no^e-dooA; with him, and whenever a prescription has 
been given before him, or a remark made, that would have a, practical bear- 
ing, it has been noted, and at the first opportunity tested, then, if good, written 
out in plain language expressly for the next edition of this work. In this 
way this mass ot information has been collected, and ought to take away an 
objection which some persons have raised: "It is too much for one man to 
know!"— because they did not realize that the work had been made up from 
others, as well as the Author's actual every-day experience, instead of from urv- 
tried books. Yet from the nature of some of the Recipes, one has occasionally 
found its way into some of the earlier editions, which has needed revision, or 
to be entirely dropped. This, with a desire to add to the various Departments 
at every edition, has kept us from having it stereotyped until the present 
tenth edition. 

But now. all being what we desire, and the size of the work being such 
that we cannot add to it without increasing the price, we have it stereotyped, 
and send it out, just whaD we expect, and are willing it should remain. 

Third.— Many of the recipe-books published are very large, containing 
much ttse^«5« matter, only to increase the number, consequently costing too 
much. This one contains only about eight hundred recipes, upon only about 
four hundred different subjects, aW of which are valuable in daily, practical 
life, and at a very reasonable price. Many of them are without arrangement. 
This one is arranged in regular Departments, all of a class being together. 
Many of them are without remark or explanation. This one is fully ex- 

Elained, and accompanied with remarks upon the various subjects introduced 
y the Recipes under consideration. Those remarks, explanations and sug- 
gestions accompanying the Recipes are a special featare of this work, making 
it worth double its cost as a reading book, even if there was not a prescription 
In it. 

Fourth. — ^The remarks and explanations are in large type, whilst the pre- 
tcriptive a.nd descriptive parts are in a little smaller type, which enables any 
one to see at a glance just what they wisli to And. 

Fifth.— It is a well known fact that many unprincipled persons go 
around "gulling" the people by selling single recipes for exorbitant prices. 
The Author found a thing, callint; hirasef a man, in Battle Creek, Mich., 
selling a washing-fluid reuipe for two dollars, which lie ol)tained of some ; but 
if he could not obtain that, he would take two shillinqs, or any other sum be- 
tween them. A merchant save a hors« lor the '' White Cement " recipe. The 
late Mr. Andrews, of Detroit, Mich., gave three hundred dollars for a recipe, 
now improved and in this work, to cure a bone spavin upon a race mare of 
his. He removed the spavin with it, and won the anticipated wager with her. 
The Author has himself paid from twenty-flve to fifty and seventy-flve cents, 
and one to two, tliree, Ave, and eight dollars for single items, or recipes, hop- 



■ Author's Preface. 9 

ing thereby to improve his work, but often finding that he had much better 
ideas embodied tneiein. 

The amount pat'd for information in this work, and for testing by experi- 
ment, together witli traveling expenses, and cuts used in Illustrating it, has 
reached over two thousand dollars, and all for the purpose of making a book 
worthy to be found in " Everybody's " library, and to prevent such extortions 
in the pricg of recipes. Yet any single recipe in the work which a person 
may wish to use., will often be found worth mamj times the price of the book, 
perhaps the^ive* of those you dearly love, by having at hand the necessary 
Information, enabling you to immediately apply the means within your reach, 
instead of giving time for disease to strengthen, whilst sending, perhaps 
miles, for a physician. Much pain an i suffering, also, will often be saved or 
avoided, besides the satisfaction of knowing how many things are made which 
you are constantly using, and also being able to avoid many things which you 
certainly would avoid if you knew how tliey were made. 

Sixth.— It will be observed that we have introduced a number of recipes 
npon some of the subjects. Tiiis adapts the work to all circumstances and 
places. The reason for it is this: we liave become acquainted with them in 
our practice and journeyings, and know that when the articles cannot be ob- 
tained for one way, they may be for some other way; as also tliat one pre- 
scription is better for some than for other persons; therefore, we give the 
variety, that all may be benefited as much as possible. For instance, there 
are twenty different prescriptions for different diseases and conditions of the 
eye ; there are also a dozen different liniments, etc., etc.; yet the Author feels 
well assured that the most perfect satisfaction will be experienced in them as 
a whole. And although it could not be expected that special advantages of 
particular recipes could be pointed out to any great extent, yet the Author 
must be indulged in referring to a few, in the various Departments. All, or 
nearly all, merchants and grocers, as also most families, will be more or less 
benefited by the directions for making or preserving butter, preserving eggs, 
or fruit, computing interest, making vinegar, and keeping cider palatable, 
etc. In ague sections of country none should be without the information on 
this subject; and, in fact, there is not a medical subject introduced but what 
will be found more or less valuable to everyone. Even physicians will be 
more than compensated in its perusal ; whilst consumptive, dyspeptic, rheu- 
matic, and fever patients ought, by all means, to avail themselves of the ad- 
vantages here pointed out. The treatment in Female Debility, and the ob- 
servations on the changes in female life, are such that every one of them over 
thirteen or fourteen years of age should not be without this work. The direc- 
tions in Pleurisy and other inflammatory diseases cannot fail to benefit every 
family into whose hands the book shall fall. 

The Good Samaritan Liniment, we do not believe, has its equal In the 
world, for common uses, whilst there are a number of other liniments equally 
well adapted to particular cases. And we would not undertake to raise a 
family of children without our Whooping Cough Syrup and Croup Remedies, 
knowing their value as we do, if it cost a hundred dollars to obtain them. 
Tanners and shoemakers, painters and blacksmiths, tinners and gunsmiths, 
cabinet-makers, barbers, and bakers, will find in their various Departments 
more than enough, in single recipes, to compensate them for the expense of 
the work ; and farriers and farmers who deal in horses and cattle, will often 
find that Department to save a hundred times its cost in single cases of 
disease. 

A gentleman recently called at my house for one of the books, saying ; 
"I have come ten miles out of my way to get it, for I staid over night with a 
farmer, who had one. and had been benefited more than twenty dollars, in 
curing a horse by its directions." A gentleman near this city says he had 
paid out dollars after dollars to cure a horse of spavin, without benefit, as 
directed by o^Aer books of recipes ; but a few shillings, as directed by this, 
cured the horse. Another gentleman recently said to me : ' Your Eye Water 
is worth more than twenty dollars." I could fill pages with similar state- 
ments which have come to my knowledge since I commenced the publication 
of this work, but must be content by asking all to look over our References, 
which have been volunt-.irily accumulating during the seven years in which 
the work has been in growing up to its present size and perfection; and the 
position in society of most of the persons making these statements is such- 
many of whom are entire strangers to the Author and to each other— that any 
person can see that no possible complicity could exist between us, even if we 
desired it. 

Families will find in the Baking, Cooking, Coloring, and Miscellaneous 
Departments all they will need, without the aid of any other "Cook Book ;" 
and the Washing Fluid, which we have used at every washing except two for 
nearly eight years, is worth to every family of eight or ten persons, ten times 
the cost of the book, yearly, saving both in labor and wear of clothes. 

Seventh.— Many of the articles can be gathered from garden, field, or 



xo Author^ s Preface, 

woods, and the others will always be found with druggists, and most of the 
preparations will cost only from, one-half to as low as one-siaiteenth as much as 
to purchase them already made; and the only certainty, nowadays, of having 
a good article, is to make it yourself. 

FtNALL.Y.— There is one of two things /ac< about this book: It is the big- 

festliumbugof theday; or it is the best work of the Itind published in the 
Inglish language. If a carelul perusal does not satisfy all that it is not the 
first J but that it is the last, then will the Author be willing to acknowledge 
tliat testing, experimenting, labor, travel, and study are of no account in 
qualifying a man for such a work, especially when that work has been the 
long cherislied object of liis life, for a lasting benefit to liis fellow creatures, 
saving tliem from extoi-tion \n buying single recipes, and also giving tliem a 
reliable work, for every emergency, wore than for his own peculiar benefit. 
Were it not so, I should have kept the work smaller, as heretofore — for the 
eightli edition of two hundred and twenty-four pages, when liandsomely 
bound, sold for one dollar, as now ; but in this edition you get a dollar's worth 
of book, even in common reading matter, besides the most reliable practical 
Information, by which you will o/^en save, not only dollars aivd cents, but re- 
lieve suffering and prolong life. It is, in fact, a perfect mass of the most valu- 
able methods of accomplishing the things snoken of, an Encyclopcedia upon 
the various branches ot science and art ti-eated of in the work, wnich no fam- 
ily can afford to do without— indeed, young and old, •' Everybody's" book. 
And the "taxfs" nor "times" should be, for a moment, argued against the 
purchaae of HO valuable a work, especiall}/ when we assure you that the book is 
sold only by Traveling Agents, that all may have a chance to purchase ; for if left at 
the book-stores, or by advertisement only, not one in fifty would evir see it. 

Some persons object to buying a book of recipes, as they are constantly 
receiving so many in the newspapers of the day ; but if they had all that this 
book contains, scattered through a number of years of accumulated papers, 
it would be worth more than tlie price of this work to have them gathered 
together, carefully arranged in their appropriate ilepartments, with an alpha- 
betical index, and handsomely bound ; besides the advantage of their having 
passed under the Author's carefully prwiingr and grafting hand. 

♦' To uproot error and do good should be the first and highest aspiration of 
every intelligent being. He who labors to promote tlie pliysical perfection of 
hisrace— he who strives to make mankind intelligent, healthy, and happy— 
cannot fail to have reflected on his own soul the benign smiles of those whom 
he lias been the instrument of benefiting." The Author has received too 
many expressions of gratitude, thankfulness, and favor, in relation to the 
value of *' Dr. Chase's Recipes, or Information for Everybody," to doubt in 
the least the truth of the foregoing quotation ; and trusts that the following 
quotation may not be set down to "egotism " or "bigotry," when he gives it 
as the governing reason for the continued and permanent publication of the 
work : 

•* I live to learn their story, who suffered for my sake; 
To emulate their jjlory, and follow in their wake; 
Bards, patriots, martyrs, sages, and nobler of all ages, 
Whose deeds crown History's pages, and Time's great volume make. 

'* I live for those who love me, for those who know me true ; 
For the heaven that smiles above me, and awaits my spirit too; 
For the cause that lacks assistance, for ihe wrong that needs resistance. 
For the future in the distance, and the good that I can do." 
May these reasons speedily become the governing principles tliroughout 
the world, especially with all those who have taken upon themselves the vows 
of our " Holy Religion," knowing that it is to those only who beyin to !ove God 
and right actions, A 7e, with whom the glories of heaven shall ever 6<»9i». Were 
they thus heeded, we should no longer need corroborating testimony to our 
statements. Now, however, we are obliged to array every point before the 
people, as a mirror, that they may Judge understandinqly, even in matters of 
the most vital importance to themselves; consequently we must be excused 
for this lengthy Preface, explanatory Index, and extended References follow- 
ing it. Yet, that there are some who will let the work go by them as one of 
the "hnmbugsof the day," notwithstanding all that has or mightbesaid, we 
have no doubt; but we beg to refer such to the statement amongst our Refer- 
ences, of the Rev. C. P. Nash, of Muskegon, Mich., who, although he allowed 
It thus to pass him, could not rest satisfied when he saw the reliability of the 
work, purchased by his less incredulous neighbors. Tlien if you with let it go 
by; but It is hoped that all pwrcMsers may have sufficient confidence In the 
work not to allow it to lie idle; for, that, the designed and greatest possible 
amount of good shall be accomplished by it, it is only necessary that it should 
be generally introduced, and daily used, is the positive knowledge of 

THE AUTHOR. 



REFERENCES. 



Extracts from Certificates and Diplomas in the Doctor's Possession 
Connected with his Study of Medicine. 



'* I hereby certify that A. W. Chase has prosecuted the study of medicine, under my 
instruction, during the term of two years, and sustains a good moral character. 

(Signed) O. B. REED, Physician. 

Belle River, Mich." 

University of Michigan, j 

College of Medicine and Surgery. ( 
This certifies that A. W. Chase has attended a full Course of Lectures in tli'is Insti- 
tution. (Signed) SILAS II DOUGLAS, Dean. 
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor." 

'• Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Knovir all men by these presents, that A. W. Chase has sustained an honorable 
examination before the Faculty of this Institute, on all the departments of Medical 
Science, etc. * * * Wherefore we, the Trustees and Faculty * * by the authority 
vested in us by the Legisltaure of the State of Ohio, do confer on him the degree of 
Doctor of Medicine. 

WM. B. PIERCE, President. 
W. T. HURLBERT, Vice-President. 
Jas. G. Henshall, Secretary. 

Signed also by seven Prefessors, embracing the names of Scudder, Bickley, 
(seal) Freeman, Newton, Baldridge, Jones, and Saunders. 



ANN ARBOR REFERENCES. 

The following statements are given by my neighbors, to whom I had sent the eighth 
edition of my •' Recipes," asking their opinions v.f its value for the people, most of 
whom had previously purchased earlier editions of the work, and several of them used 
many of the recipes ; and surely their position in society must place their statements 
above all suspicion of complicity with the author in palming off a wortiilcss book : but 
are designed to benefit the people by increasing the spread of genuine practical infor- 
mation : 

Hon. Alpheus Felch, one of our first lawyers, formerly a Senator in Congress, and 
also ex-Governor of Michigan, says : — Please accept my thanks for the copy of your 
" Recipes,'' which you were so good as to send me. The book seems to me to contain 
much valuable practical information, and 1 b^ve no doubt ^vill be extensively useful 

A. VVinchell, Professor of Geology, ZoOlogy, and Botany, in the University of 
Michigan, and also State Geologist, says : — I have examined a large number of recipes 
in Dr. Chase's published collection, and from my knowledge, either experimental or 
theoretical, of many of them, and my confidence in Dr. Chase's carefulness, judgment, 
and conscientiousness in the selection of such only as are proved useful, after full trial, 
I feel no hesitation in saying that they may all be received with the utmost confid nee in 
their practical value, except in those cases where the Doctor has himself qualified his 
recommendations. 

Rev. L D Chapin pastor of the Presb3rterian Church, says : -Allow me to expres 
tb you my gratification in the perusal of your book. I do not regard myself as qualified 
to speak in regard to the whole book, for you enter into dnpartments in which I have no 
special knowledge, but w^here I understand the subject I find many things of much 
practical value for every practical man and housekeeper; and judging of those parts 
which I do not, by those wliich I do understand, I think that you have furnished a book 
that most f imilies can afford to have at any reasonable price. 

Rev. George Smith, Presiding Elder of the M. K Church, Ann Arbor, says:— I 
take pleasure in saying that so far as I have examined, I have reason to believe that 
your Recipes are genuine, and not intended as a catch-penny, but think any person pur- 
chasing it will get the worth of their money. 



1 2 References. 

Rev. Geo. Taylor, Pastor of Ann Arbor, and Dixboro M. E. Church, writes as fol- 
lows :— As per your request, I have carefully examined your book of Recipes, recently 
published, and take pleasure in adding my testimony to the many you have already 
received, that I regard it as the best compilation of recipes 1 have ever seen. Several of 
these recipes we have used in our family for years, and count each of them worth the 
cost of your book. 

Elder Samuel Cornelius, Pastor of the Baptist Church, writes : — I have looked over 
your book of " Information for Everybody," and as you ask my judgment of it, I say 
that it gives evidences of much industry and care on the part of the compiler, and con- 
tains information which must be valuable to all classes of business men in town and 
country, and especially to all lamilies who want to cook well, and have pleasant, healthy 
drinks, syrups, and jellies — who wish to keep health when they enjoy it, or seek for it in 
an economical way. I thank you for the copy you sent me, and hope you may make a 
great many families healthy and happy. 

Rev. F. A. Blades, of the M. E. Church, and Paster in charge, for two years of Ann 
Arbor Station, says : — Dr. Chase: Dear Sir, — Your work of Recipes I have examined, 
and used some of them for a year past. 1 do not hesit ite to pronounce it a valuable 
work, containing information for the million. I hope you will succeed in circulating it 
very generally. It is worthy a place in every house. 

This gentleman speaks in the highest terms of the " Dyspeptic's Biscuit and Cof- 
fee," as of other recipes used, 

Eberbach &Co., Druggists, of Ann Arbor, say: — We have been filling prescriptions 
from '■ Dr. Chase's Recipes," for three or four years, and freely say that we do not 
know of any dissatisfaction arising from want of correctness ; but, on the other hand, 
we know that they ^\\^ general satisfaction. 

Rev. S. P. Hildreth, of Dresden, O., a former neighbor, enclosing a recent letter, 
says :— I have carefully examined your book, and regard it as containing a large amount 
of information which will be valuable in every household. 

Rev. William C. Way. of the M, E. Church, Plymouth, Mich., says: — I have cured 
myself of Laryngitis, (inflammation of the throat,) brought on by long continued and 
constant public speaking by the use of Dr. Chase's black oil. and also know a fever sore 
to have been cured upon a lady by the use of the same article. 



OPINIONS OF THE ANN ARBOR PRESS. 

A New Book, — Dr. Chase, of this city, has laid on our table a new edition of his 
work, entitled " Dr. Chase's Recipes; or. Information for Everybody," for making all 
sorts of things, money not excepted. We would not, however, convey the idea that the 
Doctor tells you how to make spurious coin, or counterfeit bills, but by practicing upo.i 
the maxims laid down in this work, money making is the certain result. Buy a book, 
and adopt the recipes in your households, on your farms, and in your business, and 
success is sure to follow. The work is neatly printed, elegantly bound, and undoubt- 
edly embodies more useful information than any work of the kind now before the public, 
.Students, or others, wishing to engage in selling a saleable work, will do well to send 
for circulars describing the book, with terms to agents, etc., for it is indeed a work 
which " Everybody "ought to have. — Michigan Stale N'ews, Ann Arbor. 

Dr, A W. Chase, ol this ciiy, has placed on our table a copy of his " Recipes; or, 
Information for Everybody." Begmning with a small pamphlet, the Doctor has 
swelled his work to a bound volume of about 400 pages ; an evidence that his labors are 
appreciated. The volume f^irnishes many recipes and much information of real practi- 
cal \:\\\ic.— Michigan Argus, Ann Arbor. 

Dr. Chase's Recipes. — The ninth edition of Dr. Chase's Recipes has been re- 
cently published, revised, illustrated, and enlarged, comprising a very large collection of 
practical information for business men. mechanics, artists, farmers, and for families 
generally. The recipes are accompanied with explanations and comments which greatly 
increase the value of the work, It is a handsomely bound volume, -Ann Arbor 
journal. 

Dr. Chase, of Ann Arbor, has favored us with a copy of Recipes which he has pub- 
lished, * * * * who claims that they have been made up from his own and others' 
every-day experience. There is certainly a great many useful recipes in this work that 
might be found to richly repay its cost to any iMxiily .—Michigan Farmer, Detroit. 



OPINIONS OF THE PEOPLE-STRANGERS. 

Rev, C. P. Nash, of Muskegon, Mich., writes : — Dr. Chase: Dear Sir, — Some time 
since, one of your agents canvassed our town for your •" Book of Recipes," but tliinking 
it, perhaps, one of the humbugs of the day, I neglected my ojiportunity to procure one. 
The books, however, wire soKI to our neighbors about us, and my wife borrowed one in 
order to test a few of its recipes. She found them all genuine, so lar as she tried them, 
and now very much regrets that we did not procure one. She considers tliem invaluable. 



References. i^ 

The object of this note is to inquire whether we can procure one by :;ending you the 
necessary funds. If so, we will send by return of mail, upon receipt of your answer. 
If not can you, and will you be so kind us to inform us where and how wc can procure 
one. P. S. — Knclosed please find 'a directed and pre-paid envelope, for you reply. 

Frederick Bues, Vin<;giir Manufacturer, of Freeport, 111., says: — Dr. Cliase's 
plan of making vinegar is purely scientific, and I am making it with entire success. 

J. M. Cnase, Canedea, N.Y., says: — Your vinegar is all right. More than forty 
men tested it last Saturday, and they, to a man, say it is the best and pleasantest they 
ever saw. 

J. Clark, of Conneautville, Pa., said to me he had made $500 in four months, from 
the vinegar recipe. 

L. Weber, grocer, of Crestline, O., says, May 26, 1859: — I purchased Dr. Chase's 
book about a year ago, and have made and sold the virtgar at a profit of about $40 on 
nine barrels. These statements refer to the *' Vinegar in Three Days, without Drugs." 

H. W. Lord and B. Fox, grocers, of Pont ac, Mich., say :— We have kept eggs two 
years, by Dr. Chase's process, as good as when put down. 

L. Howard, hotel keeper, ( of the firm of Kimbal & Howard,) Waverly House, 
Elgin, 111., says : — We used eggs in June of this year, which were laid down in May of 
last year, by a plan just the same as Dr. Chase's, and they were just as good as iresh 
cggs» and as clean and nice in every w.:y. 

Wm. Buss, of the firm oi Robinson & Co., grocers, of Erie, Pa., says — I have tried 
a recipe similar to Dr. Chase's egg preserving recipe, for several years with perfect 
success, and freely recommend it to any one wishing to deal in eggs. 

John A. Vanhorn, merchant, of Marshall, Mich., says : — 1 have been acquainted 
with Dr Chase's plan of keeping eggs lor five years, and know that it will keep Ihcm as 
nice as fresh eggs. 

T. L. Stevens, merchant, of Paw Paw, Mich., says that he is acquainted with tlie 
same thing, and knows that it is good. 

Chapel & Graves, grocers, at Ottawa, 111., say they paid $10 for the egg preserving 
recipe. 1 know two men, one of whom paid $100 and the other $135, for a part only of the 
vinegar recipes. 

Howbret & Pallor, druggists of Bucyrus, Ohio, say:— Dr. Chase's Red Ink is 
superior to Harrison's Columbian Ink, and also that his Burning Fluid lan have no 
superior. 

Miller & Davis, bankers, Ann Arbor, Mich., say: — We have tried Dr. Chase's Com- 
mon Ink, and find it a good article 

Robert Heany, Jr., druggist, of Hendrysburg, O., says: — I have tried several of 
your recipes, and so far find them good. The Eye-Water gives good satisfaction ; the 
Good Samaritan takes the place of all other liniments in the shop; the Green Mountain 
Salve takes well lor plasters, and Mead's Sovereign Ointment is doing for me what no 
other medicine has done, it is curing a sore on my back which has baffled all applica- 
tions for more than two years. One doctor called it tetter, another erysipelas. It began 
like a ring-worm, and slowly spread, with the most intolerable itching. It is now 
nearly well, with only two weeks' use of the ointment. 

Dr. A. S. Witter, Eclectic physician, of B.ittle Creek, Mich., says :— Either of Dr. 
Chase's preparations for the Ague is worth double what he asks for the whole list of 
recipes. 

Prof. A. H. Piatt, M. D., of Antioch College, Yellow Springs. O , says :— To the 
Medical Profession : This certifies that the recipe in Dr. Chase's Collection, lor the cure 
of Uterme Hemorrhage, is original with me, and has been in iny practice for nearly 
twenty years, without a single failure. 

L. S. Hodgkins, of Reading, Mich., says: — I have cured my wife of Cancer of four 
years' standing, with one of Dr. Chase's cancer cures. I know it has cured others also. 

W.J. Cook, M. D., of Mendota, 111., says: — 1 have examined Dr. Chase's recipes, 
and find two or three woith more than he asks for tlie whclc colli ctk n. 

T, W ( hurch, dentist, of Coldwattr, Mich., says :- I have been acquainted with Dr. 
Chase and his book of Recipes for about two ye;irs. All 1 have tested are found to he 
practical ; and his prescription lor my father, in paralysis, was found to be more effectual 
in giving relief than that of any other physician. 

The editor of the Ann Arbor Local I^erus says : — We have thoroughly examined the 
work published by A. W. Chase, M D., entitled " Dr. Chase's Recipes,'' and believe it 
to be a most valuable book for everybody. There is not, in our opinion, a single recipe 
contained in it that is not of great practical use. 

N. S. Reed, harness maker, of Mans-field, O., says :— I have used Dr. Chase's Var" 
nish Blacking for Harness over three years, and say it is the best I ever used. 

J. & D. Minich. tanners, of Bucyrus, O., say: — We are using Dr. Chase's tanning 
and finishing recipes with good satisfaction. 

Mrs. Morris, of Lima, near Ann Arbor, Mich., says :— I am using Dr. Chase's 
Washing Fluid, and have found it to be a very valuable recipe, and I would not do a 
washing without its aid for half the price of the hook, weekly 

Stephen Allen, of Adrian, Mich., says :— We have used A. W. Chase's Washing 
Fluid for two years, and my wife says she would not do without it for %\o a year, and it 
does not injure the clothes, but saves all bleaching. 



14 References. 

Jacob Schoen, of East Saginaw, Mich., says:— The recipe of Dr. Chase's Washing 
Fluid is genuine, and like the same which I manufactured and sold for nine years in 
Vienna, the capital of Austria, in Europe. 

H. W. Donnelly, postmaster of Parma. Mich., says : — My family have used a prepare 
ation in washing for ten years, similar to Dr. Chase's, and we know it to be practical 
and valuable. He said to a farmer, who asked his bpinion of the book, buy one, says he 
— that recipe alone is worth the whole price, a dozen times. 

The editor of the Country Gentleman says of the Washing Fluid, from several 

? rears' experience, that clothes not only wash easier, but look better, and last fully as 
ong as when washed in the old way. 

The Author knows that shirts will last tvvice as long, for the board-rubbing wears 
them out faster than body wear, and as two-thirds of that rubbing is saved, the wear is 
of course saved. 

Gideon Howell, of Oramel, N. Y., says:— I have drank cider two j'ears old, (kept 
by one of Dr. Chase's recipes,) as good as when put up, and did not cost one-fourth of st 
cent per barrel to prepare it. 

Sheldon Bebee, a farmer, of Cary, Ohio, says :— I put away cider in November, by 
one of Dr. Chase's recipes, to preserve cider, and it is now, in March, as good as when 
first made. 

Messrs. J. W. Bell & P. Mower, blacksmiths, of New Vienna, O., August ii, 1859, 
say :— Dr. A. W. Chase: Dear Sir, — We have tried your process for re-cutting Files, 
and are happy to say to you that it works well ; and we desire you also to send us the 
recipe for welding Cast-Steel without borax, which was forgotten when we obtained the 
other. [I sold to them before these recipes were printed in the book.] 

John Miser, blacksmith, of Washington, Ohio, says, June 20th, 1S59:— Dr. Chase 
tried his FileCutting Process in my shop last night, ana I am satisfied that it is a good 
thing, and have purchased his book. 

Wm. Russell, blacksmith, of Princeton, Ind., says. May 7, i860:— I purchased Dr. 
Chase's book of recipes this afternoon, and have tested the recipe for tempering Mill- 
Picks, to my perfect satisfaction, and also of the miller who used them. They cut glass 
also, very nicely. 

J. Kinneman, miller in Union Mills, Union, Pa., says :— August 20, i860, Mr. Todd, 
a blacksmith of this place, put one dollar in my hands to be given to Dr. Chase, if his 
Mill-Pick Tempering recipe gave satislaction upon test; and the Doctor gained the 
money, 

G. C. Schofield, of Conneautville, Pa., says : —After using Wood's Hair Restorative 
without benefit, I have now a good head of hair from using a Restorative similar to Dr. 
Chase's, and I know his to be a superior article. 

O. B. Bangs, of Napoleon, Mich., says :— Dr. Chase: Dear Sir, — Allow me to say, 
by using your Hair Restorative onQe a day for two weeks, gave me a beautiful dark head 
of hair in place of a silver-gray which had been my companion for years; and although 
I have not now used it in four months, yet my hair retains its beautiful dark appearance, 
and is soi't and pliable as in youth. If it was used once a day for two weeks, and then 
two or three days only, every two months, no gray hair would ever appear. The 
expense of it is so very trifling, also, no one would feel it, as 3)^ pints cost only from 35 
to 30 cents. 

T. Shaw, cabinet maker, of Westfield, N. Y., says: — I have used Dr. Chase's pre- 
paration in finishing furniture, about five years, and know it is good and better than any 
otlier thing I have used in thirty-five years. 

Jonathan Higgins, a farmer, of West Union, Adams connty, O., says : — I have used 
Dr. Chase's treatment for Cholic in liorses for ths last 12 to 15 years, with perfect suc- 
cess, and also on myself with as perfect satisfaction; and my wife says she likes Mrs. 
Chase's Buck-wheat Short-cake better than the griddle cake, and it is not half the trouble 
to make it. 

A. French, of Jackson, O., says: — Having cured many horses of Spavin and Big- 
head with a preparation similar to Dr. Chase's Ring-bone and Spavin Cure, I am free to 
say that this recipe is worth more than the whole price of the book to all who are dealiiig 
in horses. It also cures curbs, callouses, i,,flammations, etc., etc., and this I know 
from twenty years experience in staging^. 

J. M. Lowry, of Pomeroy, O., says :— I have successfully treated more than 25 cases 
of bots, with Dr. Chase's remedy for that disease. 

W. W. Robbins, of Milwood, O., says :— I purchased one of Dr. Chase's books 
about two years ago, and have used a number of the recipes, and I find all I have tried 
give entire satisfaction ; and I now want your last edition. 

E. L. Burton, a glove manufacturer, at Gloversville, N. Y.. says:— I have never 
known any preparation for removing paint from clothes equal to Dr. Chase's Renovating 
Mixture, From experience. 

Hiram Sisson. an old farrier and farmer, of Crown Point, Essex county, N. Y, 
says : — I have used Dr. Chase's Kitridge and Green Ointments for several years, on 
human flesh and on horses, in bruises and deep sores, with better success than any other 
preparation which I have ever used, and know they are no humbug, but are worthy of 
very great confidence. 



- — References. j- 

Hiram Storms, dyer and manufacturer, at Ann Arbor. August 6 \?><o savs -—T 
have examined and revised Dr. Chase's Coloring recipes, and am satisfied that thev'are 
practical and good I have also furnished him with some valuable recipes ntSSe 

''Dr. Chase's Recipes; or, Information for Everybody," a work of^S4 pa^es now 
P?^ul",f *L''^"^^ •''"'■ P^^^.^' l^P»l'"gr upon some four hundred different subjectl-oJe^ 
eight hundred recipes-being interspersed with sufficient wit and wisdom to make it 

W;T'\"^''^^''l^''^ '■^"'^'"^•^"'^'^^^i^^'^ t^« ^«^' that itemLceso°VsuSfsul 
jects as have a practical adaptability to " Everybody's » every-day use, makes it certain y 

r^?^c^n ""'"''■'f^^^'^"''- From the Author's great care knd watchfulness npersSn^ 
ally supervising its preparation for stereotyping, and from the correctness of its general 
teachin-s, after examination of the proof sheets, «;«. y«/ satisjied that no iersluZ,// 
regret tts purchase. As it is sold only by traveling agents, and onlyjne agent ha 
county, none who can possibly avoid it, should allow thi work to pass withouf obtain^ 
~F=* """.Pi^- '^ only necessary to examine tlie ' Descriptive Circular," to satisfy every 

reasonable person of the truth of our statements.— ^j/rat«5^ journal N. T ^ 

John A Stanley, of Fount .in Creek, Tenn., writing September' i/ 1870 savs -—I 
was cured of fever sores of ten years' standing, oA my foft and right Irm/by^yot'r-Gr'een 

Mr. E. B.Osgood, of South Vineland, says:- 1 have one of your Recipe Books 
and you can judge how highly I value it when I tell you I paid away every cent I had to 
fo'withnS \r%X'^ "' we could not afl^ord it, but /told ifer that w^ecouYd not afford to 
«uMnotgetanoSien "°' ""^^^^^ ""^ "^"^ yet-would not part with it for $500, if I 

L. S. Mason, of Sacramento, Cal., writes February 19, 1870 :— R. A. Beal : Dear 

fi^rf -'/.^^ K^^!* J°r r^IL^'f- ^",^ ^''''^ °^ '■^'^'P^^- A ^^•«"d of mine. Dr. Brown, 
says It is the best book of the kind he ever saw. Says he would not be without one if it 
cos him $10. lamsopleased with it that I wish to aid in its sale. Itisabook hat 
nn l^n'^^T^'r^^V ^^'■^Clapp,ofthe Golden Eagle Hotel, Grass Valley, says she 
puts up all her fruit, vegetables, meats, preserves, and eatables by your book, and never 
has known any one of the recipes to fail. ^ ^ uvjkj^, duu never 

Charlie Williams, ot Warrensburir. Pa., writing July 20, 1S71. snys •— R A Beal- 
Dear Sir,-I can not say one-half I desire in praise of your great work; bui sp'eakine 
from experience, I can say tliat it has saved my life. In ,8^ I was at 1 yrone, Blaif 
county. Pa., and was greatly annoyed by a large goiter or tumor, as Dr. Pancost called 
It, the same as Bronchocele in your book. I had doctored for several months and spent 
almost all my means, and despaired of a cure, when I was informed of Dr Pancost's 
ability to cure such cases, and that he was at the head of his profession in this country 
I had very little means, but procured a pass to go to Philadelphia and see tliis noted 
doctor. I spent fi.vc days there, and he probed it several times belore his students but 
at last gave it up. It grew very large, on the right side of my neck. Two years after 
I had almost become useless with it, win n a gentleman on a train between Detroit and 
Chicago told nie that if I would stop with him he would give me a recipe to cure it. I 
had very httle faith in his recipe but as it would cost me nothing to stop off and eet it 
I did so. He went to a certain book and read from it, and I copied it down. It was the 
only thing that ever did me any good. I continued to use it for ten week.s, and the 
r!^, h"? rf PP^^l^ '^' *"^ has never troubled me since. Several months aftei^vards I 
lound that it was the recipe for Bronchocele in your valuable book 

«„ Sr:n^\^T\u' ""^ ^?"f "se, Iowa, says :- I feel interested in 'the sale of your work 
on account of the good it has done us fey it we saved the life of one of our children 
that %yas poisonedTjy eating a colored card that came off from dry goods Our family 
physician on arrivmg at a late hour, told us 'we had saved the life of our child by the 

th7honk'iT"'5^.r^^^^"/"^^^°"^ ^*=^°"* he arrived had we not happened to Ce 
the book and used the remedy promptly. ^ ^ 



GENERAL INDEX. 



BY THE PUBLISHER. 



Abdominal Rupture 188-190 

Abortion, Treatment of 287-289 

Abscess, Treatment of. 290 

Abstinence 408 

Abbreviations, MedicaL 589 

Accidents 384, 396, 406 

Accidents, to Prevent 391-400 

Accidents, in Carriages 392 

Accidents, of Fire 393 

Accidents, of Swimming 394 

Accidents, wliattodo 39» 

Advice, to Mothers. .. . 422-426; 429-439 

Advice, to Young Ladies 576-580 

After-Birth 290 

After-Pains 290 

Ague Medicines 72-74 

Agge, Pills, Bitters, Powders 73 

Auue Mixture, without Quinine... 73 

Ague, Cured by Clairvoyant 73 

Ague, Cured for a Penny 73 

Ague Anodyne 74 

Ague 191 

Ale, Home Brewed 51 

Ale, to Prevent Flatness 51 

Alcohol, in Medicines. 71,80 

Alterative, for Skin Diseases 85 

AlteratlveSyrupor Blood Purifyer 125 

Alterative, very Stroug 125 

Alterative Cathartic, Tonic 125 

Alterative Pills and Syrup. 330 

Amusements for the Young : 
Hunt the Slipper.— Blind Man's 
Buff.— Hide andSeek.—Beansare 
Hot. — Oranges and Lemons.— 
My Lady's Toilet.— The Post.Kiss 
in the Ring. — Copenhagen. — 
Questions and Answers.— Put in 
a Word.— Queen Ann and her 
Maids.— Spat them Out.— Buzz.— 
Twirl the Trencher.— Hunt the 
Ri ng.— Here I Bake, Here 1 Brew. 
—Chasing the Deer.— Hold Fast 
and Let Go.— T Spy.— Fly Away 
Sparrow.— Shadow Buff.— Blind 
Alan's Wand.— Lawyer.— Conse- 
quences.— How Do You Like It. — 
Fox and Geese.- Confidante.- 
The Game of Twenty Questions. 
— Crying Forfeit*.— Ransom for 

Forfel ts.— Croquet 628-638 

Almonds, Blanched 634 



Almonds, Pounding 688 

Anodynes 118 

Anodyne, Godfry's Cordial 113 

Anodyne, Fomentations, 328 

Anodyne, Plaster, Powder 329 

Anti- Biliious Pill 329 

Antl-Ciiolera Drops 329 

AntlmoniaJ Wine 329 

Anti-Spasmodio Tincture 329 

Anti-Spasmodic Clyster o29 

Ants 329 

Annotta, to Prepare 698 

Apparatus for Making Salves 142 

Apoplen:y,Treatment of. 184,, 387 

Aperient Mixture..... 329, 330. 370 

Aperient for Children, etc. . 329, 330, 371 

Aperient, Pill and Tonic 330, 371 

Appetite 413 

Apples, to Boll 629 

Apple Fritters, etc 530-533 

Apple Merange 530 

Apple Snow Balls 633 

Apple Marmalade 533 

Artificial Skin 163 

Armpits, Wash for 517 

Arrow-root Jelley, etc 533 

Asthma Remedies 122, 123 

Asthma, Treatment of 185, 188 

Atrophy 188 

Author's Preface 7 

Baking Powders 39,526 

Barber's Itch, to Cure 163 

Balsam, Indian Healing 163 

Balsam, for Cuts, Bruises, etc 163 

Baldness, to Cure 194, 195 

Baldness, to Prevent 194 

Bath i ng 408 

Balm of a Thousand Flowers 508 

Bandoline 512 

Beer, Root — Lemon— Spruce 49 

Beer, Ginger— Corn— Gas 50 

Beer, English, strong 51 

Beer, Bran, Ginger.. 63, 64 

Beer, Powders 65 

Beer, to Bottle, and fine 68 

Bee Stings, to Cure 201 

Bedsores 285 

Beef Tea 5:^4 

Bee-Keeplng 6S9-64S 



General Index, 



17 



Bbe-Keeping — 
Fundamental Points in— What 
Constitutes a Swarm— Descrip- 
tion of the Queen— The age of tlie 
gueeu — Depositing the Egg — 
atcliing — Impregnation of 
the Queen — Wailings of tlie 
Queen— Worker Bee — Drone- 
Procuring Bees to Stock an Api- 
ary — Swarming — Metliod of Hiv- 
ing—Loss of the Queen— Wi nter- 
Ing Bees— Enemies of Bees — 
Diseases of Bees — Foul Brood — 
Feeding Bees — Water for Bees- 
Robbing among Bees — The 
Italian Bee— Purity of Stock- 
Rearing Italian Queens— Intro- 
ducing tlie Queen— The Hive— 
The Apiary— Stands for Hives- 
Transferring— Conclusion 639-648 

Bitters, Stomach 60 

Bi tters, Tonic 335 

Birth, Premature 302 

Biting the Nails M7 

Bites, of Reptiles 400 

Blackberry, Cultivation of 58 

Blackberry Brandy 62 

Blackberry Syrup— Cordial 334 

Bladder, Inflammation of. 191 

Black Eye; to remove 199 

B lack Sal ve 335 

Black Draught 371 

Blacking, Waterproof 451 

Bleeding, toStop 165, 198,335 

Bleeding, at Nose Iij8, 386 

Blood-Root Tinct ure 96 

Blood-Root, in Bronchitis, Catarrh, 
Asthma, Croup, Diphtheria, Scar- 
latina, Rheumatism, Liver Dis- 
eases, etc 330-333 

Blood- Hoot, Preparation of 333 

Bloody Flux 334 

Blotches, to Remove 334 

Blotched Face, Wash 509, 517 

Blisters, Uses and Abuses 430 

Blisters, Liquid, Horse 498 

Blueing, Liquid 553 

Blue Vat.to make 600 

Bottling Liquors, Wines, etc 68 

Bottles, to Clean 70 

Bologna Sausage 70 

Boils, to Cure 199 

Boneset, Properties of 334 

Body, in Flames 384 

Box-Metal, to make 472 

Bots, to Cure 479, 496 

Boilers, to Prevent Lime 574 

Boilers, to Prevent Exploding 574 

Breath, Impure.to Cure, 195.278,292,514 

Bright's Disease 195 

Bronchitis, Treatment of 196, 197 

Brain, Inflammation of 198 

Brain, Compression of. 386 

Breathing, Diflacult 256, 292 

Bread, to Fry 530 

Bread, to Make 524,526,534 

Bread, Corn, Graham 538 

Brandy, Blackberry, Cherry 63 

Bronchocele 166, 229 

Breasts, Inflammation of 291 

Breasts, Hard 292 

Bronchial Troches 334 

Brown Ointment 384 



Broken Limbs, Horses 485 

Butter, to Preserve 31,546 

Butter, Making and Storing 32 

Burning Fluid, to Make 85 

Burns, Remedies for, 99, 100, 192, 194,384 

Bunions, to Cure 202 

Butten Farcen 499 

Buns, Lemon, Bath 534 

Business, Laws and Maxims 582 

Bug Poisons 583 

o 

Candy, White, to make 47 

Candy, Molasses 47 

Candy, Action of on Teeth 48 

Casks, to Sweeten 68 

CatarrhSnufl" 87 

Catarrh 203 

Cancers, Treatment of , . . . 87-92, 204, 205 

Cathartic Syrup 96 

Cathartic Bitters 125 

Cathartics 158 

Cathartic Powders 389 

Camphor Ice 39 

Cauk er Tea 153 

Carminatives 156 

Carbuncle, to Cure 199 

Catnip, Properties of 338 

Camomile, Properties of 337 

Calomel, its Use and Abuse 429 

Case-Hardening Locks 474 

Cakes, Various, tomake,518-523,535,536 

Cake, Table, 15 kinds 521 

Cake, Buckwheat 524 

Cake, Yeast 624 

Cake, Cream 534 

Cakes, Icing for 523,535 

Case, Browning for 635 

Carpet s, to Clean 547 

Carpets, 1 heap, to Make 575 

Candles, to Make 657 

Catsup, to Make 562 

Catechu, to Prepare 599 

Cements, Various 564,565,583 

Champagne, Sham 53 

Champagne, Summer 65 

Champagne Cider 65 

Chapped Hands, to Cure 203 

Chapped Lips, to Cure 203 

Charcoal Medicine 338 

Cherry Brandy 62 

Cheese, Cream 534 

Chills, Congestive 79 

Chillblains, toCure 101, 208,209 

Child-Birth, or Labor 294-297 

Chicken Pox 317 

Children, Diseases of 310 

Children, Advice About 311-314 

Children, Cooking for 314-317 

Children, Discipline of 317 

China and Glassware, to Clean.... 546 

Chlorosis 299 

Cholera Tincture 153 

Cholera, Remedies for 154, 155 

Cholera Morbus, Cholera, etc. . 155, 156 

Cholera, Treatment of 214-218 

Cholera, Rules to Prevent 414 

Choking 386 

Cholic, In Horses 479 

Cider, Ariificial 41 

Cider, to Bottle 41,66,68 

Cider to Keep in Barrels 42 



i8 



General Index. 



Cider, to Keep Sweet 42,43 

Cider, Champagne 65 

Cider *. «5 

Cisterns, Capacity of 583 

Cleanliness 409, 411 

Clothes, to Renovate 506 

Counterfeit Money, to Detect 36 

Coffee, Soot 74 

Coffee, to Make 57o 

Coffee, Turkish mode 541 

Congestive Chill 79 

Costiveness, to Cure 92, 209, 211 

Corns, to Cure 102, 200 

Corns, on Horses 498 

Cod Liver Oil 106 

Consumption, Treatmentand Rem- 
edies . 107-112, 211-213 

Cordial, Godfrey's 118 

Composition Powder 123, 389 

Cough Remedies 335, 338 

Cough Lozenges 147 

Cough, Mixture, Candy, Syrup.... H8 

Cough, Tincture, Pill ^9 

Cough, Whooping 149 

Cold , Remedies for 205-207 

Colds, to Prevent 206 

Colds, to Avoid Catching 583 

Cold Water Cure 339-343 

Cold, Intense 46 

Cold Cream, to Make 616 

Colic, Treatment of. 207,208 

Colic, in Horses 496 

Convulsions, in Childrm 213, 438 

Confections, Various 358 

Condition Powders, for Horses 435 

Cologne, Imperial 507 

Complexion, to Improve 609,516 

Complexion, Colors that become... 613 

Cookies, Cream 535 

Cookies — 540 

Coloring, to Piepare for 590 

Colors, on Woolen Goods, 590-592, 597-600 
Col irs. Durable on Cotton... 592-594, 699 

Colors, on Silk 594, 695 

Colors, for edge of Boots, Shoes, 

Harness 451 

Colors, for Wine 60 

Copyright, Laws of. 6 

Croup, Remedies for 131, 317 

Creauj, Substitute for oU 

Cream, Nectar 52 

Cream, Ice 54 

Cramp, Remedies for 202 

Crackers, to Make 5-3, 524 

Cranesbill, Properties of 338 

Cupping, Dry, etc...„ « 336 

Culver Root, I'roperties 338 

Cuts and Wounds '?S^ 

Cutaneous Eruptions 509 

Custard, Baked ...........~. 527, 536 

ID 

Dandruff, to Cure 2a5 

Dandelion, Properties of. 343 

Dandelion Beer 343 

Dandelion Coffee 343,359 

Delirium Tremens 97, 224 

Departments, Index to 24 

Deafness, Remedies for 101, 223, 224 

Dentrifice, Myrrh 510 

Dentriflce, to Remove Tartar IBI 

Dentrifice, Camphorated^ 510 



Death, Tests of 218 

Depilatory 510, 514 

Diuretic Pill 126, 344 

DiureticDrops 1-6, 344 

Diuretic Decoction 120, 343 

Diuretic Tincture 1-6 

Diuretic for Chilblains 127 

Diuretic Infusion 344 

1 Jiarrhea, Remedies for, 152, 153, 220-222 

Diphtheria, Remedies for „ 157, 222 

Discutients 164, 343 

Diabetes, to (ure 219 

Diabetes, Horses 499 

Diaphoretic Powder. 344 

Diseases 364-367 

Dislocations, to Reduce 4(il-406 

Distemper, to Cure 489, 497 

Disinfectants 584 

Dover's Powders, to Make 344 

Doses of Medicine most frequently 

used 382, 383 

Doses for Dillerent Ages 375, 383, 589 

I>oor Plates, to Make 460 

Domestic Rules 548 

Drunkenness, apparent Death 

from 387, 406 

Drunkenness, Perfect Cure for 124 

Dropsy, Remedies for 127 

Drinks, Tamarind 362 

Drinks for Fever Patients,..' 80, }<1 

Drowning 886, 387, 406 

Dryer. Japan 457 

Dress, Female 509 

Dresses, to Preserve Color of 547 

Dyspepsia, Treatment of 81-84 

Dyspeptic Tea 123 

Dyspeptic Pill 344 

Dysentery, to Cure 220 

Dyeing..? „ 590, 5'.)6-600 

El 

Earache, to Cure 226 

Early Rising 413 

Eggs, to Preserve, three modes 33 

Eggs, Sex of 34 

Eggs, to Increase Laying 34 

Eggs, to Fry 34 

Eggs, Pickled 637 

Electuary, Anti-Spasmodic 368 

Emmenasogue Mixture 304 

Emetic Mixture 344 

Emetic, Eclectic 95 

Emetic Powder 344 

Emetics, Bread Tea in 95 

Emulsions, Laxative 363 

Emulsions, Purgative 363 

Emergencies 406 

Embroidery, to Transfer 665 

Enemas. Various 359 

Epilepsy, Treatment of „ 227 

Erysipelas, Treatment ol ^-228 

Eruptions, Cutaneous 509 

Essences, to i>(ake 162 

Etiquette, Hintsupon 618-627 

Extracts, to Make 344 

Expectorant, Tincture 345 

Exercise 411 

Fye Preparations, 134-188, 221-226, 357 

Eye, Siffht, to Preserve 225 

Eye, Dirt, etc.,in 384,386 

Eye Water lor Horses, etc 490 

Eyts, Weak, Horses 483 



General Index. 



19 



£y«^Lashes, to Lengthen..^ 516 

IF* 

Pace, Burning 226 

Fainting Fits 226, 386 

Faded Garments, to Restore 506 

Febrifuge Wine 47 

Febrifuge, for Fevers 76, 345 

Febrifuge Tea „ 76 

Febrifuge, Balsam 78 

Felons, to Cure 101, 191, 226 

Female Irregularities 177-183 

Female Pill, Laxative 181 

Female Pill 345 

Female Pill, Anodyne 181 

Female Pill for Painful Menstrua- 
tion 181 

Fence Posts, to Preserve 557 

Fermentation, to Check 70 

Fevers, Improved Treatment of..... 75 

Fever, Typhoid, Treatment of 78 

Fever, Typhus, Treatment of.... 97, 273 

Fever, Scarlet, Treatment of 79, 324 

Fever, Milk, Treatment of 298 

Fever, Liniment 77 

Fevers, Drinks for 80,81,345 

Fevers, to Prevent Infections... 97, 273 
Fever Sores, Plaster, Salves, etc, 138-142 

Fits, Treatment of. 230, 387 

Fits, Fainting 226 

Files, to Re-cut 465 

Filter, Water, to Make 563 

Fish, to Catch . 667 

Fire, Klndlers 672 

Fistula, to Cure 483 

Flooding. Powders for 18^ 

Fluor Albus 306-309 

Flannels, to Wash 548 

Flies, to Destroy 584 

Founder, to Cure 489 

Fruits, to Keep 32 

Fruit, Extracts 5^1 

Fruits, to Can 561 

Fruits, Use of. 417 

Freezing, without Ice 68, 69 

Frost-Bite, to Cure 228 

Frosting, for Cakes 523, 536. 

Freckles, to Remove 510, 511 

Furniture, to Polish, etc 500 

Furs, to Tan 452«456 

C3- 

Gtergles, Various... 360 

Gargle for Sore Throat 85 

Gangrene, Treatment of 229 

Gallstones 267 

« Galvanizing 476 

Galvanizing, Shilling Battery 476 

Galls, Harness, To Cure 487 

Ginger Pop 52 

Ginger, Syrup of. 65 

Ginger, Tincture of. e.^ 

Ginger Snaps 5:i7 

Gingerbread, To Make 537, 538 

Gingerette, Spanish 52 

Glue, Mouth 40 

Glue, for Tin 473 

Glue, To Make 571 

Glossarial Department 607-617 

Glass, Frosting of 459 

Glass, Etching and Grinding 461 



Gloves, Kid, To Clean 512 

Gleet, Nasal, Horses 495 

Gold Lacquer, for Tin 471 

Gout, Chronic, To Cure 93 

Godfrey's Cordial 118 

Goitre, Treatment of 166, 229 

Gravel, Remedies for 230 

Gravel, Drops for 98 

Green Sickness 299 

Green Ointment 345 

Gregory's Powders 345 

Grease Heel, 1 o Cure 487, 495 

Grease Spots on Silk, To Remove.. 5i2 

Grease Spots, To Remove 585 

Groggy Knees, Horses 496 

Graham Bread, To Make 538 

Grammar in Rhyme 580 

Gun Barrels, To Brown 474 

Hanging 387,406 

Hair Dye 604 

Hair Restoratives 504 

Hair Invigorator 605,511 

Hair Oils, To Make 607, 612 

Hair, Superfluous, To Remove 610, 514 

Hair Wasli 612, 517 

Hair, To Make Curl 514 

Hair Brushes. To Clean 515, 585 

Hands, To Whiten 511, 516 

Hams, To Cure 548 

Hams, To Keep .')49 

Headache, Sick, To Cure 95 

Headache, Periodical 96 

Headache Drops 96 

Hemorrhages, Uterine 81 

Hemorrhages 385,386 

Heartburn, To Cure 231, 419 

Heart, Palpitation of 249 

Health, Rules to Pre- 
serve 408, 415, 417-419 

Health in Youth 414 

Herbs for Dyspepsia 346 

Herbs lor Various Diseases 347 

Heaves, Treatment of 488 

Hiccough, To Cure 235 

Hoarseness from Cough 150 

Honey, Artificial 38, 531 

Honey, Domestic 39 

Honey, Excellent 39 

Hoof Ail in Sheep 490 

Hoof Ointment, etc 494 

Horse, Cut of 478 

Horse, Name of Parts 478 

Horse Ointment 485, 492 

Horse Liniment 485 

Horse Supporting Apparatus 486 

Horses, To Tame 490, 498 

Horses, English Recipes 492 

Horses, Purge for 492 

Horses, Cordial for 492 

Horses, Sore Back, To Cure 492 

Horses, To Water 492 

Horses, To Manage 492 

Horses, Hoof-bound 4!i4 

Horses, Sore Mouth 496 

Horses, To Make Get up and Haul. 499 

Horses, To Sh e 489 

Horses, Broken Limbs 485 

House Leek, Properties of 345 

Household, Management of. . . 542, 553 
House Cleaning 547 



20 



Ge7ieral Index. 



Houses— Gravel— stucco 667, 568 

Hydrophobia, Cure for, 132-134, 232, 235 
Hysteria, Treatment of 292, 293 

I 

Ice-Creara, To Make 54, 66 

Ice-Creani, Very Cheap 64 

Ice-Cream, Strawberry— Rasp- 
berry 66, 67 

Ice, To Make 68, 69 

Illustrations, Index to 24 

Imperial Drops, for Gravel and 

Kidney Complaints 98 

Ink, Black Copying 37 

Ink, ToMake.Black— Red 37 

Ink— Blue— Indelible 38 

Ink, To Remove 551,552 

Index to Departments 24 

Index to Illustrations 24 

Index, General 16—24 

Inflammatory Diseases 167, 177 

Inflammation of Throat 84 

Inflammation of Lungs... 175, 177, 238 

Ind igestlon, Treatment of. 236 

Inhaler, Cut of. 348 

Inhalation 318 

Infants. Management of. 426-4-29 

Indigo Extract, To Make 692 

Interest, To Compute 35 

Interest Rates in different States. . 601 
Interest Tables, Explanation of. . . 601 

Interest Tables 602-606 

Irritating Plaster 127, 2;« 

Irritation in Children 431 

Irritation, Special 432 

Iron, Black Polish for 4H6 

Iron, To Weld 466 

Iron, Poor, To Improve 466 

Iron, To Prevent Welding -468 

Iron, To Case-harden 469 

Iron, Wrought, To Case-harden — 469 

Iron, To Soften 469 

Iron Mold, To Remove 54!) 

Iron Stains on Marble, To Remove 551 

Itching Feet from Frost Bites 100 

Itch, To Cure 163, 235 

cr 

Jaundice, Dr. Peabody's Cure 116 

Jaundice, Drink for 116 

Jaundice, Treatment of. 239, 240 

Japan Flow, for Tin 4T1 

Jam, To Make 531 

Jellies, To Make 531, 533, 5;W 

Jellies, without Fruit 39 

Jewelry, To Clean 477 

Kettles. To Keep from Furring 549 

King of Oils, for Neuralgia KW 

Kidney Disease, Horses 495 

Kid Gloves, To Clean 5T2 

Knees, Broken, Horses 497 

Knife-Handles, To Fasten 549 

Xj 

Laryngitis 84 

Laudanum 1 1» 

Laborer Childbirth 294-297 



Lacquer, Gold, for Tin 471 

Lacquer for Brass 472 

Lampers, To Cure 499 

Leatlier, To Clean 549 

Lemonade, To Carry in Pocket. ... 48 

Lemonade, To Make 65 

Lemonade, Milk 65 

Lemonade for Fever Patients 80 

Lemon Whey 539 

Leucorrhea, Injection for 182 

Lini'iient, Good Samaritan 103 

Liniment for Old Sores 103 

Liniment, Dr. Raymond's 103 

Liniment, Electro-Magnetic J04 

Liniment for Spinal Affections.... 104 

Liniment, Great liOndon 104 

Liniment, Gum, Patent 104 

Liniment, Lobelia and Cayenne. .. 105 

Liniment, St. John's 105 

Liniments, Various 359 

Liniment, Black 496 

Liniment, Lime 359,346 

Liniment, Iodine, Horse 497 

Liver, Inflammation of... 128, 240, 242 

Liver Complaint 240 

Liver Pill 128, 129, 242 

Lime Water 346 

Lightning and Sun Stroke.... 387, 400 

Locked Jaw 237 

Longing 297 

Lobelia. Properties of. 346 

Logwood, Properties of 346 

Lotions. Various . 360 

Lovers' Knots 539 

Looking-Glasses, To Clean ,. 548 

Lungs, Inflammation of... 175-177, 238 
Lungs, To Ascertain the State of... 417 
liUng Fever, Horses 495 

Mad Dog, Bite of, (See Hydrophobia.) 
Masturbation. (See Spermatorrhea.) 

Mange and Surfeit 498 

Magic Paper 565 

M arble. To Clean 550 

Magnetic Ointment 115 

Marble, Imitation ol 550 

Marble, To Polish 650 

Matches, Percussion 672 

Manners, Hints upon 618-627 

Mead, Metheglin, To Make 67 

Mense.s, Obstructed 298 

Menstruation 298-3(X) 

Menstruation, Painful, Immoder- 
ate 305 

Menstruation, Suppression of.. 304-306 

Measks, Treatment of 319, 320 

M eals, To Regulate ^v^1n9-421 

Meat, To Cure 6^ 5d8, 5r.l 

Medicines, Preparation of....'.. 371-374 
Medicines, Precautions in Giving. 374 
Medici neSjTo Prevent. Taste of. . . . 371 
Medicine, Doses for Different 

Ages 375, 383 

Milk Fever 298 

Mixtures, Various 361 

Milk Lea, Hor.ses 498 

Milk, To Preserve .. 549 

Mill Picks, To Sharpen 467 

Mill Picks, To Temper 467 

Mildew, To Remove 549,552 

Mouth Glue 40 



General Index. 



21 



Molasses Candy, To Make 47 

Moths, To Stop 550,552, 685 

Mumps, Treatment of 318 

Mustard Plaster, To Make 351 

Mucilage, To Make 363 

Muffins, To Make 531 

Musty Casks, To Sweeten 650 

Muslins, To Keep Color 552 

Muslins, To Render Inflammable. 652 
Musical Curiosity 681 

Nails, Grown in 239 

Nails, To Whiten 239,512 

Navel 322 

Nectar, Cream, Imperial 52 

Nervous Pill 130,244 

Nervous Mixture 244 

Nervousness 243 

Nerve Powder 243 

Nerve Drops 244 

Nerve Mixture 244 

Neuralgia Remedies 158, 242 

Neuralgia, Internal Remedy 160 

Nettle Rash 242 

Nettle 2J4 

Neutralizing Mixture 242 

Night Sweats, To Relieve 75 

Nightmare. 242 

Nipples, Cracked 99 

Nipples, Sore, Toad Ointment 115 

Nose Bleed, To Stop 198, 386 

Nocturnal Emissions 286 

Noise in the Ears 286 

Nurse, The 488 

Nurse, Common- or Sick 439 

Nurse, The Monthly 441 



Odors, To Remove 551 

Oil. Cod Liver 106 

Oil, British 150 

Oil, Balm of Gilead 151 

Oil, Harlem 151 

Oil of Spike 151 

Oil, Black 151 

Oils, Drying 457 

Oils, King of, for Neuralgia 160 

Oil Paint, To Clean 457 

Ointment for Old Sores 112 

Ointment, Judkin's — Slsson's 112 

Ointments, Green, Kittredge's, 113, 499 

Ointment, Mead's Salt Rheum 114 

Ointment, Itch 115 

Ointment, Magnetic 115 

Ointment, Stramonium 115 

Ointment, Toad 115 

Ointment for Ulcerated Liver 129 

Ointment for Eruptions 347 

Ointment. Blue 495 

Ointment, White 496 

Ointments, Various 361 

Omelet, Green Corn 529 

Opodeldock, Liquid 152, 498 

Oyster Soup 46 

Oysters,' Mock. 531 

Oyster Pie 539 

Oyster Fritters 539 



Paralysis, Treatment of. 94, 250 

Paralytic Liniment ■ 94 



Paregoric 118 

Pain Killer, Perry Davis's 166 

Pain in the Back 239 

Pain in the Head or Face 239 

Pain in Joints or Side 239 

Painter's Colic, To Cure 2ol 

Painter's Sanding Machine — 458 

Painter's Economy in Colors 463 

Paint Skins, To Save 458 

Paint, Fire-Proof 459 

Paint, Rubber 459 

Paint, To Make various Shades.... 459 

Paint, Porcelain Finish 463 

Paint, To Remove 6.51 

Paint, To Take Away Smell of 651 

Paint, To Clean 551 

Paints, Cheap 569-571 

Painting. Crystal 459 

Painting Tin Rools 458 

Palpitation of the Heart 249 

Paste, Water-Proof 452 

Paste for Tarts 527 

Paste, To Make 685 

Paper, Magic 565 

Paper Hangings, To Clean 5^7 

Paper, Sketching 46(J 

Pectoral Drops, Bateman's 118 

Pearl Water for Face 513 

Pennyroyal, Properties of. 347 

Perfume, To Make 608, 614 

Personal Manners, Hints upon, 618-627 

Pharmacopoeia, Domestic 357-363 

i hysiognomy, Infantile 433 

Physic Ball, Horses 489,497 

Physic for Cattle 489 

Piles, Remedies for 116-118, 246-249 

Pills, Nervous 130 

Pills, To Sugar-Coat 180 

Pills, Anodyne 181 

Pills, Various 361 

Pie, Lemon 626 

Pie Crust Glaze 627 

Pie, Apple 527 

Pie, Custard 627,536 

Pickling Fruits, etc 575 

Picture varnish 551 

Pimples, To Remove 239,510 

Plaster, Irritating 127 

Piaster, Adhesive 141 

Plants, To Free from Lice 685 

Plums, etc.. To Keep from Being 

Stung 575 

Pleurisy Root 249 

Pleurisy, Remedies for 172-175, 248 

Powder, Black 38 

Powder, Aperient 852 

Powder, Carminative 352 

Powder, Saline Laxative 352 

Powder,Steel 352 

Powder, Sudorific, Worm 353 

Powders, Various 362-363 

Powder, Cleansing, for Horses 495 

Pop Corn Balls 47 

Pop, Ginger 62 

Pork, To Keep Fresh 660 

Poisons, Antidotes 167, 387-391, 407 

Polypus in the Nose 270 

Poultices, Various, To Make... 348-352 

Poll Evil, To Cure 481,494 

Potash, To Make 483 

Polish, Furniture 600, 648 

Polish for Wood, f-eather, etc 600 

Pomade 607 



3a 



General Index. 



pomade for Baldness 512 

Pomatums G12 

Potatoes, To Boll 539 

Potatoes, To Fry 640 

Poultry, To Feed 551 

Proud Flesh 286 

Pregnancy 301, 353 

Premature Birth 302 

Prescriptions 867-370 

Prescriptions, List of Useful... 376-382 

Prognosis, Infantile 434 

Preface, Publisher's 7 

Preface, Author's 8 

Preserves, To Make 531, 562 

Pulmonic Wafers 148 

Puberty 323 

Pulmonary Balsam 347 

Pulmonary Syrup 348 

Puddings 528,529,640 

Pudding Sauce 529 

Puffs, Lemon 539 

Publisher's Preface 7 

Q, 

Quinsy, Treatment of 271 

Rats, To Destroy 666, 585, 586 

Bazor Strop Paste 608, 587 

Bazors, To Sharpen 686, 587 

References 10 

Restorative Wine Bitters 353 

Renovating Mixtures 506 

Renovating Clothes 506 

Rheumatic Fluid, German 104 

Rheumatism, Remedies 

for 119, 122, 251-?55 

Rheumatism, Inflammatory 119 

Rheumatism, Dr. Kittredge's 

Remedy 120 

Rheumatism, Indian Remedy for, 121 
Rheumatism, New Remedy ior — 122 

Rheumatic Drops 254 

Rheumatic Liquid— Mixture— Pill. 254 

Rheumatic Powder 255 

Rheumatic Liniment 120, 254 

Rheumatism in Horses 499 

Ringworm, To Cure las, 255, 323 

Ring-Bone, To Cure 479, 482, 498 

Ring, Tight, To Remove 513 

Rickets, Treatment of 321, 322 

Rice. To Cook •• 540 

Rupture- Abdominal 188, 190 

Rust, To Prevent 465, 549 

Rust, To Remove 552 

Rules for Administering Medi- 
cine 371, 375. 383, 589 



Salt Rheum 114 

Sausage, Bologna 70 

Saline Mixture 353 

Salve, Green Mountain 140 

Sarsaparilla, Decoction of 344 

Salve, Kitridge's 140 

Salve, Balm of Gilead 141 

Salve, Peleg White's 142 

Salve, Black 335 

Saws, To Mend 475 

Scbeidam Schnapps 60, 61 



Scratches 264, 323 

Scrofula, Treatment of 264 

Scurvy, To Cure 866 

Sciatica, Treatment of 272 

Scurf in the Head, Infants 823 

Scald Head, To Cure 824 

Scalds, Remedies for 192-194, 384 

Scarlatina 324 

Scarlatina and Measles 326 

Scouring Liquid 473 

Scouring Powders 473 

Scouring In Horses, etc 484 

Scratches in Horses 487 

Seidlitz Powders 157 

Sealing Wax, To Make 576 

Sherbet, Persian 48 

Shingles, Treatment of 265 

Shortness of Breath 256 

Shocks 388 

Sheep, Maggots in 498 

Shamjpooiog Mixture 606 

Sick Headache, To Cure 95, fl6 

Sick Rooms, Caution in 417 

Sick Room, Management of 443-449 

Sick Stomach, Horses 497 

Sinking at Pit of Stomach 287 

Singing, Utility of 412 

Sizing for Boots and Shoes 451 

Silver Plating 468 

Silk Reviver 552 

Skin Diseases, Alterative for 85 

Skin.ToClean 514 

Skin, To Clear Tanned 514 

Skin, To Soften 516 

Skin, Sunburned 517 

Sleep, How to Get 412 

Slippery Elm, Properties of 354 

Small-Pox, Treatment 

of 164, 261, 264, 368 

Small-Pox in Sheep 264 

Smoking 287 

Snake Bites, Remedies for. . . . 132, 134 

Snuffles 328 

Soda Water without Machine, for 

Bottling 46 

Soda Wat er Powders 70 

Soot Coffee 74 

Sore Throat, Gargle for 85 

Sore Throat, Liniment for 85 

Sore Throat. Treatment of . . . . 85-87 256 

Sorrel, To Stew 256 

Solder, To Make 472, 478 

Soaps, To Make 653-557 

Spiritual Facts 72 

Spasms of Stomach 191 

Spasms, Certain Cure 256 

Spermatorrhea 257, 260 

Spitting Blood 269 

Sprains, To Cure 270, 493 

Spavin, To Cure. . . 479-482, 492, 493, 498 

Splint, To Cure 492 

Spelling, Hints upon 687 

Squinting, To Cure 323 

StomachBitters 60 

Stomach Spasms and Cramps 191 

Stoppers, To Loosen 68 

Stimulating Tonic '^'d 

Stimulant in Low Fevers 124 

Stimulating Liniment 853 

Stone in the Bladder 266, 268 

Styptic Balsam 165 

Styptic Remedies 166 

Stings of Bees, etc., To Cur© 201 



General Index. 



23 



Stings of Nettles 201 

Stammering, To Cure ' " " 257 

Stitcli in Side 257 

St. Vitus' Dance \\\\ 260 

Stricture of Rectum 268 

Stain, Mahogany— Rosewood . , 501 
Stain, Black Walnut— Cherry 502 

Stains, To Remove.... 514, 516, 651, 5.52 

Starching 54g 

Starch Polish 572 

Stifle, Sprains of. .".,'. 497 

Stucco Plastering ' . 557 

Sunburn, To Rehiove 6I7 

Sunstroke, To Cure \'\' 201 

Sudorific Powders ' *. * 35.3 354 

Suffocation 887* 406 

Sweats, Night. To Relieve.'.'. ..'.....' 75 

Sweating Preparations 98, 353 

Swellings, To Scatter 164 

Swellings To Reduce ' 165 

Swimming, The Art of .'394 

Sweeny Liniment 482, 493 

Syrups, To Make various Colors. ... 43 
Syrups, Artificial, various Flavors, 44 
Raspberry — Strawberry — 
Pine Apple—Sarsaparilla— 

Lemon . 44 

Syrup, Soda, with or without a 

P^'ountain 44 

Syrup, Cream Soda 45 

Syrup, Cathartic \,,\ 96 

T 

Tapeworm, Remedy for 144-147 

Tanning, Blacking and Finish- 

-, *?S.... 4.52-456 

Taming Horses, etc 490, 498 

Tartar, To Remove 610 

Taffy,To Make ;.""' 540 

Tallow, To Cleanse 657 

Teeth, To Extract without Pain. ' 161 

Teething. 337,434-438 

Tetter, To Cure i(j3 

Tea, To Make "* 541 

Temperaments, Various !' 354 

Terms Used to Express the Prop- 
erties of Medicines 355-357 

Temperance 413 

Tempering Knives, Picks', etc. 467, 468 

Tendons, Contraction of 499 

Technical Terms, Explanation 

-,, of 607-617 

Thrush 826 

Thumb, Dislocated .'."."!'" 385 

Tinning, Iron, To Solder 472 

Tmning Copper 472 

Tinning Flux 473 

Tinning, Superior Process \\ 475 

Tinware, To Mend 563 

Tin, Muriate of 593 

Tire, To Keep on Wheel '..'.'.'.'. 563 

Tic Doloreaux 244 

Tinctures, To Make ..,.*.* ** 162 

Tincture of Blood-Root ' 96 

Tomato, Cultivation of .'.* 56 

Tomato as Food ' 56 

Tomatoes as Food for CatCle! ',*."" 57 
Toothache Remedies. . J58-162, 277' 278 

Tooth Wash 161, 278, 517 

Tooth Powder. 162, 278, 510 

Tonic Wine Tincture 74 



Tonic, Stimulating 79-80 

Tonic Bitters f gg 

Tonsils, Enlarged, To Cure 94 

Tongue, Tied, To Remove ." " 326 

Toast, To Maice "5^0 

Toilet, Boman Lady's "' 515 

Toilet, Young Lady's 51=; 

Tripe, To Piclile 46 

Truss Springs, To Make ' 470 

Typhus Fever, To Prevent Infeci 

tion 97 

Typhus Fever \'.,\\\\\\\\ 'ZiZ 

TJ 

Ulcer, Treatment of 276 

Urine, Suppression of.... . '*' 277 

Urine,Bloody 276 

Urine. Hot, Scalding ' ' " " 276 

Urine, Involuntary 275 

Urinary Decoction 277 

Uterine Hemorrhage %\ 

Uterus, Inversion of. .'.'.*.".' 307 

Vapors— Low Spirits 279 280 

Vapor Bath '286 

Vaccination ^^)n 

Varnish, Biack, for Shoes! .*.' 4.59 

Varnish for Harness 452 

Varnish for Iron 4,,6 

Varnish, Black .' 471 

Varnish auu Polish 475 

Varnishes. •;.;; '^i 503 

Vermifuge Lozenges.. . . 149 

Vermifuge Oil 143 

Velvet, Flushed, To Restore. . . .".'. ' " 552 
Vinegar, To Make, Eight Pro- 
cesses 25 3i 

Vinegar Generator 28 

Vinfgar, Cheaj and Good. '.'. 79 

Vomiting, To Stop "'278 



"W 



Water, Ice— Raspberry— Orange. ... 67 
Water, Ice-Strav/berry— Lemon . . 67 

Water Brash, To Cure 9K.i 

Water Farcey ;:*'"" ^^ 

Waters, Medicated "' c^j> 

Water, To Purify i^d 

Water, To Sol ten s^o 

Water Filter 563 

Warts, To Cure Jos; 284 

Warts on Hor.'-es 4Qfi 

Walking .; J^g 

Washing Made Easy !.* "5*17' 553 

Washing Bed Clothes '553 

Washing P'luid '" 554 

Wens ToCure.. 165, 286 

Weather, Signs of 533 

Weather and Blood " 412 

Weaning 440 

Wettingthe Bed 449 

Welding Iron 466 Am 

Welding. To Prevent............ ' 468 

Weeds, To Destroy "564 

Weights for Bushel of Grain 588 

Whooping Cough • 149, 318 

White Swellings osi 

Whites, The ;... '.V, m, 309 



H 



General Index. 



Whitewash, To Make 569 

Wind in the Stomach 286 

Wines— Currant, Cherry, etc. 64, 65, 62 

"Wines, Rhubarb or Patent 65 

Wine, Tomato 66 

Wine, White Currant — Ginger 67 

Wine, Blackberry 68, 62 

Wine,Port 58 

Wlue, Cider and Grape, 51) 

Wine, Coloring for 60 

Wine, Apple 62 

Wine, To Bottle and Fine 68 

Wine, Febrifuge 74 

Wine Tincture, Tonic 74 

Worm Tea 144 

Worm Cake 144 

Worms, Remedies for 881, 283 

Worm Fever 282 

Worm Seeds— Syrup 883 

Worm Powders 353 

Worms in Horses 497 



Wounds, Treatment of 283, 386 

Wounds, Balsam for 486, 498 

Wool, To Cleanse 692 

Womb, Diseases of 303-310 

Womb, Inflammation of 303 

Womb, Retroversion of. 308 

Womb, Polypi of 308 

Womb, Dropsy of 308 

IT 

Yarrow, Properties of 283 

Yeast, Hop 53 

Yeast, Bakers' 53 

Yeast. Jug, without Yeast to Start 

with 53 

Yeast Cake 54, 524 

Yeast, Potato,... 540 

Yellow Fever, Treatment of 283 

Yellow Doclc, Properties of. 355 

Yellow Water, Horses 495 



INDEX TO DEPARTMENTS. 



Merchants' and Grocers' 35-40 

Saloou 41-61 

Saloon— Appendix 62- 70 

Medical... 71-183 

Medical— Appendix 184-450 

Accidents and Emergencies... 384-407 
Rules for Preservation of 

Health 408-421 

Advice to Mottiers 422-450 

Tanners, Shoe and Harness 

Makers' 451-456 

Pain ters' 457-464 

Blacksmiths' 465-470 

Tinners' 471-473 

Gunsmiths' 474-475 

Jewellers' 476-477 

Farriers' 478-491 

Farriers'— Appendix 492-499 



Cabinet Makers' 600-503 

Barbers' and Toilet 604-508 

Barbers' and Toilet — Appendix 509-517 

Bakers' and Cooking 518-532 

Bakers' and Cooking — Appen- 
dix 533-553 

Hints on Housekeeping 512-553 

Miscellaneous 554-581 

Miscellaneous— Appendix ..... 582-588 

Coloring , 5!>0-595 

Coloring— Appendix 596-600 

Interest 601-606 

Glossorial • 607-617 

Hints upon Etiquette and Per- 
sonal Manners 617-627 

Amusements and Indoor 

Games 628-638 

Bee-Keeping 639-648 



♦ ♦♦ 



INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Author's Portrait 1 

Apparatus for Supporting Lame 

Animals 486 

Courier Steam Printing House 2 

Dislocated Shoulder 402 

Drone Bee 641 

Form of Lettering Door Plate 461 

Inlialer ...... 348 

Match Splitting Machine 573 

Lep:, in Dislocated Hip 403 

Miller and Worm 646 

Movable Comb Hive 644 

Name and Situation of External 

parts of a Horse 478 



Ovaries of Queen Bee 640 

Painters Sanding Apparatus 458 

Queen Bee 639 

Reducing Dislocated Shoulder 402 

Reducing Dislocated Jaw 404 

Salve and Lozenge Apparatus — 141 

Shilling Battery 473 

Section of Comb, Showing Honey, 
Bee-Bread, Brood and Queen 

Cells 640 

Truss Spring 470 

Michigan University HalU. 8 

Vinegar Generator 28 

Worker Bee 641 



DR. CHASKS RECIPES. 



MERCHANTS' AND GROCERS' DEPARTMENT. 



VINEGAR. — Merchants and grocers who retail vinegar sliould 
always have it made under their own eye, if possible, from the fact 
that so many unprincipled men enter into its manufacture, as it atfords 
such a large profit. And I would further remark, that there is hardly 
any article of domestic use, upon which the mass of the people have 
as little correct information as upon the subject of making vinegar. I 
shall be brief in my remarks upon the different points of the subject, 
yet I shall give all the knowledge necessary, that families, or those 
wishing to manufacture, maybe able to have the best article, and at 
moderate figures. Remember this fact — that vinegar must have air as 
well as warmth, and especially is this necessary if you desire to make 
it in a short space of time. And if at any time it seems to be " Dying," 
as is usually called, add molasses, sugar, alcohol, or cider — whichever 
article you are making from, or prefer — for vinegar is an industrious 
fellow ; he will either work or die, and when he begins to die you may 
know he has worked up all the material in his shop, and wants more. 
Remember this in all vinegars, and they will never die, if they have 
air. First, then, upon a small scale, for familj^ use: 

To Make in Three Weeks.— Molasses, 1 qt. ; yeast, 1 pt. ; warm 
rain water, 3 gals. Put all into a jug or keg, and tie a piece of gauze 
over the bung to keep out flies and let in air. In hot weather set it in 
the sun; in cold weather set it by the stove or in the chimney-corner, 
and in three weeks you will have good vinegar. 

When this is getting low, pour out some for use, and fill up the 
jug in the proportion as at first, and you will never have trouble for 
want of good vinegar. 

2. A correspondent of the Dollar Newspaper says: * ' The cheapest 
mode of making good vinegar is to mix 5 qts. of warm rain water with 
two qts. of Orleans molasses, and 4 qts of yeast. In a few weeks you 
will have the best vinegar j^ou ever tasted." He might well say " The 
best vinegar you ever tasted," for it would have double the necessary 

2 



26 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

strength, and three or four times the strength of much that is sold; 
yet this strength would cost less to make, than to buj'- by the quart. 

3. In Barrels, Without Trouble.— Merchants and grocers, who 
retail vinegar, can always keep a good supply on hand by having 
about two or three barrels out of which to sell, by tilling the first one 
they sell out, before quite empty, with 

Molasses, 1 gal. ; soft water 11 gals. 

Keeping this proportion to filJ the barrel ; the vinegar, and mother 
which is left in tlie barrel, makes it work mucli quicker than if put 
into empty barrels; so pass around to the next barrel as it is nearly 
out, having tliree barrels, and unless you sell more than a barrel a 
week, you need never be out of vinegar. Some recommend to use 
alum, cream-of-tartar, etc., in vinegar, but /say never. It is always 
advisable to have a liole in the top of the barrel, if standing on end ; 
if on the side, the bung out and a gauze over it, to keep out flies and 
let air in. 

4. From Sugar, Drippings from Sugar Hogsheads, etc. — 
Dealers who retail molasses, often have from five to fifty pounds of 
sugar left in the barrel after selling out the molasses. Each pound of 
tliis, or other sugar, dissolved in two gallons of soft water, makes that 
amount of good vinegar by either of the above plans. Rinsings of 
molasses barrels or drippings of sugar hogsheads, brought to this 
degree of sweetness, is as good for vinegar as any other material. 
Small beer, lager beer, ale, etc., which have become sour, make good 
vinegar by reducing with water; small beer v/ill need but little water; 
lager beer will need as much water as beer, or a little more; and ale, 
twice as much water as ale; they will all need yeast, a quart or two to 
each barrel, unless put into barrels which have some vinegar in them, 
and it will do no harm, but quicken the process in all cases, if there 
is vinegar in the barrel. 

5. From Acetic Acid and Molasse§.— Acetic acid, 4 lbs. ; 
molasses, 1 gal, ; put them into a 40 gallon cask, and fill it up with 
rainwater; shake it up and let stand from one to three weeks, and 
the result is good vinegar. 

If this does not make it as sharp as you like, add a little more 
molasses. But some will object to this because an acid is used; 
let me say to such, that acetic acid is concentrated vinegar. Take one 
lb. or one pt., or any other quantity of this acid, and add seven times 
as much soft water, and you have just as good vinegar as can be made 
from cider and that instantaneously. 

6. From Apple Cider. — As there are those who will not have 
any but cider vinegar, and have plenty of cider out of which to make 
it, I will give 3^ou the best plan of proceeding, for manufacturers: 

Have a room where it will not freeze; place on end as many 
barrels or large casks, without heads, to hold as much as you wish to 



Merchants'* and Grocers^ Department, 27 

make ; fill these one-third full of soft water, and the other two-thirds 
with apple cider; yeast, 2 qts. to each cask. 

In a few weeks you will have good vinegar; without the yeast it 
would be all the season in becoming good. Then fill up into barrels 
for sale, leaving a little, say one-eighth, in the open barrels, and fill 
them up with water and cider as before, and it will become good much 
quicker tlian before. If the water is objected to, use the cider without 
it, but pure cider makes vinegar too strong for any one to use, and 
requires much longer time in making. Tiiese barrels may have boards 
over them to keep out flies and dirt. If the retailer can give it his 
attention, by having a barrel of good cider vinegar to sell out of, he 
can always keep it up, if, when he draws out two or three gallons of 
the vinegar, he will go to his cider, kept for the purpose, and replace 
the vinegar with the cider; or, if making with molasses and water or 
any other article, fill up with the same; but take notice, if you forget 
or neglect, and draw your vinegar nearly all out before you fill in, it 
does not keep to the point of sharpness desired, unless you have two 
or three barrels as mentioned in recipe Xo. 3. 

Persons who have old sour cider on hand can in this way, or as 
mentioned in No. G, have good vinegar from it immediately, as it 
comes around into vinegar much quicker than new cider. 

7. In Three Days Without Drugs. — The philosophy of making 
vinegar quickly, is this: The means that will expose the largest 
surf ace of the vinegar fluid, of a certain temperature, to the air, will 
convert it into vinegar in the shortest time; and as there is no way by 
which so great a surface can be exposed ashy the shavings process and 
at the same time control the temperature, that plan has been adopted 
as explained in the wood-cut on the next page, and in the descriptive 
note: 

Descriptive !N"ote. — Those wishing to manufacture, to sell at 
wholesale, will prepare a tub, or square box, and arrange it as shown 
in the accompanying cut, knowing that the taller and larger the 
tub, the quicker will the vinegar become good. The air holes are 
bored tlirough every other, or every third stave, around the whole 
tub. These holes are to be about one foot or eighteen inches from the 
bottom; they must also be bored slanting down as you bore inward, 
otherwise the vinegar would run out and waste as it drips down the 
side or of the tub. These tubs ought to be from ten to twenty feet 
high, according to the quantity yon desire to run off daily. Now take 
beech, maple or basswood boards — and they are valuable in the order 
named — cut them off about eighteen inches in length, and plane thick, 
heavy shavings from the edges; and if they do not roll up and stay in 
nice rolls, you must roll and tie them up with small cord; or clean corn 
cobs will do, but they will only last one season, whilst the shavings 
will last several years. If cobs are used, they must be put in lav.-^'-s 



28 



Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 



each layer crossing the other, to prevent their packin<^ too close. Then 
wet or soak them thoroughly in water, and fill up the tub or tubs with 
them, until you are within two or three feet of the top, at which place 
you will nail a stout hoop around, upon the inside of the tub, which 
shall support tlie false top, whicli has been made and fitted for that 
purpose, tlirougli which false top you will have bored good sized 
gimlet holes about every two inclies all over its whole surface, through 
eacli of wliich holes a small cord, about four or five inches in length, 
is to be drawn, having a knot tied upon its upper end to keep it in its 
place, and to prevent the vinegar fluid from working out too fast. 
The size of these holes, and the size of the cord, must be such as to 
allow the amount of vinegar being made to run through every twelve 
hours; or, if time can be given to put it up so often, it may run 
througii ever^^six hours. You will cork all around between the false 
top and the tub with cotton, which ciusos the vlnegar-fiuid, liereafter 
to be described, to pass through the gimlet holes and drip from the 
ends of the small cords, evenly, all over the shavings, otherwise, if the 
false top was not exactly level, the vinegar fluid would all run off" at 
the lowest point, down the side of the tub, and be a very long time in 
becoming good, whilst if it drips slowly and all over and down through 
the shavings, it soon comes around into good vinegar. The holes 



Main cover, or loose boards 

Vinegar fluid space 

False lop, with tubes ; and cords hanging 
through it 

Center portion of the tub, which should be 
filled with tlie shavings to within an 
inch or two of the false top 

Holes to let in air 



The square projections on the side of the 
Generator represent hoops. 




Vinegar Generator. 

bored for tliat purpose, in warm weather oxidizes or acetifies the 
vinegar-fluid, by aflbrding the two essential points of quickly making 
good vinegar, that is air and heat, without the expense of a fire to warm 
the fluid, or room in which the vinegar is made. Now bore five 
one-inch holes thi-ough the false top, one of them through the center, 
raid the olhcr two-thirds of the distance each way, towards the outside 



Merchants* and Grocers* Department. 29 

of the tub, into which holes drive as many pins, having a three-quarter 
incli hole bored througli them lengthwise, whicli makes them tubes; 
cut the tubes oif an inch below tlie top of the tub, so as to be out of 
the way of the main cover or loose boards which will be thrown over 
the top of the tub for the purpose of keeping out liies and dirt, and 
also to keep the heated air in, which comes up through the tubes; this 
air becomes heated by the chemical action of the air upon the vinegar 
fluid as it drips along down through the shavings in the tub, becoming 
so hot that it would be uncomfortable to hold the hand therein. Tlie 
space between the false top and cover is called the vinegar-fluid space, 
and it must be sufficiently tight in the joints of the tub, or box, to hold 
the fluid when put in. Now take a barrel of good vinegar and pour 
it into the top of the tub, and let it drip through the gimlet holes, 
from the cords, over the shavings, two or three times, each time 
putting on one gallon of highwines, or two or three gallons of cider, 
as the case may be, which sours tlie shavings and greatly helps the 
starting process of the vinegar-making. Without the addition to the 
strength of the vinegar as it runs through, it would part with nearly 
all of its own strength or acidity to the shavings, and thus lose its own 
life. If you have not, and cannot obtain, vinegar, to start with, you 
must begin with weak vinegar-fluid, and keep adding to it every time 
through until it becomes very sour; then you will consider yourself 
ready to begin to make vinegar in double quick time, by using any of 
the fluids mentioned in the foregoing vinegar recipes. But manufac- 
turers generally use highwines, thirty to forty per cent, above proof, 
one gallon; water, eleven gallons; but persons living a great distance 
from market will And a cheaper plan by using ninety-eight per cent, 
alcohol, one gallon ; water, fifteen gallons ; either of which makes 
good vinegar, using yeast of course, with either article, from one pint 
to one quitf-tto each barrel being made. Another tub or vat must be 
set in the ground, under the generator, or in a cellar, as the case m:iy 
be, to hold as much vinegar as the space between the false and roal top 
will contain, or as mucli us you wish to make at one time; from which 
it is to be carried up in buckets, (or a wooden pump having a leather 
sucker is quicker and easier to raise it,) to the top of the generator 
until it becomes good vinegar, which it will do in the time mentioned 
at the head of this recipe, if passed through the generator by the 
faucet every twelve hours which it must be; and if the tubs are fifteen 
or twenty feet high, it will onl}^ need passing througli once, or twlr,^ at 
most. 

Some will have no' vinegar but that made from apple cider ; then 
put in one-third water, and it makes vinegar as strong as anybody ought 
to use ; but if they will have it at full strength, make it so, only it 
requires a little longer time to make. 

If those who have cider which has been standing a long time, ai^4 



30 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

does not become vinegar, will reduce it one-third with water^, and pass 
it through this machine, they will grind out first rate vinegar in one 
or two day's time. Sour beer or ale, the artificial cider, also, if it gets 
sour, make good vinegar, when mixed with some other vinegar in 
making. Small beer, also drippings from sugar hogsheads in place of 
molasses, &c. Nothing having sugar or alcohol in it should be thrown 
away, as it will make good vinegar, which is as good as cash, and ought 
to be saved — if for no otlier puri)ose than to have more to give the 
worthy poor. 

It was at first thought to be absolutely necessary to make the 
vinegar-fluid of about seventj^-five degrees of heat, and also to keep 
the room of the same temperature; but it has been found that by 
keeping the heat in the tub by the false top and the loose cover, that 
in warm weather it does very well without heating up the fluid, 
although it would make a little quicker with it ; and if desired to 
make in cold weather, you must heat the fluid and keep the room 
warm also. 

If families choose to try this plan, they can make all they will 
need in a keg not larger than a common churn, whilst wholesalers will 
use tubs as tall as their rooms will admit. 

The first merchant to whom I sold this recipe made all the vinegar 
he could retail by placing strips of board across the center of a whisky 
barrel which supported the shavings in the upper half only, allowing 
the vinegar to stand in the lower half ; as his room was so low, he 
could only use the one barrel and a wash-tub at the top, instead of the 
false top and space as represented in our cut ; it took him only a week 
to make it in this way. I used the vinegar over a year. Tlie strength 
of the fluid he used was good common whisky, one gal. ; water, four 
gals. So it will be seen that all kinds of spirit, or articles containing 
spirit, can be made into vinegar. 

Remark. — If you wish to make sugar into vinegar, do not attempt 
to run it through the generator^ as it forms mother in that way, and 
soon tills up the little holes ; but make it by standing in a barrel, 
as mentioned under that head, No. 4. 

8. Quick Process, by Standing upon Sliayiugs. — Take 4 or 5 
hogsheads or casks, and set them side by side, having a faucet near the 
bottom ; then fill up the casks full of shavings prepared as in the 
foregoing recipe, or clean corn-cobs, putting some turning shavings 
over the top, after having put on an old coffee sack to keep the fine 
shavings from falling down among the coarse ones ; this is to keep in 
the warmth; now sour the shavings with the best vinegar, by throwing 
it on the shavings and letting it stand half a day or so; then draw off 
by the faucet at the bottom, and throw it on again, adding 1 qt. of 
high wines to each barrel each time you draw it olY, as the shavings 
absorb the acid, and tlie vinegar would become flat, but by adding the 



Merchants' and Grocers' Departtnent. 31 

spirits the shavings become soured or acetified, and the vinegar gets 
better also. "When the shavings are right take highwines, 30 or 40 per 
cent above proof, 1 gal. ; molasses, 1 qt. ; soft water, 14 gals. ; (river 
or well water will do, but not as good for any vinegar) and put it upon 
the shavings, and draw otf and put on again from one to three times 
daily, until sufficiently sour to barrel up. 

Mr. Jackson, a grocer, of Jackon, Michigan, has been making in 
this way for several years. He uses, also, sour ale, rinsings of sugar 
hogsheads, or the drippings, and throws this fluid on the shavings, and 
draws off and returns from 1 to 3 times each day until sufficiently sour 
to barrel up, which only requires a few drawings ; he then fills his 
barrels only two-thirds full, and leaves the bungs out summer and 
winter, and if he finds a barrel is getting weak in strength, he puts in 
a quart of highwines, which.recruits the strengtli, or gives it work 
again, which, as I remarked before, if you give him stock to work on, 
and air, he labors — without both, he dies. Bear this in mind, and your 
vinegar will improve all the time, no matter how, or of what it is made. 
He fills the tubs ouly one-third or one-half full when making, does 
not heat, but uses yeast, and only works them in warm weather and 
in winter fills the tubs with good vinegar, and lets them stand over 
until spring, when they are ready for worlc again. 

This man, with five casks tlius managed, has sold over three 
hundred barrels of vinegar in one season. 

It might not be amiss, in closing i\\\&long subject, to say that when 
you have no vinegar to begin with in either of the processes, that if 
you commence with the fluid quite weak at first it begins to sour 
quicker than if begun with at full strength, then as it begins to 
become sour, add more of tlie spirit, cider, sugar, or molasses, &c., 
until you get the desired point of strength. So you might go on 
until a swallow of it would strangle a man to death, and remove 
every particle of skin from his throat. 

BUTTER.— To Preserve any Length of Time.— First— \^rk out 
all the buttermilk. Second — use rock salt. Third — pack in air tight 
jars or cans. Fourth— keep in a cool place, and you will have nice 
butter for years, if desired to keep so long. A short recipe, but it 
makes long butter. 

Merchants who take in more butter than they can sell during the 
warm months, can put it into jars and cover the jar with about half an 
inch of lard over the top of the butter, and place it in the cellar; or they 
can put about an inch or two of brine in place of the lard, and hnve it 
do well, first working out all the buttermilk which may remain, when 
brought in. It would be better for them to have their regular custom- 
ers to furnish them butter, to wliom they furnisli the right kind of 
salt, as the rock, or crystal salt does not contain so much lime as the 
common, which is evaporated by artificial heat. Let sugar, and salt- 



32 Dr, Chasers Recipes, 

petre, and all other -peters^ alone, if you wish good butter, either for 
present use or long keeping. 

2. Making— Directions for Dairymen.— If butter makers or 
dairymen, will use only shallow pans for their milk — and the larger 
the surface, and the less the depth of the milk the better— then put 
into each pan, before straining, 1 qt. of cold spring water to every 
three quarts of milk, they will find the cream will begin to rise 
immediately, and skim every twelve hours, the butter will be free 
from all strong taste arising from leaves, or coarse pasturage. 

It is a fact, also, that high or upland makes better butter than when 
the cows are kept on rich bottom pasturage. The object of the cold 
water is double; it cools the milk, so that the cream rises before the 
milk sours, (for when milk becomes sour it furnishes no more cream,) 
and also improves the flavor. 

3. Storing— The (Illinois) Prairie Farmer's Method.— First, 
work the buttermilk carefully from the butter; then pack it closely in 
jars, laying a thin cloth on top of the butter, then a thin layer of salt 
upon tlie cloth ; now have a dry cellar, or make it so by draining, and 
dig a hole in the bottom of it for each jar, packing the dirt closely and 
tightly around the jar, allowing the tops of the jars to stand only an 
inch or so above the top of the cellar bottom ; now place a board with 
a weight upon each jar to prevent removing by accident, and all is 
safe. 

Merchants who are buying in butter, should keep each different 
lot separate by using tho thin cloth and salt, then another cloth over 
the salt before putting in another lot, for mixed butter will soon spoil, 
besides not selling as well, and finally cover the top as before 
described. If kegs or barrels are used, the outside must be as well 
painted as possible to prevent outside tastes, and also to preserve the 
wood. 

FRUITS TO KEEP— Without Loss of Color or Flavor.— To each 
pound of resin, put in one oz. of tallow, and 1 oz. of beeswax. Melt 
them slowly over the fire in an iron kettle, and be careful and not let 
it boil. Take the fruit separately and rub it over with whiting or fine 
chalk (to prevent the coating from adhering to the fruit,) then dip into 
the solution once and hold it up a moment to set the coating; then 
pack awrv carefully in barrels or boxes in a cool place. Wlien you 
dip orangjs or lemons, loop a thread around to hold them; for pears 
or apples insert a poiuted stick to hold them by; then cut it off with a 
pair of sharp, heavy shears. Oranges or lemons cannot be put in 
boxes, but must be placed on shelves, as the accumulated weigiit would 
mash them down. 

It is now a well-established fact that articles put up scientifically 
air tight, may be kept fresh and fair for any length of time, or until 
wanted for use. This composition makes good sealing for air-tight 



Merchants' and Grocers' Department, 33 

cans or bottles, pouring it around tlie top of the can cover, and dipping 
the neck of the bottle into it. A patent has been secured for a compo- 
sition for preserving fruit, of different proportions, however, from the 
foregoing, but the agent, at the Ohio State Fair in 1859, had such poor 
success at selling rights at three dollars that he reduced the price to 
twenty-five cents, and still but few would take hold of it, so that I 
think that not much more will be done with the patent. I purchased 
twenty recipes for one dollar, but finding his composition to stick 
together and tear off pieces wherever they touched each other, I went 
to work to improve it as above. The patented proportions are, resin, 
5 lbs.; lard or tallow, 8 oz., beeswax, 4 oz. The patentee is John K. 
Jenkins, of Wyoming, Pa., and the patent was issued December 8, 
1858. It does not work well on peaches or other juicy garden fruits. 

EGrGS — To Preserve for Winter Use. — For every three gallons of 
water, put in one pt. of fresh slaked lime, and common salt, %. Pt- \ 
mix well, and let the barrel be about half full of this fluid, then with 
a dish let down your fresh eggs into it, tipping the dish after it fills 
with water, so they roll out without cracking the shell, for if the shell 
is cracked the <i%% will spoil. 

If fresh eggs are put in, fresh eggs will come out, as I have seen 
men who have kept them two, and even four years, at sea. A piece 
of board may be laid across the top of the eggs, and a little lime and 
salt kept upon it, which keeps the fluid as strong at the top as at the 
bottom. This will not fail you. They must always be kept covered 
with the brine. Families in towns and cities by this plan can have 
eggs for winter use at summer prices. I have put up forty dozen with 
entire success 

The plan of preserving eggs has undoubtedly come from a patent 
secured by a gentleman in England in 1791, Jaynes, of Sheffield, 
Yorkshire, which is as follows: 

2. English Patented Method.— "Put into a tub 1 bu., Winches- 
ter measure, of quick lime, (which is fresh slaked lime,) salt, 32 oz. ; 
cream-of -tartar, 8 oz. Use as much water as will give that consistency 
to the composition as will cause an ^%g to swim with its top just above 
the liquid. Then put and keep the eggs therein, which will preserve 
them perfectly sound at least 2 years." 

Persons who think it more safe can follow this English plan. I 
desire in all cases to give all the information I have on each subject. 
Consequent!}^ I give you the following also: 

3. J. W. Cooper, M. D.'s, Method of Keeping and Shipping 
Game Eggs. — " Dissolve some gum shellac in a sufficient quantity of 
alcohol to make a thin varnish, give each %g^ a coat, and after they 
become thoroughly dry, pack them in bran or sawdust, with their 
points downwards, in such a manner that they cannot shift about. 
After you have kept them as long as you desire, wash the varnish 



34 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

carefully off, and they wi]l be in the same state as they were before 
packing, ready for eating or hatching." 

This would seem to be from good authority, as Dr. Cooper has 
been engaged for the last thirty years in raising nothing but the best 
game fowls, and he has frequently imported eggs. He invariably 
directed them to be paclved as above, and always had good success with 
them, notwithstanding the time and distance of the journey. He has 
also published a work npon Game Fowls. His address is Media, 
Delaware Co., Pa. 

This last plan would be a little more troublesome, but still would 
not be very much to prepare all that families would wish to use 
througli the winter, or even for the retailer; as the convenience of 
having them in condition to ship would be one inducement to use the 
last metliod, for with the first they must be taken out and packed in 
oats or sometliing of that sort, to ship; with the last they are always 
ready, and weather permitting, about Christmas or New Year's, fresh 
and good eggs in cities always command sutlicient price to pay for all 
trouble and expense in the preservation and shipment. 

The Sex of Eggs.— Mr. Qenin lately addressed the Academy 
des Sciences, France, on the subject of the sex of eggs. . He affirms 
that he is now able, after having studied the subject for upwards of 
three years, to state with assurance that the eggs containing the germ 
of males, have wrinkles on their smaller ends, while female eggs are 
smooth at the extremities. 

While on the subject of eggs, you will excuse me for putting in 
a couple of items more which appropriately belong to other depart- 
ments : 

4. To Increase the Laying. — "For several years past I have 
spent a few weeks of the latter part of August on the Kennebec River, 
in Maine. The lady with whom I have stopped is a highly accom- 
plished and intelligent house-wife. She supports a "hennery," and 
from her I derived my information in the matter. She told me that 
for many years she had been in the habit of administering to her 
hens, with their common food: 

"Cayenne pepper, pulverized, at the rate of 1 tea-spoon each al- 
ternate day to one doz. fowls. 

" Last season, when I was with her, each morning she brought in 
from twelve to fourteen eggs, having but sixteen hens in all. She 
again and again experimented in the matter by omitting to feed with 
the cayenne for two or three days. The consequence invarably 
was that the product of eggs fell off five or six per day. The 
same effect of using the cayenne is produced in winter as in summer. 
— Boston Transcript. 

5. To Fry— Extra Nice.— Three eggs; flour, 1 table spoon; milk 
1 cup. 



Mercha7its' and Gfocers' Department. 35 

Beat the eggs and flour together, then stir in the milk. Have a 
skillet with a proper amount of butter in it, made hot, for frying this 
mixture; then pour it in, and when one side is done brown, turn it 
over, cooking rather slowly ; if a larger quantity is needed, it will 
require a little salt stirred in, but for this amount the salt in the but- 
ter in which you fry it seasons it very nicely. 

BURNING FLUID— Best in Use .—Alcohol, of 98 percent., 9pts.; 
good camphene, 1 qt., or in these proportions. Shake briskly, and it 
will at once become clear, when without the shaking it would take 6 
to 7 qts. of alcohol to cut the camphene. while with the least it is the 
best. 

These proportions make the best burning fluid which can be 
combined. Many put in camphor gum, alum, &c., the first to improve 
its burning qualities, the last to prevent explosion, but they are 
perfectly useless for either, from the fact that camphor adds to the 
smoking properties, and nothing can prevent the gas arising from any 
fluid that Avill burn, from explosion, if the fire gets to it when it is 
confined. The only safety is in filling lamps in day time, or far from 
fire or lights; and also to have lamps which are perfect in their 
construction, so that no gas may leak out along the tube, or at the 
top of the lamp; then let who will say he can sell you a recipe for 
non-explosive gas or fluid, you may set him down at once for a 
humbug, ignoramus, or knave. Yet you may set fire to this fluid, and 
if not confined it will not explode, but will continue to burn until all 
is consumed. Families cannot make fluid anj'- cheaper than to buy it, 
as the profit charged on the alcohol is usually more than that charged 
on fluid ; but they will have a better article by this recipe than thej^ 
can buy, unless it is made from the same, and it is best for any one, even 
the retailer, only to make small quantities at a time, and get the 
freshest camphene possible. When made in larger quantities, even a 
barrel, unless sold out very soon, the last part is not as good as the 
first, owing to the separation of the camphene from the alcohol, unless 
frequently shaken, whilst being retailed out. 

INTEREST.— Computing by One Multiplication and One Divis- 
ion, at any Rate Per Cent.— Multiply the amount by the number of 
days, (counting 30 days to each month.) 

Divided by 60 gives the interest at 6 per cent, 
do 45 " " 8 " 

do 40 '* " 9 " 

do 36 " " 10 *' 

do 30 " " 13 " 

Example. — $150 at 3 months and 10 days, or 100 days, is 15,000, 
divided by 60 gives $2.50, which is the interest at 6 per cent.; or 
divided by 45 gives $3.33 interest at 8 per cent, «&c. 

I sold a gentlemen, a miller, one of my books the second time, as 



36 Dr. Chase* s Recipes. 

some person stole the first before he became familiar with the fore- 
going rules, which he admired too much to lose. 

2. Method by a Single Multiplication — Rule. — To find the 
interest on any given sum of money for any number of years, months 
or days. Reduce the years to months, add in the months, if any, take 
one-third of the days and set to the right of the months, in decimal 
form, multiply this result by one-half the principal, and you have the 
interest required. 

Example. — The interest required on $1,400 for 2 years, 3 
months, and 9 days: 

Interest on $1,400 for 2 years, 3 months and 9 days. 

27.3 
700 



Answer required, $191.10.0 

The above example is at six per cent. R ule to obtain the interest 
at any other rate: For seven per cent, increase the interest at six per 
cent, by one-sixth, for eight per cent, by one-third, for nine per cent, 
by one-half, for ten per cent, by two-thirds, for eleven per cent, by 
five-sixths, for twelve per cent, multiply by two. Twelve per cent, 
is the highest rate of interest allowed by any State, except Minne- 
sota, which, I believe, allows fifteen per cent. 

In pointing off, persons will observe to point off as many figures 
in the product or answer as there are decimal points in the multipli- 
cand. The balance, or remainder, shows you the dollars and cents. 

COUNTERFEIT MONEY— Seven Rules for Detecting.— First.— 
Examine the form and features of all human figures on the notes. If 
the forms are graceful, and features distinct, examine the drapery — 
see if the folds lie natural; and the hair of the head should be 
observed, and see if the fine strands can be seen. 

Second. — Examine the lettering, the title of the bank, or the 
round handwriting on the face of the note. On all genuine bills, the 
work is done with great skill and perfectness, and there has never 
been a counterfeit but was defective in the lettering. 

Third. — The imprint, or engraver's name. By observing the 
great perfection of the difterent company names, in the evenness and 
shape of the fine letters, counterfeiters never get the imprint perfect. 
This rule alone, if strictly observed, will detect every counterfeit note 
in existence. 

Fourth.— The shading in the back-ground of the vignette, or over 
or around the letters forming the name of the bank, on a good bill is 
even and perfect, on a counterfeit is irregular and imperfect. 

Fifth. — Examine well the figures on the other parts of the note, 
containing the denomination, also the letters. Examine well the die 
work around the figures which stand for the denomination, to see if it 



Merchants' and Grocers' Department. 37 

is of the same character as that which forms tlie ornamental work 
surrounding it. 

Sixth. — !N'ever take a bill that is deficient in any of the above 
points, and if your impression is bad when you first see it, you had 
better be careful how you become convinced to change your mind — 
whether your opinion is not altered as you become confused in looking 
into the texture of the workmanship of the bill. 

SEVENTH-r-Examine the name of the State, name of the bank, 
and name of the town where it is located. If it has been altered from 
a broken bank, the defects can i)lainly be seen, as the alteration will 
show that it has been stamped on. 

INKS— Black Copying or Writing Fluid.— Rain water, 2 gals. ; 
gum arable, J^ lb.; brown sugar, J^ lb.; clean copperas, ^Ib,; pow- 
dered nutgalls, ^^ lb. ; bruise all, and mix, shaking occasionalh'for 10 
days, and strain; if needed sooner, let it steep in an iron kettle until 
the strength is obtained. 

This ink can be depended upon for deeds and records which you 
may wish some one to read hundreds of years to come. Oxalic acid 
one-fourth oz. was formerly put in, but since the use of steel pens it 
does not work well on them. If not used as a copying ink, one- 
fourth the gum or sugar is sufficient, as it flows more freely without 
them. 

2. Common Black. — Logwood chips, 1 lb. ; boil in \% gals, of 
water until reduced to 2 qts. ; pour ofi", and repeat the boiling again as 
before; mix the two waters, 1 gal. in all; then add bi-chromate of 
potash, 3^ oz. ; prussiate of potash, J^ oz. ; prussiate of iron, (prussian 
blue) 3^ oz. ; boil again about five minutes, and strain and bottle for 
use. 

Ton will find none of the gumminess about this ink that is found 
in that made from tlie extract of logwood ; yet it is not presumed that 
this will be as durable as the gall inks, for deeds, records, &c„ &c., 
but for schools and common use it is as good as the most costly inks. 
This copy was prepared with it, which was made two years ago. 

3. Red— The Yery Best. — Take an ounce vial and put into it a 
tea-spoon of aqua ammonia, gum arabic the size of 2 peas, and 6 grs. 
No. 40 carmine, and 5 grs. No. 6 or 8 carmine also; fill up with soft 
water and it is soon ready for use. 

This forms a beautiful ruling ink. I sold the book in Pike County 
Bank, 111., from the fact that this ink was so much better than what 
they coidd get of any other make. Speaking of banks makes me 
think of what a gentleman of Michigan City, Ind., told me about a 
black ink for banking purposes which would never fade, composed of 
two articles only: 

Iron or steel filings and simple rain water, exposing it to the sun 



38 Dr. Chase's Recipes, 

for a good length of time; pale when first written with, but becoming 
very black. 

I have never thonglit to try it, but now mention it, for it might be 
good, and lost to the world, unless now thrown to the public. 

4. Blue. — Take sulphate of indigo and put it into water until 
you get the desired depth of color; that sold in little boxes for 
bluing clothes is the article desired. 

This does well for school children, or any writing not of impor- 
tance to keep; but for book-keeping it is not good, as the heat of a 
safe in a burning building fades away the color. 

5. Indelible. — Nitrate of silver, 11 grs. ; dissolve it in 30 grs., 
(or about a tea-spoon) of water of ammonia; in 85 grs. (or23>^ tea- 
spoons) of rain water, dissolve 20 grs. of gum arabic. When the gum 
is dissolved put in the same vial also 22 grs. of carbonate of soda, 
(sal-soda.) When all is well dissolved, mix both vials, or their 
contents, and place the vial containing the mixture in a basin of 
water, and boil for several minutes, or until a black compound is the 
result. "When cold it is ready for use. Have the linen or other goods 
starched and ironed, and perfectly dry; then write with a quill pen. 

If twice the amount is made at a time it will not cost any more, 
as the expense is only from tlie trouble of weighing, so little is used 
of the materials. Soft soap and boiling cannot efface it, nor years of 
wear. Use onlj'' glass vessels. 

6. Powder — Black. — Sulphate of copper, 1 dr. ; gum arabic, J^ 
oz.; copperas 1 07. ; nutgalls and extract of logwood 4 ozs. each; all 
to be pulverized and evenly mixed. — Scientific American. 

About one oz. of the mixture will be required to each pint of 
boiling water used. It will be found a valuable color for boot, shoe 
or harness-edge, also. It should stand a couple of weeks before using, 
or it nvAj be steeped a few hours if needed sooner. 

HONEYS.— Artificial Cuba Honey.— Good brown sugar, 10 lbs.; 
water, 1 qt. ; old bee-bread honey in the comb, 2 lbs. ; cream of tartar, 

1 tea-spoon; gum-arabic, 1 oz.; oil of peppermint, 3 drops; oil of rose, 

2 drops. Mix and boil 2 or 3 minutes, and have ready 1 qt. more of 
water in which an ^gg is put Avell beat up; pour it in, and as it begins 
to boil, skim well, remove from the Are, and when a little cool, add 2 
lbs. of nice bees' honey, and strain. 

This is really a nice article, looking and tasting like honey. It 
has been shipped in large quantities luider the name of "Cuba Honey." 
It will keep any length of time as nice and fresh as when first made, 
if sealed up. Some persons use a table-spoon of slippery elm bark in 
this amount, but it will ferment in warm weather, and rise to the top, 
requiring to be skimmed off. If it is to be used only for eating 
piu'poses, the cream -of-tartar and gum-arabic may be left out, also the 
old bee-bread honey, substituting for it another pound of nice honey. 



Merchants' and Grocers' Department, 39 

2. Domestic Honey. — Coffee sujrar, 10 lbs. ; water, 3 lbs. ; cream- 
of-taitar, 2 ozs. ; strong vinegar, 2 table-spoons; the white of one ^%% 
well beaten; bees' honey, j^lb. ; Lubin's extract of honeysuckle, 10 
drops. 

First put the sugar and water into a suitable kettle and place upon 
the lire; and when luke-warni stir in the cream-of-tartar, and vine- 
gar; then continue to add the ^%g\ and when the sugar is nearly 
melted put in the honey and stir until it comes to a boil, take it off, let 
It stand a few minutes, then strain, adding the extract of honeysuckle 
last, let stand over uight, and it is ready for use. This resembles 
candied honey, and is a nice thing. 

3. Excellent Honey. — An article suitable for every-day use is 
made as follows: 

Good common sugar, 5 lbs.; water, 1 qt. ; gradually bring it to a 
boil, skimming well; when cool, add 1 lb. bees' honey and 4 drops of 
peppermint essence. 

If you desire a better article, use white sugar and one-half 
pint less water and one-half pound more honey. If it is desired to 
give it the ropy appearance of bees' honey, put into tlie water one- 
fourth ounce of alum. 

4. Premium Honey. — Common sugar, 4 lbs. ; water, 1 pt. ; let 
them come to a boil, and skim; then add pulverized alum, 14 ^^-i 
remove from the lire and stir in cream-of-tartar, 3^ oz. ; and water or 
extract of rose, 1 table-spoon, and it is fit for use. 

This took the premium at the Ohio State Fair. We use the recipes 
for common sugar and the one using Lubin's extract of honeysuckle, 
and desire nothing better, 

JELLIES. — Witliont Fruit. — Take water, 1 pt., and add to it 
pulverized alum, ^^ oz,, and boil a minute or two; then add 4 lbs. of 
white crushed or coffee sugar, continue the boiling a little, strain while 
hot ; and when cold put in half of a two shilling bottle of extract of 
vanilla, strawberry, or lemon, or any other flavor you desire for jelly. 

This will make a jelly so much resembling that made from the 
juice of the fruit that any one will be astonished, and when fruit can 
not be got, it will take its place admirably. I have had neighbors eat 
of it and be perfectly astonished at its beauty and palatableness. 

BAKING POWDERS.— Without Drugs Baking soda, 6 ozs,; 

cream-of-tartar, 8 ozs,; first dry them from all dampness by putting 
them on a paper and placing them in the oven for a short time, then 
mix and keep dry, in bottles or boxes. 

The proper amount of this will be about one tea-spoon to each 
quart of flour being baked. Mix with cold water, and bake immediate 
ly. This contains none of the drugs generally used for baking pow- 
ders ; it is easy made, and does not cost over half as much as to buy them 
already made. This makes biscuit very nice without milk or shorten- 



40 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

ing. Yet if milk is used, of course it would be that much richer. The 
main object of baking powders is for those who are " keeping batch," 
as it is called, or for those who are far from civilized conveniences, and 
for those who prefer this kind of bread or biscuit to that raised with 
yeast or sour milk and saleratus. I stand among the latter class. 

MOUTH GLUE.— For Torn Paper, Notes, &c.— Any quantity of 
glue may be used, with sugar, only half as much as of the glue. 

First dissolve the glue in water, and carefully evaporate as much 
of the water as you can without burning the glue; then add the sugar; 
if desired to have a very nice article, use gelatine in place of the glue, 
and treat in the same manner; when the sugar is dissolved in the glue 
pour it into moulds or a pan and cut it into squares, for convenience, 
before it gets too hard. This dissolves very quickly by placing the 
edge of a piece in the mouth, and is not unpleasant to the taste, and is 
very handy for office or house use. Use to stick together torn bills, 
paper, etc., by softening the edge of a piece, as above, then touching 
the parts therewith and pressing together for a moment only. 



SALOON DEPARTMENT. 



EEMARKS. — If saloon keepers and grocers, who deal in wine, 
beer, cider, etc., 'vvill follow our directions here, and make some of the 
following articles, they, and their customers, will be better pleased 
than by purchasing the spurious articles of the day; and families will 
find them equally applicable to their own use. And although we start 
with an artificial cider, yet it is as healthy, and is more properly a 
small beer, which it should be called, but from its close resemblance 
to cider, in taste, it has been so named. 

CIDERS. — Artificial, or Cider Without Apples. — To cold water, 
1 gal., put dark brown sugar, 1 lb. ; tartaric acid, 3^ oz. ; yeast, 3 table- 
spoons, and keep these proportions for any amount desired to make; 
shake it well together. Make it in the evening and it will be fit for 
use the next day. 

I make in a keg a few gallons at a time, leaving a few quarts to 
make into next time — not using yeast again until the keg needs rinsing. 
If it gets a little sour make more into it. In hot weather draw in a 
pitcher with ice ; or if your sales are slow, bottle it and keep in a cool 
cellar according to the next recipe. 

2. To Bottle.— If it is desired to bottle this artificial cider by 
manufacturers of small drinks, you will proceed as follows: 

Put into a barrel hot water, 5 gals. ; brown sugar, 30 lbs. ; tartaric 
acid, % lb.; cold water, 25 gals.; hop or brewers' yeast, 3 pts. ; work 
the yeast into a paste with flour, ^ lb. ; shake or stir all well together; 
fill the barrel full, and let it work 24 to 48 hours; or until the yeast is 
done working out at the bung, by having put in a little sweetened 
water occasionally to keep the barrel full. 

"When it has worked clear, bottle, putting in two or three broken 
raisins to each bottle, and it will nearly equal champagne. Let the 
bottles lie in a cool place on the side — (observe also' this plan of laying 
the bottles upon the side, in putting away apple cider or wine) — but if 
it is only for your own retail trade, you can make as follows in the next 
recipe, and have it keep until a barrel is retailed. The first recipe will 
last only three or four days in hot weather, and about two weeks iu 
winter. 



42 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

3. In Barrels for Lon^ Keeping.— If retailers wish to keep this 
cider with the least possible loss of time, or families for their own 
drink or for the harvest field, proceed as follows: 

Place in a keg or barrel, cold water, 20 gals., brown sugar, 15 lbs. 
and tartaric acid, 3^ lb. only, not using any yeast, but if you have 
them, put in 2 or 3 lbs. dried sour apples, or boil them and pour in the 
expressed juice; without the yeast it will keep, in a cool cellar, for 
several weeks, even in summer. The darker the sugar the more 
natural will be the color of the cider. 

Dr. O. B. Reed, of Belle Eiver, Mich., with whom I read medicine, 
drank freely, while sick with bilious fever, knowing its composition, 
and recommended it to his patients as soon as he got out amongst them 
again, as a drink that would allay thirst, with the least amount of 
fluid, of anything with whicli he was acquainted. But some will 
prefer Prof. Hufeland's drink for Fever Patients, which see. 

4. Apple Cider, to Keep Sweet, with but Trifling Expense. — 
Two tilings are absolutely necessary to preserve cider in a palatable 
state for any considerable time; that is, to clear it of pomace, and 
then to keep it in a cool place, and the cooler the place the better. 
And then if kept air-tight, by bottling, it is also better, but farmers 
cannot take the time nor expense of bottling. Some persons leach 
it through charcoal, and others boil, or rather scald and skim, to get 
clear of the pomace. In the lirst place, cider that is designed to keep 
over winter, should be made from ripe, sounds sou?' apples only, and 
consequently it will be getting cool weather, and less likely to ferment. 
Then when made : 

Stand in open casks or barrels, and put into each barrel about 1 
pt. each of hickory, (if you have them; if not, other hard wood,) 
ashes and fresh slaked lime; stir the ashes and lime first into 1 qt. of 
new milk; then stir into the cider. It will cause all the i^omace to 
rise to the surface, from which you can skim it as it rises, or you can 
let it remain about 10 hours, then draw off by a faucet near the bot- 
tom, through a strainer, to avoid the hardened pomace. 

It is now ready for bottling, or barreling, if too much trouble to 
bottle. If 3'ou barrel it, it has been found essential to sulphur the 
barrel. The sulphuring is done by dipping cotton cloth into melted 
sulphur, and drying it; then cutting into strips about two by six 
inches. Put about three gallons of cider into the barrel; fire one end 
of the strip of the sulphured cloth, and introduce it into the bung- 
hole, and hold it by means of the bung, giving it air sufficient to let it 
burn, keeping the smoke in as it burns, when you will push the bung 
in tight and shake the barrel until the sulphur-gas is absorbed into the 
cider; then fill up the barrel with cider, and if not already in the cel- 
lar, place it there, and you have accomplished the two points first 
epoken of. If the above plan is too much labor, get oil barrels, if 



Saloon Department. 43 

possible, to keep j^our cider in, (as vinegar can scarcely be made in an 
oil barrel,) the oil coming out a little and forming an air-tight coat on 
the top of the cider in the barrel; or, 

5. Make your cider late in the fall, and when made, put into 
each barrel, immediately, ground mustard, 3^ lb,; salt, 2 oz.; pulver- 
ized chalk, 2 oz ; stir them up in a little of the cider, then pour into 
the barrel, and shake well. 

I have drank cider, kept in this way, in August, which was made 
in early spring; it was very nice. 

6. I have had cider keep very nice, also, by keeping in a cool 
cellar, and jiutting into each barrel: 

Mustard seed, 2 oz. ; allspice, 2 oz.; sweet oil, }4. Pt-, and alcohol, 
1 pt. only. 

Always ship your cider, if you have cider to ship, late in the fall, 
or early in spring, for if taken out of a cool cellar in hot weather it is 
sure to start fermentation. If wanted for medicine, proceed as in the 
following recipe: 

7o To Prepare for Medicine.— To each barrel of cider just 
pressed from ripe, sour apples, not watered: 

Take mustard seed, unground, 1 lb.; isinglass, 1 oz. ; alum, pul- 
verized, 1 oz. ; put all into tlie barrel, leave the bung out, and shake 
or stir once a day for four days, then take new milk, 1 qt., and half a 
dozen eggs, beat well together, and put them into the cider and stir 
or shake again, as before, for 2 days; then let it settle until you see 
that it is clear, and draw off by a faucet. 

And if you wish to use in place of wine, in medicine, put it into 
bottles; but if designed foi family use, you can barrel it, bunging it 
tight, and keep cool, of course, and you will have a 'eery nice article, 
if tlie cider was not made too near a well, or running stream of water; 
but it is found that if made too near these, the cider does not keep. 
Judge ye why? 

In some parts of England, by using only ripe, sound apples, let- 
ting it work clear, racking off about twice, bottling, etc., etc., cider 
is kept from twenty to thirty years. When cider is drawn off and 
bottled, it should not be corked until the next day after tilling the 
bottles, as many of them will burst. Then lay on the side. 

SYRUPS.— To Make the Various Colors.— Powder cochineal, 1 
oz. ; soft water, 1 pt. ; boil the cochineal in the water for a few min- 
utes, using a copper kettle; while boiling, add 30 grs. of powdered 
alum, and 1 dr. of cream-of-tartar; when the coloring matter is all 
out of the cochineal, remove it from the fire, and when a little cool, 
strain, bottle and set aside for use. 

This gives a beautiful red, and is used in the strawberry syrups 
only. Colored rather deep in shade. Pine apple is left without color. 
Wintergreen is colored with tincture of camwood, (not deep.) Lemoia. 



44 D^' Chase' s Recipes. 

and ginger with tincture of turmeric. See "Tinctures." The two last 
named syrups are not colored high — a light shade only. 

2. Artificial, Various Flavors. — The ground- work of all syrups 
ought to be the same, i. e., simple syrup; to make it, take 23^ lbs. of 
the best coffee sugar, which is found not to crystalize, and water, 1 
pt., or what is the same, 60 lbs. sugar, water, 3 gals. 

Dissolve the sugar in the water by hoiit, removing any scum that 
forms upon it, and strain while not. This can be kept in a barrel or 
keg, and is always ready to flavor, as desired. 

3. Raspberry — Is made as follows: 

Take orris root, bruised, any quantity, say 3^ lb., and just hand- 
somely cover it with dilute alcohol, (76 per cent, alcohol, and water, 
equal quantities,) so that it cannot be made any stronger of the root. 

This is called the '" Saturated Tincture," and use sufficient of this 
tincture to give the desired or natural taste of the raspberry, from 
which it cauiiot be distinguished. 

4. Strawberry — Flavor is as follows: 

The saturated tincture of orris, as above, 2 ozs., acetic ether, 2 
drs. ; mix, and use sufficient to give the desired flavor — a very little 
only is required, in either case. 

5. Pine Apple — Flavor is made by using, to suit the taste, of 
butyric-ether. If persons have any doubt of these facts, simply try 
them. Some think syrups even for fountains, charged with carbonic 
acid gas, that it is best to use about three-fourths oz. of tartaric acid 
to each gallon, but I prefer none unless the fountain is charged with 
the super-carbonate of soda, in which case it is necessary to use about 
three-fourths oz. of the acid to each pound of sugar. See "Soda 
Syrups." 

This above plan, for making simple syrup, is the true way of 
making all syrups; but some people think they must use more water, 
that the syrup may be cheaper. Others will object to using artiticial 
flavors. Oh ! they say: " I buy the genuine article." Then, just allow 
me to say, don't buy the syrups nor the extracts, for ninety-nine hun- 
dredths of them are not made from the fruit, but are artificial. 
Rather make your own, as given under the head of " Jams and Ex- 
tracts." For the more watery syrups, see " Soda Syrups." 

6. Sarsaparilla— Is very nice as follows: 

Simple sja'up, as above, and nice golden syrup, equal quantities of 
each, and mix well; then use a few drops of oils of wintergreen and 
sassafras to each bottle, as used. 

The amounts for the desired flavors cannot be given exactly to 
suit every one, but all will wish different flavors, in some towns using 
very high flavor, and in others sufficient to perceive it merely. All 
will soon get a plan of their own, and like it better than that of oth- 



Saloon Depart7nent. 45 

ers. This mixture of golden syrup makes the sarsaparilla a beautiful 
dark color without other colorinof. 

7. Lemon Syrup, Common.— Was formerlj^ made by dissolving 
four pounds of crushed sugar in one quart of water, by boiling, and 
adding three ounces of tartaric acid and flavoring with the oil of 
lemon; but it is best made as follows: 

Cotfee sugar, 3 lbs. ; water, \% pts. ; dissolve by gentle heat, and 
add citric acid, 3 ozs., and flavor with oil or extract of lemon. See 
'* Extracts." 

§. Or a very nice lemon syrup is made as follows: Take citric 
acid in powder, 3^ oz. ; oil of lemon, 4 drops; simple syrup, 1 qt. 

Rub the acid and oil in three or four spoons of the syrup, then 
add the mixture to the remainder, and dissolve with gentle heat. 
Citric acid is not as likely to cause inflammation of the stomach as the 
tartaric, hence, its better adaptation to syrups calculated for drinks, 
and especially in disease. 

9. Lemon Syrup— To Save the Loss of Lemons.— Where you 
have lemons that are spoiling or drying up, take the insldes which are 
yet sound, squeeze out the juice, and to each pint put Vy^ lbs. white 
sugar, and a little of the peel; boil a few minutes, strain and cork for 
use. 

This will not require any acid, and one-half tea-spoon of soda to 
three-fourths of a glass of water, with two or three table-spoons of 
syrup, makes a foaming glass. Some persons think they ought to put 
in water, but if water is added the syrup will not keep as well, and 
takes more of it. 

10. Soda Syrup, With or Without Fountains.— The common or 
more watery syrups are made by using loaf or crushed sugar, 8 lbs. ; 
pure water, 1 gal.; gum arable, 2 ozs.; mix in a brass or copper ket- 
tle; boil until the gum is dissolved, then skim and strain through 
white flannel, after which add tartaric acid, h% ozs., dissolved in hot 
water; to flavor, use extract of lemon, orange, rose, pine-apple, peach, 
sarsaparilla, strawberry, etc, 1^ oz. to each bottle, or to your taste. 

Now use two or three table-spoons of the syrup to three-fourths 
of a tumbler of water and one-half tea-spoon of super-carbonate of 
soda, made fine; stir well and be ready to drink, or use the soda in 
water as mentioned in the " Imperial Cream N'ectar;" the gum arable, 
however, holds the carbonic acid so it will not fly off as rapidly as 
common soda. The above is to be used witliout fountains, that is, to 
make it up as used, in glasses, or for the cheaper fountains which 
have an ounce of super-carbonate of soda to the gallon of water; but 
for the fountains which are charged, in the cities, with carbonic acid 
gas, no acids are used in the syrups. 

11. Cream Soda, Using Cow's Cream, for Fountains.— ll^ice loaf 
sugar, 5 lbs.; sweet rich cream, Iqt.; water, 1% gills; warm gradu- 



46 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

ually so as not to burn; extract of vanilla, % oz. ; extract of nutmeg, 
Moz. 

Just bring to a boiling beat, for if you cook it any length of time 
it will crystalize; use four or five spoons of this syrup instead of three 
as in other syrups. If used without a fountain, tartaric acid one- 
quarter pound is added. The tendency of this syrup is to sour rather 
quicker than other syrups, but it is very nice while it lasts; and if only 
made in small quantities and kept cool, it more than pays for the 
trouble of making often. 

12. Cream Soda, Without a Fountain.— Coifee sugar, 4 lbs.; 
water, 3 pts.; nutmegs, grated, 3 in number; whites of 10 eggs, well 
beaten; gum arable, 1 oz. ; oil of lemon, 20 drops, or extract equal to 
that amount. By using oils of other fruits you can make as many 
flavors from this as you desire, or prefer. 

Mix all and place over a gentle fire, and stir well about thirty 
minutes; remove from the fire, strain, and divide into two parts; into 
one-half put super-carbonate of soda, eight ounces; and into the 
other half put six ounces tartaric acid; shake well, and when cold 
they are ready to use, by pouring three or four spoons, from both 
parts, into separate glasses which are one-third full of cool water; stir 
each and pour together, and you have as nice a glass of cream soda as 
was ever drank, which can also be drank at your leisure, as the gum 
and eggs hold the gas. 

13, Soda Water, Without a Machine for Bottling.— Tn each gal- 
lon of water to be used, carefully dissolve )^ lb. of crushed sugar, and 
1 oz. of super-carbonate of soda; then fill half-pint bottles with this 
water, have your corks ready, now drop into each bottle i^ dr. of cit- 
ric acid in crystals, and immediately cork and tie down. 

These bottles must be handled carefully without shaking, and 
keep cool, until needed ; a little more or less sugar can be used, to suit 
the taste of difierent persons. 

OYSTER SOUP.— To each dozen or dish of oysters put i^ pt. of 
water; milk, 1 gill; butter, % oz. ; powdered crackers to thicken. 
Bring the oysters and water to a boil, then add the other ingredients 
previously mixed together, and boil from 3 to 5 minutes only. 

Each one will choose to add salt, pepper, etc., to their own taste. 
Keep about these proportions if you should have to cook for an oyster 
supper, for parties, etc. 

TRIPE.— To Prepare and Pickle.— First sew it up, after it is 
turned inside out; be careful to sew it up tight, that no lime gets into 
it ; now have a tub of lime-water, the consistency of good thick white- 
wash ; let it remain in from 10 to 20 minutes, or until when you take 
hold of it, the dark outside skin will come off; then put it into clean 
water, changing three or four times to weaken the lime, that the hands 
be not injured by it; then with a dull knife scrape off all of the dark 



Saloon Department. 47 

surface, and continue to soak and scrape several times, which removes 
all offensive substances and smell. After this, let it soak 20 or 30 
minutes in 2 or 3 hot waters, scraping over each time; tlien pickle in 
salt and water 12 hours, and it is ready for cookin^^; boil from 3 to 4 
hours, cut in strips to suit, and put it into nice vinegar, with the 
various spices, as desired; renew the vinegar at the expiration of 1 
Aveek, is all that will be required further. 

Many persons stick up their nose when tripe is spoken of ; but, if 
nicely prepared, I prefer it to any dish furnished by the beef. 

MOLASSES CANDY AND POP-CORN BALLS— Candy.— Equal 
quantities of brown sugar and molasses, and put them into a suitable 
kettle — copper is the best — and when it begins to boil, skim it well, and 
strain it, or else pour it through a fine wire sieve to free it of slivers 
and sticks which are often found in the sugar; then return it to the 
kettle and continue to boil, until, when you have dipped your hand 
in cold water and passed one or two fingers through the boiling candy 
and immediately back to the cold water, what adheres, when cold, will 
crush like dry egg-shells, and does not adhere to the teeth when 
bitten. When done, pour it on a stone or platter which has been 
greased, and as it gets cool begin to throw up the edges and work it 
by pulling on a hook or by the hand, until bright and glistening like 
gold; the hands should have a little flour on them occasionally; now 
keep the mass by a warm stove, (if much is made at one time,) and 
draw it into stick size, occasionally rolling them to keep round, until 
all is pulled out and cold; then with shears clip a little upon them, at 
proper lengths for the sticks, and they will snap quickly while yet the 
stick will bend ; no color, no butter, no lard or flavor is used or need 
be, yet any oil can be used for flavoring, if desired, when poured out 
to cool. 

Sugar left in molasses barrels works very nicelj'' in this prepara- 
tion. Pulverized white sugar sprinkled amongst it will prevent it 
from sticking together. 

2. Candy Perfectly White. — If it is desired to have candy that 
is perfectly white, proceed as follows : 

Best coftee sugar, 23^ lbs. ; the nicest syrup, Vy^ pts. ; boil very 
carefully, until when tried as above, it crisps like egg-shells, or flies 
like glass; then draw and work upon the hook until verj'- white. 

3. Molasses Candy Without Sug'ar. — Porto Eico molasses, boiled 
and worked as above, has a cream shade according to the amount of 
pulling, and most persons prefer it to the mixture of sugar and 
molasses, as in the first. 

4. Pop Corn Balls. — Pop the corn, avoiding all that is not nicely 
opened; place }4. ^^- of the corn upon a table or in a large dripping 
pan ; put a little water in a suitable kettle with sugar, 1 lb. ; and boil 
as for candy ; until it becomes quite waxy in water, when tried as for 



48 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

candy; then remove from the fire and dip into it 6 to 7 table-spoons 
of thick gum sohition, made by pouring boiling water upon gum 
arabic, over night, or some hours before; now dip the mixture upon 
different parts of the corn, putting a stick, or the hands, under the 
corn, lifting up and mixing until the corn is all saturated with the 
candy mixture; then with the hands press the corn into balls, as the 
boys do snow-balls, being quick, lest it sets before you get through. 

This amount will make about one hundred balls, if properly 
done. White or brown sugar may be used. And for variety, white 
sugar for a part, and molasses or syrup for another batch. Either of 
these is suited to street peddlers. 

5. Action of Sugar or Candy on the Teeth. — M. Larez, of 
France, in the course of his investigations on the teeth, has arrived at 
the following conclusions: 

*■'' First. That refined sugar, either from cane or beet, is injurious 
to healthy teeth, either by immediate contact with these organs, or by 
the gas developed owing to its stoppage in the stomach. 

" Second. That if a tooth is macerated in a saturated solution of 
sugar, it is so much altered in the chemical composition that it 
becomes gelatinous, and its enamel opaque, spongy, and easily 
broken. Tliis modification is due, not to free acid, but to a tendency 
of sugar to combine with the calcareous basis of the teeth." 

I have destroyed n\y own teeth, I have no doubt now, by constantly 
eating candies, while in the grocery business, before I knew its 
injurious effects, and I believe it to have destroyed the first teeth of all 
my children which were born during my candy-eating propensities. 
What say our candj^-eating gentry to the above? 

LEMONADE.— To Carry in the Pocket.— Loaf sugar, 1 lb. ; rub 
it down finely in a mortar, and add citric-acid, 3^ oz. ; (tartaric acid 
will do,) and lemon essence % oz., and continue the trituration until 
all is intimately mixed, and bottle for use. It is best to dry the 
powders as mentioned in the " Persian Sherbet," next following. 

A rounding table-spoon can be done up in a paper and carried 
conveniently in the pocket when persons are going into out-of-the-way 
places, and added to half pint of cold water, when all the beauties of 
a lemonade will stand before you waiting to be drank, not costing a 
penny a glass. This can be made sweeter or more sour, if desired. If 
any, however, should prefer an effervescing drink, they can follow 
the directions given in the next recipe. 

Persian Sherbet. — Pulverized sugar, 1 lb. ; super-carbonate of 
soda, 4 ozs. ; tartaric acid, 3 ozs. ; put all the articles into the stove 
oven when moderately warm, being separate, upon paper or plates; 
let them remain sufficiently long to dry out all dampness absorbed 
from the air, tlien rub about 40 drops of lemon oil, (or if preferred 
any other flavored oil,) thoroughly with the sugar in a mortar — 



Saloon Department. 49 

Wedgewood is the best— then add the soda and acid, and continue tlie 
rubbing until all are thoroughly mixed. 

Bottle and cork tight, for, if any degree of moisture is permitted 
to reach it, the acid and soda neutralize each other, and the virtue is 
thus destroyed. A middling sized table-spoon or two tea-spoons of 
tliis put into a half pint glass and nearly filled with water and quickly 
drank, makes an agreeable summer beverage ; and if three or four 
glasses of it are taken within a short time, say an hour or two, it has 
the effect of a gentle cathaitic, hence, for those habitually costive it 
would be found nearly or quite equal to the Seidlitz powdei-, and for 
children it would be the more pleasant of the two. [The printers 
have tried it, and can bear testimony to its good qualities. J 

BEERS.— Root JJeer.— For each gallon of water to be used, take 
hops, burdock, yellow dock, sarsaparilla, dandelion, and spikenard 
roots, bruised, of each )^ oz. ; boil about 20 minutes, and strain while 
hot, add 8 or 10 drops of oils of spruce and sassafras mixed in equal 
proportions, when cool enough not to scald your hand, put in 2 or 3 
table-spoons of yeast ; molasses, ^ of a pint, or white sugar, 3^ 
lb., gives it about the right sweetness. 

Keep these proportions for as many gallons as you wish to 
make. You can use more or less of the roots to suit your taste after 
trying it; it is best to get the dry roots, or dig them and let them get 
dry, and of course you can add any other root known to possess 
medicinal properties desired in the beer. After all is mixed, let it 
stand in a jar with a cloth thrown over it, to work about two 
hours, then bottle and set in a cool place. This is a nice way to take 
alteratives, without taking medicine. And families ought to make it 
every spring, and drink f reel}^ of it for several weeks, and thereby 
save, perhaps, several dollars in doctors' bills. 

2. Spruce or Aromatic Beer.— For 3 gals, water put in 1 qt. and 
% pt. of molasses, 3 eggs well beaten, yea£t, 1 gill. Into 2 qts. of tlie 
Avater, boiling hot, put 50 drops of any oil you wish the flavor of; or 
mix 1 oz. each, oils sassafras, spruce and wlntergreen, then use 50 
drops of the mixed oils. 

Mix all, and strain; let it stand two hours, then bottle, bearing 
in mind that yeast must not be put in when the fluid would scald the 
hand. Boiling water cuts oil for beers, equal to alcohol. 

3. Lemon Beer. — Water, 30 gals.; ginger root, bruised, 6 ozs.; 
cream-of -tartar, ]^\\).\ coffee sugar, 13 lbs.; oil of lemon, 1 oz. ; or 
i oz. of the oil may be used, and G good sized lemons, sliced; yeast, 
\\ pts. 

Boil the ginger and cream-of-tartar, about twenty to thirty 

minutes, in two or three gallons of the water; then strain it upon the 

sugar and oils or sliced lemons, which have been rubbed together, 

having warm water enough to make the whole thirty gallons just so 

3 



5© Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

you can hold your hand in it without burning, or about seventy 
degrees ff heat; then work up the yeast into a paste, as for the 
cider, with live or six ounces of flour. Let it work over night, skim- 
ming off the 3^east, or letting it work over as the cider, then strain and 
bottle for use. Tliis will keep fifteen or twenty days. The Port 
Huronites think it a splendid drink. 

4. Cr n^er Beer. — AVhite sugar, 5 lbs. ; lemon juice, 1 gill ; 
honey, 14 lb. ; ginger, bruised, 5 ozs. ; water, 4^ gals. 

Boil the ginger thirty minutes in three quarts of the water; then 
add the other ingredients, and strain; when cold, put in the white of 
an ^^^gf well beaten, with one tea-spoon of lemon essence — let stand 
four days, and bottle. It will keep for months — much longer than if 
yeast was used ; the honey, however, operates mildly in place of 
yeast. 

5. Philadelphia Beer. — Water, 30 gals.; brown sugar, 20 lbs.; 
ginger, bruised, 1)4 lbs.; cream-of-tartar, i^ lb.; super-carbonate of 
soda, 3 ozs. ; oil of lemon, cut in a little alcohol, 1 tea-spoon; whites of 
10 eggs, well beaten; hops, 2 ozs.; yeast, 1 qt. 

The ginger root and hops should be boiled twenty or thirty 
minutes in enougli of the water to make all milk-warm, then strained 
into the rest, and the yeast added and allowed to work over night; 
skimmed and boiled. 

6. Patent Gas Beer. — Ginger, 2 ozs.; allspice, 1 oz.; cinnamon, 
\ oz.; cloves, 34 oz. ; all bruised or ground; molasses, 2 qts.; cold 
water, 73^ g'lls. ; yeast, 1 pt. 

Boil the pulverized articles, for fifteen or twenty minutes, in the 
molasses; then strain into j^our keg, and add the water, then the 
yeast, shake it well together and bung down. If made over night it 
will be ready for use the next day. There ought to be a little space 
in the keg not filled with the beer. This beer is ahead of all the pops 
and mineral waters of the day, for flavor, health or sparkling qualities 
or speed in m;iking. Be careful you do not burst the keg. In hot 
weather, draw in a pitcher witli ice. I have sold this in the principal 
towns of Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, traveling with a caravan, and 
obtained two dollars for the recipe of the man who kept the inside 
stand, and blew the head out of the first keg of it which he made. 

7. Corn Beer, Without Yeast. — Cold water, 5 gals.; sound, nice 
corn, 1 qt. ; molasses, 2 qts; put all into a keg of this size; shake 
well, and in 2 or 3 days a fermentation will have been brought on as 
nicely as with j^east. Keep it bunged tight. 

It may be flavored with oils of spruce. or lemon, if desired, by 
pouring on to the oils one or two quarts of the water, boiling hot. The 
corn will last five or six makings. If it gets too sour, add more 
molasses and water in the same proportions. It is cheap, healthy, and 
no bother with yeast. 



Saloon Department. 51 

§. Strong Beer, English Improved.— Malt, 1 peck ; coarse 
brown sugar, 6 lbs. ; hops, 4 ozs. ; good yeast, 1 tea-cup ; if you have 
not malt, take a little over 1 peck of barley, (twice the amount of oats 
will do, but are not as good,) and put it into an oven after the bread 
is drawn, or into a stove oven, and steam the moisture from them. 
Grind coarsely. 

Now pour upon the ground malt 33^ gals, of water at 170° or 172" 
of heat. The tub in which you scald the malt should have a false 
bottom, 2 or 3 inches from the real bottom; the false bottom should 
be bored full of ghnlet holes, so as to act as a strainer, to keep back 
the malt meal. AVhen the water is poured on, stir them well, and let 
it stand 3 hours, and draw off by a faucet ; put in 7 gals, more of 
water at 180° to 182° ; stir it well, and l^t it stand 2 hours and draw 
it off. Then put on a gal. or two of cold water, stir it well and draw 
it off; 5^ou should have about 5 or 6 gals. Put the 6 lbs. of coarse 
brown sugar in an equal amount of water; mix with the wort, and 
boil 11^ to 2 hours with the hops; you should have 8 gals, when 
boiled ; w^hen cooled to 80° put in the yeast, and let it work 18 to 20 
hours, covered with a sack; use sound iron-hooped kegs or porter 
bottles, bung or cork tight, and in two weeks it will be good sound 
beer, and will keep a longtime; and for persons of a weak habit of 
body, and especially females, one glass of this with their meals is far 
better than tea or coffee, or all the ardent spirits in the universe. If 
more malt is used, not exceeding 3^ a bushel, the beer, of course, 
would have more spirit, but this strength is sufficient for the use of 
families or invalids. 

©. Ale, Home-Brewed — How it is Made. — The following formula 
for the manufacture of a famous home-brewed ale of the English 
yeomanry, will convey a very clear idea of the components and 
mixture of ordinary ales. The middle classes of the English people 
usually make their ale in quantities of two barrels, that is, geventy-two 
gallons. 

For this purpose a quarter of malt (8 bus.) is obtained at the 
malt-house — or, if wished to be extra strong, 9 bushels of malt — are 
taken, with hops, 12 lbs. ; yeast, 5 qts. 

The malt, being crushed or ground, is mixed with 72 gals, of 
water at the temperature of 160°, and covered up for 3 hours, when 
40 gallons are drawni off, into which the hops are put, and left to 
infuse. Sixty gallons of water at a temperature of 170° are then 
added to the malt in the mash-tub, and well mixed, and after standing 
2 hours, 60 gallons are drawn off. The wort from these two mashes 
is boiled with the hops for 2 hours, and after being cooled down to 
65°, is strained through a flannel bag into a fermenting tub, where it 
is mixed with the yeast and left to work for 24 or 30 hours. It is then 



52 Dr. Chase' s Recijyes. 

run into barrels to cleanse, a few gallons being reserved for filling up 
the casks as the yeast works over. 

Of course when the yeast is worked out it must be bunged. If 
one-half a pint of this was taken each meal by men, and half that 
amount by females, and no other spirits, tea nor coffee, during the 
day, I hesitate not in saying that I firmly believe it would conduce to 
health. 1 know that this, which a man makes himself, or some of the 
wines mentioned in this work, home-made, are all that any person 
ought to allow themselves to use in these days when dollars and cents 
are the governing influences of all who deal in such articles. 

10. Porter, Ale, or Wine, to Prevent Flatness in Parts of 
Bottles for the Invalid. — Sick persons who are recommended to use 
ale, porter, or wine, and can only take a small glass at a time, nearly 
always find the last of the bottle flat or stale. 

To prevent this, put in the cork firmly, and turn the cork end 
downwards, in a large tumbler or other vessel nearly fllled with 
water. 

Tills plan prevents communication with the external air. 

11. Cream Nectar, Imperial. — First, tAke water, 1 gal. ; loaf 
sugar, 8 lbs. ; tartaric acid, 8 ozs. ; gum-arabic, 1 oz. ; put into a 
suitable kettle and place on the Are. 

Second. Take flour, 4 tea-spoons ; the whites of 4 eggs, well 
beaten together, with the flour, and add water, i^ pt. ; when the flrst 
is blood- warm put in the second, and boil 3 minutes, and it is done. 

Directions. — Three table-spoons of the syrup to a glass half or 
two-thirds full of water, and add one-third tea-spoon of super-carbon- 
ate of soda, made fine ; stir well, and drink at your leisure. 

Jt^" In getting up any of the soda drinks which are spoken of, it 
will be found preferable to put about eight ounces of super-carbonate 
(often called carbonate of soda) into one pint of water in a bottle, and 
shake when you wish to make a glass of soda, and pour of this into 
the glass until it foams well, instead of using tlie dry soda as 
directed. 

12. Ginger Pop.— Water, r>i^ gals. ; ginger root, bruised, }^ 
lb. ; tartaric acid, i^ oz.; white sugar, 2)^ lbs.; whites of 3 eggs, well 
beaten ; lemon oil, 1 tea-spoon ; yeast, 1 gill. 

Boil the root for thirty minutes in one gallon of the water, strain 
off and put the oil in while hot ; mix. Make over night, and in the 
morning skim and bottle, keeping out sediments. 

13. Spanish Cringerette.— To each gal. of water put 1 lb. of 
white sugar; 3^ oz. best bruised ginger root; }^ oz. of cream-of-tartar 
and 2 lemons sliced. 

Directions. — In making 5 gals., boil the ginger and lemons 10 
minutes in 3 gals, of the water; the sugar and cream-of-tartar to be 



Saloon Department. 53 

dissolved iii the cold water, and mix all, and add 3^ pint of good 
yeast ; let it ferment over night, strain and bottle in the morning. 

This is a valuable recipe for a cooling and refreshing beverage; 
compounded of ingredients highly calculated to assist the stomach, and 
is recommended to persons suffering with Dyspepsia or Sick Headache. 
It is much used in European countries, and persons having once tested 
its virtues, will constantly use it as a common drink. And for saloons 
or groceries, no temperance beverage will set it aside. 

14. Shaui-Champague— A Purely Temperance Drink.— Tartaric 
acid, 1 oz.; 1 good sized leuion ; ginger root, 1 oz.; white sugar, V/^ 
lbs. ; water, 2^.^ gals. ; yeast, 1 gill. 

Slice the lemon, and bruise the ginger, mix all, except the yeast; 
boil the water and pour it upon tliem, and let stand until cooled to 
blood heat; then add the yeast and let it stand in the sun through the 
day; at night, bottle, tying the corks, and in two days it will be fit to 
use. — Mrs. Beecher. 

Be sure and not drink over three or four bottles at one time. 

YEASTS.— Hop Yeast.— Hops, 1 oz.; water, 3 pts.; flour, 1 tea- 
cup; brown sugar, 1 table-spoon; salt, 1 tea-spoon; brewers' or 
bakers' yeast, 1 gill. 

Boil the liops twenty miimtes in the water, strain into a jar, and 
stir in the floui-, sugar, and salt, and when a little cool add the yeast, 
and after four or five hours cover up, and stand in a cool place or on 
the ice for use. 

The above makes a good family yeast, but the following is the 
regular bakers' yeast, as they always keep the malt on hand: 

2. Bakers' Yeast. — Hops, 2 ozs. ; water, 1 gal. ; wheat flour, 3^ 
lb. ; malt flour, 1 pt. ; stock yeast, % pt- 

Boil the hops for tliirty minutes in the water, strain, and let cool 
until you can well bear your hand in it; then stir in the flour and 
yeast; keep in a warm place until the fermentation is well under 
waj'^, and then let it work in a cooler place six to eight hours, when it 
should be put in pint bottles about lialf full, and closely corked, and 
tied down. By keeping this in a very cool cellar, or ice-house, it will 
keep for months, fit for use. But as it is often troublesome to obtain 
yeast, to start with, I give you the *' Distillers' Jug Yeast," starting 
without yeast. 

3. Jug Yeast, Without Yeast to Start With.— Hops, >^ lb.; 
water, 1 gal.; line malt flour, }4. pt.; brown sugar, yi lb. 

Boil the hops in the water until quite strong, strain, and stir in 
the malt flour; and strain again through a coarse cloth, and boil again 
for ten minutes; when lukewarm stir in the sugar, and place in a 
jug, keeping it at the same temperature until it works over; then cork 
tight, and keei^ in a cold iflace. 



54 D?'. Chase' s Recipes. 

4. Yeast Cake. — Good sized potatoes, 1 doz. ; hops, ] large 
liaudful ; yeast, Yz pt.; corn meal, sufficient quantity. 

Boil the potatoes, after peeling, and rub them through a colander; 
boil the hops in two quarts of water, and strain into the potatoes; then 
scald sufficient Indian meal to make them the consistence of empty- 
ings, and stir in the yeast and let rise ; then, with unscalded meal 
thicken so as to roll out and cut into cakes, drying quickly, at first, to 
prevent souring. They keep better, and soak up quicker, than if 
made with flour. 

ICE CREAM. — Fresh cream, Yz gal. ; rich milk, Yi- g^^- i white 
sugar, 1 lb. ; some do use as much as 2 lbs. of sugar to the gallon, yet 
it leaves an unpleasant astringency in the throat after eating the 
cream ; but please yourselves. 

Dissolve the sugar in the mixture, flavor with extract to suit your 
taste, or take the peel from a fresh lemon and steep one-half of it in 
as little water as you can, and add this — it makes the lemon flavor 
better than the extract — and no flavor will so universally please as the 
lemon; keep the same proj)ortion for any amount desired. The juice 
of strawberries or raspberries gives a beautiful color and flavor to 
ice-cream; or about Yi. oz. of essence or extracts to a gallon, or to suit 
the taste. Have your ice well broken ; 1 qt. salt to a bucket of ice. 

About half an hour's constant stirring and occasional scraping 
down and beating together, will freeze it. The old-fashioned freezer 
which turns in a tub of ice, makes smoother and nicer ice-cream than 
all the patent freezers I have seen ; and the plan of using the genuine 
cream and milk gives sufficient profit; but I will give you the best 
substitutes there are, in the following recipe, but the less you eat of 
either^ the better will it be for health. 

2. Ice Creaui, Very Clieap.— Milk, 6 qts. ; Oswego corn starch, 
>^ lb. 

First dissolve the starch in one quart of the milk, then mix all 
together and just simmer a little (not to boil). Sweeten and flavor to 
suit your taste, as above ; or, — 

3. Irish moss, 1>^ oz. ; milk, 1 gal. 

First soak the moss in a little cold water for an hour, and rinse 
well to clear it of sand and a certain peculiar taste ; then steep it for 
an hour in the milk just at the boiling point, but not to boil; it 
imparts a rich color and flavor without eggs or cream. The moss 
may be steeped twice. 

It is the Chicago plan. I have eaten it, and know it to be very 
nice. A few minutes' rubbing, at the end of freezing, with the 
spatula, against the side of the freezer, gives ice-cream a smoothness 
not otherwise obtained. 

WINES.— Currant, Cherry, and other Berry Wines.— The juice 
of either of the above fruits can be used alone, or in combinations to 



Saloon Department 55 

make a variety of flavors, or suit persons who have some, and not the 
otlier kinds of fruit. 

Express all the juice you can, then take an equal amount of 
boiling water and pour on the pressed fruit, let stand 2 hours, squeeze 
out as much as there is of juice, and mix, then add 4 lbs. of brown 
sugar to each gallon of the mixture ; let stand until worked, or 3 or 4 
weeks, without a bung in the keg or barrel, simply putting a piece of 
gauze over the bung-hole to keep out flies; when it is done working, 
bung it up. 

A cool cellar, of course, is the best place for keeping wines, as 
they must be kept where they will not freeze. Some persons use only 
one-fourth juice, in making fruit wines, and three-fourths water, but 
you will bear in mind that the wine will be good or bad, just in 
proportion to the water and sugar used. If care is used when you 
express tlie juice, to prevent the pulp or seeds from entering or 
remaining in the juice, no other straining or racking will be needed. 
Most persons also recommend putting in brandy, but if any spirit is 
used at all, let it be pure alcohol, from one gill to one-half pint only 
per gallon, but the strength of juice I recommend, and the amount of 
sugar, remove all necessity for any addition of spirit wliatever. Bear 
in mind that all fruit of wliicli you are to make wine ought to be 
perfectly ripe, and then make it as soon as possible thereafter, not 
letting the juice ferment before the addition of the sugar. If bottled, 
always lay them on the side. 

2. lihubarb, or English Patent Wine.— An agreeable and 
healthful wine is made from the expressed juice of the garden 
rhubarb. 

To each gal. of juice, add 1 gal. of soft water in which 7 lbs. of 
brown sugar have been dissolved; fill a keg or a barrel with this 
proportion, leaving the bung out, and keep it filled with sweetened 
water as it works over, until clear; then bung down or bottle as you 
desire. 

Tliese stalks will furnish about three-fourths their weight in 
juice, or from sixteen hundred to two tliousand gallons of wine to 
each acre of well cultivated plants. Fill the barrels and let them 
stand until spring, and bottle, as any wine will be better in glass or 
stone. 

3. Some persons give Mr. Gaboon, of Kenosha, Wis., credit for 
originating pie-plant wine, but that is a mistake. It has long been 
made in England, and has even been patented in that country. They 
first made it by the following directions, which also makes a very nice 
article, but more applicable for present use than for keeping: 

For every 4 lbs. of the stalks cut fine, pour on 1 gal. of boiling 
water, adding 4 lbs. brown sugar; let stand covered 24 hours, having 
also added a little cinnamon, allspice, cloves and nutmeg, bruised, as 



56 Dr. Chasers Recipes. 

may be desired for flavoring; then strain and let work a few days, 
and bottle. 

4. Tomato Wiue.— Express the juice from clean, ripe tomatoes, 
and to each gallon of it (without any water) put brown sugar, 4 lbs. 

Put in the sugar immediately, or before fermentation begins — this 
ought to be done in making any fruit wine. Something of the 
character of a cheese-press, hoop and cloth, is the best plan to squeeze 
out the juice of tomatoes or other fruits. Let the wine stand in a keg 
or barrel for two or three months ; then draw off into bottles, carefully 
avoiding the sediment. It makes a most delightful wine, having all 
the beauties of flavor belonging to the tomato, and I have no doubt 
all its medicinal properties also, either as a tonic in disease, or as a 
beverage for those who are in the habit of using intoxicating bever- 
ages, and if such persons would have the good sense to make some 
wine of this kind, and use it instead of rot-gut whisky, there would 
not be one-hundredth part of the " snakes in the boot " that now 
curse our land. It must be tasted to be appreciated. I have it now 
which is three years old, worth more than much pretended wine which 
is sold for three or four shillings a pint. 

5. Tomato Cultivation, for Early and Late. — The Working 
Farmer says of the tomato plant, " that it bears 80 per cent, of its 
fruit within 18 inches of the ground, while more than half the plant 
is above that part. When the branches are cut they do not bleed, and 
they may therefore be sliortened immediately above the large, or 
early-setting fruit. 

" The removal of the small fruit on the ends of the branches is 
no loss, for the lower fruit will swell to an unnatural size by trim- 
ming, and both a greater weight and measure of fruit will be the 
consequence, besides obtaining a large portion five to fifteen days 
earlier. The trimming should be done so as to have a few leaves 
beyond the fruit, to insure perfect ripening. The importance of early 
manuring is too evident to need comment. The burying of the 
removed leaves immediately around the plant is a good practice, both 
by insuring full disturbance of the soil, and by the presenting of a 
fertilizer progressed precisely to the point of fruit making. The 
portions buried decay rapidly, and are rapidly assimilated." 

If wanted very early and large, trim off all except two or three 
upon each plant. 

6. To ripen late tomatoes, pull the plants having green tomatoes 
on them, before the commencement of frosts, and hang them in a 
well ventilated cellar. 

The fruit will continue to ripen until early winter, especially if 
the cellar is cool and damp. 

7. The Tomato as Food, — Dr. Bennett, a professor of some 



Saloon Department, cj 

celebrity, considers the tomato an invaluable article of diet, and 
ascribes to it various important medical properties. 

First—that the tomato is one of the most powerful aperients for 
the liver and other organs; where calomel is indicated, it is probably 
one of the most effective and least harmful remedial agents known to 
the profession. Second— that a chemical extract will be obtained from 
it that will supersede the use of calomel in the cure of disease. Third 
—that he has successfully treated Diarrhoea with this article alone. 
Fourth— th^t when used as an article of diet, it is an almost sovereign 
remedy for Dyspepsia and indigestion. Fifth— that it should be co*n- 
stantly used for daily food, either cooked or raw, or in the form of 
catsup. It is the most healthy article now in use. 

Knowing personally the value of the tomato in disease, for food 
and wine, I freely give all the information regarding it which I can, 
that others may make as free use of it as health and economy demand' 
consequently, I give you the next item, which I have just learned as 
the tj^pe were being set, upon this subject, in 1860. 

8. Tomatoes as Food for Cattle.— Mr. Davis, the editor of the 
Michigan State News, Ann Arbor, Mich., says, "that he has fed his 
cow, this season, at least ten bushels of tomatoes." 

His plan is to mix a little bran with (say 3 qts. to a half bushel of 
tomatoes) when fed. They ca«se an excellent flow of rich and 
delicious milk. 

He did not think of it until after the frosts, when observing them 
going to waste, he thought to see if she would eat them, which she 
did freely, from the commencement. I have also known pigs to eat 
them, but this is not common. In 1862 I found my cow to eat them 
as freely as spoken of by Mr. Davis. 

9. Wine, from White Currants.— Ripe white currants, any 
quantity; squeeze out the juice, and put on water to get out as much 
more as there is of tlie juice, and mix the two, and to each gallon put 
3>^ lbs. of sugar; let it work without boiling or skimming for 2 or 3 
months, then rack off and bottle. 

The white currant has less acidity than the red, and does not 
require as much sugar. I have never tasted currant wine equal to 
this. 

10. Ginger Wine.— Alcohol of 98 per cent., 1 qt; best ginger 
root, bruised, 1 oz.; cayenne, 5 grs.; tartaric acid, 1 dr.; let stand 1 
week and filter, or draw off by faucet above the sediment. Now add 
1 gal. of water in which 1 lb. of crushed sugar has been boiled. Mix 
when cold. To make the color, boil yi oz. of cochineal, ^ oz. of 
cream-of-tartar, ^ oz. of saleratus, and % oz. of alum, in 1 pt. of 
water, until you get a bright red color, and use a proper amount of 
this to bring the wine to the desired color. 

This wine is suitable for nearly all the purposes for which any 



58 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

wine is used, and a gallon of it will not cost more than a pint of many- 
wines sold throughout the country for medicinal purposes, represented 
to be imported from Europe. Let a man, suffering with a bad cold, 
drink about half a pint of this wino hot, on going to bed, soaking his 
feet at the same time in hot water fifteen or twenty minutes, and 
covering up warm and sweating it out until morning, then washing 
off his whole body with cool or cold water, by means of a wet towel, 
and rubbing briskly with a coarse dry towel for four or five minutes, 
will not be able to find his cold or any bad effects of it in one case out 
of a hundred. Ladies or children would take less in proportion to age 
and strength. Females in a weakly condition, with little or no 
appetite, and spare in flesh, from food not properly digesting, but not 
yet ripened into actual indigestion^ will find almost entire relief by 
taking half a wine-glass of this wine twenty minutes before meals, 
and following it up a month or two, according to their improved 
condition. For family use it is just as good without color as with it. 

11. Blackberry Wiue. — Mash the berries, and pour 1 qt. of 
boiling water to each gal. ; let the mixture stand 24 hours, stirring 
occasionally; then strain and measure into a keg, adding 2 lbs. of 
sugar, and good rye whisky 1 pt., or best alcohol Yz pt., to each gal. 

Cork tight, and let it stand until tlie following October, and you 
will have wine fit for use, without further straining or boiling, that 
will make lips smack as they never smacked under its influence 
before. 

I feel assured that where this fruit is plenty, that this wine should 
take the place of all others, as it is invaluable in sickness as a- tonic, 
and nothing is better for bowel disease. I therefore give the recipe 
for making it, and having tried it myself, I speak advisedly on the 
subject. 

The Dollar Times., Cincinnati, O., first published this recipe, not 
using any spirits, but I find that it will often sour without it. 

12. Lawton Blackberry— Its Cultivation. — An editor at Cold- 
water, Mich., says of this fruit, "that where it is best known it is one 
of the most popular small fruits that has ever been cultivated. It has 
been known to produce over one thousand full-grown berries in one 
season on a single stalk; the average size of fruit being from three- 
fourths to one and a half inches in diameter; quality excellent, yery 
juicy, seeds very small, and few in number. Five quarts of berries will 
make one gallon of juice, which, mixed with two gallons of water 
and nine pounds of refined sugar, will make three gallons of wine, 
equal in quality to the best grape Avine. Professor Mapes, and many 
others, who have tested the qualities of the same as a wine-fruit, speak 
of it in terms of the highest praise. 

13. Port Wine. — Fully ripe, wild grapes, 2 bus. ; best alcohol, 3 
gals. ; sugar, 25 lbs. ; water to fill a barrel. 



Saloon Department. en 

Mash the grapes without breaking the seed; then put them into 
a barrel with the sugar and alcohol, and fill up with rain water, and 
let it lie a few weeks in the sun ; or if the weather has become cold, in 
a warm place ; then in the cellar until spring ; then rack off and 
bottle, or place in perfectly clean kegs or barrels, and you have a 
better article than nine-tenths of what is represented as imported 
Port. 

14. Cider Wine.— Prof. Horsford, a celebrated chemist, com- 
municated the following recipe to the Horticultural Society of 
Massachusetts, and recommends it for general trial: 

*' Let the new cider from sour apples, (ripe, sound fruit preferred,) 
ferment from 1 to 3 weeks, as the weather is warm or cool. When it 
has attained to a lively fermentation, add to each gallon, according to 
its acidity, from )4. a lb. to 3 lbs. of white crushed sugar, and let the 
whole ferment until it possesses precisely the taste which it is desired 
should be permanent. In this condition pour out a quart of the cider 
and add for each gallon 34 oz. of sulphite of lime, not sulphate. Stir 
the powder and cider until intimately mixed, and return the emulsion 
to the fermenting liquid. Agitate briskly and thoroughly for a few 
moments, and then let the cider settle. Fermentation will cease at 
once. When, after a few days, the cider has become clear, draw off 
carefully, to avoid the sediment, and bottle. If loosely corked, which 
is better, it will become a sparkling cider wine, and may be kept 
indefinitely long." 

This has been tried with varied success ; those who do not think 
it too much to follow the directions, obtain a good article, but others, 
supposing it to do jnst as well without sugar, or drawing off, or 
bottling, have found but little satisfaction — they have no reason to 
expect any; and yet they might be well satisfied to obtain a good wine 
from the orchard, even with all the above requisitions. 

15. Grape Wine.—" Ripe, freshly picked, and selected, tame 
grapes, 20 lbs.; put them into a stone jar and pour over them 6 qts. of 
boiling soft water; when sufficiently cool to allow it, you will squeeze 
them thoroughly with the hand; after which allow them to stand 3 
days on the pomace, with a cloth thrown over the jar, then squeeze 
out the juice and add 10 lbs. of nice crushed sugar, and let it remain 
a week longer in the jar; then take off the scum, strain and bottle, 
leaving a vent, until done fermenting, when strain again and bottle 
tight, and lay the bottles on the side in a cool place." 

This wine is the same as used by the Rev. Orrin Whitmore, of 
Saline, Mich., for sacramental purposes. I have tasted it myself, and 
would prefer it for medicinal uses to nine-tenths of the wines sold in 
this country. With age, it is nice. I am of the opinion that it might 
just as well remain in the jar until it is desired to bottle, and thus save 
the trouble of the extra straining. For I have now wine four years 



6o Dr. Chasers Recipes, 

old ill my cellar, made In Evansville, Ind., from the grape, which was 
made without the addition of any particle of matter whatever. 
Simply the juice pressed out, hauled in from the vineyard, put into 
very large casks in a cool cellar, not even racked off again under one 
year from the time of making. It tastes exactly like the grape itself. 
This, you will perceive, saves much trouble in racking, straining, etc. 
I '\w\ told by other wine makers, also, that if care is observed when 
tlie juice is pressed out to keep clear of the pomace, that wine is better 
to stand without racking or straining, and that nothing is found in the 
barrels, after the first year, save the crude tartar or wine-stone, as 
some call it, which all grape wine deposits on the sides of the cask. 
These wines are every way appropriate for sacramental and medicinal 
purposes, and far more pure than can be purchased once in a hundred 
times, and if one makes his own, he has the satisfaction of knowing 
that his wines are not made of what is vulgarly yet truly called 
" rot-gut whisky.^'' 

16. Coloring for Wines.— White sugar, 1 lb.; water, 1 gill; put 
into an iron kettle, let boil, and burn to a red black, and thick; remove 
from the tire and add a little hot water to keep it from hardening as it 
cools; then bottle for use. 

Any of the foregoing wines can be colored with this, as desired, 
but for family use I never use any color. 

IT. Stomach Bitters, Equal to Hostetter^s, for One-Fourth its 
Cost ; and Schiedam Schnapps Exposed.— European gentian root, \}4, 
ozs.; orange peel, 2>^ ozs. ; cinnamon, }^ oz. ; anise seed, ^ oz. ; cori- 
ander seed, Yz oz. ; cardamon seed, % oz. ; unground Peruvian bark, 
y^ oz. ; gutn kino, ^ oz. ; bruise all these articles, and put them into 
the best alcohol, 1 pt. ; let it stand a week, and pour off the clear 
tincture; then boil the dregs a few minutes in 1 qt. of water, strain, 
and press out all the strength ; now dissolve loaf sugar, 1 lb., in the 
hot liquid, adding 8 qts. cold water, and mix with the spirit tincture 
first poured off, or you can add these, and let it stand on the dregs if 
preferred. 

18. NOTE.— Schiedam Schnapps, Falsely so Called.— It is gen- 
erally known that in Schiedam, Holland, they make the best quality 
of gin, calling it "Schiedam Schnapps;" consequently it might be 
expected that unprincipled men would undertake its imitation ; but 
hardly could it have been expected that so base an imitation would 
start into existence under the guidance of a man who, at least, calls 
himself honorable. 

" Take gentian root, }£ lb. ; orange peel, J^ lb. ; puds, J4 lb. ; (but 
if this last cannot be obtained, poma aurantior, unripe oranges,) or 
agaric, ^ lb.; best galangal, }£ lb.; centaury, }4 lb. ;— cost, $1.20. 
Put pure spirit, 10 gals., upon them, and let them stand 2 weeks ; stir 



Saloon Department. 6i 

it every day, and at the end of that time put 3 gals, of this to one 
barrel of ^ood whisky ; then bottle and label." 

And here follows the label: 

"AROMATIC SCHIEDAM SCHNAPPS, A Superlative 
Tonic, Diuretic, Anti-Dyspeptic, and Invigorating Cordial. — 
This Medical Beverage is manufactured at Schiedam, in Holland, 
and is warranted free from every injurious property and ingredient, 
and of the best possible quality. Its extraordinary medicinal properties 
in Gravel, Gout, Chronic Rheumatism, Incipient Dropsy, Flatulence, 
Colic Pains of the Stomach or Bowels, whether in adults or infants, in 
all ordinary cases of obstruction in the Kidneys, Bladder, and Urinary 
Organs, in Dyspepsia, whether Acute or Chronic, in General Debility, 
Sluggish Circulation of the Blood, Inadequate Assimilation of Food 
and Exhausted Vital Energy, are acknowledged by the whole medical 
faculty, and attested in their highest written authorities." 

I purchased the foregoing recipe of an extensive dealer in Evans- 
ville, Ind. He put up the stuff in quart bottles, and labeled it as I 
have shown you. His label was got up in splendid style, bronzed 
letters^ and sent out to the world as pure ''^Schiedam Schnapps,^'' at %1 
per bottle. 

I have given you the whole thing, that the thousands into whose 
hands this book may fall, shall know what confidence, or that no 
cori/ic?ence whatever, can be placed in the " advertised nostrums " of 
the day, but tllat the only security we have is to make our own, or go 
to those whom we knoic to be scientific. Obtain their prescription and 
follow their counsel. Every person knows that real Holland Gin 
possesses diuretic and other valuable properties; and who would not 
suppose he was getting a genuine article from this flaming, bronze- 
crested label, pointing out especially all the complaints that Schiedam 
lovers are wont to complain of? And yet not one drop of gin to a 
barrel of it! And my excuse for this exposure is, that they and all who 
may have an occasion to use such articles, may know that "good 
whisky" ought to be afforded at less than $4 per gallon, even if $1.20 
worth of bitter tonics are put into Z% barrels of the precious stuff'. 

Then take our advice, where gin or other liquor is needed, as 
mentioned in the first recipe in the Medical Department. 



APPENDIX TO SALOON DEPARTMENT. '• 
BY THE PUBLISHER. 

Apple Wine. — Pure cider made from sound, dry apples, as it 
runs from tlie press. Put sixty pounds of brown sugar into fifteen 
gallons of the cider and let it dissolve, then put the mixture into a 
clean barrel and fill the barrel up to within two gallons of being full 
with clean cider; put tlie cask in a cool place, leaving the bung out 
forty-eiglit hours, then put in the bung with a small vent, until 
fermentation wholly ceases, and bung up tight, and, in one year, the 
wine will be fit for use. This wine requires no racking; the longer 
it stands upon the lees the better. 

2, Blackberry Wine. — Gather the fruit when ripe, on a dry 
6a,y. Put into a vessel, with the head out, and a tap fitted near the 
bottom; pour on boiling water to cover it. Mash the berries with 
your hands, and let them stand covered till the pulp rises to the top 
and forms a crust, in three or four days. Then draw off the fluid into 
another vessel, and to every gallon add one pound of sugar; mix well, 
and put it into a cask, to work for a week or ten days, and throw oft 
any remaining lees, keeping the cask well filled, particularly at tlie 
commencement. When the working has ceased, bung it down ; after 
six to twelve months it may be bottled. 

3. To make a wine equal to Port, take ripe blackberries, press 
the juice from them, let it stand tliirty-six hours to ferment (lightly 
covered) and skim well, then to every gallon of the juice add one quart 
of water and three pounds of sugar ; let it stand in an open vessel 
twenty-four hours. Strain and barrel it, let it stand six months, then 
bottle and cork close. It improves by age. 

4. Cherry Wine. — Pick and press out the juice of good cherries. 
White or Black Hearts, or May Dukes, without breaking the stones. 
(This wine is much improved by adding rasps, and red currants ; an 
addition of black currants causes it to resemble port). To everj'- gallon 
put 2 lbs. of fine loaf sugar. Put in a cask till the fermentation ceases, 
stop it close. In three or four months, bottle it, and in five or six 
weeks it will be fit to drink. 

5, Currant Wine. — Gather the currants when ripe, strip them 
and squeeze out the juice* to one gallon of the juice put two gallons 



Appendix to Saloon JJepartment. ' 63 

of cold water and two spoonfuls of yeast; let it ferment two days; 
strain through a hair sieve; and to every gallon of liquor add three 
lbs. of loaf sugar, stir it well together, put it in a good cask; to every 
10 gallons of wine put one quart of brandy; close well up and let it 
standfour months, then bottle it; a few raspberries will improve the 
flavor. 

Blackberry Brandy.— To half a gallon of blackberry juice put 
one pound and a half of lump sugar, half an ounce of cinnamon, half 
an ounce of grated nutmeg, quarter of an ounce of cloves, and one 
ounce of allspice. Boil it a few minutes, and when cool, add one pint 
of brandy. This is an invaluable remedy for diarrhoea. 

2. Cherry Brandy.— Cherries 36 lbs; half red and half black; 
squeeze them with the hands, and add 1>^ gallons of brandy. Let 
them infuse 24 hours; then put the bruised cherries and liquor into a 
canvass bag, a little at a time, and press it as long as it will run. 
Sweeten with fine sugar, and let it stand a month ; bottle off, putting 
loaf sugar into every bottle. 

3. Another.— To every gallon of brandy put 4 lbs. of red 
cherries, 2 lbs. of black, 1 quart of raspberries, with a few cloves, a 
stick of cinnamon, a little orange peel; closely stop for a month in a 
barrel ; bottle off as before. 

Ginger Beer.— The following recipe for making a very superior 
ginger beer is taken from the celebrated treatise of Dr. Pereira on 
Diet. The honey gives the beverage a peculiar softness, and from not 
being fermented with yeast, it is less violent in its action when opened, 
but requires to be kept a somewhat longer time before use. White 
sugar, five pounds; lemon juice, one quarter of a pint; honey, one 
quarter of a pound; ginger, bruised, live ounces; water, four gallons 
and a half. Boil the ginger in three quarts of the water for half an 
hour, then add the sugar, lemon juice and honey, with the remainder 
of the water, and strain through a cloth ; when cold, add a quarter of 
the white of an ^^g, and a small teaspoonful of essence of lemon; let 
the whole stand four days and then bottle ; it will keep for many 
months. This quantity will make 100 bottles; the cost being, sugar, 
live pounds, 2s. ; lemon juice, 2d.; honey, 3d. ; best white ginger, 2d. ; 
^gg and essence of lemon, 2d. : total, 2s. 9d. Ginger-beer bottles may 
be obtained at the potteries at 10s. to 12s. per gross, and corks at 8d. to 
Is. per gross. 

2. Another.— White sugar, twenty pounds; lemon or lime juice 
eighteen (fluid) ounces; honey, one pound; bruised ginger, twenty-two 
ounces; water, eighteen gallons. Boil the ginger in three gallons of 
water for half an hour, then add the sugar, the juice, and the honey, 
with the remainder of the water, and strain through a cloth. When 
cM add the white of one Qgg^ and half an ounce (fluid) of essence of 



(54 Appendix to Saloon Department, 

lemon; after standing four days, bottle. This yields a very superior 
beverage, and one which will keep for many months. 

3. Another, Cheap.— Sugar, 1 lb.; boiling water, 1 gallon; 
ginger, % oz., and a lemon sliced thin. Stir till all is mixed. Cool, 
and add a table-spoonful of yeast. Let it stand 20 hours, then strain, 
bottle, and tie down the corks. Will be primo in a few days. 

4. Another. — To every gallon of spring water, add 1 oz. of sliced 
white ginger, and 1 lb. of white sugar, or 1^ lb., if you like. Boil 
nearly an hour. Then add 3^ oz. of lemon juice to cveiy gallon; 
strain, cool, and add yeast, 1 tablespoonf ul or rather more to a gallon. 
In 48 hours, add a little isinglass, and the white of one or two eggs. 
Put into the cask, and let it stand 24 hours longer. Bottle and cork 
well. 

5. Another. — Ginger, 3 ozs. ; sugar, 4 lbs. ; crcam-of -tartar, i^ 
oz. ; essence of lemon, }^ oz. ; the juice and peel of two lemons ; 
brandy, J^ pint; yeast, quarter of a pint; water, 4 gallons. Bruise 
the sugar and ginger; boil 25 minutes; pour it boiling upon the 
lemon, tartar, essence, etc. Stir well; nearly cool, and add the yeast; 
let it work three days, skimming well ; then strain into a cask ; add 
the brandy; bung down close; and in a fortnight, draw off, and 
bottle. 

6* Another, For Six Gallons.— Bruised ginger, 8 ozs. ; cream-of- 
tartar, 6ozs. ; loaf sugar, 6 lbs.; water, 6 gallons; three unpeeled 
lemons, sliced. As soon as the water boils pour it on the ingredients, 
and stir well. Add a small portion of yeast. Some prefer the addition 
of 1 lb. of honey. After fermentation, strain, and bottle. Or strain, 
and bottle, without previously adding yeast. 

7. Another, Common.— Brown Sugar or Treacle, 13^ lb., water, 
13^ gallon, 1 oz. of ginger, ground, and a lemon, if preferred. Boil, 
and then add yeast. 

8. Another, Instantly Made.— Sugar, 13^ lb. ; bruised ginger, 134 
oz. ; water, 1 quart. Boil down to a syrup. When cool, strain, and 
add the juice of a lemon, or ^^ oz. of citric acid, and a little brandy. 
Keep this always by you in a bottle. It is to be used along with 
Carbonate of Soda and Tartaric Acid. First dissolve in water a 
quarter of a tea-spoonful of Tartaric Acid, into which put Ginger 
Syrup according to taste ; then dissolve half a tea-spoonful of carbonate 
of soda in water; unite the two mixtures, and you will have a grateful 
beverage. 

9. Another, (Jnicldy Made. — Dissolve 4 ozs. of candied ginger \\\ 
23^ gallons of boiling water, add 2 lbs. of sugar ; add \^ oz. of citric 
acid, powdered when nearly cold, and two table-spoonfuls of yeast. 

10. Bran Beer. — Good bran, 1 bushel (to produce 18 gallons) 
hops, 3^ pound. Mash with hot water, and ferment in the usual way. 



Appendix to Saloon Department. 65 

This beer will cost about three cents per gallon. Two or three pounds 
of siif^ar improve it, or four or five of molasses improve it. 

Ginger, Syrup of. — Macerate, 13^ oz. of beaten ginger in a quart 
of boiling water, closely covered for twenty-four hours ; then strain 
the infusion, make it into a syrup by adding at least two iDarts of fine 
loaf sugar, dissolved and boiled up in a hot water bath. 

Ginger Beer Powders. — Blue paper; Carbonate of Soda, thirty 
grains; powdered ginger, five grains; ground white sugar, one drachm 
to one drachm and a half; essence of lemon, one drop. Add the 
essence to the sugar, then the other ingredients. A quantity should be 
mixed and divided, as recommended for Seidlitz powders. — White 
paper : Tartaric acid, tiiirty grains. Directions. — Dissolve the contents 
of the blue paper in water ; stir in the contents of the white paper, 
and drink during elFeivescence. Ginger-beer powders do not meet 
with such general acception as lemon and kali, the powdered ginger 
rendering the liquid slightly turbid. 

2. For the white Paper. — Loaf sugar, powdered, 2 drachms; 
ginger, powdered, 6 or 7 grains ; carbonate of soda, 26 grains. Mix 
well. For the Blue Paper — Citric Acid, 30 grains, or tartaric acid, 28 
grains (which you please). Dissolve each powder in nearly half a 
tumbler of water, and mix together. 

Ginger, Tincture of.— Ginger, 1 oz. ; proof spirits, 1 pint. Digest 
in a gentle heat seven days, and strain. A good stimulant, and 
expellant of wind; used as a corrective to purgative draughts. 

Lemonade. — Powdered sugar, four pounds; citric or tartaric acid, 
one ounce; essence of lemon, two drachms; mix well. Two or three 
teaspoonfuls make a very sweet and agreeable glass of extemporane- 
ous lemonade. 

2. Milk Lemonade.— Dissolve three quarters of a pound of loaf 
sugar in one pint of boiling water and mix with them one gill of lemon 
juice, and one gill of sherry, then add three gills of cold milk. Stir 
the whole well together, and strain it. 

Champagne, Summer. — To four parts of seltzer water add one of 
Moselle wine (or hock), and put a teaspoonful of powdered sugar 
in to a wineglassful of this mixture; an ebullition takes place, and 
you have a sort of champagne which is more wholesome in hot 
weather than the genuine wine known by that name. 

2. Champagne Cider.— Cider, eighteen gallons ; spirit, three 
pints ; sugar, five pounds. Mix and let them rest for a fortnight, then 
fine with skimmed milk, 1 pint. Bottle in champagne bottles: when 
opened, it will be found to approach very nearly to genuine cham- 
pagne. 

SLif" Cider, 18 gallons ; spirit, 3 pints ; sugar, 5 lbs. ; skimmed 

milk, 1 pint. 

Cider.— A beverage made from the juice of the apple, and for 



66 Appendix to Saloon Department. 

which sour and rouo:h-tasted apples are generally preferred. The 
process of making cider varies in different localities, but in every case 
essentiaJly consists of the collection of the fruit, and the expression 
and fermentation of the juice. The collection of the fruit should not 
be commenced before it has become sufliciently mature. The apples, 
after being gathered, are usually left for fourteen or fifteen days in a 
barn or loft to mellow, during which time the mucilage is decomposed, 
and alcohol and carbonic acid developed. The expression of the juice 
is the next step in cider-making. The apples are ground to a pulp in 
a mill, consisting of two fluted cylinders of hard wood or cast iron 
working against each other. The pulp is afterwards put into coarse 
strong bags, and pressed with a heavy weight so as to squeeze out all 
the juice. This is then placed in large, open tubs, and kept at a heat 
of about sixty degrees. After two or three days for weak ci der, and 
eight or ten days for strong cider, or as soon as the sediment has 
subsided, the liquor is "racked off" into clean casks. The casks are 
then stored in a cellar, shaded barn, or other cool place, where a low 
and regular temperature can be insured, and are left to mature and 
ripen until the following spring, when it may be re-racked for use. 
The refuse pulp is an acceptable food for pigs and store cattle. 

Preparatory to bottling cider, it should be examined, to see whether 
it is clear and sparkling. If not so, it should be clarified, and left for 
a fortnight. The night previous to bottling, the bung should be taken 
out of the cask, and the filled bottles should not be corked down until 
the day after; as, if this is done at once, many of the bottles will 
burst by keeping. The best corks should be used. Champagne bottles 
are the best for cider. When the cider is wanted for immediate use, or 
for consumption during the cooler season of the year, a small piece of 
lump sugar may be put into each bottle before corking it. When 
intended for keeping, it should be stored in a cool cellar, when the 
quality will be greatly improved by age. 

Ice Cream. — Put into a bucket 1 pound of ice broken very small, 
throw two handf uls of salt among it, and liave it in the coolest place 
you can find. Put the cream into an ice pot and cover it, immerse it 
in the ice and draw the ice around the pot so as to touch every part ; 
in a few minutes put in a spoon and stir the parts that lie around the 
edges to the center, stirring quickly, increases the cold. There should 
be lioles in the bucket to let out the Avater as the ice melts. 

The cream for icing is thus made: New milk, one quart; yolks 
of six eggs ; fine sugar, four ounces. Mix, strain, heat gentlj^, then 
cool. 

2. Strawberry Ice Cream.— Take one pint of strawberries, one 
pint of cream, nearly half a pound of powdered white sugar, the juice 
of a lemon; mash the fruit through a sieve, and take out the seeds: 



Appendix to Saloon Department. 67 

mix with the other articles, and freeze. A little new milk added 
makes the whole freeze more quickly. 

3. Raspberry Ice Cream. — The same as strawberry. These 
ices are often colored by cochineal, but the addition is not advantage- 
ous to the flavor. Strawberry or raspberry jam may be used instead 
of the fresh fruit, or equal quantities of jam and fruit employed. Of 
course the quantity of sugar must be proportionately diminished. 

Strawberrj-Water Ice. — One large pottle of scarlet strawberries, 
the juice of a lemon, a pound of sugar, or one pint of strong syrup, 
half a pint of water. Mix, — first rubbing the fruit through a sieve, — 
and f leeze. 

2. Raspberry-Water Ice. — In the same manner. 

3* Lemon -Water Ice. — Lemon juice and water, each half a pint; 
strong syrup, one pint : the rind of the lemons should be rasped off, 
before squeezing, with lump sugar, which is to be added to the juice; 
mix the whole; strain after standing an hour, and freeze. Beat up 
with a little sugar the whites of two or three eggs, and as the ice is 
beginning to set, work this in with the spatula, which will much 
improve the consistence and taste. 

4. Orange-Water Ice. — In the same way. 

Mead, Metheglin, Hydromel, or Bragget.— Various names for an 
intoxicating beverage made from honey, in use from the most remote 
ages among the ancient Britons and Scandinavians, and regarded ^^ 
those rude nations as an earthly nectar, and a drink immeasuraDiy 
superior to the wine of the grape or barley, as the various potations 
made from grain were called. Among the Welsh, mead, or metheglin, 
is still occasionally used, though as a general beverage it has long 
ceased to be esteemed. There are many modes of preparing this 
heavy drink; some by simply fermenting thehoney and water, others 
by making a strongly spiced decoction of the ingredients before allow- 
ing the mass to work. Those who are desirous of knowing how to 
manufacture the old English bragget, a beverage sold as one of the 
choicest articles in the country, will find the following receipe sufll- 
ciently near to make a very potent liquor : 

To 28 pounds of honey add 8/4 gallons of boiling water : mix 
thoroughly. Boil in half a gallon of water the peel of 3 lemons, 1 
ounce of ginger, 2 drachms of mace, 1 drachm of cloves, and a small 
bundle of rosemary : strain, and add immediately to the hot mixture; 
stir the whole together, and set aside in a cask till quite cold. Mix 
two large spoonfuls of fresh yeast with a quart of the liquor ; pour 
into the cask, and allow it to remain till the fermentation has taken 
place, when the cask is to be bunged up. To obtain metheglin in 
perfection, it should remain a year in the wood untouched. It is then 
to be bottled, and kept for at lease six months before being used, when 
a very agreeable and potent liquor will be obtained. 



68 Appendix to Saloon Department 

Bottling' and Fining-. — Corks should be sound, clean, and sweet. 
Beer and porter should be allowed to stand in the bottles a day or two 
before beiu^^ corked. If for speedy use, wiring is not necessary. 
Laying the bottles on their sides will assist the ripening for use. Those 
that are to be kept should be wired, and put to stand upright in saw- 
dust. Wines should be bottled in spring. If not fine enough, draw off 
a jugful and dissolve isinglass in it, in the proportion of half an ounce 
to ten gallons, and then pour back through the bung-hole. Let it 
stand for a few weeks longer. Tap the cask above the lees. When 
the isinglass is put into the cask, stir it round with a stick, taking great 
care not to touch the lees at the bottom. For white wine only, mix 
with the isinglass a quarter of a pint of milk to each gallon of wine, 
some whites of eggs, beaten with some of the wine. One white of an 
Qgg to four gallons makes a good fining. 

To Sweeten Casks. — Mix half a pint of vitriol with a quart of 
water, pour it into the barrel, and roll it about ; next day add one 
pound of chalk, and roll again. Bung down for three or four days, 
then rinse well with hot water. 

2. Another. — To scour casks effectually rinse them with a solu- 
tion of vitriol and water, which will entirely deprive them of their 
foulness. 

To Loosen Glass Stoppers of Bottles. — With a feather rub a drop 
or two of salad oil round the stopper, close to the moutli of the bottle 
or decanter, which must then be placed before the fire, at the distance 
of about eighteen inches ; the heat will cause the oil to insinuate itself 
between the stopper and the neck. When the bottle or decanter has 
grown warm, gently strike the stopper on one side, and then on the 
other, with any light wooden instrument; then try it with the hand ; 
if it will not yet move, place it again before the fire, adding another 
drop of oil. After a while strike again as before ; and, by persevering 
in this process, however tightly it may be fastened in, you will at 
length succeed in loosening it. This is decidedly the best plan. 

Freezing Mixture Without Ice.— Nearly fill a gallon stone bottle 
with hot spring water, (leaving room for about one pint) and put in 
two ounces of refined nitre. The bottle must be stopped very close 
and let down into a deep well. After three or four hours it will be 
completely frozen, but the bottle must be broken to procure the ice. 
If the bottle is moved up and down so as to be sometimes in and 
sometimes out of the water, the consequent evaporation will hasten 
the process. 

2. Washing Soda as a Freezing Mixture.— If, however, nitrate 
of ammonia in coarse powder is put into the cooler, and there is then 
added twice its weight of freshly crushed washing soda, and an equal 
quantity of the coldest water that can be obtained, an intensely pow- 
erful frigorific mixture is the result, the cold often falling to forty 



Appendix to Saloon Department 69 

degrees below freezing. This is by far the most efficacious freezing 
mixture that can be made without tlie use of ice or acids. But, 
unfortunately, it has an almost insuperable objection, that the nitrate 
of ammonia is decomposed by the soda, and cannot be recovered by 
evaporation ; this raises the expense to so great a height, that the plan 
is practically useless. 

3. The New Freezing Preparation Without Ice or Acids obviates 
all these objections. It is easy of use, not corrosive in its properties, 
and capable of being used at any time, at a minute's notice ; is easy of 
transport, being in a solid form, and, moreover, moderate in its cost. 
In India, to which country it has been exported in enormous quantities, 
it has excited the most lively interest, and the Nepaulese princes, when 
in London, paid the greatest attention to its use. It consists of two 
powders, the first of which Is composed of one part, by weight, of 
muriate of ammonia, or sal-ammoniac powder, and intimately mixed 
with two parts by weight of nitrate of potash, or saltpetre. These 
quantities are almost exactly in (what is called by chemists) the 
combining proportions of the two salts, and by reacting on each other, 
the original compounds are destroyed, and in the place of muriate of 
ammonia and nitrate of potash, we have nitrate of ammonia and 
muriate of potash ; thus we have succeeded in producing nitrate of 
ammonia at a cheap rate, accompanied by another salt, the muriate of 
potash, which also produces considerable cold when dissolved: but 
this mixture, used alone, cannot be regarded as a freezing one, 
although very efficient in cooling. The other powder is formed simply 
of the best Scotch soda, crushed in a mortar, or bj'' passing through a 
mill ; although, as hitherto prepared, its appearance has been disguised 
by the admixture of small quantities of other materials, which have, 
however, tended to diminish its efficacy. The two powders so prepared 
must be separately kept in closely-covered vessels, and in as cool a 
place as possible; for if the crushed soda is exposed to the air, it loses 
the water it contains, and is considerably weakened in power; and if 
the other mixture is exposed, it attracts moisture from the air, and 
dissolves in it — becoming useless. To use the mixture, take an equal 
bulk of the two powders, mix them together by stirring, and immedi- 
ately introduce them into the ice-pail, or vessel in which they are to be 
dissolved, and pour on as much water (the coldest that can be obtained) 
as is sufficient to dissolve them; if a pint measure of each of the 
powders is used, they will require about a pint of water to dissolve 
them. More water than is necessary should not be used, as in that 
case the additional water is cooled instead of the substance that it is 
wished to freeze. Less than a pint of each powder, and about the 
same quantity of water, will be found sufficient to ice two bottles of 
wine, one after the other, in the hottest of weather, if a tub is used of 
such a size as to prevent the waste of materials. 



yo Appeiidix to Saloon Department. 

To Clean Bottles. — There is no easier method of cleanirg glass 
bottles than putting into them line coals, and well shaking, either with 
water or not, hot or cold, according to the substance that fouls the 
bottle. Charcoal left in a bottle or jar for a little time will take away 
disagreeable smells. 

2. To Purify. — Rinse with lime water, or water and powdered 
charcoal. 

Soda Water Powders. — One pound of carbonate of soda, 4d., 
and thirteen and a half ounces of tartaric acid, at 2s. per pound, 
supply the materials for 256 powders of each sort. Usual retail price. 
Id. for the two powders required for a draught. Put into blue papers 
thirty grains of carbonate of soda, and into white papers twenty-five 
grains of tartaric acid. Directions. — Dissolve the contents of the blue 
paper in half a tumbler of water, stir in the other powder, and drink 
during efiervescence. Soda powders furnish a saline beverage which 
is very slightly laxative, and well calculated to allay the thirst in hot 
weather. 

Cheap and Good Yinegar. — To eiglit gallons of clear rain water, 
add three quarts of molasses; tarn the mixture into a clean, tight 
cask, shake it well two or three times, and add three spoonfuls of 
good yeast, or two yeast cakes; place the cask in a warm place, and 
in ten or fifteen days add a sheet of common wrapping paper, smeared 
with molasses, and torn into narrow strips, and j^ou will have good 
vinegar. The paper is necessary to form the " mother," or life of the 
vinegar. 

Fermentation, To Clieck. — The least bit of sulj^hate of Potass. It 
is applicable to liquors, syrups, preserves, etc. 

Bologna Sausages. — Take equal quantities of bacon, fat and lean, 
beef, veal, pork, and beef suet; chop them small, season with pepper, 
salt, etc., sweet herbs, and sage rubbed fine. Have a well-washed 
intestine, fill, and prick it; boil gently for an hour, and lay on straw 
to dry. They may be smoked the same as hams. 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 



I would pve an introductory word of caution m this Department. 
"Whenever you buy an article of medicine which is not regularly 
labeled by the druggist, have him, in all cases, write the name upon it. 
In this way you will not only save money, but perhaps life. Arsenic, 
phosphorus, laudanum, acids, etc., should always be put where 
children cannot get at them. And always purchase the best quality 
of drugs, to insure success. 

ALCOHOL— In Medicines, Preferable to Brandy, Rnm, or Gin 
of tlie Present Day. — There is no one thing doing so much to bolster 
up tlie tottering yet strong tower of Intemperance, as the old-fogy 
physicians, who are constantly prescribing these articles to their 
patients, and one-half of the reason for it is to cover the faults of 
their own constant use of these beverages. This unnecessary call for 
these articles thus used as a medicine, keeps up a large demand; and 
when we take into consideration the almost impossibility of obtaining 
a genuine article, the sin of prescribing them becomes so much the 
greater, when it is also known by all really scientific men that with 
alcohol (which is pure) and the native fruit wines, cid^r, and cider 
wines, (which every one can make for themselves, and can thus know 
their purity,) that all the indications desired to be fulfilled in curing 
disease can be accomplished without their use. 

Then, when it is deemed advisable to use spirits to preserve any 
bitters or syrups from souring, instead of 1 qt. of brandy, rum, or 
gin, use the best alcohol, % pt., with about 2 or 3 ozs. of crushed 
sugar for this amount, increasing or lessening according to the amount 
desired in these proportions. If a diuretic effect is desired, which is 
calculated to arise where gin is prescribed, put 1 dr. of oil of juniper 
into the alcohol before reducing with the water; or if the preparation 
admits of it you may put in from 1 to 2 ozs. of juniper berries Instead 
of the oil. If the astringent effect is desired, as from brandy, use, say 
1^ oz. of gum kino or catechu, either, or half of eac h may be used. 
If the sweating or opening properties are required, as indicated by the 
prescription of rum, sweeten with molasses in place of the sugar, and 
use 1 dr. of oil of caraway, or 1 to 2 ozs. of the seed, for the same 
amount, as the juniper berries for gin. 



72 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 

If the strength of wine only is desired, use 1 qt. of the ginger 
wine, or if that flavor is not fancied, use any otlier of the wines, as 
preferred by tlie patient. 

But no one should use any of the descriptions of alcohol as a 
constant beverage, even in medicine, unless advised to do so by a 
physician who is not himself a toper. 

If families will follow the directions above given, and use proper 
care in malting some of the various fruit wines as given in this book 
for medical use, preparing cider, etc., whicli are often used in 
prescriptions they would seldom, if ever, be obliged to call for the 
pretended pure brandies, rums, gins, etc., of commerce, and intemper- 
ance would die a natural death for want of support. 

And you will please allow me here to correct a common error, 
with regard to tlie presence of alcohol in wines. It is generally 
supposed that wine made from fruit, v/ithout putting some kind of 
spirits into it, does not contain any alcohol; but a greater mistake 
does not exist in the world. Any fruit, the juice of wliich will not 
pass into the vinous fermentation by wliicli alcohol is produced, will 
not make wine at all. Distillation will produce brandy or alcohol 
from any of these fermented liquors. 

There is no wine, of any note, containing less than 10 parts of 
alcohol to 100 parts of the wine; and from tliat amount up to 253^ 
parts; currant, 20)^; gooseberry, 11 ^ ; cider, from 5 to 9 parts; 
porter, 43^; even small beer, 1^ parts or qts. to 100 qts. 

So it will be seen that every quart of fruit wine not made for 
medicine, or sacramental purposes, helps to build up the cause 
(Intemperance) which we all so much desire not to encourage. And 
for tliose who take any kind of spirits for the sake of the spirit, let 
me give you the following: 

2. " Spiritual Facts. — That whis-key is the key by which many 
gain entrance into our prisons and alms-houses. 

3. That brandy brands the noses of all those who cannot govern 
their appetites. 

4. "Thiit punch is the cause of many w;ifriendly puncJies. 

6. That ale causes many aUings, while beer brings to the bier. 

6. That wine causes many to take a winding way home. 

7. That c/iam-pagne is the cause of many real pains. 

§. That gin slings have ''slewed " more than slings of oW 

AGUE MEDICINES.— Dr. Krieder's Pills.— Quinine, 20 grs.; 

Dover's powders, 10 grs. ; sub-carbonate of iron, 10 grs. ; mix with 

mucilage of gum arable and form into 20 pills. DosE.— Two each 

hour, commencing 5 hours before the chill should set in. Then take 
one night and morning, until all are taken. 

I cured myself of Ague with this pill after having it hang on to 



Medical Department. 73 

me for three years with all the common remedies of the day, five 
weeks being the longest I could keep it off, until I obtained the above 
pill. This was before I had studied medicine. I have cured many 
others with it also, never having to repeat the dose only in one case. 
In attacks of ague it is best to take an active cathartic immediately 
after the first "fit,'' unless the bowels are lax, which is not generall}^ 
the case, and by the time the cathartic has worked oft' well, you will 
be prepared to go ahead with the " cure," as soon as you know its 
periodical return. 

2. For ^iivj young children notliing is better than 5 or G grs. of 
quinine in a 2 oz. vial, with one table-spoon of white sugar; then fill 
Avith water. Dose. — A tea-spoon given as above, as to time. A thick 
solution of licorice, however, hides the taste of the quinine quite 
efi'ectualiy. 

3. Ague Bitters. — Quinine, 40 grs.; capsicum, 20 grs., cloves, 
J^ oz. ; cream-of-tartar, 1 oz. ; Avhisky, 1 pt. ; mix. Dose. — 1 to 2 
table-spoons every 2 hours, beginning 8 hours before the chill comes 
on, and 3 times daily for several days. Or, if preferred without 
spirits, take the following : 

4. Ague Powder. — Quinine, 10 grs,; capsicum, 4 grs.; mix, 
and divide into 3 powders. Directions. — Take one 4 hours before 
the chill, one 2 hours, and the third one hour before the chill should 
commence, and it will very seldom commence again. Or, 

5. Ague Mixture without (Juiniiic. — Mrs. Wadsworth, a few 
miles south of this city, has been using the following Ague mixture 
over twenty years, curing, she says, more than forty cases, witiiout 
a failure. She takes — 

Mandrake root, fresh dug, and pounds it ; then squeezes out 
the juice to obtain l)^ table-spoons, with which she mixes the same 
quantity of molasses; then divides it into 3 equal doses of 1 table- 
spoon each, to be given 2 hours apart, commencing so as to take au 
hour before the chill. 

It sickens and vomits some, but she says it will scarcely ever need 
repeating. Then steep dogwood bark, (some call it box-wood,) make 
it strong, and continue to drink it freely for a week or two, at least. 

6. Ague Cure, by a Clairvoyfint. — There is no doubt in my 
mind but what there is much virtue in the following clairvoyant 
prescription, for I have knowledge of the value of one of the roots. 
See "Colic Remedy'' : 

Blue vervain, leaf and top, 1 lb.; bone-set, 3^ lb.; best rye 
whisky, 1 gal. 

The dose was not given, but most persons would take a wine-glass 
five or six times daily. 

7. Ague Cured for a Penny. — It has been discovered that nitric 

4 



74 ^^' Chase' s Recipes. 

acid is of great value in the treatment of Intermittent Fever, or 
Ague. A ph}^sician administered the article in twenty-three cases of 
such fever, and it was successful in all but one, in interrupting the 
paroxysms, and there occurred no relapse. 

In the majority of cases, 5 or G drops of the strong acid, given in 
a little gum mucilnge, every 8 liours, until 60 drops liad been taken, 
were found sufficient to break the fever, and restore the patient to 
health. 

The foregoing confirms the following: 

8. Asriie Anodyne. — Muriatic acid and laudanum, of each 3^ oz.; 
quinine, 40 grs. ; brandy, 4 ozs. Take 1 tea-spoon 9, 6. and 3 hours 
before the chill, until broken; then at 7, 15, and 21 days after, take 3 
doses, and no relapse will be likely to occur. 

I am well satisfied that any preparation of opium, as laudanum, 
morphine, etc., which aftects the nerves, is valuable in ague medicine, 
from its intimate connection with, if not entirely confined to, the 
nervous system ; hence the advantage of the first Ague Pill, the opium 
being in the Dover's powders. 

1 have given this lai'ge number of preparations, and follow with 
one or two more, from the fact that almost every physician will have 
a peculiar prescription of his own, and is generally free to contribute 
his mite for the benefit of the world; and as I have seen about as 
much of it as most book-makers, I have come in for a large share. 
The nature of the articles recommended is such also as to ji»stify 
tlieir insertion in this work. 

9. Febrifuge Wine. — Quinine, 25 grs. ; water, 1 pt. ; sulphuric 
acid, 15 drops; Epsom salts, 2 ozs.; brandy, 1 gill; loaf sugar, 2 
ozs,; color with tincture of red sanders. Dose. — A wine-glass 3 
times per day. 

This is highlj'- recommended by a regular practicing physician 
in one of the ague holes (Saginaw) of the west. It, of course, can 
be taken without any previous preparation of the system. 

10. Tojiic Wine Tincture. — A positive cure for Ague, without 
quinine. Peruvian bark, 2 ozs.; wild cherrj^-tree bark, 1 oz. ; 
cinnamon, 1 dr. ; capsicum, 1 tea-spoon; sulphur, 1 oz.; port wine, 
2 qts. Let stand a week, shaking occasionally. All the articles are 
to be pulverized. Dose. — A wine-glass every 2 or 3 hours through 
the day until broken, then 2 or 3 times per day until all is used. 

Always buy your Peruvian bark, and pulverize it yourself, as most 
of tlie pulverized article is greatly adulterated. This is the reason 
why more cures are not performed by it. 

11. Soot Coffee — Has cured many cases of Ague, after "every- 
thing else " liad failed. It is made as follows; 

Soot scraped from a cliimney, (that from stove-pipes does not do,) 
1 tablespoon, steeped in water 1 pt., and settled with 1 it^g beaten up 



Medical Department. 75 

in a little water, as for other coffee, with sugar and cream, 3 times 
daily with the meals, in place of other coffee. 

It has come in very much to aid restoration in Typhoid Fever, 
bad cases of Jaundice, Dyspepsia, etc., etc. 

Many persons will stick up their noses at these " old oTandmother 
prescriptions," but I tell many "upstart physicians" that our grand- 
mothers are carrying more information out of the world, by their 
deaths, than will ever be possessed by this c hiss of "sniffei-s," and/ 
really thank God, so do thousands of others, that He has enabled me, 
in this work, to reclaim such an amount of it for the benefit of the 
world. 

12. Balmony, % of a pint basin of loose leaves; till with 
boiling water and steep; drink the whole in the course of the day, 
and repeat 3 or 4 days, or until well. 

It has cured many cases of Ague. It is valuable in Jaundice, and 
all diseases of the Liver; and also for worms, by the mouth and by 
Injection. It is also valuable in D3^spepsia, Inflammatory and Febrile 
diseases, generally. 

NIGHT SWEATS— To Relieye.-- After Agues, Fevers, etc., and 
in Consumption, many persons are troubled with " Night Sweats." 
They are caused by weakness or general debility. For their relief: 

Take ess. of tans}", 3^ oz.; alcohol, J^^ oz. ; water, ^ oz. ; quinine, 
15 grs. ; muriatic acid, 30 drops; mix. Dose. — 1 tea-spoon in a gill 
of cold sage tea. 

It should be taken two or three times during the day, and at bed 
time; and the cold sage tea should be used freely as a drink, also, 
until cured. It will even cure Ague, also, by repeating the above 
dose every hour, beginning twelve to lifteen hours before the chill. 

FETERS. — General Improved Treatment for Bilious, Typlioid, 
and Scarlet Fevers, Congestive Chills, etc. ; also valuable in 
Diarrlioea, Summer-Complaint, Cliolera-Infantuni, and all Forms 
of Fever in Children. — Tlie symptoms of fever are generally under- 
stood, yet I vv'ill give the characteristic features by which it will 
always be detected : Cold chills followed by a hot skin; a quickened 
pulse, with a weak and languid feeling of distress ; also, loss of 
appetite, thirst, restlessness, scanty excretions; in fact, every function 
of the body is more or less deranged. Of course, then, that which 
will restore all the different machinery to healthy action, will restore 
health. That is what the following Febrifuge has done in hundreds 
of cases — so attested to by " Old Doctor Cone," from whose work on 
"Fevers and Febrile Diseases" I first obtained the outlines of the 
treatment, and it gives me pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness 
to him through fourteen years of neighborhood acquaintance, alwaj'S 
finding him as willing to communicate as qualified to practice, and 



76 Dr. Chasers Recipes. 

daring, in breaking away from "Medical Society Rules," to accom- 
plish good. 

Febrifuge for Feyers in (xeneral.— Carbonate of ammonia, 2 
drs. ; alum, 1 dr.; capsicum, foreign gentian, Colombo root, and 
prussiate of iron, all pulverized, of each ^o ^^'' '1 "^ix> by putting into 
a bottle, adding cold water, 4 ozs. Dose. — One tea-spoon to a grown 
person, every 2 hours, in common cases of fever. It may be sweet- 
ened, if preferred. Sliake Avell eacli time before giving, jmd keep 
tlie bottle tiglitly corked. 

The i)l)ilosophy of this treatment is, the caibonnate of ammonia 
neutralizes the acidity of the stomach, and determines to, and relaxes 
tlie surface; and with tlie capsicum is a hundred per cent, more effi- 
cient. The ahun constringes, soothes, and aids in i-elieving the irritated 
and engorged nuicous membrane of the stomach, and linally operates 
as a gentle laxative. The Colombo and gentian are gently astringent 
and stimulating, but chiefly tonic, and tlie prussiate of iron is tonic; 
and in their combination are (as experience will and has proved) the 
most efficient and safe Febrifuge, in all forms and grades of fever yet 
known. We therefore wish to state tliat, after twenty-live years' 
experience in the treatment of disease, we have not been able to 
obtain a knowledge of anj^ course of treatment that will begin 
to compare witli that given above, for the certain, speedy and effectual 
cure of all forms of fever; and all that is requisite, is, to have 
sufficient confidence in the course of treatment recommended; to use 
it from thi-ee to five, and in extreme cases, seven days as directed, 
and that confidence will be inspired in all who use it, whether 
physician (if unprejudiced) or patient, or the heads of families. 
Eemember, all processes in nature require time for their accom- 
plishment. 

After the patient has been twenty-four hours without fever, or 
if the patient be pale, blanched, with a cool surface and feeble 
pulse, at the commencement of fever, prepare the following ; 

2. Febrifuge Tea. — Take Viiginia snakeroot and valerian root, 
of each 2 drs. ; boiling water one pt. Pour the boiling water on 
the I'oots and steep 1^ an hour, and give a tea-spoon of the 
Febrifuge and a table-spoon of this Tea together every 2 hours, and 
after he has been another 24 hours witiiout fever, give it every 
3 or 4 hour-s, until the patient has good appetite and digestion, then 
3 times daily, just before meals, until the patient has gained consid- 
erable strength, when it may be entirely discontinued; or he may 
continue the simple infusion, to aid digestion. 

A strong tea of wild cherry bark makes the best substitute for 
the snakeroot tea, and especially if mercury has been previously used 
in the case; and if it has, it is best to continue the cherry bark tea 
until the patient is entirely recovered. 



Medical Department. 77 

A patient using this treatment, if bilious, may vomit bile a few 
times, or if there is congestion of the stomach, he will probably vomit 
occasionally for a few hours, but it will soon subside. It will not purge, 
except a patient be very bilious, in wliich case there will probably be 
two or three bilious discharges ; but it gives so much tone to the action 
of the stomach and bowels as to secure regular operations ; but if the 
bowels should not be moved in two or three days, give injections of 
warm water, or warm water with a little salt in it. 

Give the patient all the plain, wholesome diet, of any kind, he will 
take, especially broiled ham, mush and rich milk, boiled rice, milk or 
dry toast, hot mealy potatoes, boiled or roasted, with good fresh butter, 
etc., etc. ; and good pure cold water, or tea and coffee, seasoned to the 
taste, as drinks, and keep the person and bed clean, and room quiet and 
undistuibed by conversation, or any other noise, and see that it is well 
ventilated. 

If there should be extreme pain in the head when the fever is at 
the highest, or in the back or loins, and delirium at night, with intol- 
erance of light and noise ; in such cases, in addition to keeping the 
room cool, dark, and quiet, and giving the febrifuge regularly, as above 
directed, take the following : 

S« Fever Liniment,— Sulphuric ether and aqua ammonia, of each 
1 oz. ; muriate of ammonia, ig oz. ; mix, and shake the bottle, and wet 
the scalp and all pamful parts, every 2 or 3 hours, until the pain abates. 
Keep tightly corked. 

After the application of the liniment, fold a muslin cloth four or 
five thicknesses, dip it in cold water, and apply it to the head or any part 
afflicted with sevare pain; or to the pit of the stomach, if there be 
much vomiting ; and it may be renewed every three or four hours. 

Besides the above treatment, dip a towel in cold water, and rub the 
patient off briskly and thoroughly, and be careful to wipe perfectly dry, 
with a clean, hot and dry towel ; this may be repeated every three or 
four hours, if the skin be very hot and dry ; but if the surface be pale, 
cool, moist, livid, or lead-colored, omit the general sponging ; but the 
face, neck and hands may be washed occasionally, but be sure to wipe 
perfectly dry with a clean, hot and dry towel. But if he be very 
pale and blanched, with a cool or cold surface, or have a white circle 
around his mouth and nose, or be covered with a cold, clammy perspir- 
ation, give the Febrifuge every hour, until the above symptoms 
disappear, giving the patient hot coffee or tea, pennyroyal, sage, balm, 
or mint tea, r.s hot as he can sup them, and as freely as possible, and 
make hot applications to his person, and put a bottle of hot water to 
the soles of his L-et ; and after this tendency to prostration is overcome, 
then give the Febrifuge once in two hours as before only. 

Children will use the medicine in all respects as directed for grown 
persons, giving to a child one year old a fourth of a tea-spoon, or 



78 Dr. Chasers Recipes. 

fifteen drops ; if under a year old, a little less, (we have frequently 
arrested Cholera Infantum with the Febrifuge, in children under six 
months old, and in some instances under a month old,) and increase the 
dose in proportion to the age above a year old, giving half a tea-spoon 
to a child from three to six, and three-fourths of a tea-spoon from six 
to ten years old, and so on ; and be sure to offer children some food 
several times a day, the best of which is broiled smoked ham, good 
stale wheat bread boiled in good i-ich milk, mush and milk, boiled rice, 
etc. but animal die t agrees best, and especially in cases or Summer Com- 
plaint, or Cholera Infantum, the diet had better be almost exclusively 
animal. It will be difficult to use the infusion of snakeroot with 
children that are too young to obey the mandate of parents, and the 
Febrifuge may be mttde sweet, with white or loaf sugar, for young 
children, so as to cover its taste as much as possible, but older children 
will be benefited very much by the use of the infusion of snakeroot 
and valerian, and should take it as prescribed for adults, of course, 
adapting the dose to the age of the patient. 

4. Note. — The above treatment, if persevered in for a short 
time, is effectual in arresting Diarrhoea, Summer Complaint, Cholera 
Infantum, and all forms of Fever in children. Give it every two hours, 
or if the j)atient be very feeble and corpse-like, give it every hour until 
there is reaction, and then give it every two hours, as prescribed 
for fever in general, and you will be satisfied with the result after a 
short time. 

5. Typhoid Fever.— If the patient be Typhoid, that is, if his 
tongue be brown or black, and dry in the centre, with glossy red 
edges ; if he have Diarrhoea, with thin, watery, or muddy stools, and a 
tumid or swollen belly, he will pr obably have a rapid, or frequent, and 
small pulse, and be delirious • and rest but little at night ; under these 
circumstances, give the Febrifuge in the Tea, No. 2, as for fevers in 
general, every two hours, and give, also, the following: 

6. Febrifiig-e Balsam.— Gum camphor, 80 grs. ; balsam copaiba, 
sweet spirits of nitre, compound spirits of lavender, of each 3^ oz. 

Shake the vial, and give forty drops every four hours, in v;ith the 
other medicine, until the tongue becomes moist, and the Diarrhoea is 
pretty well subdued, when you will discontinue this preparation, and 
continue the Febrifuge and snakeroot tea, as directed for fever in 
general. 

Note. — We do not believe that one case of fever in a thousand will 
develop Typhoid symptoms, unless such cases have been injured in the 
treatment of the first stage, by a reducing course of medicine, as bleed- 
ing, vomiting, emetic tarr.ar, purging, especially with calomel, and 
compound extract of colocynth, or oil, salts, or infusion of senna, and 
the common cooling powder, which is composed of saltpetre or nitre, 
and tartar emetic or ipecac, all of which irritate the mucous membrane 



Medical Department. 79 

of the stomach and bowels, and consequently produce determination of 
blood to these parts, that results in irritation, engorgement, congestion, 
inflammation, and consequently Typhoid Fever. 

If fever is attended with the Dysentery, or Bloody-Flux, it should 
be treated in the same manner precisely as Typhoid Fever, as it is 
nothing but Typhoid Fever with inflammation of the large, and some- 
times small bowels. The treatment given for Typhoid Fever above, 
will cure all forms of Dysentery as it does fever, but the bloody and 
slimy discharges will continue for two or three days after the fever is 
subdued and the appetite and digestion are restored, and at times, 
especially if t]i3 patient discharge bile, which will be green, there will 
be a good deal of pain at stool, which, however, will soon subside. 

7. Scarlet Fever.— If you have Scarlet Fever, treat it in all 
respects as fever in general, and if the patient's throat should show any 
indications of swelling, apply the Fever Liniment No. 3, and make the 
application of cold water in the same manner as there directed ; and 
it had better be repeated every three or four hours until the swelling is 
entirely subdued, when the wet cloth should be substituted by a warm, 
dry, flannel one ; but if the patient's throat should ulcerate, give a few 
drops of the Febrifuge every half hour, or hour, until the dark sloughs 
separate, and the throat looks red and clean, when you need only 
give the medicine at regular intervals, as recommended for fever in 
general, that is, every two hours. If this treatment be pursued at the 
onset, the throat will seldom, if ever, ulcerate. 

8. Congestive, or Sinking Chill. — In case of Congestive, or Sink- 
ing Chill, give the Febrifuge as directed for fever in general ; but if the 
patient be insensible and cold, or drenched in a cold perspiration, give 
the Febrifuge in a table-spoon of the snakeroot and valerian tea every 
hour until the patient becomes warm, and then give it every two hours 
to within twelve hours of the time he anticipates another chill, when 
you will give the following : 

9. Stimulating Tonic. — Sulphate of quinine, 20 grs. ; pulverized 
capsicum, 30 grs.; pulverized carbonate ot ammonia, 90 grs.; mix and 
put into a bottle, and add 15 tea-spoons of cold water, and give a tea- 
spoon, together with a tea-spoon of the Febrifuge, every hour, either 
alone, or what is better, in a tea-spoon of the snakeroot and valerian 
tea, for 15 hours. 

The patient should lie in bed and drink freely of pennyroyal tea, 
or hot cofiee, or some other hot tea, and after the time has elapsed for 
the chill, give the same as for fever in general, until the patient is 
entirely recovered. The above treatmeat will arrest any form of Ague, 
and the after treatment will, with any degree of care, prevent its return. 
Or the Ague may be arrested most speedily, by taking one grain of 



8o Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

quinine in a tea-spoon of the Febrifuge every hour for six hours pre- 
ceding a paroxysm, and then pursue the above tonic course. 

I have given tlie foregoing treatment for fevers, because I know 
that it is applicable in all cases, and that the articles are kept by all 
druggists. But there is a better, because quicker method of cure, and 

1 am very sorry to say that for want of knowledge in regard to the 
value of medicine, it is not usually kept by druggists. I mean the 
Tincture of Gelseminum, It is an unrivaled Febrifuge. It relaxes the 
system, without permanent prostration of strength. Its specific action 
is to cloud the vision, give double-sightedness and inability to open the 
eyes, with distressed prostration ; which will gradually oass off in a few 
hours, leaving the patient refreshed, and if combined with quinine, 
completely restored. To administer it : 

10. Take the tincture of gelseminum, 50 drops, put into a vial, 
and add 5 tea-spoons of water ; quinine, 10 grs. Shake when used. 
Dose. — One tea-spoon in half a glass of sweetened water, and repeat 
every two hours. 

Watch carefully its action, and as soon as you discover its specific 
action, as mentioned above, give no more. 

Dr. Hale, of this city, one of the more liberal class of physicians 
(and I use the term liberal as synonymous with the term successful,) 
prefers to add twenty-five drops of the tincture of veratrum viride with 
the gelseminum, and give as there directed. And in case that their fall 
specific action should be brought on, give a few spoons of brandy, to raise 
the patient from his stupor, or what is preferable : 

11. Carbonate of ammonia, 3=^ oz. ; water, 4 ozs. ; mix. Dose.-^ 
One table-spoon every 15 or 20 minutes, until revived. 

If Dr. Hale's addition should be used, it will be found applicable in 
all cases of fever, except in Typhoid accompanied with its own exces- 
sive prostration ; without the addition of the veratrum \K is applicable 
in all cases of fever above described. Of course, in all cases where the 
fever is thus subdued, you will continue quinine, or some other appro- 
priate tonic treatment, to perfect a cure, and prevent a relapse. And 
it might not be amiss here to give a plan of preparing a nourishing and 
agreeable lemonade for the sick, and especially for persons afflicted with 
fever : 

12. Lemonade, Nourishing, for Fever Patients.— Arrowroot, 

2 or 3 tea-spoons, rubbed up with a little cold water, in a bowl or 
pitcher which will hold about 1 qt. ; then squeeze in the juice of half of 
a good sized lemon, with two or three table-spoons of white sugar, and 
pour on boiling water to fill the dish, constantly stirring whilst adding 
the boiling water. 

Cover the dish, and when cold, it may be freely drank to allay 
thirst, as also to nourish the weak. But some will prefer the following : 



Medical Department, 8i 

13. Prof. Hiifeland's Drink for Feyer Patients or Excessire 

Thirst.— Cream of tartar, i^ oz. ; water, 3 qts. ; boil until dissolved ; 
after taking it from the fire, add a sliced orange, with Irom l)^ to 3 ozs. 
of white sugar, according to the taste of the patient ; bottle and keep 
cool.' 

To be used for a common drink in fevers of all grades, and at any- 
time when a large amount of drink is craved by the invalid. Neither is 
there any bad taste to it for those in health. 

UTERINE HEMORilHAGES.-Prof. Piatt's Treatment, Twenty 
Years without a Failure.— Sugar of lead, 10 grs. ; ergot, 10 grs. ; 
opium, 3 grs. ; ipecac, 1 gr. ; all pulverized and well mixed. Dose. — 
10 to 12 grs., given in a little honey or syrup. 

In very bad cases after childbirth, it might be repeated in thirty 
minutes, or tlie dose increased to fifteen or eighteen grains; but in 
cases of rather profuse wasting, I'epeat it once at the end of three 
hours, will usually be found all that is necessary. If not, repeat 
occasionally, as the urgency of the case may seem to require. 

Prof. Piatt is connected with Antioch College, O., and has been a 
very successful practitioner. 

DYSPEPSIA. — In the good old days of corn bread and crust coffee, 
there was but little trouble with Dj^spepsia; but since the days of 
fashionable intemperance, both in eating and drinking, such as spirit- 
uous liquors, wines, beers, ale, tea, and coffee, hot bread or biscuit, 
high seasoned food, overloading the stomach at meals, and constant 
eating and drinking between meals, bolting the food, as called — that 
is, swallowing it without properly chewing — excessive venery, want 
of out-door exercise, with great anxiety of mind as to how the means 
can be made to continue the same indulgences, etc., all have a 
tendency to debilitate the stomach, and bring on, or cause Dyspepsia. 

And it would seem to the Author that the simple statement of its 
cause — the truth of which no one can reasonably doubt — would be 
sufficient to at least suggest its cure. But I am willing to state that, as 
a general thing, this over-indulgence would not be continued, nor 
would it have been allowed, had they known its awful consequences. 
I know that this was true in my own case, in all its points; this was, 
of course, before I had studied, or knew but little of, the power of 
the human system or the practice of medicine, and it was for the 
purpose of finding something to cure myself, that I commenced its 
study; for it was by years of over-indulgence at table, and between 
meals, in the grocery business which I was carrying on, that I brought 
on such a condition of the stomach that eating gave me the most 
intolerable suffering — a feeling almost impossible to describe ; first a 
feeling of goneness or want of support at the stomach ; heat, lassitude, 
and finally pain, until a thousand deaths would have been a great 
relief; drink was craved, and the more I drank the more intolerable 



82 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

the suffering — apple cider, vinegar and water made palatable with 
sugar, excepted. It might be asked at this point, what did I do? I 
would ask, what could I do? Eat, I could not; drink, I could not. 
Then what else was to be done, only to do without either. What, 
starve? No. 

Treatment. — Take, — no just stop taking. *' Throw all medicine 
to the dogs," — yes, and food also. What, starve ? No, but simply get 
hungry. Who ever heard of a dyspeptic^ being hungry? at least, 
tnose who eat three meals a day. They eat because tlie victuals taste 
good — mouth hunger only. 

The last year or two of my dyspeptic life, I only ate because it 
was eating time, and supposed I must eat or die, when I only died 
forty deaths by eating. 

All physicians whose books I have read, and all whose prescrip- 
tions I have obtained, say: ''Eat little and often; drink little and 
often.'' I say eat a little, and at the right time — that is, when hungry 
at the stomach; drink a little, and at the right time — that is, after 
digestion. And it is of just as much importance to eat and drink the 
right tiling, as at the right time. 

Persons have been so low in Dyspepsia, that even one tea-spoon 
of food on the stomach would not rest. In such cases let nothing be 
taken by mouth for several days; but inject gruel, rice water, rich 
broths, etc. But these cases occur very seldom. 

First. — Then, with ordinary cases, if there is much heat of the 
stomach, at bed-time, wet a towel in cold water, wringing it out that 
it may not drip, and lay it over the stomach, having a piece of flannel 
over it to prevent wetting the clothes. This will soon allay the heat, 
but keep it on during the night, and at any subsequent time, as may 
be needed. 

Second. — In the morning, 'if you have been in the habit of eating 
about two large potatoes, two pieces of steak, two slices of bread, or 
from four to six hot pancakes, or two to four hot biscuits, and 
drinking one to three cups of tea or coffee— Hold, hold, you cry. No, 
let me go on. I have many times seen all these eaten, with butter, 
honey, or molasses, too large in amount to be mentioned, with a taste 
of every other thing on the table, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, etc., 
etc., and all by dyspeptics; but, 

You will stop this morning on half of one potato, two inches 
square of steak, and half of one slice of cold wheat bread — or I 
prefer, if it will agree with you, that you use the " Yankee Brown 
Bread,'' only the same quantity; eat very slow^ cheio perfectJy fine, and 
swallow it without watevt tea, or coffee; neither nmst you drink any, not 
a drop, until one hour before meal time again, then as little as possible, 
so as you think not quite to choke to death. 

Third. — The question now to be settled is, did you siLffer from the 



Medical Department. 83 

abundance of your breakfast, or from the kind of food taken ? If you 
did take less next time, or change the hind^ until you ascertain the 
proper quantity and kind, which enables you to overcome this exceed- 
ing suftering after meals; nay, more, which leaves you perfectly 
comfortable after meals. 

Lastly. — You now have the whole secret of curing the worst case 
of Dyspepsia in tlie world. You will, however, bear in mind that 
years have been spent in indulgence; do not, therefore, expect to cure 
it in days^ nay, it will take months^ possibly a whole year of self- 
denial, watchfulness, and care; and even then, one overloading of the 
stomach at a Christmas pudding will set you back again for months. 
Make up your mind to eat only simple food, and that in small quan- 
tities, notwithstanding an over anxious wife, or other friend, will say, 
now do try a little of this nice pie, pudding, or other dish, no matter 
what it may be. Oh, now, do have a cup of this nice coffee, they will 
often ask; but no, no, must be the invariable answer, or you are again 
a "goner." For there is hardly an}' disease equally liable to relapse 
as Dyspepsia; and indulgence in a variety of food, or overeating any 
one kind, or even watery vegetables or fruit, will be almost certain to 
make the patient pay dear for the whistle. 

Then you must eat only such food as 3'ou know to agree with you, 
and in just as small quantities as will keep you in health. Drink no 
fluids until digestion is over, or about four hours after eating, until 
the stomach has become a little strong, or toned up to bear it, then one 
cup of the "Dyspeptic Coffee," or one cup of the "Coffee Made 
Healthy," may be used. But more difficulty is experienced from over- 
drinking than overeating. Most positivelj'' must dyspeptics avoid cold 
water with their meals. If the saliva and gastric juice are diluted 
with an abundance of any fluid, they never liave the same properties 
to aid, or carry on digestion, which they had before dilution. Then 
the only hope of the dyspeptic is to use no fluid with his food, nor 
until digestion has had her perfect work. 

Caution. — I may be allowed to give a word of caution to mothers 
as well as all others. One plate of food is enough for health — two, 
and even three, are often eaten. Most persons have heard of the lady 
who did not want a ''cartload," but when she got to eating, it all 
disappeared, and the retort, "Back up your cart and I will load it 
again," was just what I would have expected to hear if the load had 
been given to a dyspeptic, which it no doubt Avas. Then learn the 
proper amount of food necessary for health, and when that is eaten 
by yourself or child, stop. If pudding is on the table, and you choose 
to have a little of it, it is all I'ight — have some pudding; if pie, have a 
piece of pie; or cake, have a piece of cake; but do not have all, and 
that after you have eaten twice as much meat victuals as health 
requires. If apples, melons, raisins, or nuts are on the table, and 



84 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

you wish some of them, eat them before meal, and never after it. If 
surprise is manifested around you, say you eat to live^ not live to eat. The 
reason for this is, that persons will eat all they need, and often more, 
of common food, then eat nuts, raisins, melons, etc., until the stomach 
is not only filled beyond comfort, but actually distended to its utmost 
capacity of endurance; being led on by the taste^ when if the reverse 
course was taken, the stomach becomes satisfied when a proper amount 
of the more common food has been eaten, after the others. 

Are you a grocer, and constantly nibbling at raisins, candy, cheese 
apples, and every other edible ? Stop until just before meal, then eat 
what you like, go to your meal, and return, not touching again until 
meal-time, and you are safe; continue the nibbjing and you do it at 
tiie sacrifice of future health. Have you children, or other young 
persons under you care ? See that they eat only a reasonable quantity 
at meals and not anything between them. Do this^ and I am willing 
to be called a fool by the younger ones, which I am sure to be* but 
do it not, and t?ie fool will suffer for his folly. 

Tou may consider me a hard doctor. Be it so then. The drunk- 
ard calls him hard names who says, give up your "cups." But as 
sure as he would die a drunkard, so sure will you die a dyspeptic 
unless you give up your overeating and overdrinking of water, tea, 
coffee, wine, beer, ale, etc. Now you know the consequences, suit 
yourselves; but I have paid too dearly for my experience, not to lift 
a warning voice, or spare the guilty. 

In recent cases, and in cases brought on by over-indulgence at 
some extra rich meal, you will find the "Dj^^speptic Tea," made from 
" Thompson's Composition," will be all suflicient, as spoken of under 
that head, which see. 

2. The wild black cherries put into Jamaica rum, are highly 
recommended, made very strong with the cherries, and without sugar; 
but I should say put them into some of the domestic wines, or what 
would be still better, make a wine directly from them, according to 
the directions under the head of "Fruit Wines." 

3. Old "Father Pinkney," a gentleman of ninety years of age, 
assures me that he has cured many bad cases of Dyspepsia, where 
they would give up their over-indulgences, by taking: 

Blue flag root, washed clean, and free from specks and rotten 
streaks, then pounding it and i^utting into a little warm water, and 
straining out the milky juice, and adding sufficient pepper-sauce to 
make it a lltte hot. Dose.— One table-spoon 3 times a day. 

It benefits by its action on the liver, and it would be good in 
Liver Complaints, the pepper also stimulating the stomach. See 
" Soot Coffee," No. 12, amongst the Ague medicines. 

LARYXGITIS.— luflainination of the Throat.— This complaint 
in a chronic form has become ver}"^ prevalent, and is a disease which is 



Medical Department. 85 

aggrravated by every change of weather, more especially in the fall 
and winter months. It is considered, and that justly, a very hard 
disease to cure, but with caution, time, and a rational course of 
treatment, it can be cured. 

The difficulty with most persons is, they think that it is an 
uncommon disease, and consequently they must obtain some uncom- 
mon preparation to cure it; instead of which, some of the more simple 
remedies, as follows, will cure nearly every case, if persevered in a 
sufficient length of time. First, then, take the: 

Alterative for Diseases of the Skin. — Compound tincture of 
Peruvian bark, 6 ozs. ; lluid extract of sarsaparilla, 1 lb. ; extract of 
coniiim, )^ oz.; iodate of potash, (often called hj^driodate), %_ oz,; 
iodine, 3^ dr.; dissolve the extract of conium aad the powders in a 
little of the fluid, and mix all. Dose. — Two tea-spoons three times 
daily, before meals, until all is taken. Sliake the bottle well before 
using. 

In the next place, take the: 

2. Gargle for Sore Throat. — Very strong sage tea, 3^ pt. ; 
strained honey, common salt, and strong vinegar, of each 2 table 
spoons; cayenne, the pulverized, one rounding tea-spoon; steeping the 
cayenne with the sage, strain, mix, and bottle for use, gargling from 
4 to a dozen times daily according to the severity of the case. 

This is one of the very best gargles in use. By persevering some 
three months, I cured a case of two years' standing, where the mouths 
of the Eustachian tubes constantly discharged matter at their open- 
ings through the tonsils into the patient's mouth, he having 
previously been quite deaf, the whole throat being also diseased. I 
used the preparation for "Deafness" also, as mentioned under that 
head. 

Remembering always to breathe through nature's channel for the 
breath, the nose. 

Besides the foregoing, you will wash the whole surface twice a 
week with plenty of the "Toilet Soap," in water, wiping dry, then 
with a coarse dry towel rub the whole surface for ten minutes at least, 
and accomplish the coarse towel part of it every night and morning 
imtil the skin will remain through the day with its flushed surface and 
genial heat. This draws the blood from the throat and other internal 
organs, or in other words, equalizes the circulation. Know, and act 
upon this fact, and no inflammation can long exist, no matter where 
it is located. Blood accumulates in the part inflamed, but let it flow 
evenly through the whole system, and of course there can be no 
inflammation. 

You will also apply to the throat and breast the following: 

3. Sore Throat Liniment. — Gum camphor, 2 ozs.; castile soap 
shaved fine, 1 dr. ; oil of turpentine, 1 table-spoon ; oil of origanum, 



S6 Dr, Chase' s Recipes. 

y^ oz.; opium, 3^ oz. ; alcohol, 1 pt. In a weok or teu days it will be 
fit for use, then bathe the parts freely 2 or 3 times daily. 

This liniment would be found useful in almost any throat or other 
disease where an outward application might be needed. If the fore- 
going treatment should fail, there is no alternative but to bring in 
emetics with the other treatment, and continue them for along time. 

I mention the emetic plan last, from the fact that so many people 
utterly object to the emetic treatment. But when everything else fails, 
that steps in and saves the j^atient, which goes to show how unjust the 
prejudice. B}^ the phrase, a long time, I mean several weeks, twice 
daily at first, then once a day, and finally thrice to twice a week, etc. 
A part of this course, you will see by the following, is corroborated by 
the celebrated Lung and Throat Doctor, S. S. Fitch, of New York, 
who says "it is a skin disease, and that purifying medicines are 
necessary to cleanse the blood — taking long, full breaths," etc. This 
is certainly good sense. His treatment of throat diseases is summed 
up in the following: 

Note. — " Wear but little clothing around the neck — chew often a 
little nut-gall and swallow the juice — wear a wet cloth about the throat 
at night, having a dry towel over it — bathe freely all over, as in con- 
sumption, and especially bathe the throat with cold water every 
morning, also wash out the inside of the throat with cold water — avoid 
crowded rooms — gargle with a very weak solution of nitrate of silver 
— chewing gold-thread and swallowing the juice and saliva from it — 
borax and honey occasionally, and gum arable water, if much irritation 
-^use the voice as little as possible until well, also often using a 
liniment externally." 

I had hoped for very much benefit from using croton-oil exter- 
iiall3% but time has shown that the advantage derived from it is not 
sufficient to remunerate for the excessive irritation caused by its 
continued application. 

4. Smoking dried mullein leaves in a pipe not having been used 
for tobacco, is said to have cured many cases of Laryngitis. And I 
find in my last Eclectic Medical Journal so strong a corroboration, 
taken from the 3Iedical and Surgical Reporter, of this fact, that I cannot 
refrain from giving the quotation. It says : "in that form of disease 
in which there is dryness of the trachea, iciih a constant desire to clear 
the throat, attended with little expectoration, and considerable pain in 
the part eftected, the mullein smoked through a pipe acts like a charm 
and aftbrds instant relief. It seems to act as an anodyne in allaying 
irritation, while it promotes expectoration, and removes that gelatin- 
ous mucus which gathers in the larynx, and, at the same time, by 
some unknown j^oimr, completely changes the nature of the disease, 
and, if persevered in, will produce a radical cure." 

We read in a certain place of a gentleman who was walking 



Medical Department. gy 

around and through a great city, and he came across an inscription 
"Tothei^«^wo?f?« God,"— and directly we find him explaining that 
unknown Being to the astonished inhabitants. And I always feel, 
lik€ this old-fashioned gentleman, to cry out, upon every convenient 
occasion, my belief, that it was that God's great wisdom^ seeing what 
was required, and His exceeding goodness, providing according to our 
necessities, this wonderful, and, to some, that unknown power in the 
thousands of plants around us. What matters it to us how it is done ? 
If the cure is performed, it is sufficient. 

Since the publication of the foregoing, in the ninth edition, I have 
been smoking the dried mullein, and recommending it to others. It 
has given general satisfaction for coughs aiul as a substitute for 
tobacco in smoking, exhilarating the nerves, and allaying the hacking 
coughs from recent colds, by breathing the smoke into the lungs. In 
one instance, after retiring, I could not rest from an irritation in the 
upper portion of the lungs and throat, frequently hacking without 
relief only for a moment. I arose, filled my pipe with mullein, 
returning to bed, I smoked the pipeful, drawing it into the lungs, and 
did not cough again during the night. 

An old gentleman, an inveterate smoker, from my suggestion 
began to mix the mullein with his tobacco, one-fourth at first, for a 
while, then half, and finally three-fourths; at this point he rested. It 
satisfied in place of the full amount of tobacco, and cured a cough 
Avhich had been left upon him after inflammation of the lungs. The 
flavor can hardly be distinguished from the flavor of tobacco smoke, 
in I'ooms, 

It can be gathered any time during the season, the centre stem 
removed, carefully dried, and rubbed fine, when it is ready for use. 
It gives a pipe the phthisic, as fast as it cures one on the patient; but 
the clay pipe, which is to be used, can be readily cleansed by burning 
out. 

Here is the "Substitute for Tobacco" for which the French have 
offered 50, 000 francs. 

It can be made into cigars by using a tobacco-leaf wrapper. 

Catarrh is often more or less connected with that disease. In such 
cases, in connection with the above treatment, take several times daily 
of the following: 

Catarrh Snuff.— Scotch snuff, 1 oz. ; chloride of lime, dried and 
pulverized, 1 rounding tea-spoon ; mix, and bottle, corking tightly. 

The snuft' has a tendency to aid the secretion from the parts; and 
the chloride corrects unpleasant fetor. 

CANCERS.— To Cure.— Method of Dr. Laiidolfl, (Surgeon- 
General of the Neapolitan Army,) and several Successful American 
Methods.— Tlie principle upon which the treatment is based> consists 



88 Dr. Chasers Recipes. 

in transforming a tumor of malignant cliaracter, by conferring upon 
it a character of benignity, which admits of cure. This transforma- 
tion is effected by cauterization witli an agent looked upon as specific, 
viz., chloride of bromine, combined or not with other substances, 
which have been tried, but have hitherto been employed separately. 
The internal treatment is merely auxiliary. (Cancers may be known 
from otlier tumors by their shooting or lancinating pains; and if an 
open sore, from their great fetor. — Author. ) The formulas for the 
caustics are witli tlie exception of a few cases, the following: 

Equal parts of tlie chlorides of zinc, gold, and antimony, mixed 
with a sufficient quantity of flour to form a viscid paste. 

At Vienna, he used a mixture of the same substances in different 
proportions; chloride of bromine, 3 parts; chloride of zinc, 2 parts; 
chloride of gold and antimony, each 1 part; made into a thick paste 
with powdered licorice root. This preparation should be made in an 
open place, on account of the gases wliicli are disengaged. 

The essential element is the chloride of bromine, which has often, 
been employed alone; thus, chloride of bromine from 23^ to 4 drs., 
and put licorice root as much as sufficient. 

The chloride of zinc is indispensable in ulcerated cancers, in 
which it acts as a hemastatic, (stopping blood). Tlie chloride of gold 
is only useful in cases of encephaloid (brain-like) cancers, in whicli it 
exercises a special, if not a specific action. Cancers of the skin, 
(epitheliomas,) lupus, and small cystosarcomas, (watery or bloody 
tumors,) are treated with bromine mixed with basilicon ointment in 
the proportion of one part of bromine to eiglit of the ointment. The 
application should not extend to the healthy parts, its action being 
often propogated through a space of one or two lines. The paste 
is only allowed to remain on about twenty-four hours. On 
removing the dressing, a line of demarkation is almost always found 
separating the healthy from the morbid parts. The tumor is itself in 
part whitish and part reddish, or marbled with yellow and blue. The 
caustic is replaced with the poultice, or with compresses smeared with 
basilicon ointment only, which are to be removed every three hours 
until the scar is detached; the pain progressively diminishing in 
proportion as the mortification advances, the line of demarkation 
daily becomes more evident; about the fourth or fifth day the cauter- 
ized portion begins to rise, and from the eighth to the fifteenth day it 
becomes detached, or can be removed with forceps, and without pain, 
exposing a suppurating surface, secreting pus of a good quality and 
covered with healthy granulations. If any points remain of less 
satisfactory appearance, or present traces of morbid growth, a little of 
the paste is to be again applied, then dress the sore as you would a 
simple ulcer. If the suppuration proceeds too slowly, dress it with 
lint dipped in the following solution: 



Medical Department, 89 

Chloride of bromine, 20 or 30 drops; Goulard's Extract, from 1 to 
2 drs ; distilled water, 16 ozs. 

In the majority of cases healing takes place rapidly, cicatrization 
progresses from the circumference to the center, no complications 
supervene, and the cicatrix (scar), resembles that left by a cutting 
instrument. His internal remedy, to prevent a relapse, is: 

Chloride of bromine, 2 drops; powder of the seeds of water fenel, 
23 grs. ; extract of hemlock, (Conium Maculatum,) 12 grs. ; mix and 
divide into 20 pills; one to be taken daily for two months, and after 
that, two pills dail}^ for a month or two longer, one night and morning 
after meals. 

In any case of Cancer, either the foregoing, internal remedy, or 
some of the other Alteratives, should be taken two or three weeks 
before the treatment is commenced, and should also be continued 
several weeks after its cure. 

2. Dr. H. G. Judkius' Method. — This gentleman, of Malaga, 
Monroe county, Ohio, takes: 

Chloride of zinc, the size of a hazel-nut, and puts enough water 
with it to make a thin paste, then mixes with it equal parts of flour, 
andlinely pulverized charcoal, sufhcient to form a tolerable stiif paste. 

He spreads this on a soft piece of sheep skin, sufficiently large to 
cover the tumor, and applies every two days until it is detached, then 
dresses it with " Judkins' Ointment," which see. Again — 

3. L. S. Hodgkius' Method. — This gentleman is a merchant, of 
Reading, Mich. The method is not original with him, but he cured 
his wife with it, of cancer of the breast, after having been pronounced 
incurable. Some would use it because it contains calomel — others 
would not use it for the same reason ; I gave it an insertion from the 
fact that I am well satisfied that it has cured the disease, and from the 
smgularity of its composition. 

Take a white oak root and bore out the heart and burn the chips 
to get the ashes, 3^ oz. ; lunar caustic, \^ oz.; calomel, 34 oz.; salts of 
nitre, (saltpetre) 3^ oz. ; the body of a thousand-legged worm, dried 
and pulverized, all to be made fine and mixed with 34 lb. of lard. 

Spread tliis rather thin upon soft leather, and apply to the cancer, 
changing twice a day; will kill the tumor in three or four days, 
which you will know by the general appearance ; then apply a poul- 
tice of soaked figs until it comes out, fibres and all ; heal with a plaster 
made by boiling red beech leaves in water, straining and boiling 
thick, then mix with bees-wax and mutton tallow to form a salve of 
proper consistency. To cleanse the system while the above is being 
used, and for some time after: 

Take mandrake root, pulverized, 1 oz. ; Epsom salts, 1 oz.; put 
into pure gin, 1 pt., and take of this three times daily, from one tea 



90 Dr. Chase s Recipes. 

to a table-spoon, as you can bear. He knew of several other cures 
from the same plan. 

4. The juice of pokeberries, set in the sun, upon a pewter dish, 
and dried to the consistence of a salve, and applied as a plaster, has 
cured cancer. 

5. Poultices of scraped carrots, and of yellow dock root, have 
both cui-ed, and the scraped carrot poultices, especially not only 
cleanse tlie sore, but remove the very offensive smell or fetor, which is 
characteristic of cancers. 

6. A gentleman in Ohio cures them by making a tea of the 
yellow dock root, and drinking of it freely, washing the sore with the 
same several times daily for several days, then poulticing with the 
root, mashed and applied twice daily, even on the tongue. 

T. Rev. C. C. Cuyler, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., says he has 
known several cases cured as follows: 

Take the narrow-leaved dock root and boil it in soft water until 
very strong, wash the ulcer with this strong decoction 3 times in the 
24 hours, till the cavity also with the same 2 minutes, each time, then 
bruise the root, and lay it on gauze, and lay the gauze next to the 
ulcer, and wet linen cloths in the decoction and lay over the poultice ; 
and each time let the patient drink a wine-glass of the strong tea of 
the same root, with % of a glass of port-wine sweetened with honey. 

§. Dr. Buchan's work on Medicine, gives the case of a person, 
who had cancer of the tongue, cured in fourteen days, as follows: 

Dilute nitric acid, 1 oz. ; honey, 2 ozs. ; pure water, 2 pts. ; mix. 
Dose. — Tliree table-spoons frequently, to be sucked past the teeth, 
through a quill or tube. 

Opium was given at night, simply to keep down pain. 

9, Great Eag-lish Seiiiedy — By which a brother of Lowell 
Mason was cured, is as follows: 

Take chloride of zinc, bloodroot, pulverized, and flour, equal 
quantities of each, worked inio a paste and applied until the mass 
comes out, then poultice and treat as a simple sore. 

The Rural New Yorker^ in reporting this case, says, in applying 
it, "First spread a common sticking-plaster much larger than the 
cancer, cutting a circular piece from the center of it a little larger than 
the cancer, applying it, which exposes a narrow rim of healthy skin ; 
then apply the cancer plaster and keep it on twenty-four hours. On 
removing it, the cancer will be found to be burned into, and appears 
the color of an old shoe-sole, and the rim outside will appear white 
and parboiled, as if burned by steam. 

" Dress with slippery elm poultice until suppuration takes place, 
then heal with any common salve." 

10, Armenian Method. — In Armenia, a salve, made by boiling 



Medical Department. 

olive oil to a proper consistence for the use, is reported by an eastern 
traveler to have cured very bad cases. 

11. Figs boiled in new milk until tender, then split and applied 
hot — clianging twice daily, washing the parts every change, with some 
of the milk — drinking 1 gill of the milk also as often. 

And continuing from three to four months, is also reported to 
have cured a man ninety-nine years old by using only six pounds, 
whilst ten pounds cured a case of ten years' standing. The Urst 
application giving pain, but afterwards relief, every application. 

12. Red Oak Bark.— A salve from the ashes, has long been 
credited for curing cancer, and as I have recently seen the method 
given for preparing and using it, by Isaac Dillon, of Oregon, pub- 
lished in a paper near him, I cannot keep the benefit of it from the 
public. The directions were sent to him by his f tither, John Dillon, 
Sen., of Zanesville, O., and, from my knowledge of the Dillon 
family, I have the utmost confidence in the prescription. It is as 
follows: 

Take red oak bark ashes, 1 peck; put on to them, boiling water, 
6 qts. ; let it stand 12 hours; then draw off the ley and boil to a thick 
salve; spread this, pretty thick, upon a thick cloth a little larger than 
the cancer, and let it remain on 3 hours ; if it is too severe, half of that 
time; the same day, or the next, apply again 3 hours, which will 
generally effect a cure ; after the last plaster, wash the sore v/itli warm 
milk and water; then apply a healing salve made of mutton tallow, 
bark of elder, with a little resin and bees-wax, (some root of white 
lily may be added;) stewed over a slow fire; when the sore begins to 
matterate, wash it 3 or 4 times daily, renewing the salve each time: 
avoid strong diet, and strong drink, but drink a tea of sassafras root 
and spice-wood tops, for a week before and after the plaster. 

13. Prof. R. S. Newton, of Cincinnati, uses the chloride of zinc, 
a saturated solution, (as strong as can be made,) or makes the chloride 
into a paste, with thick gum solution. 

In cases of large tumors he often removes the bulk of them with a 
knife, then applies the solution, or paste, as he thinks best, to destroy 
any remaining roots which have been severed by the knife. 

14. Prof. Calkins, of Philadelphia," prefei-s a paste made from 
yellow dock, red clo>'er, and poke, using the leaves only, of either 
article, in equal quantities. 

Boiling, straining, and simmering to a paste, applying from time 
to time, to cancerous growths or tumors, until the entire mass is 
destroyed, then poultice and heal as usual. 

But Dr. Beach, of N. Y., who is a man of much experience in 
cancers, says beware of the knife, or any plaster whicii destroys the 
cancer or tumor; but first use discutients, (medicines which have a 
tendency to drive away swellings,) unless already ulcerated, then, mild 



Dr, Chase' s Recipes, 
r 

poultices to keep up a discharge from the ulcer, with alteratives, long 
coiitiuued, keeping the bowels regular, etc., etc. The Vienna physi- 
cians, as well as Dr. Beach, allow the inhalation of a few drops of 
chloroform where the pain is excruciating. And I would say, apply 
a little externally, also around the sore. 

Cancers should not be disturbed as long as they do not grow nor 
ulcerate, but as soon as either begins, then is the time to begin with 
them. 

COSTIYENESS.— To Cure.— Costive habits are often brought on 
by neglecting to go to stool at the usual time, for most persons have a 
regular daily passage, and the most usual time is at rising- in the 
morning, or immediately after breakfast; but hurry, or negligence, 
for the want of an understanding of the evil arising from putting it off, 
these calls of nature are suppressed; but let it be understood, nature^ 
like a good workman or student, has a time for. each duty; then not 
only let her work at her own time, but if tardy go at this time and not 
only aid but solicit her call, or in other words: 

Whea nature calls^ at either door, 
Do not attempt to bluff her ; 
But haste away, night or day, 
Or, health is sure to suffer. 

The above, with attention to diet, using milk, roasted apples, and 
if not dyspeptic, uncooked apples, pears, peaches, etc., at meal time, 
"Yankee Brown Bread," or bread made of unbolted wheat, if pre- 
fered, and avoiding a meat diet, will in most cases soon remedy the 
difficulty. However: 

2. Ill Very Obstinate Cases. — Take extract of henbane, 3^ dr. ; 
extract of colocynth, 3^ dr. ; extract of nux vomica, 3 grs.; carefully 
work into pill mass, and form into 15 pills. Dose. — One pill night 
and morning. 

Continue their use until the difficulty is overcome, at the same 
time, following the previous directions, faithfully. With many per- 
sons, the following will be found all sufficient : 

3. Brand)% % pt. ; and put into it rhubarb root, bruised, 1 dr.; 
hierapicra, 1 oz.; and fennel seed, % oz. 

After it has stood for several days, take a table-spoon of it three 
times daily, before eating, uiitil it operates, then half the quantity, or 
a little less, just sufficient to establish a daily action of the bowels, 
until all is taken. Or, the second pill under the head of " Eclectic 
Liver Pill," may be taken as an alterative to bring about the action of 
the liver, which is, of course, more or less inactive in most cases of 
long continued costiveness. 

4. Corn meal, 1 table-spoon stirred up in sufficient cold water to 
drink well, and drank in the morning, immediately after rising, has, 
with perseverance, cured many bad cases. 

5. A fresh egg beat in a gill of water and drank on rising in the 



Medical Department 93 

morning, and at each meal, for a week or ten days, has cured obstinate 
cases. It might be increased to two or three at a time as the stomach 
will bear. 

CHRONIC GOUT.— To Cure.— "Take hot vinegar, and put into 
it all the table salt which it will dissolve, and bathe the parts affected 
with a soft piece of flannel. Rub in with the hand, and dry the foot, 
etc., by the fire. Repeat this operation four times in the 24 hours, 15 
minutes each time, for four days; then twice a day for the same period; 
then once, and follow this rule whenever the symptoms show them- 
selves at any future time." 

The philosophy of the above formula is as follows: Chronic gout 
proceeds from the obstruction of the free circulation of the blood (in 
the parts affected) by tlie deposit of a chalky substance, which is gen- 
erally understood to be a carbonate and pliosphate of lime. Vinegar 
and salt dissolve these; and the old chronic compound is broken up. 
The carbonate of lime, etc., become acetate and muriate, and these 
being soluble, are taken up by the circulating system, and discharged 
b}' secretion. This fact will be seen by the gouty joints becoming less 
in bulk until they assume their natural size. During this process, the 
stomach and bowels should be occasionally regulated by a gentle 
purgative. Abstinence from spiritous libations; exercise in the open 
air, and especially in the morning; freely bathing the whole surface; 
eating only the plainest food, and occupying the time bj^ study, or 
useful employment, are very desirable assistants. 

2. Gout Tincture. — Veratrum viride, (swamp hellebore,) 1^ oz.; 
opium, 34 oz. ; wine, }4. P^* i ^^^ them stand for several days. Dose. — 
15 to 30 drops, according to the robustness of the patient, at intervals 
of two to four hours. 

M. Husson, a French officer, introduced this remedy in gout some 
sixty years ago, and it became so celebrated that it sold as high as 
from one to two crowns a dose. It is considered valuable also in acute 
rheumatism. Ii; gout it removes the paroxysms, allays pain, and 
procures rest and sleep, reduces the pulse and abates fever. 

3, Coffee has recently been recommended, not only for gout, but 
gravel also. Mr. Mosley observes, in liis " Treatise on Coff"ee," that 
the great use of the article in France is supposed to have abated the 
prevalence of the gravel. In the French colonies, where coffee is more 
used than in the English, as well as in Turkey, where it is the princi- 
pal beverage, not only the gravel but the gout is scarcely known. Dr. 
Faur relates, as an extraordinary instance of the effect of coffee on 
gout, the case of Dr. Deveran, who was attacked with gout at the age 
of twenty-five, and had it severely till he was upwards of fifty, with 
chalk stones in the joints of his hands and feet; but for four years 
preceeding the time when the account of his case had been given to 



94 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

Dr. Faur to lay before the public, he had, by advice, used coffee, and 
had no return of the gout afterward. 

PARALYSIS.— If Recent.— To Cure.— When paralysis, (numb 
palsy,) has existed for a great length of time, but little benefit can be 
expected from anj^ treatment; but if recent, very much good, if not a 
perfect cure will be the result of faithfully governing yourself by the 
following directions with this: 

Paralytic Liniment. — Sulphuric ether, 6 ozs. ; alcohol, 2 ozs.; 
laudanum, 1 oz. ; oil of lavender, 1 oz. ; mix and cork tightly. In a 
recent case of paralysis let the whole extent of the numb surface be 
thoroughl}'' bathed and rubbed with this preparation, for several 
minutes, using the hand, at least 3 times daily, at the same time take 
internally, 20 drops of the same, in a little sweetened water, to pre- 
vent translation upon some internal organ. 

It may be used in old cases, and, in many of them, will undoubt- 
edly do much good ; but I do not not like to promise what there is no 
reasonable chance to perform. It is well in very recent cases to keep 
the parts covered with flannels, with a large amount of friction b}-- 
the hand; also, electricity scientifically applied, that is by a Physician 
or some one who has studied the nature and operations of the electrical 
machine. 

This liniment should be applied so freely, that about an ounce a 
day will be consumed, on an arm or leg, and if a w-hole side is palsied, 
proportionally more. In cases of pains in the stomach or side a tea- 
spoon will be taken with unusual success ; or for pain in the head, 
apply to the surface, alvva3'^s bearing in mind that some should be 
taken internally whenever an external application is made. In sprains 
and bruises where the surface is not broken it will be found very 
efficacious. It may be successfully rubbed over the seat of any 
internal disease accompanied with imin. 

ENLARGED TONSILS.— To Cure.— Where the tonsils are en- 
larged from colds, or epidemic sore throat, 

Take No. six, 1 oz. ; molasses, 2 ozs. ; and hot water, 4 ozs.; mix 
and sip a little into the throat often, swallowing a little also ; it keeps 
up a discharge of saliva from those parts and thus relieves their swollen 
condition ; and stimulates to renewed healthy action. 

It has proved very efficacious in the above epidemic cases, which 
leave the tonsils much indurated (hardened), as well as swollen, with a 
tendency to chronic inflammation of the whole larynx, or throat, often 
witli little ulcers. In that case: 

Put 10 grs. of nitrate of silver to 1 oz. of water, with 3 or 4 drops 
of creosote, and swab the throat with it, and lay a flannel wet with 
turpentine upon the outside. 

The worst cases will shortly yield to this mild treatment. Should 
there, however, be a disposition to fever, you might also put the feet 



Medical Department. 95 

into hot water fifteen or twenty minutes, with occasional sponging the 
whole surface. 

SICK HEA.D-ACHE.— To Cure.— Sick head-ache, proper, arises 
from acidity, or over-loading the stomach; when it is not from over 
eating, all that is necessary, is to soak the feet in hot water about 
twenty minutes, drinking at the same time some of the herb-teas, such 
as pennyroyal, catnip, or mint, etc, then get into bed, cover up warm 
and keep up a sweating process for about an hour, by which time 
relief will have been obtained; but when food has been taken which 
remains in the stomacii, it is much the best way to take an emetic, and 
the following is the: 

2. Eclectic Lmetic. — Which is composed of lobelia, and ipeca- 
cuanha, equal parts, and bloodroot half as much as of either of the 
otl)ers, eiich pulverized separately, and mix thoroughly. Dose. — 
Half a common tea-spoon every 15 or 20 minutes in some of the warm 
teas, for instance, camomile flowers, pennyroyal, or boneset — drinking 
freely between doses of the same tea in which you take it; continue 
until you get a free and full evacuation of the contents of the stomach. 

After the operation, and when the stomach becomes a little set- 
tled, some nourishment will be desired, when any of the mild broths, 
or gruel, should be taken, in small quantities, without fear of increas- 
ing the difficulty. 

"There is, probablj^, no emetic surpassing this, either in efficacy of 
action, or efficiency in breaking up morbid, unhealthy conditions of 
the system generally, and exciting healthy action. It is excellent in 
croup, chronic affections of the liver or stomach etc., and in fact, when 
and wherever an emetic is needed.'' — Beach. 

But after a full trial of both, ui^on my own person and others, I 
prefer lobelia seed alone, pulverized, when used. The manner of 
administering them has been the cause of bringing the lobelia emetic 
into disrepute. I take "Thompson's Composition " tea, made as there 
directed and drink two saucers of it, fifteen minutes apart, and with 
the third I stir in one rounding tea-spoon of lobelia seed, pulverized, 
and drink it; then every fifteen minutes I take another saucer of the 
tea until free vomiting takes place, not taking any more of the lobelia; 
by this course I think it more efficient and thorough than the mixed 
emetic, and entirely free from danger of the "alarming symptoms," 
as they are called, brought on by continuing to give the lobelia every 
few minutes instead of waiting its action, and all for want of knowl- 
edge as to what that action should be; but if you give it its own time, 
continuing the stimulating tea, it will have its specific action, which is 
to vomit, no matter at which end it is introduced. When it begins to 
vomit it will generally continue its action until it empties the stomach, 
then I begin to substitute the composition with: 

3. Bread Tea, Used iu Taking Emetics. — Made by taking a piece 



g6 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

of dry bread and crumbing it into a bowl, with a little salt, pepper, 
and butter, to suit the taste, then pouring boiling water upon it; this 
soon allays the retching, and strengthens the stomach to renewed 
healthy action. 

Periodical Headache. — There are those who have sick headache 
coming on at periods of from a few weeks to two or three months, 
lasting two or three days, accompanied with nausea, and occasionally 
with vomiting. In these cases after using the emetic to relieve the 
present attack, take the Cathartic Syrup next following: 

4. Cathartic Syrup. — Best senna leaf, 1 oz. ; jalap, 3^ oz., but- 
ternut, the inner bark of the root, dried and bruised, 2 ozs.; pepper- 
mint leaf, \^ oz. ; fennel seed, 1^ oz. ; alcohol, 3^ pt. ; water, 1^^ pts. ; 
sugar, 2 lbs.-, put all into the spirit and water, except the sugar, and 
let it stand 2 weeks, then strain, pressing out from the dregs, adding 
the sugar and simmering a few minutes onl3% to form the syrup. If it 
should cause griping in any case, increase the fennel seed and pepper- 
mint leaf. Dose. — One table-spoon, once a da}^ or less often if the 
bowels become too loose up to the next period wlien the headache 
miglit have been expected, and it will not be forthcoming. 

This is a mild purgative, and especiallj'' pleasant. Most persons, 
after a trial of it, will adopt it for their general cathartic, and especi- 
ally for children. Increase or lessen the dose, according to the effect 
desired. 

Females in a weak and debilitated condition, often have a head- 
ache which is purely sympathetic; this they will distinguish by their 
general weakness, irregularities, and light-headedness, often amount- 
ing to real pain; in such cases take the following: 

5. Headache Drops. — Castor, gentian, and valerian roots, bruised, 
"^ oz. ; laudanum, 1 oz. ; sulphuric ether, 1 3^ ozs.; alcohol, 3^ pt. ; 
water, 1^ pt. ; put all into a bottle and let stand about 10 days. Dose. 
— A tea-spoon ns often as required, or 2 or 3 times dail}'. 

6. Tincture of Blood-Root. — Made by putting 1 oz. of the dried, 
bruised root, to 1 pt. of gin, and taking 1 tea-spoon, before eating, 
every morning, and onlj^ eating a reasonable amount of easily digested 
food. 

Has worked wonders in cases where headache has been of very 
long standing. And it might not be amiss to say that the majority of 
headaclies are found amongst those who are disposed to Dyspepsia, by 
long continued over-eating, then reducing the gastric juice by over- 
drinking, even of water, tea or coffee. 

A Niles paper gives one which is easily tried. It is as follows: 

7. " Charcoal, a Cure for Sick Headache. — It is stated that two 
tea-spoons of finelj' powdered charcoal, drank in half a tumbler of 
water, will, in less than 15 minutes, give relief to the sick headache, 
when caused, as in most cases it is, by superabundance of acid on the 



Medical Department. 97 

stomach. We have tried this remedy time and again, and its efficacy 
in every instance has been signally satisfactory." 

When headache has been brought on by eating too freely of boiled 
beef, cabbage, etc., or any other indigestible dinner, one cup of "good 
tea," at tea time, eating only a slice of "dry bread, will often allay the 
nervousness, quiet the head, and aid in getting to sleep. The *' Good- 
Samaritan " applied to the head is also good. 

DELIRIUM TREMENS.— To Obtain Sleep.— Give an emetic of 
ipecacuanlia, then give 15 to 18 grs. of the same, every 2 hours, using 
the shower bath, and giving all the beef tea the patient desires. 

The jail Physician of Chicago reports thirtj^'-six favorable cases 
treated as above. In Boston, at the " House of Correction," the danger 
arising from the sudden loss of their accustomed stimulus, according 
to Puritanic economy, is overcome by administering, fi-eely, a strong 
decoction of wormwood. 

2. Stimulating Anodyne. — Sulphate of quinine, 12 grs. ; sulphate 
of morphine, 1 gr. ; mix, and divide into powders. Dose. — ()\\q 
130\vder every hour. 

Prof. King, of Cincinnati, O., says that from two to four powders of 
the above anodyne, will nearly every time produce sleep in this whisky 
delirium. 

TYPHUS FEVER.— To Preyent Infection.— Take nitre, (saltpetre) 
pulverized, ^ oz. ; oil of vitriol, % Q)7..\, put the nitre into a tea-cup and 
set it on a red hot shovel, adding the vitriol one-sixth at a time, stirring 
it with a pipe stem; avoiding the fumes as they rise from the cup; no 
danger, however, in breathing the air of the room. 

The above amount is sufficient for a room twelve by sixteen feet, 
and less or more according to the size of other rooms. Dr. J. C. 
Smitli, of London, is said to have received from Parliament £5000 for 
making this recipe public. 

2. To purify tlie air from noxious effluvia in sick rooms, not of a 
contagious character, simply slice tliree or four onions, place them 
upon a plate upon the floor, changing them three or four times in the 
twenty four hours. 

3. Disinfectant, for Rooms, Meat, and Fish. — Common salt, % 
a tea-cup; sulphuric acid, 2 or 3 ozs. ; put about 3^ oz. of the acid upon 
the salt at a time, every 15 minutes, stirring, until all is put on. 

Which will purify a large room; and for meat or tish, hang them 
up in a box, having a cover to it, and thus confine the gas, and tainted 
articles of food will soon be purified, by the same operation. And 
notwithstanding so much was paid for the " Smith Disinfectant," the 
above will be found equally good. 

4. Coftee, dried and pulverized, then a little of it sprinkled upon 
a hot shovel, will, in a few minutes, clear a room of all impure effluvia, 
and especially of an animal character. 

5 



98 Dr. Chase* s Recipes. 

5. Chloride of Lime. — Half a saucer of it, moistened with an 
equal mixture of good vinegar and water, a few drops at a time only, 
will purif}'^ a sick-room in a few minutes. 

SWEATING PREPARATIONS.— Sweating Drops.— Ipecacuanha, 
saffron, Virginia snakeroot, and camphor gum, each 2 ozs.; opium, 3^ 
oz.; alcohol, 2 qts. Let stand 2 weeks, shaking occasionally. Dose. — 
A tea-spoon in a cup of hot pennja-oyal, spearmint, or catnip tea, 
every half hour, until perspiration is induced ; then once an hour, for 
a few hours. 

It is excellent in colds, fevers, pleurisy, inflammation of the lungs, 
etc. It is good to soak the feet in hot water at the same time. 

2. Sweatings with Buraing Alcohol. — Pour alcohol into a 
saucer, to about half fill it; place this under a chair; strip the person 
to be sweated, of all clothing, and place him in the chair, i)utting a 
comforter over him, also; now light a match and throw it into the 
saucer of alcohol, which sets it on fire, and by the time the alcohol is 
burned out he will be in a profuse perspiration, if not, put in half as 
much more of alcohol and fire it again,whicli will accomplish the object ; 
then rise up and draw the comforter around you, and get into bed, 
following up with hot teas and sweating drops, as in the first above. 

This last plan of sweating is also good in recent colds, pleurisy, 
inflammation of the lungs, and all other inflammatory diseases, either 
in recent attacks, or of long standing complaints. See the closing 
remarks after the treatment of " Pleurisy," also " Ginger Wine." 

IMPERIAL DROPS.— For Gravel and Kidney Couiplaints.— 
Take saltpetre, 1 oz. ; putting it into an iron mortar, dropping in a 
live coal with it, which sets it on fire; stir it around until it all melts 
down into the solid form, blow out the coals, and pulverize it; then 
take an equal amount of bicarbonate of potassia, or saleratus, and 
dissolve both in soft water, 3 ozs. Dose. — From 20 to 30 drops, morning 
and evening, in a swallow of tea made from flaxseed, or a solution of 
gum arabic. 

In connection with the drops, let the patient take from a table- 
spoon to two or three table-spoons of onion juice — that is, all the 
stomach will bear — eating all the raw onions he can, and continue it 
until free of the complaint. I have seen gravel the size of a common 
quill, crooked, and one and one-fourth inches in length, which a lady 
passed from the bladder, and smaller bits almost innumerable, by the 
simple use of onion juice alone. 

The onion juice, (red onions are said to be the best,) has, and may 
be injected through a catheter into the bladder, have no fears to do 
this, for I know a physician of forty years' practice who has done it 
five times with success — a physician, however, would have to be called 
to introduce the catheter. 

2. In what is termed *' Fits of tlie gravel/' that is where small 



Medical Department. 99 

gravel has become packed in the ureter, (tube which leads from the 
kidney to the bladder,) causing excruciating pain in that region, a pill 
of opium must be given, varying in size from one to three grains, ac- 
cording to the pain, strength, and age of the patient. 

3. A strong decoction made by using a large handful of smart- 
weed, adding a gill of gin, and a gill each of horse-mint and onion 
juices, and taking all in 12 hours, has been known to discharge gravel 
in large quantities. — Philadelphia Eclectic Journal. 

The surest sign of gravel is the dark appearance of the urine, as if 
mixed with coffee grounds, and a dull pain in the region of the 
kidnej^— if only inflammation, the darkness will not appear. See the^ 
closing remarks upon " Gout." 

CAMPHOR ICE.-For Chapped Hands or Lips.— Spermaceti 
tallow, 13^ozs.; oil of sweet ahnonds, 4 tea-spoons; gum camphor, 
% oz.; made tine. Set on the stove until dissolved, constantly stirring. 
Use only just sufficient heat to melt them. 

Whilst warm, pour into moulds if desired to sell, then paper and 
put up in tin-foil. If for your own use, put up in a tight box. Apply 
to the chaps or cracks two or three times daily, especially at bed time. 

BURNS.— Salve for Burns, Frost-Bites, Cracked Nipples, etc.— 
Equal parts of turpentine, sweet oil, and bees-wax ; melt the oil jind 
wax together, and when a little cool, add the turpentine, and stir until 
cold, which keeps them evenly mixed. 

Apply by spreading upon thin cloth— linen is the best. I used this 
salve upon one of my own children, only a year and a half old, which 
had pulled a cup of hot coffee upon itself, beginning on the eyelid and 
extending down the face, neck and breast, also over the shoulder, and 
in two places across the arm, the skin coming off with the clothes ; in 
fifteen minutes from the application of the salve, the child was asleep, 
and it never cried again from the burn, and not a particle of scar left. 

It is good for chaps on hands or lips, or for any other sore. If put 
on burns before blistering has taken place, they will not bhster. And 
if applied to sore or cracked nipples every time after the child nurses, it 
soon cures them also. For nipples, simply rubbing it on is sufficient. 
I find it valuable also for pimples, and common healing purposes ; and 
I almost regret to add any other preparations for the same purposes, 
for fear that some will neglect this ; but as there may be cases where 
some of the following can be made when the above cannot, I give a few 
others known to be valuable. The first one is from Dr. Downer, of 
Dixboro, within six miles of our city ; he used it in a case where a boy 
fell backwards into a tub of hot water, scalding the whole buttock, 
thighs, and privates, making a bad scald in a bad place, but he suc- 
ceeded in bringing him successfully through, and from its containing 
opium, it might be preferable to the first in deep and very extensive 



loo Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

burns, but in that case the opium might be added to the first. It is as 
follows : 

2. Dr. Downer's Sal re for Burns.— Bees-wax, 4 ozs. ; opium, )^ 
oz. ; sugar of lead, 1 oz. ; melt the bees-wax, and rub the lead up in the 
wax, then the opium ; and finally add about a gill of sweet oil, or 
sufllcient to make a salve of proper consistence. 

Spread lightly on cloth — no pain, he says, will be felt under its use 
He highly recommends it for the pain and inflammation of Piles, 
also : 

3. Poultice for Burns and Frozen Flesh. — A. Bronson, of Mead- 
ville, Pa., says, from 15 years' experience, that Indian meal poultices 
covered with young hyson tea, moistened with hot water, and laid over 
burns or frozen parts, as hot as can be borne, will relieve the pain in 5 
minutes, and that blisters, if they have not, will not arise, and that one 
poultice is usually sulficient. 

4. Salve for Burns. — Bees- wax, Burgundy pitch, white pine 
pitch, and resin, of each, ),^ lb. ; mutton tallow, % lb. ; goose oil, 1 gill ; 
tar, % gill ; mixed and melted together, and used as other salves. 

This was used successfully on a very bad case, burned all over the 
face, neck, breast, bowels, etc., soothing and quieting pain, giving rest 
and sleep directly. 

5. Garden and Kitchen Salve for Burns and Frost Bites.— Live- 
forever and sweet clover leaves, camomile and sweet elder, the inner 
bark, a handful of each ; simmer them in fresh butter and mutton tal- 
low, of each, 3^ lb. ; when crisped, strain out and add 2 or 3 ozs. of 
bees-w^ax to form a salve. Spread very thin on thin cloth. 

Mrs. Miller, of Macon, Mich., cured a bad case with this, burned by 
the clothes taking fire, nearly destroying the whole surface. She 
speaks of it in equal praise for cuts and frost-bites. See the "Green 
Ointment also for Chilblains." 

O. The white of an egg beat up, then beat for a long time with 
a table-spoon of lard, until a little water separates from them, I have 
found good for burns. 

7. The white oxide of bismuth, rubbed up in a little lard, is also 
a good application in burns. 

8. Glycerine and tannin, equal weights, rubbed together into an 
ointment, is very highly recommended for sore or cracked nipples. 
See " Dr. Raymond's statement in connection with the treatment of 
Piles." 

ITCHING FEET FROM FROST-BITES.— To Cure. — Take 
hydrochloric acid, 1 oz. ; rain water, 7 ozs,; wash the feet with it 2 or 
3 times daily, or wet the socks with the preparation, until relieved. 

A gentleman whose feet had been frozen, in the Alps, eight years 
before, and another man's had been frozen two years before, on the 
Sierra Nevada Mountains, were effectually cured by its use. 



Medical Department, loi 

CHILBLAINS.— To Cure Published by Order of the Goyern- 

ment of Wirtemburg. — Mutton tallow and lard of each ^ lb. ; melt 
in an iron vessel and add hydrated oxyde of iron, 2 ozs. ; stirring 
continually with an iron spoon, until the mass is of an uniform black 
'color; then let it cool and add Venice turpentine, 2 ozs. ; and Armen- 
ian bole, 1 oz. ; oil of bero;amot, 1 dr. ; rub up the bole with a little 
olive oil before putting it in. 

Apply several times daily by putting it upon lint or linen — heals 
the worst cases in a few days. 

Chilblains arise from a severe cold to the part, causing inflamma- 
tion, often ulcerating, making deep, and very troublesome, and long- 
continued sores. 

FELONS. — If Recent, to Cure in Six Hours. — Venice turpentine, 
1 oz., and put into it half a tea-spoon of water, and stir with a rough 
stick until the mass looks like candied honej'-; then spread a good coat 
on a cloth and wrap around the finger. If the case is only recent, it 
will remove the pain in 6 hours. 

2. A poke root poultice on a felon cures by absorption, unless 
matter is already formed; if it is, it soon brings it to a head, and thus 
saves much pain and sufliering. 

3. Blue flag and helebore roots, equal parts, boiled in milk and 
water, then soak the felon in it for twenty mmutes, as hot as can be 
Dorne, and bind the roots on the parts for one hour, has cured many 
felons, when commenced in time. 

4. A poultice of clay, from an old log house, made and kept wet 
with spirits of camphor, is also good. 

5. Felon Ointment. — Take sweet oil, % Pt-> ^"d stew a 3 cent 
plug of tobocco in it until the tobacco is crisped; then squeeze it out 
and add red lead, 1 oz., and boil until black; when a little cool, add 
pulverized camphor gum, 1 oz. 

Mrs. Jordan, of Clyde, O., paid ten dollars for this recipe, and 
has cured many bad felons, as well as fellows, with it. Bad fellows 
because they did not pay her. Certainly, this is a rational use of 
tobacco. 

6. Felon Salve. — A salve made by burning one table-spoon of 
copperas, then pulverizing it and mixing with the J^olk of an ^^g^ is 
said to relieve the pain, and cure the felon in twenty-four hours; then 
heal with cream two parts, and soft soap one part. Apply the healing 
salve daily after soaking the part in warm water. 

DEAFNESS.— If Recent, to Cure— if not, to Relieve.— Hen's oil, 
1 gill ; and a single handful of the sweet clover raised in gardens ; 
stew it in the oil until the juice is all out, strain it and bottle for use. 

Where deafness is recent, it will be cured by putting three or four 
drops daily into the ear, but if of long-standing, much relief will be 
obtained if continued a sufficient length of time. 



102 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

2, Much has been said in France about sulphuric ether first tried 
by Madame Cleret, of Paris; and, although she lost her reason by the 
elation of feeling brought on, no doubt, by the honor given her for 
the discovery, j'^et the continued trial of the article does not give the 
satisfaction which had been hoped for, from its first success. 

WARTS AND CORNS.— To Cure in Ten Minutes.— Take a small 
piece of potash and let it stand in the open air until it slacks, then 
thicken it to a paste with pulverized gum arable, which prevents it 
from spreading where it is not wanted. 

Pare ofl' the seeds of the wart or the dead skin of the corn, and 
apply the paste, and let it remain on ten minutes; wash off", and soak 
the place in sharp vinegar or sweet oil, either of which will neutralize 
the alkali. Now do not jam nor squeeze out the wart or corn, like 
'"street-corner peddlers," but leave them alone, and nature will 
remove them without danger of taking cold, as would be if a sore is 
made by pinching them out. Corns are caused by pressure ; in most 
cases removing the pressure cures the corn. Nine of every ten corns 
can be cured by using twice, daily, upon it any good liniment, and 
wearing loose shoes or boots. See " Good Samaritan." 

2. Cure for Corns. — If a cripple will take a lemon, cut ofl' a 
piece, then nick it so as to let in the toe with the corn, the pulp next 
the corn — tie this on at night, so that it cannot move — he will find next 
morning, that, with a blunt knife, the corn will come away to a great 
extent. Two or three applications of this will make a '* poor cripple '' 
happy for life. — London Meld. 

3. Acetic acid, touched to hard or soft corns, night and morning, 
for one week, will cure them. So will the Samaritan Liniment, which 
see. 

4. Dr. Hariman's Innocent and Sure Cure for Corns, Warts 
and Cliilblains. — Nitric and muriatic acids, blue vitriol, and salts of 
tartar, of each 1 oz. ; add the blue vitriol, pulverized, to either of the 
acids, and in the same way add the salts of tartar; when done foam- 
ing, add the other acid, and in a f ews days it will be fit for use. 

Directions. — For frosted feet, rub them with a swab or brush, 
wet with this solution very lightly, every part that is red and dry; in 
a day or two, if not cured, apply again as before. For corns, apply 
in like manner, scraping oflf dead skin before using. For warts, wet 
once a week until they disappear, which will be soon, for it is a certain 
cure in all the above cases, and very cheap. So says the Doctor, of 
Anderson, Ind. 

5. A gentleman in Ohio offers to pay ten dollars apiece for all 
corns not cured in three days by binding a bit of cotton batting 
upon it, and wetting it three times a day with spirits of turpentine. 

6. I am assured by a gentleman of Syracuse, N. Y., that a 



Medical Department. 103 

plaster of the " Green Mountain Salve," put upon a corn, will com- 
pletely cure it by the time it naturally comes off. 

LINIMENTS— Good Samaritan— Improved.— Take 98 per cent, 
alcohol, 2 qts., and add to it the following articles: Oils of sassafras, 
hemlock, spirits of turpentine, tincture of cayenne, catechu, guaicaci, 
(guac.) and laudanum, of each 1 oz.; tincture of myrrh, 4 ozs; oil of 
origanum, 3 ozs. ; oil of wintergreen, % oz. ; gum camphor, 2 ozs. ; 
and chloroform, li^ ozs. 

I have used the above liniment over five years, and cannot speak 
too highly of its value; I have cured myself of two severe attacks of 
rheumatism witli it, the first in the knee and the last in the shoulder, 
three years afier; my wife has cured two corns on the toes with it, by 
wetting tliem twice daily for a few days; and it is hard to think of 
anything which it has not cured, such as sprains, bruises, cuts, jams, 
rheumatism, weak back, reducing swellings, curing leg-ache in children 
from overplaying, for horse flesh, &c., &c. But you will allow me one 
remark about liniments — they ought in all cases to be put on and 
rubbed in from twenty to thirty minutes, and laying the hand on the 
part until it burns from its effects, instead of one or two minutes, as is 
the usual custom; and if made by the quart, you can use them freely 
as the cost is only about one-eighth as much as to purchase the two- 
shilling bottles. Wetting flannel with the liniment, and binding on, 
is a good manner of application. Dr. Hale, of this city, has adopted 
this liniment for general use; but for headache and neuralgia, he takes 
eight ounces of it and adds an ounce of chloroform, and half an 
ounce of oil of wintergreen, rubbing upon the head, holding to the 
nostrils, &c. The full prescription will usually cost about two 
dollars. 

2. Liniment for Old Sores.— Alcohol, 1 qt. ; aqua ammonia, 
4 ozs.; oil of origanum, 2ozs. ; camphor gum, 2 ozs.; opium, 2 ozs. ; 
gum myrrh, 2 ozs ; common salt, 2 table-spoons. Mix, and shake 
occasionally for a week. 

This was presented for insertion by H. Loomis, of Edwardsburg, 
Mich., hoping that it might do many others as much good as it done 
himself and neighbors. He showed me scars of an old sore on his 
leg which he had cured with it, after years of sufiering; and also 
called up a young man whose father he had cured of a similar sore, 
years before, which had never broken out again ; he used it twice 
daily. His leg became sore after a protracted fever. I have great 
confidence in it. He uses it also for cuts, bruises, horse flesh, inflam- 
matory rheumatism, &c., &c. 

3. Dr. Raymond's Liniment.— Alcohol, 1 qt. ; oils of origanum, 
2 ozs., and wormwood, 1 oz.; with camphor gum, 2 ozs.; spirits of 
turpentine, 2 ozs. ; and tincture of cantharides, 1 oz. Mixed, and used 
as other liniments. 



I04 Dr, Chase's Recipes. 

Dr. D. W. Raymond, of Conneaut, O., thinks that the last is tlie 
best liniment in the world. 

4. German Rheumatic Fluid. — Oils of hemlocli and cedar, of 
each 3^ oz. ; oils of origanum and sassafras, each, 1 oz. ; aqua am- 
monia, loz.; capsicum, pulverized, loz.; spirits of turpentine and 
gum camphor, each, 3^ oz. ; put all into a quart bottle and fill with 95 
per cent, alcohol. 

Tlie Germans speuk equally in praise of this fluid, as a liniment, 
as Dr. Raymond does of his, besides they say it is very valuable for 
cholic in man or horse. Dose. — For cholic, for man, half a tea-spoon ; 
for a horse, one-half to one ounce in a little warm water every fifteen 
minutes, until relieved. 

A gentleman jjurchased a horse for seventy-five dollars which had 
been strained in one of the fetlocks, worth before the strain one 
hundred and twenty-five dollars. He cured him with this liniment, 
and sold him for the original value. He cured his wife also of 
neuralgia, with the same since I have published this recipe. Judge ye 
of its value. 

5. Cook's Electro-Magnetic Liniment. — Best alcohol, 1 gal.; 
oil of amber, 8 ozs. ; gum camphor, 8ozs.; Castile soap, shaved fine, 
2ozs. ; beef gall, 4 ozs.; ammonia, 3 F's strong, 12 ozs.; mix, and 
shake occasionally for twelve hours, and it is fit for use. 

Tills will be found a strong and valuable liniment, and also cheap. 
It may be used in swellings, strains, «fcc., and rubbed upon tlie throat, 
breast, and lungs, in asthma, sore throat, etc. 

6. Liniment for Spinal Affections. — Take a pint bottle and 
put into it oil of origanum, wormwood, spirits of turpentine, and gum 
camphor, of each 1 oz., and fill it with the best alcoliol. 

Mr. Barr, a gentleman with whom I have been acquainted for 
some four years, has been troubled with spinal weakness and pains, 
and he finds great relief from the use of this liniment ; and his 
daughter took it internally for a cough also, with success. 

7. Great London Liniment. — Take chloroform, olive oil, and 
aqua ammonia, of each 1 oz. ; acetate of morphia, 10 grs. Mix, and 
use as other liniments. Very valuable. 

§. Gum Liniment. — Take gum myrrh, gum camphor, and gum 
opium, of each 3^ oz. ; cayenne pepper, ^ oz. ; alcohol, 1 pt.; mix. 

Tills liniment is ready for use in three or four days, and is very 
highly recommended by E. Burrows, of Matamora, Lapeer Co., 
Mich. He prefers rum, if a good article can be got, in place of the 
alcohol. This would be excellent in cholic or diarrlioea, also. 

9. Patent Liniment. — In order that those who purchase the 
patent liniments may know what they are buying, I give a formula 
from which over twelve thousand dollars' worth of liniment was 



Medical Departtnent. 105 

in two years' time, but one of the partners going out of the firm, and 
into the liverj'- business, gave me the plan as follows: 

Take whisky, 15 gals.; and put into it 2 lbs. of capsicum, pulver- 
ized, let it stand 10 days and percolate, or draw off the whisky, free of 
the sediment ; in the meantime take 1 gal. of the spirits of turpen- 
tine, and put into it oils of origanum, horse-mint, sassafras, 
and hemlock, 6 ozs. each ; add gum camphor, 2 lbs. Mix, and it is 
ready to sellf for the purpose of gulling those who suppose everybody 
to be honest because they are themselves so. 

But that no loss may arise from the space this liniment recipe 
occupies here, I will tell you how to make a good liniment by using 
a part of that with the following: 

Take of the patent liniment, 8 ozs. ; sweet oil and oils of origa- 
num, sassafras and aqua ammonia, of each, 2 ozs., and mix, shaking 
well as used, and this mixture will make a splendid horse liniment, 
with which you can easily blister, by bandaging the part if desired, 
and wetting the bandage with it. 

The first would cost less than $1.00 per gallon, whilst the retail 
price, two shillings per bottle, makes it oyer $2.00 per quart. See 
Avhere your money goes. 

10. Lobelia and Cayenne Liniment. — Take a quart bottle and 
put into it ^ oz. of cayenne, pulverized, then put in 2 ozs. of lobelia 
herb, and fill up the bottle with whisky; in two weeks it is ready for 
use, and applicable for cuts, bruises, strains, sprains, etc. ; and it will 
heal cork cuts in the feet of oxen or horses, without stopping them 
from labor, and with but very little soreness, by applying two or three 
times daily. 

I know a gentleman who had a gash cut in his scalp, four inches 
in length, and to the skull in depth, by a falling limb, which by the 
use of this liniment only, as strange as it may appear, it healed with- 
out pain or soreness. But some may object to it as a whisky liniment. 
I admit it to be such, but by knowing how to make it yourselves, you 
get it for a whisky price, and if it be not found as good as one-half of 
the two-shillings-a-bottle liniments, then you may tell me that 1 do not 
know when I have a good thing. 

11. Liniment — Said to be St. John's. — For 70 dozen bottles, take 
spirits of turpentine and seneca oils, of each 4 gals. ; linseed or sweet 
oil, 2 gals. ; oils of origanum, hemlock, juniper, amber, and laudanum, 
of each 3 qts. ; spirits of ammonia, 1 qt, ; tincture of arnica, 3 gals. ; 
camphor gum, 1 lb. Put all into a keg and shake well ; when you wish 
to fill into small bottles, shake it well and draw into a convenient bottle 
or pitcher to pour from ; and shake it well every time you fill five 
bottles; and shake the bottle whenever you use the liniment; thus it 
might be called Shaking Liniment. No matter what you call it, 
however, it is a good one. 



io6 Dr. Chasers Recipes. 

I obtained the recipe of a young man who worked in Mr. St. John's 
store over a year ; yet much care was taken to prevent the knowledge of 
its exact composition from being found out by assistants; it is a well 
known fact, however, that an observing mind can learn much, 
although not expressed in words. Perhaps he will blame me for pub- 
lishing information gained in that way, but I obtain knowledge for the 
benefit of the people ; and as I have called on the Doctor two different 
times, to sell my work, but could not succeed, I do not fee*l under any 
special obligations to him, and if I did, I go in for the greatest good to 
the greatest number. Were it not so, I should not publish much that 
is contained in this work, for iliere are many persons who have, and 
are making fortunes out of single recipes, now published for the benefit 
of the world. 

Because I could not sell my Recipes to I. L. St. John, a Druggist, 
of Tiffin, O., however, is not sa3nng I do not sell them to Druggists 
generally, as I do. In Aurora, 111, I sold to six, and in Pomeroy, O,, 
to seven, every one in either place, which is not common. They are, 
however, not only anxious to obtain information generally, but also 
willing to impart it to others ; and how Mr. St. John should have 
obtained as good recipes as the ones here attributed to him, without 
sometime having bought, is a little surprising ; for, as a general rule, 
tnose who put out " Patent Medicines," are not themselves the origina- 
tors of the recipes ; even Dr. Jayne is reported, I know not how truly, 
to have picked up the recipe in an out-house, for his celebrated Altera- 
tive. I say, then, am I not justified in publishing these recipes ? Nay, 
more! am I not honorable in thus benefiting the people? I rest the 
matter with them ; always willing to abide their decision. 

Persons only wishing to put up for their own use, will take one- 
seventieth the various amounts, which will be about as follows : 

Turpentine and seneca oils, of each 71^^ ozs. ; sweet oil and tincture 
of arnica, of each Z% ozs. ; oils of origanum, hemlock, juniper, am- 
ber, and laudanum, of each li^ ozs. ; spirits of ammonia, 3^^ oz. ; and 
gum camphor, \^ oz. ; which makes a little less than 1 qt., there being 
64 qts., besides the gum camphor, in the whole amount. 

This calculation will be sufficiently near for all practical purposes. 

I have sold the condition powder and liniment, out of the drug 
store, made by the Doctor, which has always given good satisfaction. 
And I think any one who tries both will be as well pleased with those 
made from these recipes as with that which is sent out from Tiffin, and 
make it for one-fourth the cost of the other. 

COD LITER OIL.— Made Palatable and More Digestible.— To 
each bottle, add fine table-salt, 1 oz. Mix well. 

By this very simple plan cod liver oil has its peculiar unpleasant- 
ness overcome, as well as made far more easy for the stomach to dispose 
of. But even with this improvement, I do not consider a table-spoon 



Medical Department. 107 

equal, for consumption, to a glass of rich, sweet cream, with a tea-spoon 
of best brandy in it, to be drank at each meal. 

CONSUMPTIYES.— Syrup Very Successful.- Take tamarack bark, 
without rossing, (the moss may be brushed off,) 1 peck ; spikenard 
root, 3^ lb.; dandelion root 3^ lb.; hops, 2 ozs. Boil these sufficiently 
to get the strength, in 3 or 3 gals, of water, strain and boil down to 
one gal.; when blood warm add 3 lbs. of honey and 3 pints of best 
brandy; bottle, and keep in a cool place. Dose — A wine-glass or a 
little less, as the stomach will bear, 3 or 4 times daily, before meals and 
at bed time. 

Consumption may justly be called the King of diseases, but he has 
many times been obliged to haul down his colors, and give place to 
health, and consequent happiness, when he came in contact with the 
above syrup. It does not, however, contain any of the articles usually 
put into syrups for this disease — this of itself ought to obtain for it a 
consideration. I have been told, and that by a professional man, that 
there was not an article in it of any value for consumption. I have 
acknowledged it does not contain any articles commonly used for that 
disease; but allow me to ask if they cure the disease in one case out of 
a hundred ? The answer is, no. I am now using this on a case within 
a few miles of the city, who had called one of our Professors. He 
promised benefit, and did benefit about one week; subsequently, two 
other physicians were also called without any lasting benefit. He had 
not cut his wood for nearly a year, nor done other labor to any extent ; 
he has now taken our syrup nearly three months; he was weak, spare 
in flesh, and coughed very much, with cold feet and surface; he is now 
stout, fleshy, and scarcely any cough; surface and feet warm. What 
more can be asked ? Yet he is very careless, for I called on him on a 
cold, snowy day, lately, and he was in the woods, for wood. Do I need 
better proof of its value? Ko one would expect sickness of the 
stomach to arise from its use, from the articles of which it is com- 
posed, but the first dose usually makes the person rather sick at the 
stomach, and sometimes vomits, but don't fear to continue its use. I 
had rather trust to tamarack-bark tea than three-fourths of the con- 
sumptive syrups of the day. Let every one who is afflicted with 
cough, be careful to avoid exposure as much as possible. Remember, 
with this syrup, or disease, as long as there is life, there is hope. 

But it would be deceptive and wicked to hold out to aU consump- 
tives the idea that they could be cured— /ac^5 speak like this, although 
I have never seen it in print, nor heard the remark, but my own 
observation says that nine of every ten hereditary consumptives will, 
in the end, die of the disease, while an equal number of those whose 
disease is brought on by colds being neglected, or from neglect of 
acute inflammations, etc., may be cured. Then those who know their 
parents or others in their family to have gone mtli the disease, need 



io8 Dr. Chasers Recipes. 

hardly expect a cure, notwithstanding much benefit may be derived 
from care, with the above treatment, good diet, and out-of-door 
exercise, while those whose systems are not tainted from parents, may 
expect a permanent cure. 

I shall now throw in a few thoughts of my own, and from the 
experience of many others in the profession, which I hope may benefit 
all needing light on the subject. 

First, then — ^Do not go South, to smother and die ; but go North, for 
cool, fresh air ; hunt, fish, and eat freely of the roasted game ; cast away 
care, after having trusted all in Christ, that it may be well, living or 
dying. Take a healthy, faithful friend with you, to lean upon when 
needed, in your rambles. So shallit be well with many who would 
otherwise sink to the consumptive's grave. Have your potatoes with 
you, and roast them in the embers ; your corn meal also, which you 
will mix with cold water, having a little salt in it, and bake on a 
hoard before the fire, and then say you cannot make out a good- 
flavored meal, and a healthy one also, from your roast venison, or 
broiled fish, and roast potatoes and jo?mni/-ciike, T will then acknowl- 
edge that you are indeed far gone on the consumptive's track, and 
especially if you have been wandering over hills and through the 
valleys of our northern country in pursuit of the game of which you 
are about to partake. 

Secondly, — Do not leave home after having tried everything else 
in vain, and just readj'^ to wrap the mantle of the grave around you; 
then you need all the care of many friends, and a quiet place to 
die ; but strike out the first thing when you become certain that 
permanent disease has fastened upon the lungs; then you may not 
only reasonably expect a cure, but be almost certain. Have the 
means with you to avoid getting wet by rains; but often wash and 
rub the whole surface, wearing flannel next the skin, and clothe 
yourself according to the weather and sex; for there is no reason why 
females should not pursue about the same course. They can dress 
a la Bloomer, and with their father, husband, brother, or other known 
friend, derive the same benefit from out-door exercise, like field or 
forest rambles, botanical huntings, geological surveys, or whatever 
sports or realities may give just the amount of exercise not to fatigue 
the invalid. 

For females who have families and cannot leave them, gardening 
will be the best substitute for travel, or of all the employments which 
can be engaged in. 

Lastly, — Those who are already far down the consumptive track, 
and confined at home, will derive much benefit hy using, at each 
meal, half a pint of rich, fresh cream. In all cases it is ahead of Cod 
Liver Oil, with no7ie of its disagreeableness. And if it can be borne, 
a tea- to a table-spoon of the best brandy may be added. 



Medical Department. 109 

Much is being said, nowadays, about the necessity of constant 
inflation of the lungs by long-drawn breaths, holding the breath, also, 
as long as possible, when thus fully inflated; but, for those whose 
lungs are extensively diseased, it is not only useless, but very danger- 
ous, from the liability to burst blood-vessels in the lungs, causing 
hemorrhage, if not instant death. In the commencement of the 
disease, however, or for those in health, the practice is decidedly 
good. 

2. Half a pint of new milk, with a wine-glass of expressed juice 
of green hoarhound, each morning for a month, is said to have worked 
wonders in relieving the soreness of the lungs, and giving tone to the 
general health in this disease. 

3. Chlorate of Potash, for Consnmption. — A gentleman of Iowa 
read a paper about a year ago before the " American Medical Associa- 
tion," upon the subject of Chlorate of Potash in Consumption, givivig 
the history of a few cases only. For the want of a more extended trial 
of it, the Association thought best not to publish his paper, but 
referred it back to him, and to the consideration of the other members 
for further test. 

Amongst those members is Dr. A. B. Palmer, of this city, one of the 
"Vice-Presidents of the Association, and Professor of " Practice, Ma- 
teria Medica," etc., in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor — 
by the way, a gentleman and a scholar. Having had much experience 
in practice, he saw fit to give it a trial. He has used it in about thirty 
cases, and with a single exception with marked success; and in that 
case there was at first much improvement, but the patient was a German 
who does not understand our language very well, and from this fact 
when he found that it caused a heat or burning sensation in the stomach 
instead of going to the professor and have the quantity lessened, he 
abandoned it altogether. But through Prof Palmer's kindness I have 
been permitted to refer to other cases where a very marked amelioration 
has taken place. One of these, a married lady, although her lungs 
were full of tubercles, with much coughing, soreness of the lungs, with 
sharp pains upon full breaths being taken, etc., finds her cough loose, 
soreness all gone, and that full breaths can be taken without pain, (or 
stitching, as commonly called,) and fully believes that if she could have 
had this prescription early in the disease, she would now have been 
well, yet derives much relief from its use. Another lady has been 
using it only a few months, and finds that her symptoms are all very 
much relieved, and she has gained seventeen pounds in flesh. 

The Professor assures me that in the first few cases where he 
prescribed the chlorate, the benefits were so marked, it was really 
astonishing; which, of course, caused him to go on in its use, until, 
as before remarked, about thirty cases have been more or less benefited 
by its use, under his care. 



no Dr. Chase's Recipes, 

His method of giving it is to put about a tea-spoon of the chlorate 
into a glass of water, which is to be drank a little at a time, in from 
six to twenty-four hours, with other appropriate treatment. 

If in any case the chlorate should cause a heat or burning sensation 
at the stomach, lessen the quantity; and unless this does occur, no 
apprehensions need be felt in using it. It improves the general symp- 
toms, lessening the pulse, etc., whilst the Cod-Liver Oil has never 
done anything more than to benefit merely as food; and from its very 
disgusting smell and taste, and the almost impossibility of keeping it 
upon the stomacli, I greatly prefer the fresh sweet cream mentioned 
above, or the fat meat, as mentioned below. 

The hyper-phosphites have been extensively used, but Professor 
Palmer tells me that in Paris and other parts of Europe, where he 
traveled during the past summer, that not one well authenticated case 
of cure by them can be produced. But he feels much encouraged to 
hope that the chlorate will prove itself worthy of great confidence. 

The above was written one year ago ; and the reports coming in 
since then, both in America and from Europe, more than confirm the 
expected benefits and hoped-for advantages from the use of the cMorate 
in this disease. 

4. Remarks on the Use of Fat Meats — Preyentive of Consump- 
tion. — There is so much said against tlie use of fat meats, and especially 
pork, as an article of diet, that I cannot better close my remarks upon 
this subject than by giving tlie opposite opinions of those in high 
places, corroborated also by my own experience. 

Dr. Dixon, of the Scalpel^ some time ago, assumed the position 
that "the use of oils would diminish the victims of consumption 
nine-tenths, and that that was the whole secret of the use of Cod-Liver 
Oil, to take the place of fat meats." 

Dr. Hooker's observations on the use of fat meats, connected with 
consumption, are as follows : 

"First. — Of all persons between the ages of 15 and 22 years, 
more than one-fifth eat no fat meat. Second. — Of persons at the age 
of 45, all, excepting less than 1 in 50, habitually use fat meat. Third. 
— Of persons who, between the ages of 15 and 22, avoid fat meat, a 
few acquire an appetite for it, and live to a good old age, while the 
greater portion die with phthisis (consumption) before 35. Fourth. — 
Of persons dying with phthisis between the ages of 13 and 45, nine- 
tenths, at least, have never used fat meats." 

" Most individuals who avoid fat meat, also use little butter or 
oily gravies, though many compensate for this want in part, at least, 
by a free use of those articles, and also milk, eggs, and various 
saccharine substances. But they constitute an imperfect substitute 
for fat meat, without which, sooner or later, the body is almost sure 
to show the effects of deficient calorification," 



Medical Department. " iii 

A lady-lecturer recently said in this city, in one of her lectures: 
" Set a piece of j?orA; before a lady: oh, horrible! the dirty, nasty, 
filthy stuff ; give us chicken — clean, nice ciiicken." Now this lady, 
certainly, was no farmer's wife, or she would have observed that the 
habits of chickens are ten times more filthy than that of the hog, if it 
be possible; for even the hog's leavings and droppings are carefully 
overhauled by them, and much of it appropriated to "ladies' meat." 
But their filthiness is no argument in either case; for nature's strainer 
(the stomach) throws off" all impurities. Why do so many young 
ladies, joung clergymen, and students, die of consumption? Simply 
because chicken or other lean meats, hot biscuit, etc., without exercise, 
make up the sums of their diet; when, if they would eat fat meats, 
with bread not less than one day old, scrub floors, saw wood, or other 
arm exercise, according to sex, an hour at each end of each day, they 
might be spared for years — perhaps to long lives of usefulness, to 
their families, congregations, or the world. 

5. 80 far as poj^k is concerned as food, the following rule may 
be safely followed : If it agrees with the stomach, which is known 
by its digesting withQut *' risings," as it is called, its use may be 
continued, but if it rises, lessen the quantity, and if it still rises, 
abandon its use altogether; but it digests better with me than mutton 
or chicken, and I have been trying them for nearly Jifti/ years. The 
same rule is good for all articles of food. As to exercise, for men who 
are not regular laborers, wood-sawing is the best, next, horseback 
riding, then walking; for women, hoeing in the garden or field, next, 
sweeping, dusting, etc., then horseback riding, walking, etc. 

6, But I have recently seen a piece going the rounds of the 
papers as the best cure for consumption in the world, which contains 
so much good sense that I will close my remarks on the subject by 
giving it a quotation, and let every one judge for themselves, which 
to try, if they see fit to give either a trial. It is represented as coming 
from an exchange only, but from its style of remark, I think it must 
have started from HalVs Journal of Health : 

" Eat all that the appetite requires of the most nourishing food, 
such as fresh beef, lamb, oysters, raw eggs, fruit, vegetables, and three 
times a day take a glass of egg-nog, made as rich as the patient can 
bear. Avoid all other alcoholic drinks. Bathe twice a week in water 
made agreeably warm, and in a warm room ; after bathing, rub the 
body and limbs with sweet cream or sweet oil. Exercise daily in the 
open air ; walking is the best. Stand erect, exercise the arms and 
lungs freely; keep the mind cheerful; take freely of the best cough 
syrup, and consumption will be a stranger to your household. 

"For making the best cough syrup, take 1 oz. of thoroiighwort; 
1 oz. of slippery elm; 1 oz. of stick licorice, and 1 oz. of flax seed; 
simmer together in 1 qt. of water until the strength is entirely 



112 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 

extracted. Strain carefully, add 1 pt. of best molasses and % lb. of 
loaf sugar; simmer them all well together, and when cold bottle 
tight. This is the cheapest, best, and safest medicine now or ever in 
use." 

" A few doses of one table-spoon at a time will alleviate the most 
distressing cough of the lungs, soothes and allays irritation, and if 
continued, subdues any tendency to consumption ; breaks up entirely 
the whooping cough, and no better remedy can be found for croup, 
asthma, bronchitis, and all affections of the lungs nnd throat. Thou- 
sands of precious lives may be saved every year by this cheap and 
simple remedy, as well as thousands of dollars which would otherwise 
be spent in the purchase of nostrums which are both useless and 
dangerous." — Exchange. For egg-nog, see " Stimulant in Low Fe- 
vers." 

OINTMENTS.— For Old Sores.— Red precipitate, i^ oz.; sugar of 
lead, 3^ oz. ; burnt alum, 1 oz. ; white vitriol, 34 oz., or a little less; all 
to be very finely pulverized; have mutton tallow made warm, 3^ lb. ; 
stir all in, and stir until cool. 

Mr. Brownell, of Dowagiac, Michigan, thinks there is no ointment 
equal to this for fever or any otlier old sores, from actual trial, as 
much so as Mr. Lootais does of his Liniment Ko. 2. 

2. Jndkin's Ointment.— This ointment has long been celebrated 
through Ohio and the Eastern States. It was invented and put up by 
an old Doctor of that name, whose family took to the profession of 
medicine as naturally as ducks to water. I obtained it of one of the 
sons, who is practicing at Malaga, Ohio, from whom I also obtained 
Landolfi's and his own method of curing cancer, (see those recipes,) 
and he always uses this ointment to heal cancers and all other sores : 

Linseed-oil, 1 pt.; sweet oil, 1 oz. ; and boil them in a kettle on 
coals for nearly 4 hours, as warm as you can; then have pulverized 
and mixed, borax, i^ oz. ; red lead, 4 ozs., and sugar of lead 1^ ozs.; 
remove the kettle from the fire and thicken in the powder ; continue 
the stirring until cooled to blood heat, then stir in I oz. of spirits of 
turpentine; and now take out a little, letting it get cold, and if not 
then sufficiently thick to spread upon thin, soft linen, as a salve, you 
will boil again until this point is reached. 

He saj-^s, and I have no doubt of it, that it is good for all kinds of 
wounds, bruises, sores, burns, white swellings, rheumatisms, ulcers, 
sore breasts, and even where there are wounds on the inside, it has 
been used with advantage, "by applying a plaster over the part. 

3. Sisson's Ointment. — Best brandy, }4. P^-i turpentine, 1 gill; 
camphor gum, 1 oz. ; beefs gall, }^ pt ; (beefs gall bottled with 3^ 
pt. alcohol, will keep nice for future use); neats-foot oil, 1 pt. Mix. 

This ointment, or properly liniment, is probably not equaled for 
reducing swellings which arise from bad bruises, or swellings of long 



Medical Department 113 

standing; rub it in for quite a lengtli of time, then wet a flannel in it 
and wrap around the parts. 

4. Green Ointment.— White pine turpentine and lard. }^ lb. 
each ; honey and bees-wax, i<^ lb. each ; melt all together and stir in 
J^ oz. of mry finely pulverized verdigris. 

In deep wounds and old sores this works admirably. It keeps out 
proud flesh and heals beyond all calculation, keeping up a healthy 
discharge. It was used on a horse, which had run upon a fence stake, 
the stake entering under the shoulder-blade and penetrating eighteen 
inches alongside of the ribs; the ointment was introduced by stiffening 
linen cloth with warm bees-wax, and rolling it up into what is called 
a tent,, then smearing the ointment upon the tent, and pushing it to 
the bottom of the wound, which kept the outside from healing until 
it healed from the bottom, and thus saved the horse, which everybody 
said must die; and of course everybody always knows. The man 
owning the horse was thrown from his buggy whilst the horse was 
running, and had a leg broken ; the horse was well before the man. 
Hiram Sisson, an old farrier and farmer, of Crown Point, Essex Co., 
iN". Y.. has used this and the one bearing his name, No. 3, several 
years, and speaks of them in the highest terms. Mr. Wykoff", a few 
miles north of this city, has used this green ointment for several years, 
curing a deep cut in the thigh of a friend in a few days with it, which 
induced him to pay ten dollars to an English lady for the recipe; since 
then he cured a bad (;ase of chilblains, with it, upon a German boy 
who had not worn boots or shoes for three years, on their account. I 
have now known it for two years, curing cuts on horses' feet from 
stepping over corn stubble in spring ploughing, by only a few appli- 
cations. It Is worth more than the cost of this book to any family who 
has not got it. 

This, mixed with equal parts of the " Magnetic," No. 11, and tlie 
world cannot beat it for general use. 

5. Green Ointment. — Honey and bees-wax, each V^ lb. ; spirits 
of turpentine, 1 oz. : wintergreen oil and laudanum, each 2 ozs. ; 
verdigris, finely pulverized, ^ oz.; lard, 1}^ lbs.; mix by a stove fire, 
in a copper kettle, heating slowly. 

I have given this ointment, varying somewhat from the first 
obtained of a gentleman at Jamestown, N. Y. who was selling it in 
large quantities, as he uses the spirits of turpentine instead of the 
white pine, for that frequently is hard to get, and by some this will be 
preferred, for the flesh of a few persons will inflame under the free 
use of verdigris, and it will be seen that this last recipe has not near as 
much of it in as the first. 

6. Dr. Kiitredge's Celebrated Ointment,— For *' Pimpled- 
Face," *' Prairie Itch,'' etc. — Take a pint bottle and put into it nitric 
acid, 1 oz. ; quicksilver, 1 oz., and let stand until the silver is cut; 
then melt lard, 3^ lb. in an earthen bowl and mix all together, and 
stir with a wooden spatula until cold. 



114 Dr, Chase's Recipes. 

Old Dr. Kittredge is an Allopathic physician, but his ointment has 
been known, over the whole State, as death to the "Michigan, or 
Prairie Itch,'' and the Doctor recommends it for Cancerous, Scrofulous, 
and Syphilitic Ulcers, also Sa1t-rheum, Ring-Worms, " Pimpled-Face," 
Chronic Inflammation of the Eyelids, etc. Application. — For 
cutaneous eruptions, scratch off the scab, warm the cerate, rub in 
thoroughly once a day; for running ulcers, spread a thin plaster, and 
not change oftener than once in thirty-six or forty-eight hours. 

T. Mead's Salt-rheum Ointment. — Aquafortis, 1 oz.; quicksilver, 
1 oz. ; good hard soap, dissolved so as to mix readilj'-, 1 oz. ; prepared 
chalk 1 oz., mixed with 1 lb. of lard; incorporate the above by putting 
the aquafortis and quicksilver into an earthen vessel, and when done 
effervescing, mix with the other ingredients, putting the chalk in last, 
and add a little spirits of turpentine, say 3^ a table-spoon. 

Mr. Mead is a resident of this city, advanced in age, over ninety 
years, and great confidence may be placed in this recipe. He sent it 
for insertion in the seventh edition of this work, and many have tried 
it witli satisfaction. He first proved it on himself, after suffering with 
Salt-rheum for ten years; at first it came back after two years; he 
then cured it again, and now has been free from it about fourteen 
years. His only object in presenting me the recipe was to do good to 
liis fellow-creatures. Some physicians think that if nitric acid one 
ounce and three drachms, was put upon the quicksilver, and cut or 
dissolved by gentle heat, that it would be a better way to prepare it; 
but I never wish to change when an article works as well as this does. 

§• Dr. Gibson, of Jamestown, Pa., says he has never failed in 
curing salt-rheum or leprosy, (meaning very bad skin diseases) with 
the following: 

First, wash the part with castile soap and water, dry with a soft 
cloth, then wet the parts erupted with the tincture of iodine, and after 
this gets dry, anoint with citron ointment. When the eruption exists 
about parts not covered with clothing, use the following wash alter- 
nately with the tincture: Corrosive sublimate, 1 dr.; sugar of lead, 3 
ozs. ; white vitriol, 3 scruples; salammoniac, 3 drs. ; common salt, 2 
drs. ; soft water, 1 pt. ; mix. 

He had a case— a young gentleman who was engaged to be 
married, but the lady would not marry him until cured from the fact 
that a sore of a leprous or obstinate character surrounded his head 
where the hat came in contact with it. But patience and nine months 
perseverance removed the scab from his crown, and crowned him with 
a help-meet. 

Let me here say, that in any disease of long standing, use some 
of the alterative medicines to cleanse the blood, while using the out- 
ward applications. The " Cathartic Alterative" is especially adapted 
to the skin diseases, and should be continued some time, even if you 
are not anxious to get married. The Citron Ointment Is kept by 
nearly all druggists. 



Medical Department. 115 

9. White lead in sweet oil, used as an ointment, cured a lady in 
Lafayette, Tnd., of a bad case of Salt-rheum. 

10. Itch Ointment.— Unsalted butter, 1 lb.; Burgundy pitch, 2 
ozs.; spirits of turpentine, 2 ozs.; red percipitate, pulvericed, 1^ oz.; 
melt the pitch and add the butter, stirring well together; then remove 
from the lire, and when a little cool, add the spirits of turpentine, and 
lastly the precipitate, and stir until cold. 

This will cure all cases of psora, usually called " The Itch," and 
many other skin eruptions, as pimples, blotches, etc. 

Dr. Beach thinks the animal which infests the skin, in real itch, 
is the result of the disease, whilst most authors think it the cause. 

11. Magnetic Ointment— Said to be Trask's.— Lard, raisins, cut 
in pieces, and fine-cut tobacco, equal weights; simmer well together, 
then strain, and press out all from the dregs. 

The above is an excellent ointment, and looks like its namesake, 

and its action is really magnetic. Mix this in equal parts with the 

first Green Ointment, No. 4, and it will make a good application in 

Piles, Salt-rheum, and all cutaneous or skin diseases, as well as Cuts, 

Bruises, etc. If used in Salt-rheum, some of the alterative remedies 

must be taken at the same time, and long continued. 

12. Stramonium Ointment.— The probability is, that for gen- 
eral use, no ointment will be found superior to this, w^hen properly 
made. It is kept by most druggists, but it is not half as good, 
generally, as if made by the following directions. I give large pro- 
portions, from the fact that it will be used in large quantities. 
Stramonium is known by the names of "Jimpson," "Stink-weed," 
' Thorn-apple," etc., from its thorny burr. 

Pick about a bushel of the leaves, while yet green, having a suita- 
ble iron kettle placed over a slow fire; put in a few of the leaves, and 
mash them as you keep adding, until you get them all mashed into a 
pulpy mass; then put in lard, 5 lbs., and stew to a crisp; then strain, 
and box for use. Those who live in towns, and prefer to make it 
with less trouble, will purchase 1 dr. of the soft extract, kept by 
druggists, rubbing it with a little water until it is of such a consistence 
as to allow it to be rubbed into an ointment with lard, 1 oz. This will 
be better than the sale ointment, but not as good as the "Home 
Made," above. 

It is anodyne (relieves pain) in burns, scalds, old irritable ulcers, 
skin diseases, painful hemorrhoids (Piles), and is discutient (driving 
away swellings), and very strengthening to broken limbs, i. e., after 
the bones are healed, to rub over the limb freely and thoroughly. It 
reduces the swelling, and gives tone to the muscles, tendons, etc. 

We have recently known two cases of fracture, one a compound 
fracture of the ankle, the other of the wrist, both in persons well 
advanced in life; in both cases strength returned very slowly, but 
with double speed by the free application of this ointment; and in the 
first case it undoubtedly prevented mortification. It is valuable, also, 
in painful or swelled rheumatism. Or, perhaps what would be pre- 



Ii6 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 

ferable in such cases, is a tincture made from tlie seeds of the thorny- 
burr, two ounces, to alcohol and water, of each a half-pint. If it is 
not found ahead of the "Tincture of Arnica," I will give you my head 
for a foot-ball. In applying it, wet cloths or brown paper, and bind 
upon the parts, keeping them well wet. To make this tincture, see 
" Tinctures." 

13. Toad Ointment.— For sprains, strains, lame-back, rheuma- 
tism, caked breasts, caked udders, etc., etc. 

Good sized live toads, 4 in number; put into boiling water and 
cook very soft; then take them out and boil the water down to i^ pt., 
and add fresh churned, unsalted butter, 1 lb., and simmer together; at 
the last add tincture of arnica, 2 ozs. 

This was obtained from an old physician, who thought more of 
it than of any other prescription in his possession. Some persons 
might think it hard on toads, but you could not kill them quicker in 
any other way. 

JAUNDICE.— Dr. Peabody's Cure.— In its Worst Forms.— Red 

iodide of mercury, 7 grs. ; iodide of potassium, 9 grs. ; aqua dis. (dis- 
tilled water), 1 oz.; mix. Commence by giving 8 drops 3 or 4 times a 
day, increasing 1 drop a day until 12 or 15 drops are given at a dose. 
Give in a little water immediately after meals. If it causes a griping 
sensation in the bowls, and fullness in the head when you get up to 
12 or 15 drops, go back to 6 drops, and up again as before. 

In two very bad cases of jaundice, I have known the above to be 
entirely successful. 

I am aware that many persons will not use any preparation con- 
taining mercury in any of its forms, while there are many otliers who 
would use them for that very reason. My object is to benefit aZ?, 
without strengthening the prejudices of any. For this reason, I give 
you the following: 

2. Drink for Jaundice. — Tie up soot and saffron, equal parts, 
in a cloth, to the size or half of a hen's ^^^'-^ let it lie in a glass of 
water over night; in the morning put the yolk of an ^g'g., beaten, into 
this water, and drink it. Do this 3 mornings, skipping 3, until nine 
doses have been taken. 

I am assured that it has proved successful in many bad cases. See 
also " Soot Coffee," No. 12, amongst the Ague remedies. 

PILES.— Successful Remedies.— Internal Remedy. — Cream-of- 
tartar, jalap pulverized, senna, and flowers of sulphur, 1 oz. each; 
nitrate of potash (saltpetre), J^ oz. ; golden seal, 1 oz., thoroughly 
jDulverize all together, in a mortar, and give a tea-spoon three times 
every day, or the dose may be varied to suit the condition of the 
patient, taking more or less to suit circumstances, keeping the bowels 
in a solvent state. 

External Application. — Inner bark of the white oak tree, boil 
and strain, and boil again until you obtain y^ pt. of the extract, very 
thick; then add y^ pt. of the oil of the oldest and strongest bacon you 
can procure ; simmer together until a union takes place when cold. 
Then apply by the ringer up the rectum every night, until well. Be 
very strict to abstain from strong and stimulating diet. The above is 



Medical Department. 117 

a sure cure for blind or bleeding piles, in all cases, sooner or later. 
Dr. Harriman, of Andersontown, Ind., has been very successful 
with this plan of treating Piles ; and since I obtained the plan, now 
two years, I have had one opportunity of proving it efficiency, upon a 
gentleman who had been laid up for days, and sometimes weeks, with 
the complaint. By a few applications of the external remedy he has 
been enabled to keep directly along with his labor. 

2. Pile Cerate. — Carbonate of lead, 3^ oz. ; sulphate of morphia, 
15 grs. ; stramonium ointment, 1 oz.; olive oil, 20 drops. Mix, and 
apply 3 times a day, or as occasion and pain may require. 

This create has been highly celebrated as a remedy in Piles. It 
will relieve the pain most assuredly. Piles have been cured with lamp 
oil, applied to the parts two or three times a day. Even tallow or any 
simple ointment, is good for dry piles, that is, for pain in those parts, 
coming on often in the dead of night, without apparent cause. 

3. For External Piles. — The following is very highly spoken 
of: Take oyster shells wash and burn them, then finely pulverize and 
rub up with fresh lard; anoint with this, and take internally, sulphur, 
one ounce, mixed with three ounces of pulverized resin ; take night 
and morning what will lay on a five cent piece. Take every day for 
the first week, then every three or four days, until well, continuing 
the ointment. 

4. Mrs. Morehead, of Danville, Ind., cured herself of Piles by 
simply sitting in a hip-bath of warm water, every time the pains 
would come on, after stools, or any other time, remaining in the bath 
until the pain left her. Her husband cured himself by sitting in cold 
water, and using ujDon the parts an ointment made by stewing celen- 
dine in fresh lard. I give these various plans, so that if any one fails, 
a remedy may certainly be found amongst the many given. 

5. G. P. Rogers, of Ironton, O., has known cases cured by using 
the following ointment: Powdered opium and powdered resin, one 
ounce each, mixed with one ounce of tallow, and anoint as required. 

6. Dr. D. W. Raymond, of Conneaut, O., says: Equal weights 
of glycerine and tannin will cure Piles, by anointing with it, and that 
very speedily; also cures sore or cracked nipples in twenty-four hours, 
and is remarkably good for any excoriation, or sore, of the skin. I 
know that simple tallow introduced into the rectum is exceedingly 
beneficial in Piles, which satisfies me that any preparation containing 
oil, or any kind of grease, is good. 

7. I have found in the scrap of an old newspaper, the following, 

and it is so easily tried, and speaks with so much certainty, and is so 

simple, that I give it an insertion: 

** Simple cure for Piles.— Mix one table-spoon of sulphur with 
half a pint of milk, to be taken every day until favorable symptoms 
appear, and then occasionally, as the case may require. The above is 
a cheap, simple, and most infallible cure for that most painful and uu- 



Ii8 Dr. Chasers Recipes. 

pleasant disorder. Tt lias been used with complete success in old and 
inveterate cases M^here individuals had spent scores of dollars in medi- 
cal advice. It is equally useful as a preventive. It will injure none, 
and only requires a trial." 

8, Paschal Mason, living near this city, cured a Southern lady, 
visiting in tlie neighborhood, wlio was confined to the bed with them, 
by making a strong tea of the wild swamp-currant root, drinking 
occasionally for a few days only. 

9. Jimpson leaves and parsely, a handful of each, stewed in lard, 
one pound, and used as an ointment, has cured many cases. 

ANODYNES— Hoffman's Anodyne, or Golden Tincture.— Sul- 
phuric ether, 2 ozs. ; alcohol, 4 ozs.; and ethereal oil ^4 dr.; mix. 
Dose. — From half to two tea-spoons, (3^ dr. to 2 dr.), according to 
the urgency or jiain for which it is given. 

It is given in a little sweetened water, and much preferred by the 
Germans to laudanum, especially where laudanum causes sickness of 
tne stomach. It makes an excellent local application in neuralgia 
and other painful affections, being second cousin to the "Magnetic 
Tooth Cordial " and " Paralytic Liniment." 

2. Laiidauum. — Best Turkey opium, 1 oz.; slice, and pour upon 
it boiling water, 1 gill, and work it in a bowl or mortar until it is dis- 
solved; then pour it into the bottle, and with alcohol of seventy-six 
per cent, proof, ^ pt., rinse the dish, adding the alcohol to the prepa- 
ration, shaking well, and in twenty-four hours it will be ready for 
use. Dose. — From 10 to 30 drops for adults, according to the strength 
of patient, or severity of the pain. 

Thirty drops of this laudanum will be equal to one grain of 
opium. And this is a much better way to prepare it than putting the 
opium into alcohol, or any other spirits alone, for in that case much 
of the opium does not dissolve. See the remarks occurring after 
" Godfrey's Cordial." 

3. P.aregoric. — Best opium "^ dr.; dissolve in about 2 table- 
spoons of boiling water; then add benzoic acid ^ dr.; oil of anise, y^ 
a fluid dr. ; clarified honey, 1 oz. ; camphor gum, 1 scruple ; alcohol, 
76 per cent., 11 fluid ozs; distilled water, 4>^ fluid ozs.; macerate 
(keep warm) for two weeks. Dose. — For children, 5 to 20 drops; 
adults, 1 to 2 tea-spoons. 

Used as an anodyne and antispasmodic, allays cough, relieves 
nausea and slight pains in the stomach and bowels, checks diarrhoea, 
and procures sleep. Used principally for children. See the remarks 
after No. 5, below. 

4. Bateman's Pectoral Drops. — Opium in powder, catechu in 
powder, camphor gum, red sanders rasped, of each, yi oz.; oil of 
anise, 1 dr. ; dilute alcohol, (alcohol of 76 per cent, and water in equal 
proportions,) 1 gal. Keep warm for two weeks. 

The opium strength of this is about equal to paregoric, and it is 

used for similar purposes, and doses. See the remarks below. 

5. Godfrey's Cordial.— Dissolve pure carbonate of potassa, 1 
oz., in water, 5 qts., and add nice golden syrup or best molasses, 3 qts*, 



Medical Department 119 

and heat until they begin to simmer, take off the scum, and add 

laudanum, 9 ozs., and oil of sassafras, 1 dr. Mix well. Used similar 
to the two last. 

Remarks. — It is a well-known fact that much injury is done to 
children by the use of anodynes, such as tlie above, and " Mrs. Wins- 
low's Soothing Syrup," which is now taking the place, to a great 
extent, in towns, of the foregoing, for I noticed a short time ago 
eighty-seven empty bottles with Mrs. Winslow's label upon them, 
sitting on a counter of one of our drug stores, which led me to ask if 
they put up her syrup. The answer was No, a lady in this city has fed 
that much to one child within the past eighteen months. 

The question might be asked, why do you tell people how to make 
any of these anodynes? Because they are good in proper cases, when 
properly used, and to give a place for these remarks ; for those who 
are evil disposed will find a way to accomplish their designs, whilst 
the well disposed will, or can act only from knowledge, and If they 
do not know the evils arising from the constant use of anodynes on 
children, are as liable to do evil as the evil disposed. 

Then let it be remembered that the constant use of opium in any 
of its preparations, on children or adults, disturbs the nervous system, 
and establishes a nervous necessity for its continuation. Then use 
them only in severe pain, or extreme nervousness, laying them by 
again as soon as possible under the circumstances of the case. Of 
course we do not give a recipe for the "Soothing Syrup" spoken of, 
as its exact composition has not yet come out to the public ; but that 
its soothing properties are owing to opium, there is not the least doubt. 
See " Carminatives," which are preferable to opiates, especially for 
children. 

RHEUMATISMS.— Iniaammatory Rheumatisms.— Bill Wright's 
and other Cures. — Sulphur and saltpetre, of each , 1 oz. ; gum guaiac, 
% oz. ; colchicum root, or seed, and nutmegs, of eacli, 3^ oz. ; all to 
be pulverized and mixed with simple syrup or molasses, 2 ozs. Dose. 
— One tea-spoon every 2 hours, until it moves the bowels rather freely; 
then 3 or 4 times daily, until cured. 

Mr. Wright, of the Niagara Hotel, Toledo, O., has several times 
proved this to be an excellent medicine, and since I obtained it I found 
a man at Marshall, Mich., one Saturday evening, with his feet and 
legs so swollen with this disease, that he could but just crawl with two 
crutches. I filled this prescription and gave him a tea-spoon of it 
every two hours, until it moved his bowels, then every four hours, 
and on Monday noon he could walk quite comfortably without cane 
or crutch, the medicine costing him only twenty cents. 

2. Rheumatic Alterative. — In Rheumatism of long standing, the 
following preparation has often proved very valuable: 

Colchicum seed, and black cohosh root, of each, 1^ oz., the roct to 
be bruised; best rye whisky, 1 pt. ; put together, and let stand 3 or 4 



I20 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 

days. Dose. — From 1 tea-spoon to a table-spoon 3 times daily, before 
meals. 

Tlie action will be to loosen the bowels, or cause a little sickness at 
the stomach ; and the dose may be modified, not to cause too great an 
effect upon the patient either way, but increasing the dose, if neces- 
sary, until one of these specific actions is felt, and lessening it if the 
action is too great in any case. 

3. Rheumatic Liniment. — Olive oil, spirits of camphor, and 
chloroform, of each, 2 ozs.; sassafras oil, 1 tea-spoon. First add the 
oil of sassafras to the olive oil, then the spirits of camphor, and shake 
well before putting in the chloroform, shaking when used, keeping it 
corked, as the chloroform evaporates very fast if left open. Apply 3 
or four times daily, rubbing it well, and always toward the body. 

I had a brother-in-law cured of a very bad case of inflammatory, 
or swelling rheumatism, by the use of this liniment — accomplished in 
about four days, without other treatment. He paid five dollars for 
the recipe after the cure. But I woulfl recommend the use of this in 
connection with " Bill Wright's Cure," above, feeling perfectly assured 
that no attack will stand before the internal and external combination. 

4. J. B. Hitchcox, Ypsilanti, Mich., uses spirits of turpentine, 1 
pt. ; tar, 2 tea-spoons; oil of vitriol, 1 tea-spoon; mixing in a mug; 
then sets them on tire, letting it burn 15 minutes, and bottle for use. 

He bathes the parts freely twice daily with this preparation, then 
binds on the mashed tory-weed, as mentioned under the head of 
"Reducing Swellings," and gives a little spirits of turpentine inter- 
nally. 

5. Alvah Raymond takes rum, 1 pt; neafs-foot oil, 3^ pt., or if 
the joint is stiff, skunk's oil instead of the other; spirits of turpentine, 
1 gill, and simmers them together, and bottles for use, rubbing it in 
thoroughly 3 times daily. 

He also directs to soak the feet in hot water, scraping the bottoms 
of the feet with an old knife; then he has poke root roasted and 
mashed, mixing with it tar and sulphur, to form drafts for the feet. 
With this method of treatment he assures me he has been very success- 
ful for 30 years. And it bears so strong a resemblance to Dr. 
Kittredge's preparation, next following, for stiftened joints in rheu- 
matism, that it gives me double confidence in them both. 

6. Dr. Kittredge's Remefly for Rheumatism and Stiff Joints.— 

Strong camphor spirits, 1 pt. ; neat's-foot, coon, bear, or skunk's oil, 1 
pt.- spirits of turpentine, ^ pt. Shake the bottle when used, and 
apply 3 times daily, by pouring on a little at a time and rubbing in all 
you can for 20 to 30 minutes. 

The old Doctor recommends this as a sure cure for chronic rheu- 
matism, sprains, stiff joints, where they have not formed an anchy- 
losis, that is, if the bones have not actually grown together; and as 
remarked in connection with his ointment. No. 6, he has been a very 
celebrated physician for many years; but like many o^/icr men with 



Medical Department. 121 

superior minds, oh ! how fallen. Rum, and its advocates, have got a 
most fearful account to balance. 

T. French and Other Remedies for Chronic Rheumatism. — Dr. 

Bonnett, of Graulbet, France, states in a letter to the Aheille Mediccde^ 
that he " has been long in the habit of prescribing: 

" The essential oil of turpentine for frictions against rheumatism. 
And that he has used it himself with perfect success, having almost 
instantaneously got rid of rheumatic pains in both knees and in the 
left shoulder." 

He was led to make the prescription from having used the oil of 
turpentine to wash coal tar and other sticking mixtures from his 
hands. After having washed his hands in soap and water, and dr^ung 
them, a pricking sensation, like an electric spark upon the knuckles 
from a machine lasting about two hours, was always experienced, and 
it is to tills exciting action that he attributes its etficacy. It may be 
used twice or thrice daily. 

8. Chronic Rlieumatism has been cured in twenty-four hours, 
after two years' suffering, by using alcohol, spirits of turpentine, 
sw^eet spirits of nitre, and oil of juniper, equal parts of each; mix; 
rub well into the parts, and take ten drops at bed time in water. 

9. Bitters for Chronic Rheumatism. — Prickly-ash berries, spike- 
nard root, yellow poplar and dog-wood barks, of each 3^ lb. ; all 
pulverized and put into a gallon jug, and till it up with brandy. 
Dose. — A wine glass of it is to be taken 3 times daily before meals. 

A baker, of Lafayette, Ind., was cured by the use of this amount, 
of a very bad case of this disease, of long standing. 

10. David Howry, of Greenville, Ohio, says yellow poplar, dog- 
wood, prickly-ash, wild cherry, and white-ash barks of the trees, 
equal quantities of each, a good large handful, boiled in 2 gals, of 
water to 1, and add 1 gal. of goodokUye, will, if taken freely 3 times 
daily, cure the worst inflammatory rheumatism in the world. 

There is no question but what both of these preparations, and the 
next also, are good, if made sufficiently strong with the barks. But 1 
snould consider them much more applicable in chronic cases, or rheu- 
matism of long standing; and in these very applicable indeed; and I 
am well satisfied that no one will take them for spirits. 

11. Chronic Rheumatism, has been cured by taking the bark of 
a bearing crab-apple tree, and putting a sufficient amount of it into 
whisky to make it very strong, then taking a wine-glass three times 
daily, until a gallon was used. 

12. Green Bay Indian's Remedy for Rheumatism.— Walioo, 

bark of the root, 1 oz. ; blood-root, 1 oz. ; black cohosh root, 2 ozs. ; 
swamp hellebore, % oz. ; prickly-ash bark or bei-ries, 1 oz. ; poke 
root, cut fine, 1 oz. ; rye whisky, 1 qt.; let stand a few days before 
using. Dose. — One tea-spoon every 3 or 4 hours, increasing the dose 
to 2 or 3 tea-spoons, as the stomach will bear. 

Soak the feet well aiad go to bed, covering up warm, and taking the 
"Sweating Drops" between each dose, as thei^ directed, for three or 
6 



122 Dr, Chase's Recipes. 

four hours, and repeat the sweating every day until the disease surren- 
ders to the treatment. If at any time the head feels too full, or the 
stomach sickens too much, drop down to the first dose of a tea-spooiii 
or even less, if necessar3\ 

This prescription is from Jacob S. Cornelius, an Indian of Green 
Bay, who was very successful in Illinois, with it, in this disease. 

13. I know an old physician who assures me that he has cured 
cases where all other remedies failed, with saltpeter, beginning with 
twenty grains, and doubling the dose every three or four hours, until 
it reached half an ounce, in a very robust and plethoric patient; but 
this dose would be too large to venture upon by persons not of a 
plethoric habit. But as it is mostly prescribed, by putting a table- 
spoon to a pint of whisky, then a tea-spoon for a dose ; you might as 
well expect to dip the Atlantic into the Pacific with a tea-spoon, as to 
cure rheumatism in that slow way. It may be taken in quantities 
from half an ounce to an ounce and a half, in the twenty-four hours, 
being \irgely diluted with water. If pain should come on in the 
fetomacli, under its use, stop it at once, and give large quantities of 
mucilaginous drinks, such as slippery-elm water, gum-arabic water, 
flax-seed tea, etc. 

14. New Remedy. — Kerosene oil, 3 ozs. ; skunk's oil, 1 oz.; mix, 
and shake when applied. Put it on quite freely, and heat it in by the 
stove, or by means of a hot shovel. 

A firm of grocers, Slawson & Geer, of this city, have been using 
this mixture during the past winter upon their own persons, and have 
recommended it to many others, amongst them one of the Clergymen, 
and also the President of the University, and so far as tliey know, it 
has i^roved very successful, relieving the pain directly. 

15. One of our physicians in tlie city has used a preparation 
very nearly resembling tlie above, but varying sufficiently to satisfy 
myself that any other animal oil will do as well as that from the 
highly-flavored one above mentioned. 

He used kerosene oil, 2 ozs.; neat's-foot oil, 1 oz.; oil of origanum, 
3^ oz. ; mixed and shaken as used. 

The smell of the kerosene oil is not very pleasant, but if a pair of 
ankles and feet, badly swollen, so much so that you could not walk on 
them for months, could be cured in two or three weeks, as it was in 
this case, it might be well to put up with its disagreeable smell. Rub 
and heat it in thoroughly twice daily. 

ASTHMA. — Kemedies. — Elecampane, angelica, comfrey, and 
spikenard roots, with hoarhound tops, of each 1 oz. ; bruise and 
steep in honey, 1 pt. Dose— A table-spoon, taken hot every few 
minutes, untifrelief is obtained, then several times daily until a cure 
is eftected. 

It cured a young lady, near the "Falls of the Ohio,'' whom the 
doctors said it was wicked to disturb. " Let her dU in peace," was 



Medical Department. 123 

their advice to the parents. An old lady, instead, let her lite in peace. 
It will be found very excellent in any cough; even low consumptives 
will find great relief from its use. 

2, Dr. J. K. Finlej^, of Pittsburg, cured a lady with whom I 

afterwards became acquainted, and from the completeness of the cure, 

I was induced to write to the doctor and obtain the prescription. It is 

as follows : 

Oil of tar, 1 dr ; tincture of veratrum viride, 2 drs. ; simple 
syrup, 2 drs. ; mix. Dose. — For adults, 15 drops, 8 or 4 times daily. 

I have very great confidence in this prescription. 

3, A lady at Yellow Springs, O., tells me that she cured herself 
of Asthma, by using, for her common drink, a tea made of the leaves 
of common chestnut, which had fallen from the tree in autumn; 
sweeten well, and continue its use for 2 or 3 months. 

She used it for a month at first, and it returned, when she con- 
tinued its use for two months; and ten years have elapsed without its 
return. It is certainly safe as well as simple, and of easy trial. 

Lobelia is considered by some a specific in Asthma, but the pre- 
judice against it is so great I forbear speaking further of it; but: 

4, Iodide of potassium has cured a bad case of Asthma, by 
taking 5 gr. doses, 3 times daily. Take i^^ oz. and put it into a vial, 
and add 32 tea-spoons of water — then 1 tea-spoon of it will contain 
the 5 grs., which jiut into "%. &ill more of water, and drink before 
meals. 

COMPOSITION POWDER.— Thompson's.— "Bayberry bark, 2 
lbs. ; hemlock bark, 1 lb. ; ginger root, 1 lb.; cayenne pepper, 2 ozs. ; 
cloves, 2 ozs.; all finely pulverized and well mixed. Dose. — One-half 
of a tea-spoon of it, and a spoon of sugar; put them into a tea-cup 
and pour it half full of boiling water; let it stand a few minutes and 
fill the cup with milk, and drink freely. If no milk is to be obtained 
fill up the cup with hot water. 

"This, in the first stages and less violent attacks of the disease, is a 
valuable medicine, and may be safely employed in all cases. It is 
good in relax, pain in the stomach and bowels, and to remove all 
obstructions caused by cold. A few doses, the patient being in bed 
with a steaming stone at the feet, or having soaked the feet fifteen or 
twenty minutes in hot water, drinking freely of the tea at the same 
time, will cure a bad cold, and often throw off disease in its first 
stages." I use it, taking or giving, lobelia emetics, as mentioned 
under the head of " Eclectic Emetics." I use it also as a: 

2. Dyspeptic Tea. — Where an attack has been brought on by 
over-indulgence at an extra rich meal, you will find immediate and 
generally perfect relief by having a cup of this tea made, and drink- 
ing about one-half of it fifteen minutes before meals, and the balance 
just as you sit down to the meal, not taking any other fluid at all until 
after digestion is over, following up the same plan for a few days or 
weeks, as may be necessary. It stimulates the stomach to action. 



124 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 

causing digestion and absorption, preventing also tlie accumulation of 
gas, whicli is the cause of eructations of wind from the stomach, 
commonly called belching, and gives tone to the whole system. 

A cup of this tea taken when going out into extreme cold, will be 
found a better warmer than the whisky or any other ardent spirit, 
which so many resort to upon such occasions; and, what is best of all, 
it will be found : 

3. A Perfect Cure for Drunkenness. — Let those who are accus. 
tomed to the excessive use of ardent spirits, and who wish to stop the 
practice, I say, let such have a cup of this tea made, as above directed, 
and drink a part of it immediately on rising in the morning, and the 
balance just before meal time, keeping entirely away from the places 
of temptation, they will find a warm, healthy glow spreading from 
the stomach over the whole system, with a desire for food instead of 
"rot-gut." Follow this up faithfully, two or three times daily, or 
whenever the craving begins for the accustomed stimulus, for a few 
days or weeks^ if necessary, and it will be found that the cayenne, 
which is the purest stimulant in the whole Materia Medica, with its 
assistant, the bayberry, which stimulate without an iiiXer prostration^ 
have gradually supplied and satisfied the previous false appetite or 
cravings of the stomach; whilst the combination has toned up the 
stomach, together with the whole system, and again you find your- 
self a man. But remember, oh, remember! your only safety is in 
keeping entirely away from places tohere intoxicating spirits are kept or 
sold ! 

A burned child will not play with fire. I would to God that a 
burned man was equally wise. For not one in a thoiisand can resist 
the solicitation of enemies, (called friends,) to take a glass, just one, 
and that one glass acts like fresh coals upon extinguished bands, and 
the fire goes ahead again with a hundred-fold more energy than if 
thrown upon wood which had never been charred; hence, the x^ropri- 
ety of the sentence, " plucked as a brand from the everlasting burn- 
ings,'' — for if re-kindled, thei-e is but little prospect of another extin- 
guishment of the raging fire. Dr. Thompson, notwithstanding all 
tliat has been said against him, has done more good than any other 
medical man that ever lived; for he set the people to studying for 
themselves. 

STIMULANT— In Low Fevers, and After Uterine Hemorrhages. 
— Mistura Spiritns vini Gal lici.— Best brandy, and cinnamon water, 
of each, 4 fluid ozs.; the yolks of 2 a^^^^^, well beaten; loaf sugar, i-^ 
oz. ; oil of cinnamon, 2 drops; mix. Dose.— From i^to 1 (fluid) oz., 
as often as required. This makes both eat and drink. Of course any 
other flavoring oil can be used, if preferred, in place of the cinnamon. 

This mixture is an imitation of the well-known compound termed 

*' egg-flip." It is an exceedingly valuable stimulant and restorative, 



Medical Depa7'fment. I2q 

and is employed in the latter sta-es of low fevers, and in extreme 
exhaustion from uterine liemorrhages. It may be used in place of the 
*' ego-nog" spoken of in the treatment of consumption, No. 6. 

ALTER.4TiyES.— Syrnp, or Blood Purifier.— Honduras sarsi- 
parilla, 12 ozs ; guaiacum shavings, 6 ozs. ; wintergreen le-.t '4 o/' " 
sassafras root bark, 4 ozs.; elder flowers, 4 ozs. ; yellow dock 3 o/'' ' 

bn^kp?!^ 'p?^' ^ r-' '^•^^"^"\'.^'^ '■^^^' ^«^«'' bitteiUweet n.ot 2 ozs.Taii 
bruised. Place these ingredients in a suitable vessel, and add alcoho 
1 pt, with water sufficient to cover handsomelv, set thernira moder- 

set Tt'^^a^lde^^^nt-f ' "^' ^T '"'^''^ P^^"' ^^" i P* of tl^^'tincLri^^^^ 
set it aside until you add water to the ingredients and boil to 
obtain the strength, pour off and add more water and boil a4in then 

poti'^oranf add''.v\^l? ' '''l f""^' ^^^ addte^uor A? 
pouiea ott, and add 2^ lbs. crushed or coffee su^ar, and simmer to 

twn"!.1.P"^'' when cool, bottle and seal up for usl DoSE^-One to 
tvvo table-spoons according to the age and strengtli of the patient V 
hour before meals and at bed-time. ^ "^ ^^'^ pauenc, ^ 

Thi^s, or any other alterative, when given, should be followed up 
for weeks or months, according to tlie disease for which it is prescrib- 
ed, as scrofula, and for every disease depending upon an impure 
condition of the blood. It ought to be used in sore eyes of lon^ 
standing, old ulcers, salt-rheum, etc. I would not give this for Jayne? 
Alterative, nor Swain^ Townsend's or Ayer's Sarsaparillas, because I 
Know It IS good, and we also know what it is made of. 
c.ce^' Alterative, Very Strongo— Poke, mandrake, vellow dock 
sassafras, b lie flag, roots, and bark of the roots, guaiac-wS rlsnints' 
and sweet ek er flowers, of each 4 ozs ; caraway*' seed? roz^^Kse 
the roots, and put to the whole, alcohol, 1 qt., and water to^cover aU 

ohovf "''^' ^'' '^^^"^ ^ ""' ^ "^-^'y' i'^ '^ ^^^^-^ placeraTthe las^recine 
above, making every way the same, except to pour off lot inste fd of 
1 pt. as m the 1 rst, of spirit, thei'i boil the 4ater to 1 qt. addino- 1 
bs of sugar ^v,th the qt. of spirit tincture. The dose bein- onlv 1 
table-spoon 4 times daily, as above. ° ^ ^ 

But if that amount should make the bowels too loose, reduce the 
quantity; and if that amount does not act upon the bowels at all, in- 
crease the dose to keep the bowels solvent. This may be used in the 
most inveterate diseases of long standing, syphilis not excepted, 
creaitof tarS 2 L.^^'*l\^''*^^ ^^^t., five ozs.; 

pScf al?hra mmt'u ^^"^^^r^^ "' crystalizatior.ydrl'd'outt then 
Kitten } moitar and rub tmely and thoroughly too-ether Dosf — 
Mix up a few spoons of the powder with molasses- then f4p?^;^ 
spoon every 3 or 4 hrs. until a free cathartic actfon is W up for 24 o 

inl^'n^e In'lO^'x^'r ^ -^ on"he%1o?d,*increa^ 

lOo once ill 10 da} s to get up the cathartic action, as at first 

This alterative is especially valuable in any disease of the skin, as 

Itch pimples salt-rheum, and any other eruptions where any outward 

application is being made, or is about to be made; also valuable in 

4. Alterative, Tonic, and Catliarlic Bitters.-Best rye whisky, 



126 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 

and water, of each, 1 qt.; best iinground Peruvian bark, Colombo 
root, and prickly-ash berries, of each 2 ozs. ; prickly-ash, black cherry, 
and poplar barks, of eacli, 1 oz. ; poke-root, mandrake-root, and cloves, 
of each 3^ oz. ; all to be the dry articles, and all to be pulverized be- 
fore puttino- into tlie spirits; shake every day for a weelc, by which 
time it will be ready for use. Dose, — One to two table-spoons at 
mornino^ and evening meals. 

Although this alterative is mentioned last in- the list, yet it is not 
least in value. I first made this prescription for my own use, feeling 
that I needed something of just such a nature, and it worked so ad- 
mirably that I gave it to others. It has given such entire satisfaction, 
that I am now, at the tenth edition, giving it a place to do a greater 
good than if kept from the world. 

If, in any case, it causes any griping sensations, or too great action 
upon the bowels, lessen the dose, and if neither of these actions is felt, 
increase the dose, or take it three times daily. I think any of the fruit 
wines will do in place of the spirits and water, by adding alcohol, one- 
half pint. 

It will be found very valuable in all cases of weakness from gen- 
eral debility, and especially so when the liver is inactive, known by 
constant cositiveness. 

After using out the spirits, it may be filled again in the same way. 

It will be found very valuable in ague, and after all fevers, preventing 

relapse, and strengthening up the general system. 

DIUStETICS.— Pill, Brops, Decoction, etc.— Solidified copaiba, 2 
parts ; alcoholic extract of cubebs, 1 part \ formed into pills with a 
little oil of juniper. Dose. — One or two pills 3 or 4 times daily. 
Druggists can obtain them of Tilden & Co., New York. 

This pill has been found very valuable in affections of the kidneys, 
bladder, and urethra, as inflammation from gravel, gonorrhea, gleet, 
whites, leucorrliea, common infiammations, etc. For giving them a 
sugar coat, see that heading, if desired. 

2. Diuretic Drops. — Oil of cubebs, '% oz.; sweet spirits of nitre, 
3^ oz.; balsam copaiba, 1 oz.; Harlem oil, 1 bottle; oil of lavender, 20 
drops; spirits of turpentine, 20 drops; mix. Dose. — Ten to 25 drops, 
as the stomach will bear, 3 times daily. 

It may be used in any of the above diseases with great satisfaction. 

3. Diuretic Decoction. — Queen of the meadow, dwarf-elder, 
yellow dock and poke-roots, of each 1 oz.; dandelion, burdock, Ameri- 
can Sarsaparilla, and blue flag roots, of each 3^ oz. ; grind or pound all 
up, and thoroughly mix. Dose. — Take up a pinch with the ends of 
the fingers and thimib of one hand, say ^ to 3^ oz. and pour upon it 1 
pt. of boiling water, steeping a while; when cool, take a swallow or 
two sufficiently often to use up the pint in the course of the day. 

Follow this plan two or three days, or as may be necessary, re- 
suming the course once in ten or twelve days. It may be used in all 
obsti'uctions of the kidneys, where the urine is high colored or scanty. 

4. Diuretic Tincture. — Green or growing spearmint, mashed, 
put into a bottle and covered with gin, is an excellent diuretic. 



Medical Department. 127 

5. Diuretic for Children.— Spirits of nitre— a few drops in a 
little spearmint tea — is all sufficient. For very young cliildren, pump- 
kin seed, or watermelon seed tea is perliaps tlie best. 

DjftOPSY.— Syrup and PillSo— Queen of tlie meadow root, dwarf- 
elder flowei's, berries, or inner barli, juniper berries, horse-radisli 
root, pod milkweed or silkweed, often called, root of each, 4 ozs. ; 
prickly-ash bark or berries, mandrake-root, bitter-sweet, bark of the 
root, of each 2 ozs. ; white mustard, 1 oz. ; Holland gin, 1 pt. 

Pour boiling water upon all, except the gin, and keep hot for 13 
hours; then boil and pour off twice, and boil down to three quarts 
and strain, adding three pounds of sugar, and lastly gin. Dose. — 
Take all the stomach will bear, four times daily, say a wine-glass or 
more. This will be used in connection with the following : 

2. Dropsy Pills. — Jalap, 50 grs. ; gamboge, 30 grs. ; podophyllin, 
20 grs. ; elaterium, 12 grs.; aloes, 80 grs.; cayenne, 35 grs.; Castile 
soap, shaved, dried and pulverized, 20 grs.* croton oil, 90 drops; pow- 
der all tinely, and mix thoroughly ; then form into pill mass by using 
a thick mucilage made of equal parts of gum arable and tragacanth, 
and divide into 3 gr. pills. Dose. — One pill every 2 days for the first 
week, then every 3 or 4 days until the water is evacuated by the com- 
bined aid of the pill with the above syrup. 

In this disease the work must be very thorough, and I am inclined 
to think that if our directions are followed, that whoever find them- 
selves under the operations of the medicine will consider the work to 
be about as thorough as we expect. Some sickness of the stomach 
may be expected under the operation of the pill, but never mind it ; 
go ahead and four or five days will satisfy most persons of the 
value of the treatment ; for you may expect to see the greatest evacu- 
ations, front and rear, that you have ever witnessed. If the patient 
should become weak and exhausted under the continued treatment, 
slack up a little and throw in beef tea, wine, etc., with rich, nourish- 
ing diet, and no danger need be apprehended. The above will be 
found very valuable in bilious colic, and other cases hard to operate 
upon. They have oi)erated in fifteen minutes, but not usually so 
quick, of course; but it will generally be found best not to venture 
over one pill at a dose; two have been taken, however, but they made 
a scattering among the waste paper, causing fourteen evacuations, 
having to call for the second " chamber " the first fire. Some have 
called them the '* Irish Pill," from their resemblance to the Irish girl 
with her brush and scrub-broom. They make clean work. 

IREITATING PLASTER— Extensively Used by Eclectics.— Tar, 

1 lb ; Burgundy pitch, K oz. ; white pine turpentine, loz.; resin, 2 
ozs. Boil the tar, resin, and gum together a short time, remove from 
the fire, and stir in finely pulverized mandrake root, blood root, poke 
root, and Indian turnip, of each 1 oz. 

This plaster is used extensively in all cases where counter irrita- 
tion or revulsives are indicated ; as in chronic affections of the liver 
^nd lungs, or diseased joints, etc. It is applied by spreading it on 



128 Dr, Chase's Recipes, 

cloth and over the seat of pain, renewhig it every day, wiping off any 
matter which may be on it, and also wiping the sore produced by it 
with a dry clotli, until relief is obtained, or as long as the patient can 
bear it. Always avoid wetting the sore, as it will cause inllammation 
and you will be obliged to heal it up immediately^ instead of which 
the design is to keep a running sore as long as may be necessary, 
using at the same time constitutional remedies as the case may 
require. 

INFLAMMATION— Of the Liyer.— Inllammation of the liver, or 
as it is generally called "Liver complaint,'' is of two forms, acute 
and chronic. The acute form is l^nown by a sense of weight and 
pain in the right side, under the short ribs, and often in that shoulder, 
or between tlie shoulders, pale or yellow appearance, often great 
depression of spirits, not much appetite, costiveness, high colored 
urine, etc., and often with fever, and sometimes with pain similar to 
that of pleuris}', difficult breathing, dry cough, and sometimes sickness, 
with vomiting. 

In the chronic, or long standing complaint, in addition to the 
above, there is generally flatulence, with pain in the stomach, foul 
breath and mouth, coated tongue, indigestion, eyes yellow, stools clay 
colored, with great weakness and slow emaciation, frequently going 
on to ulceration, giving symptoms as mentioned under the head of 
"Ointment for Ulcerated Liver," etc. 

In the acute form j'ou will pursue the same course as mentioned 
under the head of *' Pleurisy," besides taking either of the Liver Pills 
or Liver Drops mentioned below, in full cathartic doses until relieved; 
but in tlie chronic form, the Pills, in connection with the "Ointment," 
or " Irritating Plaster," will be found all sufficient, unless Jaundice 
has alredy set in; then look to the directions under that disease. 

2. Eclectic Liver Pill.— Podophyllin, 10 grs. ; leptandrin, 20 
grs. ; sanguinarin,* lOgrs. ; extract of dandelion, 20 grs.; formed 
into 20 pills, by being laoistened a little with some essential oil, as 
cinnamon or peppermint, etc. Dose. — In chronic diseases of the liver, 
take 1 pill at night for several days, or 2 may be taken at first to move 
the bowels; then 1 daily. 

In connection with the pill, wear the "Irritating Plaster," over 

the region of the liver, washing the whole body daily, by means of 

towels, and rubbing dry, being careful not to wet the sore caused by 

the plaster; as an active cathartic from two to three pills may be taken 

in all cases where calomel or blue. pill are considered applicable by 

*' Old School Physicians." 

3. Liver Pill Improved. — Leptandrin, 40 grs.; podophyllin and 
cayenne, 30 grs. each; sanguinarin, iridin, and ipecac, 15 grs. 
each; see that all are pulverized and well mixed; then form into pill 

♦Note.— These articles are kept by Eclectic Physicians, and are begiuniug 
to be kept by Druggists generally. 



Medical Department. 129 

mass by using % dr. of the soft extract of mandrake and a few drops 
of anise oil, then roll out into 3 grain pills. 

Dose. — Two pills taken at bed time will generally operate by 
morning; but there are those that will require three, whilst one pill 
every night on retiring will be found the best corrective of the liver 
of anything now in use, for common cases; but in very bad cases 
where the pill does not arouse the liver to action, take the following : 

4. Liver Pills for Obstinate Cases.— Tinctures of mandrake 
and blue flag roots, of each 1 oz. ; and of culvers root, 2 ozs. Dose. — 
For adults, 1 tea-spoon every 3 to 5 hours, increasing the dose gradu- 
ally until you reach two or three tea-spoons, if the mouth does not 
become sore and the stomach not sickened nor the bowels moved too 
freely. 

These drops are especially applicable in liver and spleen enlarge- 
ments, and cases of very longstanding disease of these organs; and 
in such cases it may be well to use externally, over the liver and 
spleen, especially if there is believed to be ulceration, the following : 

5. Ointment for Ulcerated Liver, Ague Cake, etc.— Take a 
good handful of smartweed, wormwood, and the bark of sumac root; 
boil all together to get the strength, then strain and boil down care- 
fully to about 1^ pV., adding lard ^ lb., and simmering together ; 
when nearly cool add a tea-spoon of spirits of turpentine. 

Apply at night, bj^ rubbing it over the liver or other organ which 
may have pain or disease located upon it, heating it well by the stove 
or by a heated iron, putting it on, rubbing, and heating it in three or 
four times each application. 

I obtained this prescription from the Rev. Mr. Fraser, of this 
city, whose nephew was so afflicted with ulceration of the liver that 
a council of Doctors said he must die ; the pain was situated just 
under the short ribs of the right side, completely bowing him together, 
like the one of old who could " in no wise lift up herself." He had 
had a sister, who died some years before; but at this juncture of the 
case the invalid dreamed of meeting her, and she gave him this pre- 
scription, which he told his mother in the morning; and she would not 
rest until it was tried and it entirely cured the patient. The Elder 
tells me he has given it to a great many persons, for pains of internal 
organs, ague cakes, etc., and that it has given great satisfaction — a 
perfect cure. The two first named articles I know to be good for 
what they are here recommended, but they are generally used bj'^ boil- 
ing and laying the herbs over the affected parts, or by steaming the parts 
over the herbs. I see no reason why spirits from the other world 
should not be permitted to communicate with the spirits of friends 
here; but that they are so permitted, to communicate in such away as 
to be understood by us frail mortals, I never did, nor do I now believe, 
neither do I believe this to be X\\q, first dream of this character which 
has proved valuable. There are many things of a similar character 



130 Dr. Chase's Recipes, 

ill the history of a number of individuals in the range of my acquain- 
tance, more singular and unaccountable than the above, which would 
be very interesting to relate, but the nature of this work does not 
admit. If this shall benefit any, I shall be satisfied. 

PILLS.— Ner von s Pill. — Alcoholic extract of the Ignatia Amara, 
(St Ignatius bean) 30 grs ; powdered gum arable, 10 grs. Make into 
40 pills. Dose. — One pill to be taken an hour after breakfast, and 
one and hour before retiring at night. Half a pill is enough for 
young, or very old or very delicate persons. The pills may be easily 
cut if laid on a damp cloth for a few moments. 

These pills will be found applicable in bad dyspepsia, nervous 
headache, sleeplessness, palpitation of the heart, confusion of thought, 
determination of blood to the head, failure of memorj^, and all other 
forms of general nervous debility, no matter of how long standing. 
When a prominent advantage is discovered in two weelts from the 
commencement of the medicine, one a day will suffice until all are 
taken. 

The extract is made by pulverizing the seed or beau, and putting 
it into alcohol from ten to fourteen days, then evaporating to the 
consistence for working into pill mass with the powdered gum. 

Tliis is the prescription of the Rev. John M. Dagnal, the 
"Retired Physician," brought out in 1854, and to ni}'- attention, and 
that of the medical class, by Professor Palmer, in the University of 
Michigan, in the winter of '5G-7. He said when this prescription 
first came out he was practicing in Chicago, and many persons sent 
for the pills, and derived much benefit from their use at first, but 
soon after they seemed to lose their efficacy, and he presumed the 
reason to be that the demand was so great that something else 
was substituted in place of the extract.This being the case, drug- 
gists ought to prepare the extract themselves, so as to furnish patients 
with the genuine article for home use. It is undoubtedly a splendid 
prescription, if put up with fidelity. 

Pills. — To Sugar Coat. — Pills to be sugar-coated must be very 
drj^, otherwise they will shrink away from the coating and leave it a 
shell, easily crushed off". When they are dry, you will- 

Take starch, gum arable, and white sugar, equal parts, rubbing 
them very fine in a marble mortar, and if damp, they must be dried 
before rubbing together; then put the powder into a suitable pan, or 
box, for shaking; now put a few pills into a small tin box having a 
cover, and pour on to them just a little simple syrup, shaking well to 
moisten the surface only, then throw into the box of powder and keep 
i)i motion until completely coated, dry, and smooth. 

If you are not very careful you will get too much syrup upon the 
pills; if you do, put in more, and be quick about it, to prevent moist- 
ening the pill too much, getting them into the powder as soon as 
possible. 



Medical Department, 131 

3. Anodyne Pills. — Morphine, 9 grs. ; extract of stramonium and 
hyosciamus, of each, ]8 grs. ; form into pill-mass hy usino^ solution of 
gum arable and tragacanth, quite thick. Divide into 40 pills. Dose. 
— In case of severe pain or nervousness, 1 pill taken at bed-time will be 
found to give a quiet night of rest. 

The advantage of this pill over those depending entirely upon 
opium or morphine for their anodyne properties, is that they may be 
taken without fear of constipation. 

CROUP.— Simple, but Effectual Remedy.— This disease is attended 
by inflammation of the windpipe, spasms of the muscles of the 
throat, occasioning a peculiar sound, hard to be described, but when 
once heard by a mother, never to be forgotten ; cough, difficult 
respiration, and fever. The phlegm or mucus often lilling or verj'- 
much obstructing the throat, and finally forming a false membrane 
which cuts off all possibility of breathing. 

The first thing to be done is to get hot water ready as soon as 
possible, having always on hand a bottle of emetic tincture, composed 
of equal parts of the tinctures of lobelia and blood-root. Dose. — 
According to the age of the cliild : if 2 yeais old, about 1 tea-spoon 
every 10 to 15 minutes until free vomiting takes place ; if 5 years old, 
2 tea-spoons, and increasing in proportion to age to 1 table-spoon for 
a child of ten years — decieasing for very young children, say of 4 to 
8 months, only 8 to 12 drops. Place the feet as soon as possible into 
hot water, and keep them there until vomiting takes place, laying 
cloths wrung out of hot water upon the breast and throat, changing 
sufliciently often to keep them hot. The next morning give sufficient: 
of the "Vegetable Physic" to move the bowels rather freely. The 
emetic tincture should be given in some warm tea. 

Repeat the emetic as often as the returning symptoms demand 
it, which usually occurs the following night, repeating the cathartic 
every second or third day, and I will guarantee success if commenced 
in any kind of reasonable time ; but usually no repetition will be 
needed if parents keep the preparation in the house so as to begin 
with the beginning of the disease. 

2, Dutch Remedy, — Goose oil, and urine, equal quantities. 
Dose. — From a table-spoon of the mixture, according to the age of 
the child. Repeat the dose every 15 minutes, if the first does not 
vomit in that time. 

This remedy will be found valuable in mild cases, and where the 
first is not at hand; and I know it to have saved a child when one of 
their best doctors said it must die; but bear in mind he had not used our 
first prescription; yet an old Dutch woman came in Vit thQ eleventh 
hour, from the next-door neighbor's wash-tub, and raised the child 
with what she called "p — s and goose grease.-' I have used it with 
success, 

3. Croup Ointment. — Take mutton suet and nice lard, of each 
}4 lb.; spermaceti tallow, 1^ oz. ; melt them together and add 1^ pt. of 
the best vinegar, and simmer until the vinegar is nearly evaporated, 
skimming well, and constantly stirring, until it begins to granulate ; 



132 Dr. Chasers Recipes. 

then add oils of amber and spruce, and pulverized sugar of lead, of 
each, 3^ oz. ; now remove from the fire, and stir until cool. Dose. — 
For a cliild of 2 j^ears old give from 3^ to 1 tea-spoon every half-hour 
until relief is obtained, or vomiting takes place ; at the same time 
nibbing upon the chest, and over the throat and lungs, freely. 

Dr. , of Finley, O., says, from his experience, he knows it 

will cure as often as quinine will break up the ague. 

HYDROPHOBIA AND SNAKE BITES.— To Prevent and Cnre.— 

A. Hubbard, of Boone county, 111., in a letter to the St. Louis Repub- 
lican^ says : " Eighteen years ago my brother and myself were bitten 
by a mad dog. A sheep was also bitten at the same time. Among 
the many cures offered for the little boys (we were then ten or twelve 
yeaFS old), a friend suggested the following, which he said would cure 
the bite of a rattlesnake : 

" Take the root of common upland ash, commonly called black 
ash, peel off the bark, boil it to a strong decoction, and of this drink 
freely. Whilst my father was preparing the above, the sheep spoken 
of began to be afflicted with hydrophobia. When it had become so 
fatigued from its disti'acted siate as to be no longer able to stand, my 
father drenclied it with a pint of the ash-root ooze, hoping to ascertain 
whether he could depend upon it as a cure for his sons. Four hours 
after the drench had been given, to the astonishment of all, the 
animal got up and went quietly with the flock to graze. My brother 
and myself continued to take the medicine for 8 or 10 days, 1 gill 3 
times daily. No effects of the dread poison were ever discovered on 
either of us. It has been used very successfully in snake bites, to 
my knowledge. 

There is no doubt in the author's mind but what this gentleman 
has made a mistake in the kind of ash meant, as the upland ash is a 
white ash, from which flooring is made, having a thick, rough outside 
bark, whilst the black has a smooth bark, and grows in low, wet 
land, and is the same from which the flour-barrel hoop is extensively 
manufactured. It is the upland white ash that is to be used. It is 
known, as he says, to cure rattlesnake bites, and a gentleman of this 
place has tried it with success in rheumatism, boiled very strong and 
taken in half-gill doses. May vomit and purge if taken too freely. 
Yet a moderate action, either up or down, will not be amiss. I have 
cured a case of rheumatism, in a boy twelve or fourteen years of age, 
with the above, since it came to my knowledge. 

2. Saxon Remedy, — Gastell, a Saxon forester, now of the ven- 
erable age of eighty-two, unwilling to take to the grave with him a 
secret of so much importance, has made public in the Leipsic Journal 
the means which he has used fifty years, and wherewith he affirms he 
has rescued many human beings and cattle from the fearful death of 
hydrophobia. 

Take immediately after the bite, wnrm vinegar or tepid water, 
wash the wound clean therewith, and dry it ; then pour upon the 
wound a few drops of hydrochloric acid, because mineral acids destroy 
the poison of the saliva. 



Medical Department. 133 

3. Grecian History. — Eat the green shoots of asparagus, raw ; 
sleep and perspiration will be induced, and the disease can be thus 
cured in any stage of canine madness. 

A writer in the Providence Journal says a man in Athens, Greece, 
was cured of hydrophobia by this remedy, even after the paroxysms 
had commenced. 

4. Quaker Remedy.— Fifty Years Successful.— Jacob Ely, a 
good old honest Quaker merchant, of Lloydsville, O., gave me the 
following plan which his father had used since 1806 with success, to 
his knowledge, both on persons and domestic animals; and the New 
York Tribune has recently published something of the same character. 

The dried root of elecampene, pulverize it and measure out 9 
heaping table-spoons, and mix it with 2 or 3 tea-spoons of pulverized 
gum arable; then divide into 9 equal portions. When a person is 
bitten by a rabid animal, take one of these i)ortions and steep it in 1 
pt. of new milk, until nenrly half the quantity of milk is evaporated; 
then strain, and drink it in the morning, fasting for 4 or 5 hours aftc!-. 
The same dose is to be repeated 3 mornings in succession, then skip 
3, and so on until the 9 doses are taken. 

The patient must avoid getting wet, or the heat of the sun, and 
abstain from high seasoned diet, or hard exercise, and, if costive, take 
a dose of salts. The above quantity is for an adult— children will 
take less, according to age. The Tribune\'i publication is as follows: 

5. Tribune's Cure for Hydrophobia. — The following was sent 
to the N, Y. Tribune, by J. W. Woolston, of Philadelphia: 

" Recipe. — First dose, 1 oz. of elecampane root, boiled in 1 pt. of 
milk until reduced to 3^ pt. Second dose, (to be taken two days after 
the lirst,) 13^ ozs. of elecampane root boiled in 1 pt. of milk, same as 
the first. Third dose, same as the second, (to be taken two days after,) 
— in all, three doses. 

If there is any virtue in the elecampane at all, the preference, of 
course, is to be given to the Quaker's plan, which gives nine instead 
of three doses. But it substantiates Mr. Ely's plan, as it comes from 
the place of his father's former residence. Consequently it would 
seem to strengthen confidence in the first. 

6. Snake Bites. — In case of being bitten by any of the poisonous 
snakes, the best plan is to wash off the place immediately, then if the 
position of the wound is such that you can get the mouth to the spot, 
suck out all the poison in that way, or if any other pei-son is i)resent 
whose mouth is not sore, no danger need be apprehendetl. 

For all the poison may be upon the outside, and washed off, yet 

most likely penetrates more or less into the wound, if a snake bite, as 

the arrangement of their teeth is such that the poison comes out near 

the point and when in the wound; thus you see the propriety of 

sucking it out. Or : 

7. Spirits of ammonia, a small vial of it, can be carried in the 
pocket, and if bitten, sharpen a little piece of wood to a i>oint, dipping 
this stick into the ammonia, and then penetrating the wouncl with it. 
A piece of lunar caustic can be carried in the pocket, and sharpened, 
if needed, and used the same as the stick and ammonia— and one of 



134 Dr, Chase's Recipes. 

the celebrated English farriers has reported that this caustic, used 
freely on the bite of the ma<Z ^o^f, destroys the poison, but to insure 
even a reasonable hope of success, it must be used immediately. This 
holds good in any of the sucking or caustic applications. 

All persons working on or near marshes, or wherever the massa- 
sauger is known to inhabit, should always have one of these caustics 
with them. 

8. But when a person is bitten in the absence of all these caus- 
tics, and not being able to reach the spot to suck out the poison, he 
must drink whisky enough to get as drunk as a fool, or his whole 
dependence must be upon the ash, asparagus, or elecampane. 

The National Intelligencer, a year or two since, published a recipe 
for the cure of the rattlesnake bite, which it claimed was hifallible, it 
having been tried in a number of cases, and always with success. It 
was nothing more nor less than the use of whisky as above recom- 
mended, and it is but justice to say that a daughter of "VVm. Reed, of 
the town of Pittsfield, in this county, who was bitten on the arm some 
three j'ears ago, was cured by drinking whisky until drunkenness and 
stupor were produced, and she has never felt any Inconvenience from 
the bite since, which goes to show that the bite of the DeviPs tea is 
worse than the bite of a rattlesnake. 

9. I know an old pliysician who was called to a boy bitten by a 
rattlesnake, and in the absence of all other ]-emedies, he cured him 
upon the principle that " The hair of the dog will cure his bite," taking 
a piece of the snake about two inches long, splitting it on the back, 
and binding it upon the bite. It cleansed the wourd very white, and 
no bad effects were seen from it. 

10. Saleratus, moistened and bound upon the bite; then dissolve 
more, and keep the parts w«*t with it for a few hours, cured many 
massasauger bites, as also bee-stings. 

1 1. Snake-Bitten Cattle. — Remedy. — Cattle or horses are usually 
bitten in the feet. When this is the case, all tliat is necessary to do is 
to drive them into a mud-hole and to keep them there for a few hours. 
If upon the nose, bind the mud upon ihe place in such a manner as 
not to interfere with their breathing. And I am perfectly satisfied 
that soft clay mud would be an excellent application to snake bites on 
persons, for I know it to draw out the poisoning from ivy, and have 
been assured that it has done the same for snake bites, of persons as 
well as cattle. 

EYE PREPARATIONS.— Eye Water.— Table salt and whit^ vit- 
riol, of each, 1 table-spoon; heat them upon copper or earthen until 
dry; the lieatlng drives off tlie acrid or biting watei', called the water 
of crystallization, making them much milder in their action ; now add 
them to soft water, i^ ])t. ; putting in white sugar, 1 table-spoon ; blue 
vitriol, a piece the size of a common pea. If it should prove too 
strong in any case, add a little more soft water to a vial of it. Apply 
it to the eyes 3 or 4 times daily. 



Medical Deparfjiient. 135 

If the eyes are very sore, or if the soreness has been of long 
standino^, take the "Alterative Syrup,*' or tlie "Cathartic Alterative," 
continuing them for several weeks, according to the necessities of the 
case. I find it an excellent plan, in using any preparation for sore or 
weak eyes, to apply it again about twenty minutes from the first 
application. More than double speed is made by this repetition. For 
inflammation of any part of the body, apply this by wetting cloths. 
Even for sores about the ears and groins of babes, reduce it, and three 
or four applications will cure them. I have also found it valuable for 
horses, as a wash; when they get the eye injured by straws, or other- 
wise, which causes the eye to water, or matte rate, using it freely. 

The use of this eye water enabled me to lay by the spectacles after 
four years' wearing, and I have since studied medicine and graduated 
as a physician, without resorting again to their use, by the occasional 
application of the eye wa?er. But I need not have resorted to the use 
of the eye water again, had I not done in study, as I do in all things 
else, that is, when I have anything to do, I do it with all my might. 
I read steadily, day by day, sixteen hours — more than five other 
students read altogether, who roomed at the same house. Yet this 
counted in the end; for when the class began to inquh-e and look 
around, near the end of the term, for one to deliver the Valedictory^ 
on their behalf, which is the custom in the Eclectic Meciical Institute, 
I received that, the first honor of the class. I do not mention this to 
boast, by no means, but to show the necessity, as well as the advan- 
tages, of hard study, especially to those who begin their studies late 
in life, and are obliged to pay their way with their own hands, and 
support a family also. This was my case exactly. In the commence- 
ment of my medical studies, I worked all day, reading half of the 
night, copying off the Latin tei-ms, with their significations, on a slip 
of paper, which I carried in my pocket during the next day, looking 
at two or three of the terms at a time, through the day, until all were 
committed. And thus I accomplished no more than what any other 
man may do, if he goes at it with a will, and does as I did; and that 
some one may be stimulated to this course is the only object of the 
recital. See "Advice to Young Men." 

2. Dr. Raymond, of Grass Lake, Mich., who obtained the above 
prescription of me, adds to each ounce of water used, one grain of 
morphine, and he tells me he has great success with it ; the addition 
of the morphine making it nearly resemble the celebrated prescription 
used by the English surgeons in India, which is as follows: 

3. Indian Prescription for Sore Eyes. — Sulphate of zinc, 2 
grs.; tincture of opium (laudanum), 1 dr.; rose water, 2 ozs. ; mix. 
Put a drop or two in the eye 2 or 3 times daily. 

4. An eye doctor, of Xenia, O., makes a great use of the fol- 
lowing: 



136 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

Sulphate of zinc, acetate of lead, and rock salt, of each, 3^ oz.; 
loaf sugar, 1 oz. ; soft water, 13 ozs. ; mix without heat, and use as 
other eye waters. 

6, Dr. Cook, of Ashtabula, Ohio, makes and sells large quanti- 
ties under the head of " Cook's Eye Water." It is as follows: 

Sulphate of zinc, 1 oz.; suo-ar of lead, J^ oz.; precipitated car- 
bonate of iron, }/^ oz.; salt, and sugar, of each, 1 table-spoon; the 
whites of two eggs; soft water, 32 ozs.; mix the whites of the eggs. 
zinc, salt, lead, sugar and iron well together, then add the water. 

6. For Excessiye Inflainmatiou of tlie Eyes. — Poultice b}^ boil- 
ing a handful of hops in water, putting in from 3^ to 1 dr. of opium 
while boiling; when still warm, lay the hops over the eyes and keep 
them wet with the water in which tliey were boiled. 

A lady who had been blistered and starved, according to the old 

plan in this disease, was soon cured by this poulticing and washing 

the eyes often with the hop water containing the opium, with generous 

diet, etc., contrary to the expectation of friends, and the prediction of 

enemies, to the plan. 

7. If sore eyes shed much water, put a little of the oxide of zinc 
into a vial of water, and use it rather freely — it will soon cure that 
difficulty. 

§, Copperas and water has cured sore eyes of long standing, and 
used quite strong, it makes an excellent application in erysipelas. 

9. Garden Rhubarb. — The juice of the root applied to the eye 
has cui-ed bad cases. 

10. Boil an ^^^^ remove the j^olk, and have ready equal parts 
of sulphate of zinc and loaf sugar, pulverized; fill tlie place occupied 
by the yolk, and squeeze out the oil through a linen cloth, while hot, 
and applj^ as needed. If too strong, add a little rain water. 

I sold a book to a Mrs. Johnson, in Wayne county, Mich., who 
had used this preparation very successfully for several years, and had 
I not have already had it in my book, I could not have purchased it of 
her for less than five dollars, and she regretted very much that I was 
taking from her a source of profit by selling the books in her neigh- 
borhood containing the recipe. 

11. Sailor's Eye Preparation.— Burn alum, and mix it with the 
white of eggs, and put between two cloths, and lay it upon the eyes; 
taking salts and cream-of-tartar, equal parts, to cleanse the blood. 

This was given to me, and very highl.y recommended, by an old 

Scotch sailor, with whom I have had much enjoyment, talking over 

the suflerings of the sea, he having used it many times in places where 

nothing else could be obtained. 

12. Father Pinkney's Preparation for Yery Bad Sore Eyes.— 

Castile soap, scraped fine, and half the quantity of very finely pulver- 
ized chalk ; wet them up to a paste with strong juice of tobacco; when 
desired to apply to the eye, drop two or three drops of brandy into 
the box of paste; then take out a bit of it where the brandy was 
dropped, equal in size to the fourth of a grain of wheat, to the diseased 
eye ; wet it on a bit of glass, and put it into the eye with a camel's 
hair pencil. 



Medical Department. 137 

Apply it twice daily at first, and from that to only once in two 
days, for from one to two weeks, will, and has cured wretchedly bad 
cases; so says old Father Finkney, of Wayne county, Michigan, who 
has used it over fifty years, he being over ninety years of age. His 
only object in giving it an insertion here is to do good to his fellow 
creatures ; and also for animals, it being equally applicable to horses 
or cattle. 

13. Indian Eye Water.— Soft water, 1 pt. ; gum arable, 1 oz. ; 
Avhite vitriol, 1 oz. ; fine salt, }4. tea-spoon ; put all into a bottle and 
shake until dissolved. Put into the eye just as you retire to bed. 

I paid Mrs. Pinny, south of Ypsilanti, Mich., fifty cents for this 
prescription. She would not, however, let her own family know its 
composition. Her husband had removed films from horses' eyes with 
it, and cured Mr. Chidister, a merchant of Ypsilanti, by only two 
applications, as the saying is, after he had " tried everything else." It 
came from an old Indian, but my knowledge of the articles would 
lead me to say for common, at least, it would require to be reduced 
one-half. 

14. Tobacco Eye Water.— Fine cut tobacco the size of a common 
hickoiynut; sugar of lead equal in bulk; rain water, 2 ozs. ; opium 
the size of a pea. Reduce it with more water if necessary. 

15. Yertligris and Honey, have cured inflamed eyes, by using 
just sufficient verdigris to color the water a grass color, then making 
it one-thi]-d honey. It is also said to prevent scars by using upon 
burus. 

16. Raw Potato Poultice, for inflamed eyes, is one of the very 
best applications in recent cases, scraping fine and applying fre- 
quently. 

if. Slippery-Elm Poultices, are also an excellent application, 
used :!S al)ove. 

18. Films— To Remove from the Eye. — Wintergreen leaf, 
bruised, and stewed in a suitable quantity of hens' oil to make the oil 
strong of the wintergreen — strain and apply twice daily. 

The above cured a boy of this city, and I am satisfied that the 
hens' oil has cured recent cases, without the wintergreen; but with it, 
it has cured beasts also. For cases of a year or two's standing, how- 
ever, it is best to use the following: 

19. Lime water, 1 pt.; finely pulverized verdigris, % oz. ; set on 
embers for 1 hour; then strain and bottle tight. Touch the film over 
the pupil, or on the speck, 2 or 3 times daily, by putting the point of 
a camel's hair pencil into the preparation, then to the eye, holding 
away the lids for a short time by placing the thumb and finger upoii 
them for that purpose. 

It will be found necessarj'' to persevere for two or three months 
with this application, and also to use one of the "Alteratives," to 
cleanse the blood. This course, pursued for three months, gave sight 
to a young lady who had not seen light for two j^ears, which doctors 
could not do, nor were willing for others to do. 

20. Eye Salve. — Take white precipitate, 1 tea-spoon, and rub it 



138 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

into a salve Mitli 3 tea-spoons of fresh lard, and applied upon the 
outside of the lid of the worst chronic (long continued) sore eyes, has 
cured them wiien they were so bad that even the eyelashes (cilia) had 
fallen out, from the disease. 

A physician was cured with this eye salve when he could not cure 
himself. If red precipitate will cure the itch, why should not the 
white cure disease of the eye ? 

21. Sore Eyes — To Remove the Granulations.— Crystalized 

nitrate of silver, 2 grs.; morphia, 1 gr.; blue vitriol, 1 gr. ; salammo- 
niac, 1 gT. ; pulverize each one separately, and mix. Apply once 
daily, by putting a small bit of the mixture upon a piece of glass, 
moistening it with a little water, and putting into the eye by means of 
a small camel's hair pencil. 

22. Another Methofl. — Is to take a stick of tag-alder about 2 
feet long, boring a hole nearly through the middle of the stick, cross- 
wise, liiluig it with salt, and plugging it up; then put one end into the 
fire and char it nearly to the salt, then the other end the same way; 
and finally pulverizing and applying the salt, the same as the above, 
once daily only. 

In either case, after the granulations (little lumps) are removed 
from the eye, or eyes, finish the cure by using any of the foregoing 
eye waters which you may choose; all the time using some of the 
alteratives for cleansing the blood. 

FEYER SORES.— PLASTER, SALTES, Etc.— Black Salve.— 

Sweet oil, linseed oil, and red lead pulverized, of each 1 oz., (or in 
these proportions). Put all into an iron dish over a moderate fire, 
stirring constantly, until you can draw your finger over a drop of it 
on n board when a little cool, without sticking. Spread on cloth, and 
apply as other salves. 

My brother, J. M. Chase, of Caneadea, N. Y., says he has used 
this salve about fifteen years, and knows it to be one of the best in the 
world for all kinds of old sores, as ulcers, fever sores, and all inflamed 
parts, cleaning and taking out redness or inflammation, causing a 
white, healthy appearance in a short time, and a certain preventive of 
mortification, etc., etc., as well as to prevent soreness in more recent 
cuts and bruises, also; and from my own knowledge of a salve which 
is very similar, I have introduced it into this work, feeling assured that 
whoever may have occasion to try it, will not regret the space it 
occupies, especially after reading the following : A gentleman said to 
me during the past summer, " 1 will give you one of the most valuable 
salves in the world, for I cured a man's hand with it, which was so 
swollen that it looked more like a ham than a hand ; and two doctors 
said it must be cut off; also ulcerated." When he told me how it was 
made, I opened my book to the above salve, which was precisely the 
same as the one he used. 

2. Red Salve. — Some prefer to prepare the salve as follows: 

Red lead, 1 lb.; bees-wax and resin, of each, 2 ozs. ; linseed and 
sweet oils, of each, 3 table-spoons; spirits of turpentine, 1 tea-spoon; 



Medical Department, 139 

melt all, except the first and last, together, then stir in the lead and stir 
until cool, adding the turpentine. 

Used upon fever, and all other sores of an inflammatory character ; 
at the same time taking the following pill to purify the blood: 

3. Mandrake root, dried and pulverized, 3^ oz. ; blood-root, in the 
same way, 3^ oz.; form into pills with extract of dandelion. Dose. — 
Three pills may be taken at bed time, for 2 or 8 days, then add another 
pill, and at the end of a week take any cathartic you choose ; then take 
iodide of potash, 10 grs., and put it into a vial with 1 oz. of water, and 
take 20 to 30 drops of it in a little more water, instead of the mandrake 
pill, for 3 or 4 days, then that pill again, as at first. 

By the time you have gone around three or four times, the blood 
will be pretty thoroughly cleansed — do not be afraid of the mandrake 
pill, as it will not act as a cathartic, but simply work upon the blood — 
if it does, reduce the number. You will be pleased with this method 
of purification. 

4. [ndiaii Cure.— Gr. A. Patterson, of Ashtabula, Ohio, was cured 
by an Indian physician, in Cleveland, of one of the worst fever sores 
almost ever known. The muscles of his leg were so contracted that no 
use could be made of his leg in getting about. Four months, and the 
following treatment, did the work: 

A syrup of Wahoo (Euonymus Atropurpureus) — and here let me 
say that the Wahoo is the great Indian remedy for purifying the blood 
— was made by boiling very strong, then molasses and rum added to 
make it palatable and keep it fro: a souring; this was used suflicient to 
keep the bowels solvent, sometimes chewing the l)ark of the root from 
which the syrup is made, preferi-ing it a part of the time to the syrup. 
The sore was dressed with the following salve: Resin, 1 lb.; mutton 
tallow, lib.; bees-wax, 1 lb.; linseed oil, 1 pt. ; ambrosial (highly fla- 
vored) soap, Vy^ ozs. ; to make it, mix in an iron kettle and simmer 2 
hours, stirring all the time. Spread on cloth, and npply as needed. 
The contracted muscles were anointed with skunk's oil only. 

Mr. Patterson also extols it very highly for all common purposes. 
And as I have a few other recipes for fever sores which have been so 
highly recommended by those who have used them, I cannot omit their 
insertion, and I would especially recommend the next one following, 
called : 

5. Kitridge's Salve.— Bitter-sweet and sweet elder roots, of each 
\yz lbs. ; hop vines and leaves, and garden plantain, top and root, of 
each, yC, lb.; tobacco, 1 three cent plug. Boil all in rain water to get 
out the strength; then put the herbs in a thick cloth and press out the 
juice, and boil down carefully to 3^ pt. ; then add unsalted butter, 1 
lb. ; bees-wax and resin, of each, 1 oz., and simmer over a slow fire 
until the water is all out. 

I obtained the above from S. B. Newton, a farmer doctor near 
Mooreville, Michigan, who had cured fever sores, with it, of thirty-five 
years' standing; used it also on swellings in every case, once upon a 
boy who had an eye kicked out and swelled very bad ; he keeps it in 



I40 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

his stable all the time for wounds of horses and cattle, in castration, 

etc., etc. I know it must be a very valuable salve, 

6. Fever Sf)re Poultice. — Sassafras, bark of the root, dried and 
pulverized very fine; make a bread and milk poultice quite thin, and 
stir in of the above powder to make it of proper consistence, applying 
8 times in the 24 hours for 3 weeks ; then heal with a salve made by 
thickening honey to a salve with wheat flour. 

If there are loose bones, it will be quite sore while they are work- 
ing out, but persevere. A case was cured by it of twelve years' stand- 
ing ; the same man cured eight other cases, never having a failure, and 
it has proved successful on an abscess of the loins also. 

T. Yeast Poultice. — Fresh yeast, the thick part, thickened with 
flour and applied to fever sores, has proved very valuable, continuing 
it for several weeks, touching any point, which does not heal readily, 
with finely pulverized verdigris rubbed up with a little lard ; then 
putting the poultice directly over the whole again. 

This heals, leaving the parts white and natural, instead of dark, as 

I have seen many cases which had been cured. 

§. Salve for Fever Sores, Abscesses, Broken Breasts, Etc. — 

Thoroughly steep tobacco, % <^z.> in soft water, 1 pt., straining out from 
the tobacco and boiling down to 1 gill; then have melted lard, resin, 
and bees- wax, of each, 3^ oz., simmering to a thick salve, then stirring 
in 1 gill of old rum, and if necessary, continuing the simmering a little 
longer. To be used as other salves. 

9. Oiutnient. — Sweet clover (grown in gardens), stewed in lard; 
then add bees wax and white pine turpentine, equal parts, to form an 
ointment, is highly recommended. 

10. Salve for Fever hiores. Cuts, Etc. — Spirits of turpentine and 
honey, of each, Vo pt., simmered over a slow fire until they unite by 
stirring; then set~aside to cool until you can put in the yolk of an egg 
without its being cooked by the heat; stir it in and return it to the 
fire, adding camphor gum,'^ oz., simmer and stir until well mixed. 

By putting in the a^g when cool, it combines with the other, but if 

put in while the salve is hot, it cooks, but does not combine. This is 

very highly recommended, as above indicated. 

11. William Howell, a farmer living about six miles from Jack- 
son, Michigan, says he had a fever sore on his shin for twenty years, 
sometimes la3'ing him up for months, and at one time preparations were 
made to cut off the limb, but an old man, in New Jersey, told him to: 

Scrape a fresh turnip and apply it every 4 hours, night and day, 
until healed, which cured him. 

And he feels assured, from using it in other cases, that all will be 

pleased with it who have any occasion for its use. Applj^ it oftener if 

it becomes too offciusive. 

SALVES. — (jJrcen Mountain Salve. — Resin, 5 lbs. ; Burgundy 
pitch, bees-wax, and mutton tallow, of each, ],^ lb.; oil of hemlock, 
balsam of fir, oil of origanum, oil of red cedar, and Venice turpentine, 
of each, 1 oz. ; oil of wormwood, ^ oz. ; verdigris, very finely pulver- 
ized, 1 oz. ; melt the first articles together and add the oils, having 
rubbed the verdigris up with a little of the oils, and put it in with the 



Medical Department. 141 

other articles, stirring well ; then pour into cold water and work as 
wax until cool enough to roll. 

This salve has no equal for rheumatic pains, or weakness in the 
side, back, shoulders, or any place where pain may locate itself. Where 
the skin is broken, as in ulcers, and bruises, I use it without the verdi- 
gris, making a white salve, even superior to "Peleg White's Old Salve." 
It is valuable in Dyspepsia, to put a plaster of the green salve over the 
stomach, and wear it as long as it will stay on, upon the back also, or 
any place where pain or weakness may locate. In cuts, bruises, abra- 
sions, etc , spread the white salve upon cloth and apply it as a sticking 
plaster until well ; for rheumatism or weakness, spread the green salve 
upon soft leather and apply, letting it remain on as long as it will stay. 
For corns, spread the green salve upon cloth and put upon the corn, 
letting it remain until cured. It has cured them. 

A gentleman near Lancaster, Ohio, obtained one of my books 
having this recipe in it, and one year afterwards he told me he had sold 
over four thousand rolls of the salve, curing an old lady of rheumatism 
in six weeks, who had been confined to her bed for seven weeks, cover- 
ing all the large joints with the salve, without other treatment. For 
rolling out salves, see the cut on page 142. 

2. Conklin's Celebrated Salve.— Resin, 4 lbs.; bees-wax, Bur- 
gundy pitch, white pine turpentine, and mutton tallow, each, ^ lb. ; 
camphor gum and balsam of fir, of each, ^ oz.; sweet oil, 3^ oz.; and 
alcohol, % pt. Melt, mix, roll out, and use as other salves. Wonders 
have been done with it. 

3. Balm of Gilead Salve.— Mutton tallo .v, 3^ lb. ; balm of gilead 
buds, 3 ozs. ; white pine gum, 1 oz.; red precipitate, % oz.; hard soap, 
^^ oz. ; white sugar, 1 table-spoon. Stew the buds in the tallow until 
the strength is obtained, and press out or strain, scrape the soap and 
add it with the other articles to the tallow, using sutficient unsalted 
butter or sweet oil to bring it to a proper consistence to spread easily 
upon cloth. When nearly cool, stir in the red precipitate, mixing 
thoroughly. 

This may be more appropriately called an ointment. It is used for 
cuts, scalds, bruises, etc., and for burns, by spreading very thin — if 
sores get proud flesh in them, sprinkle a little burned alum on the salve 
before applying it. It has been in use in this country about forty 
years, with the greatest success. 

4. Adhesive Plaster, or Salve, for Deep Wounds, Cuts, etc., in 
Place of Stitches. — White resin, 7 ozs. ; bees-wax and mutton tallow, 
of each, % oz. ; melt all too^ether, then pour into cold water and work 
as wax until thoroughly mixed, then roll out into suitable sticks for 
use. 

It may be spread upon firm cloth and cut into narrow strips. In 
case of deep wounds, or cuts, it will be found to firmly hold them 
together, by first pressing one end of a strip upon one side of the 
wound until it adheres, then draw the edges of the wound closely 
together, and press down the other end of the strip until it adheres 



142 



Dr. Chasers Recipes, 



also. The strips should reach three or four inclies upon each side of 
the cut, and run in different directions across each other, to draw every 
part of the wound firmly in contact. It will crack easily after being 
spread until applied to the warm flesh, yet if made any softer it can 
not be depended upon for any length of time, but as it is, it has been, 
worn as a strenf^thenin^ plaster, and remained on over a year. 

5. Pele^ White's Old Salve. — This formerly celebrated salve 
was composed of only three very simple articles. Our "Green Moun- 
tain Salve" is far ahead of it, yet for the satisfaction of its old friends 
I give you its composition: 

Resin, 3 lbs.; mutton tallow and bees-wax, of each, i^ lb. ; melted 
together and poured into cold water, then pulled, and worked as 
shoemakers' wax. 

It was recommended for old sores, cuts, rheumatic plasters, etc., 

etc. 




Apparatus for Making Salves autl Lozenges. 

The above cut represents a board prepared with strips upon it ot 
the desired thickness for the diameter of the rolls of salve, tilso apiece 
of board with a handle, with which to roll the salve when properly 
cooled for that purpose. The salve is laid between the strips, which 
are generally one inch thick, then, with the handle piece, roll it until 
that board comes down upon the strips, which makes the rolls all of 
one size; use a little tallow to prevent sticking to the boards or hands; 
then cut off the desired length, and put a label upon them, to prevent 
them sticking to each other. 

A roller and tin cutter are also represented in the same cut, with 
which, and another board, having thin strips upon it to correspond 
with thickness of lozenges required, you can roll the mass down until 
the roller touches the strips; and thus you can get them, as well as the 
salve, of uniform thickness; then cut out with the cutter, laying them 
upon paper until (\Yy. 

VERMIFUGES.— Santonin Lozenges.— Santonin, 60 grs. ; pulver- 
ized sugar, 5 ozs. ; mucilage of gum tragacanth sufficient to make into 
a thick paste, worked carefully together, that the santonin shall be 
evenly mixed throughout the whole mass, then if not in too great a 



Medical Department, 143 

hurry, cover up the mortar in which you have rubbed them, and let 
stand from 12 to 24 hours to temper; at which time they will roll out 
better than if done immediately; divide into 120 lozenges. See appar- 
atus, on preceding page, for rolling and cutting out. Dose. — For a 
child 1 year old, 1 lozenge, night and morning; of 3 years, 2 lozenges; 
of 4 years, 3; of 8 years, 4; of 10 years or more, 5 to 7 lozenges; in all 
cases to be taken twice daily, and continuing until the worms start on 
a voyage of discovery. 

A gentleman came into the drug store one morning, with the 
remark, "Do you know what your lozenges have been doing ? " As 
though they had killed some one, the answer was, no, is there any- 
thing wrong; he held up both hands together, scoop shovel style, say- 
ing, " They fetched away the worms by the double handful.'' It is 
needless to attempt to give the symptoms by which the presence of 
worms might be distinguished; for the symptoms of nearly every 
other disease is, sometimes, manifested by their presence. But if the 
belly be quite hard and unusually large, with a peculiar and disagree- 
able breath in the morning, foul or furred tongue, upper lip swollen, 
itching of the nose and anus, milky white urine, bowels sometimes 
obstinately costive, then as obstinately loose, with a craving appetite, 
then loathing food at times; rest assured that worm medicine will not 
be amiss, whether the person be child or adult. It would be well to 
take a mild cathartic after four to six days use of the lozenges, unless 
the worms have passed off sufficiently free before that time, to show 
their general destruction. Very high praise has also been given to the 
following: 

2. Vermifuge Oil— Prof. Freeman's.— In the May number of 
the Eclectic Medical Journal of. Cincinnati, Ohio, I tind so valuable a 
vermifuge from Prof. Z. Freeman, that I must be excused for its 
Insertion, as the articles can always be obtained, whilst in some places 
you might not be able to get the santonin called for in the lozenges. 
His remarks following the recipe will make all needed explanations, 
and give confidence in the treatment. 

The explanations in brackets are my own, according to the custom 
through the whole work. 

"Take oil of chenopodii, % ^z. (oil of w^orm-seed,) ; oil of tere- 
binth, 2 drs. (oil of turpentine,); oil of ricini, 13^ ozs. (castor oil,); 
fluid extract of spigelia, 3^ oz. (pink,); hydrastin, 10 grs.; syrup of 
menth. pip., 3^ oz. (syrup of peppermint.) Dose. — To a child of 10 
years of age, a tea-spoon 3 times a day, 1 hour before each meal ; if it 
purges too freely, give it less often. 

*' This is an excellent vermifuge, tonic, and cathartic, and has 
never failed (as well as I can judge,) to eradicate worms, if any were 
present, when administered for that purpose. I have given no other 
vermifuge for the last five years, and often one tea-spoon has brought 
away from three to twenty of the lumbrica. Only a few days ago I 
prescribed one fluid drachm of it, (about one tea-spoon,) and caused 



144 ^^' Chase's Recipes. 

the expulsion of sixty lumbricoids, and one fluid drachm, taking a few 
days afterwards, by the same child, brought away forty more, some of 
them six inches in length. Where no worms are present, it answers 
the purpose of a tonic, correcting the condition of the mucus mem- 
brane of the stomach and bowels, improving the appetite and diges- 
tion, and operating as a mild cathartic." 

3. Worm Tea. — Carolina pinli-root, senna leaf, manna, and 
American worm-seed, of each, % oz.; bruise and pour on boiling 
water, 1 pt., and steep without boiling. 8weeten well, add lialf as 
much milk. Dose. — A child of five years, may take 1 gill 3 times 
daily, before meals, or sufficient to move the bowels rather freely. 

If this does not carry off any worms, wait one day and repeat the 
operation ; but if the bowels do not move by the first day's work, in- 
crease the dose and continue to give it until that end is attained before 
stopping the medicine. This plan will be found an improvement upon 
the old where the lozenges or oil cannot be obtained, as above. 

4. Worm Cake. — English Remedy, — Wlieat flour and jalap, of 
each, 3^ lb.; calomel, grain-tin, and ginger, of each, 1 oz. Mix 
thoroughly and wet up as dough, to a proper consistence to roll out; 
then roll out as lozenge cakes, to three-sixteenths of an inch in thick- 
ness; then cut out y^ inch square and dry them. Dose. — For a child 
from 1 to 2 years, % of a cake; 4 to 5 years, 1 cake; from 5 to 7 years, 
\}i cakes; from 7 to 10, li<; from 10 to 12, \%\ from 12 to'l4, 2; 
from 14 to 17, 2)4; ; from 17 to 20 years, and all above that age, Vy^ 
cakes, but all men above that age, 3 cakes. 

•' Children may cat them, or they can be shaved off very flne and 
mixed in a little treacle, honey or preserves. If after taking the first 
dose they do not work as you desire, increase the dose a little. The 
patient to take tlie medicine twice a week — Sundays and Wednesdays. 
To be taken in the morning, fasting, and to be worked off with a little 
warm tea, water gruel, or warm broth. K. B. — Milk must not be 
used in working them off, and be careful of catching cold, — Snodin^ 
Printer^ Oakha7n^ Engy 

I obtained the above of an English family who prized it very 
highly as a cathartic for common purposes, as well as for worms. And 
all who are willing to take calomel., I have no doubt will be pleased 
M'ith its operations. 

TAPE WORM.— Simple, but Effectual Remedy.— This, very an- 
nojing and distressing, worm has been removed by taking two ounce 
doses of common pumpkin-seeds, pulverized, and repeated every four 
or five hours, for four or live days, spiiits of turpentine, also in doses 
of one-lialf to two ounces, with castor oil, have proved very effectual, 
the root of the male fern, valerian, bark of the pomegranate root, etc., 
have been used with success. But my chief object in speaking upon 
this subject, is to give the successes of Drs. Beach, of New York, and 
Dowler, of Beardstown, 111., from their singularity and perfect eradi- 
cation of the worm, in both cases : The first is from "Beach's Ameri- 



Medical Department. 14^ 

can Practice, and Family Physician," a large work, of three volumes, 
costhig Twenty Dollars, consequently not generally circulated ; whilst 
the latter is taken from tlie " Eclectic Medical and College Journal," 
of Cincinnati, and therefore only taken by physicians of that school. 
The last was first published by the "New Orleans Medical and Sur- 
gical Journal." First then, Dr. Beach says: 

*'The symptoms of a tape- worm, as related to me by Miss Dumou- 
line, who had suffered with it for twenty-five years, are in substance 
as follows: It commenced at the age often, and afflicted her to the age 
of thirty-five. The worm often made her distressinglj?- sick at the 
stomach; she would sometimes vomit blood and be taken suddenly ill, 
and occasionally while walking. It caused symptoms of many other 
diseases, great wasting of the flesh, etc. Her appetite was very ca- 
pricious, being at times good, and then poor for months, during which 
time her symptoms were much aggravated ; sickness, vomiting, great 
pain in the chest, stomach and side, motion in the stomach, and also 
in the bowels, with pain, a sense of fullness or swelling, and beating 
or throbbing in the same, dizziness, heaviness of the eyes: — and she 
was altogether so miserable that she feared it would destroy her. When 
she laced or wore anything tight, it pioduced great distress. The 
worm appeared to rise up in her throat and sicken her. Her general 
health was very bad. At intervals, generally some time after taking 
medicine, pieces of the worm would pass from the bowels, — often as 
many as forty during the day, all alive, and would swim in water. 

"Treatment. — Miss Dnmouline stated that she had employed 
twenty physicians, at different periods, and taken a hundred different 
kinds of medicine without expelling the worm. She had tal<en spirits 
of turpentine, but could not retain it upon the stomach. Under these 
circumstances I commenced my treatment. Cowage stripped from the 
pod, a small tea-spoon three times a day, to be taken, fasting, in a 
little arrow-root jelly; then occasionally a purgative of mandrake. In 
connection with this, I directed her to eat freely of garlic, and com- 
mon fine salt. I gave these under the belief that each article possess- 
ed vermifuge properties, witlioutever having administered them for 
the tape-worm. After having taken them for some time, all her un- 
favorable symptoms ceased, and subsequently the n-maining portion 
of the worm passed lifeless from her— an unprecedented circumstance. 

" She immediately recovered, and has since retained her health, 
and there is no evidence that there is any remaining. The patient 
stated that the worm which passed from her during the time she w\as 
afflicted with it^ would fill a peck measure, and reach one mile in 
length. Her relief and gratitude may be better imagined than de- 
scribed. I have a portion of this worm in my possession. When 
once the tape-worm begins to pass the bowels, care must be taken not 
to break it off, for it will then grow again — it has this peculiai- prop- 
erty." 

2. Secondly, Dr. Dowlor says: "The subject of this notice is a 
7 



146 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

daughter of Mr. E. Fish, of Beardstown, Illinois, about six years old. 
The only point of special interest in the ease consists in the efficiency 
of the remedy — to me wholly new, and accidentally brought to my 
notice — which was used in its treatment. 

*'I was treating a brother of this patient; a part of my prescrip- 
tion for whom was, as a drink, the mucilage of elm bark, made by 
putting pieces of the sohd bark into water. The girl was seen to be 
frequently eating portions of the bark during the day; the next morn- 
ing after which, upon my visiting the boy, the mother, with much 
anxiety, showed me a vessel containing something that had that 
moi-ning passed the girl's bowels, with bits of the elm bark, enveloped 
in mucilage, which, upon examination, proved to be about three feet 
of tape-worm. As I supposed the passage of the worm was accidental, 
and had occurred from the looseness caused by the bark, I proceeded to 
prescribe what I supposed a much more potent anthelmintic, a large 
dose of turpentine and castor oil. The turpentine and oil were given 
several times during the three consecutive days, causing pretty active 
purging, but with no appearance of any portions of the worm. The 
girl being slender, and of irritable temperament, I was forced to desist 
from further active medications; and partly to allay irritation of the 
bowels, and partly to test the inlluence of the bark on the worm, I 
directed that she should resume the use of the bark as before, by 
chewing and swallowing in moderate quantities. 

" On visiting her the succeeding morn ing, I was shown portion 
of the worm, mostly in separate joints, that had been passed over 
night. Feeling now some confidence in the anthelmintic powers of the 
elm bark, I directed the continued use of it, in the solid form, as be- 
fore, while there should be any portions of worm passing. In my 
daily calls for some days, I had the satisfaction to learn that portions 
of the worm continued to pass, from day to day, and sometimes several 
times a day. 

" I now ceased to visit my little patient, intending only an occa- 
sional visit; but my confidence in the efficacy of the elm hark being so 
well established, I advised its use to be continued for even two or 
three days after any portions of the worm should be seen in the evacu- 
ations. The portions of the worm expelled—even the separate joints — 
were alive, showing more or less motion; a sense of their presence in 
the rectum, from their action, seemed to urge the patient to go to stool 
for their removal. 

" Having given direction for the links or joints to be counted, care 
was taken to do so, by the mother; and from my notes of the case, I 
find that during about seven weeks of the intervening time, there had 
been expelled, by estimate, (taking the average lengths of the joints.) 
about forty-five feet of worm. At this time there had been no por- 
tions of the worm passed for two weeks, during whicli time the use of 



Medical Department. 147 

the bark had been omitted. The head of the worm, with about fifteen 
inches of the body attached, had been expelled ! But thinking that all 
portions of the worm or woi-ms might not have been removed, I ad- 
vised that the patient should resume the use of the bark. Very soon 
the next day, after doing so, further portions commenced comina: 
away, among them one about six feet long; tapering to a tliread-like 
termination. 

" The next time I took notes of the case, my estimate of the entire 
length of the worm that had been expelled, footed up one hundred and 
thirty-five feet^ whether one or more worms, I am unable to say, as in 
tiie portions I saw there were a head and tail, of what I supposed one 
worm. Since the last estimate there have hnQn joints occasionally 
evacuated. 

*'This patient, when first treated, was thin in flesh — had been 
growing so for some two years — attended with the usual nervous 
symptoms, starting out of sleep, variable appetite, etc., but with no 
great departure from good health. 

"As to the influence of this very bland agent in the dislodgment 
of the tape-worm, in this case, I think there can be no doubt, whatever 
may be the theory of its action. 

" The passage of portions of the worm, so j^romptly, on the use of 
the bark, and the ceasing to do so on the discontinuance of its use — 
even while active purgative anthelmintics were used — leave no room to 
doubt its effectiveness in at least this case, as a worm-expelling agent. 

" It seems probable that the bark, with its thick mucilage, so in- 
terposes between the animal and the inner surface of the bowels, as to 
prevent its lateral grasp on their surface, in consequence of which it is 
compelled to yield to the forces naturally operating, and it is carried 
out with the discharges. But as my object was simply to state the 
practical facts in this case, I will offer no further reflections." 

COUGHS. — Cough Lozenges. — Powdered ipecacuanha, 25 grs. ; 
kermes mineral, 50 grs. ; sulphate of morphia, 8 grs. ; powdered white 
sugar, gum arable, and extract of licorice, of each l)^ozs. ; oil of anise, 
20 drops; syrup of tolu, sufficient to work into mass form; roll out, 
and cut into 160 lozenges. DosE. — One lozenge 3 times daily. — Farish''6 
Phar77iacy. 

The above is the prescription of the "regulars," but there are 
those, perhaps, who would prefer the more rational prescription of the 
*' irregulars," next following; and there are those who would prefer 
the " Cough Candy," in place of either of the lozenges. By the inser- 
tion of the variety, all can please themselves. 

2. Cough Lozenges. — Another valuable lozenge is made as fol- 
lows: 

Extract of blood-root, licorice, and black cohosh, of each ^oz. ; 
tinctures of ipecac and lobelia, with laudanum, of each }^ oz.; cayenne. 



148 Dr, Chase's Recipes. 

powdered, 10 grs ; pulverized p^um <ar;ibic and st-arcli, of each %. oz. ; 
mix all together, and add pulverized suunr, 3 ozs. If this should be 
too dry to roll into lozenges, add a thick solution of gum arable to give 
it that consistence; and if it should be yet too moist, at any lime, add 
more sugar. Divide Into 320 lozenges. Dose. — One, 3 to 6 times 
daily, as needed. 

3. Pulmonic Wafers. — Pulverized sugar, 7 ozs.; tincture of 
ipecac, 3 drs. ; tincture of blood-root and syrup of toln, of each 2 drs. ; 
tincture of thoroughwort, 3^ oz. ; morphine, \}^ grs. Dissolve the 
morphine in water, 1^ tea-spoon, having put in sulphuric acid 2 drops; 
now mix all, and add mucilage of comfrey-root or gum arable, to form 
a suitable paste to roll and cut into common sized wafers or lozenges. 
Directions. — Allow 1 to dissolve in the mouth for a dose, or dissolve 
6 in 3 table-spoons of warm water, and take 3^ of a spoon G times daily, 
or of tener if need be. 

4. Coughs from Recent Colds. — Remedy. — Linseed-oil, honey, 
and Jamaica rum, equal parts of each; to be shaken when used. 

This has given very general satisfaction in recent coughs, but the 

following will probably give the most general satisfaction: 

5. Cou^h Mixture for Recent Colds. — Tincture of blood-root, 
syrups of ipecac and squills, tincture of balsam of tolu, and pare- 
goric, equal parts of each. Dose. — Half of a tea-spoon whenever the 
cough is severe. It is a very valuable medicine. 

6. Cough Candy. — Tincture of squills, 2 ozs, ; camphorated 
tincture of opium, and tincture of tolu, of each, 3^ oz. ; wine of 
ipecac, J^ oz. ; oils of gaultheria, 4 drops, sassafras, 8 drops, and of 
anise-seed oil, 2 drops. The above mixture is to be put into 5 lbs. of 
candy which is just ready to take from the lire, continuing the boiling 
a little longer, so as to form into sticks. — ParisJi's Pharmacy. 

Druggists will get confectioners to make this for a trifle on the 

pound over common candies, they, of course, furnishing their own 

compound. 

7. Cough Syrup. — Wahoo, bark of the root, and elecampane 
root, of each, 2 ozs. ; spikenard root, and tamarack bark, (unrossed, 
but the moss may be brushed off,) of each 4 ozs. ; mandrake root, 3^ 
oz. ; blood-root, 3^oz. ; mix alcohol, 1 pt., with sufficient water to 
cover all, handsomely, and let stand 2 or 3 days; then pour off 1 qt., 
putting on Avater and boiling twice, straining the two waters and 
boiling down to 3 pts.; when cool add 3 lbs. of honey, and alcoholic 
fluid poured oft*, with tincture of wine of ipecac, \% ozs. ; if the cough 
should be very tight, double the ipecac; and wash the feet daily in 
warm water, rubbing them thoroughly with a coarse towel, and, twice 
a week, extending the washing and rubbing to the whole body. Dose. 
— One table-spoon 3 to 5 times daily. 

If the cough is very troublesome when you lie down at night, or 
on waking in the morning, put tar and spirits of nitre, of each one 
tea-spoon, into a four-ounce vial of water, shaking well; then at these 
times just sip about a tea-spoon from the bottle without shaking, which 
will alia}' the tickling sensation causing the cough. 

I have cured a young lady, during the past winter, with the above 
syrup, whose cough had been pretty constant for over two years. 
Her friends hardly expected it ever to be any better, but it was only 



Medical Depu/tment /49 

necessary to nit^ke the above amount of syrup cwice to perrorm the 
cure. 

8. Couj^h Tincture. — Titictures of blood-root and balsam of tolu, 
of each, 4 ozs. ; thictures of lobelia and digitalis, of eacli, 2 ozs. : 
tincture of opium (laudanum), 1 oz. ; tincture of oil of anise (oil of 
anise one-half tea-spoon in an ounce of alcohol), 1 oz. Mix. Dose. — 
About one-half tea-spoon 3 times daily, in the same amount of honey, 
increasing to a tea-spoon if needed to loosen and lessen the cough. 

It has raised cases which doctors said must die, causing the patient 
to raise matter resembling the death-smell, awful indeed. It will cure 
cough, not by stopping it, but by loosening it, assisting the lungs and 
throat to throw off the offending matter, which causes the cough, and 
thus scieritiJicaUy ^ making the cure perfect ; while most of the cough 
remedies kept for sale stop the cough by their anodyne and constring- 
ing effects, retaining the mucus and all offending matters in the blood, 
C2M?>mg permanerU, disease of the lungs. 

But notwithstanding the known value of this "Cough Tincture,'* 
where the tamarack and other ingredients can be obtained, I must 
give my preference to the "Cough Syrup," No. 7. 

9, Cough Pill. — Extract of hyoscyamus, balm of gilead buds, 
with pulverized ipecac, or lobelia, and balsam of tir, of each, \ oz. ; 
oil of anise, a few drops, to form into common sized pills. Dose. — 
One or two pills 3 or 4 times daily. 

Dr. Beach says he endeavored for more than twenty-five years to 
obtain a medicine to fulfill the indications which are effected in this 
cough pill, particularly for ordinary colds and coughs ; and this 
admirably answers the intention, excelling all others. It allays the 
irritation of the mucous membrane, the bronchial tubes, and the 
lungs, and will be found exceedingly valuable in deep-seated coughs 
and all diseases of the chest. The bad effects of opium (so much used 
in coughs) are in this pill entirely obviated, and it is altogether better 
than the Cough Drops, which I now dispense ^y'lth..— Beach's American 
Practice. 

WHOOPING COUGH.— Syrup.— Onions and garlics, sliced, of 
eacli, 1 gill; sweet oil, 1 gill; stew them in the oil, in a covered dish, 
to obtain the juices; then strain and add honey, 1 gill; paregoric and 
spirits of camphoi-, of each, % oz. ; bottle and cork tight for use. 
Dose. — For a child of 2 or 3 years, 1 tea-spoon 3 or 4 times daily, or 
whenever the cough is troublesome, increasing or lessening, according 
to age. 

This is a grannj^'s prescription, but I care not from what source I 
derive information, if it gives the satisfaction which this has done, 
upon experiment. This lady has raised a large family of her own 
children, and grand-children in abundance. We have tried it with 
three of our children also, and prescribed it in many other cases with 
satisfaction, for over seven years. It is excellent also in common 



150 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 

colds attended with much cough. This is from experience, too, which 
I have found a veiy competent teacher. 

It is said that a European physician has discovered that the dan- 
gerous symptoms of whooping cough are due to suppressed cutaneous 
eruptions, and that an external irritant, or artificial rash, is a sure 
remedy. See " Small Pox." 

2. Dailey^s TVhoopiiig Cough Synip.— Take the strongest West 
India rum, 1 pt. ; anise oil, 2 ozs ; honey, 1 pt. ; lemon juice, 4 ozs. ; 
mix. Dose. — For adults, 1 table-spoon 3 or 4 times a day, — children, 
1 tea-spoon, with as much sugar and water. 

He says that he has successfully treated more than one hundred 
cases with this syrup. 

3. Soreness or Hoarseness from Coughs. — Remedy. — Spikenard 
root, bruised and steeped in a tea-pot, by using half water and half 
spirits; then inhaling the steam, when not too hot, by breathing 
through the spout, will relieve the soreness and hoarseness of the 
lungs, or throat, arising from much coughing, 

IN-GROWING TOE NAIL.— To Cure.— We take the following 
remedy for a very common and very painful affliction, from the Boston 
Medical and Surgical Journal : 

"The patient on whom I first tried this plan was a young lady 
who had been unable to put on a shoe for several months, and decid- 
edly the worst I have ever seen. The edge of the nail was deeply 
undermined, the granulations formed a high ridge, partly covered 
with the skin; and pus constantly oozed from the root of the nail. 
The whole toe was swollen and extremely painful and tender. My 
mode of proceeding was this: 

*' I put a very small piece of tallow in a spoon, and heated it until 
it became very hot, and poured it on the granulations. Theeltect was 
almost magical. Pain^and tenderness were at once relieved, and in a 
few days tlie granulations were all gone, the diseased parts dry and 
destitute of all feeling, and the edge of the nail exposed so as to 
admit of being pared away without any inconvenience. The cure was 
complete, and the trouble never returned. 

" I have tried the plan repeatedly since, with the same satisfac- 
tory resultsv The operation causes but little pain, if the tallow id 
properly heated. A repetition in some cases niiglit be necessary, 
although I have never met with a case that did not yield to one appli- 
cation." 

It has now been proven, in many other cases, to be effectual, 
accomplishing in one minute, without pain, all that can be effected by 
tlie painful application of nitrate of silver for several weeks. 

OILS. — British Oil. — Linseed and turpentine oils, of each, 8 ozs.; 
oils of amber and juniper, of each, 4 ozs. ; Barbadoes tar, 8 ozs.; sen- 
eca oil, 1 oz. Mix. 

This is an old prescription, but it is worth the whole cost of this 
book to any one needing an application for cuts, bruises, swellings, 



Medical Department 151 

and sores of almost every description, on persons, horses, or cattle ; so 
is the following", iilso: 

2. Balm of Crilead Oil. — Balm of Gilead buds, any quantity; 
place them in a suitable dish for stewing, and pour upon them suffi- 
cient sweet oil to just cover them; stew thoroughly, and press out all 
the oil from the buds, and bottle for use. 

It will be found very valuable as a healing oil, or lard can be used 

in place of the oil, making an excellent ointment for cuts, bruises, etc. 

3. Harlem Oil, or Welsh Medicameiitum.— Sublimed or flowers 
of sulphur and oil of amber, of each, 2 ozs.; linseed oil, 1 lb.; spirits 
of turpentine, sufficient to reduce all to the consistence of thin mo- 
lasses. Boil the .sulphur in the linseed oil until it is dissolved, then 
add the oil of amber and turpentine. Dose. — From 15 to 25 drops, 
morning and evening. 

Amongst the Welsh and Germans it is extensively used for 
strengthening the stomach, kidneys, liver and lungs, asthma, shortness 
of breath, cough, inward or outward sores, dropsy, worms, gravel, 
fevers, palpitation of the heart, giddiness, headache, etc., etc., by 
taking it internally, and for ulcers, malignant sores, cankers, etc., 
anointing externally, and wetting linen with it and applying to burns. 
In fact, if one-half that is said of its value is true, no other medicine 
need ever be made. It has this much in its favor, however, — probably 
no other medicine now in use has been in use half so long — over IGO 
years. The dose for a cliild is one drop for each year of its age. 

4. Oil of Spike. — The genuine oil of spike is made from the 
lavendula spica (bioad-leaved lavendar), but the commercial oil of spike 
is made by taking the rock oil, and adding 2 ozs. of spirits of turpen- 
tine to each pint. 

The rock oil which is obtained in Ohio, near Warren, is thicker 

and better than any other whicli I have ever used. 

5. Black Oils. — Best alcohol, tincture of arnica, British oil, and 
oil of tar, of eacli, 2 ozs. ; and slowly add sulphuric acid, ^2 ^^^' 

These black oils are getting into extensive use, as a liniment, and 
are indeed valuable, especially in cases attended with much inflamma- 
tion. 

6. Another Method — Is to take sulphuric acid, 2 ozs.; nitric acid, 
1 oz.; quicksilver, 3^2 ^z.; put them together in a quart bottle, or an 
open crock, until dissolved; then slowly add olive oil and spirits of 
turpentine, of each, 3^ pt., putting in the oil first. Let the work be 
done out of doors, to avoid the fumes arising from the mixture ; when 
all is done, bottle and put in all the cotton cloths it will dissolve, when 
it is fit for use. 

The mixture becomes quite hot, although no heat is used in making 

it, from setting free what is called latent or insensible heat, by their 

combining together. Rev. Mr. Way, of Plymouth, Mich., cured 

himself of sore throat by taking a few drops of this black oil upon 

sugar, letting it slowly dissolve upon the tongue, each evening after 

preaching, also wetting cloths and binding upon the neck. It will be 



152 Dr, Chase's Recipes. 

necessary to avoid getting it upon cotton or linen which you would not 
wish to show a stain. A colt which had a fistulous opening between 
the hind legs, from a snag, as supposed, which reduced him so that he 
had to be lifted up, when down, was cured by injecting twice only, of 
this oil, to till the diseased place. Also a very bad fever sore, upon the 
leg — ah ! excuse me ! — upon the limb of a young lady, which baffled 
the scientitic skill of the town in which she lived. In case they bite 
too much in any of their applications, wet a piece of brown paper in 
water, and lay it over the parts. 

OPODELDOC — Liquid. — Best brandy, 1 qt. ; warm it and add gum 
camphor, 1 oz. ; sal-ammoniac and oil of wormwood, of each, ^ oz. ; 
oils of origanum and rosemary, of each, 3^ oz. ; when the oils are 
dissolved by the aid of the heat, add soft soap, 6 ozs. 

Its uses are too well known to need further description. 

DIARRHEAS.— Cordial.— The best rhubarb root, pulverized, 1 
oz. ; peppermint leaf, 1 oz. ; capsicum, J^ oz. ; cover with boiling 
water, and steep thoroughly, strain, and add bicarbonate of potash 
and essence of cinnamon, of each, 3^ oz. ; with brandy (or good 
whisky) equal in amount to tlie whole, and loaf sugar, 4 ozs. Dose. — 
For an adult, 1 to 2 table-spoons; for a child, 1 to 2 tea-spoons, from 
3 to 6 times per day, until relief is obtained. 

This preparation has been my dependence, in my travels and in 
my f uiily, for several years, and it has never failed us. But in 
extremely bad cases it might be well to use, after each passage, the 
following: 

2. Injection for Chronic Diarrhea.— New milk, with thick mu- 
cilage of slippery elm, of each, 1 pt. ; sweet oil, 1 gill ; molasses, 3^ 
pt. ; salt, 1 oz. ; laudanum, 1 dr. Mix, and inject what the bowels 
will retain. 

Very many children, as well as grown persons, die annually of 
this disease, who might be saved by a proper use of the above injection 
and cordial. The injection should never be neglected, if there is the 
least danger apprehended. 

Although I believe these would not fail in one case out of one 
hundred, yet I have some other prescriptions which are so highly 
spoken of, I will give a few more. The first, from Mr. Ilendee, of 
Warsaw, Indiann, for curing Diarrhea, or Bloody Flux, as follows: 

3. Diarrliea Tincture. — Compound tincture of myrrh, 6 ozs. ; 
tincture of rhubarb, and spirits of lavender, of each, 5 ozs.; tincture 
of opium, 3 ozs.; oils of anise and cinnamon, with gum camphor and 
tartaric acid, of each, J^ oz. Mix. Dose. — One tea-spoon in 3^ a 
tea-cup of warm water sweetened with loaf sugar ; lepeat after each 
passage. 

He says he has cured many cases after given up by physicians. It 
must be a decidedly good preparation. Or, again : 

4. Diarrliea Drops. — Tincture of rhubarb, and compound spirits 
of lavender, of each, 4 ozs.; laudanum, 2 ozs.; cinnamon oil, 2 drops. 
Mix. Dose. — One tea-spoon every 3 or 4 hours, according to the 
severity of the case. 



Medical Department 153 

This speaks from ten years' successful experience. 

5. Diarrhea Syrup— For Cases brought on by long continned 
ase of Calomel. — Boxwood, black cherry and prickly ash barks, with 
dandelion root, of each, 2 ozs. ; butternut bark, 1 oz, ; boil thoroughly, 
strain and boil down to 1 qt.; then add loaf sugar, 2 lbs., and alcohol, 
1 gill, or brandy, 3^ pt, Dose. — A wine-glass from 3 to 5 times daily, 
according to circumstances. 

This regulates the bowels and tones up the system at the same 

time, no matter whether loose or costive. In one case of costiveness it 

brought a man around all right who had been sewed up tight for 

twelve days. On the other hand, it has regulated the system after 

months of calomel-diarrhea. 

6. "Wintergreen berries have been found a valuable corrector of 
Diarrhea brought on by the long-continued use of calomel in cases of 
fever, eating a quart of them in 3 days' time. 

The gentleman of whom I obtained this item tells me that winter- 
green essence has done the same thing, when the berries could not be 
obtained. In the first place, "everything else," as the saying is, had 
been tried in vain, and the man's wife, in coming across the woods, 
found these berries and picked some, which, when the husband saw, he 
craved, and would not rest without them, and, notwithstanding the 
fears of friends, they cured him. Many valuable discoveries are made 
in a similar manner. 

7. Dried whortleberries, steeped, and the juice drank freely, has 
cured Diarrhea and Bloody Flux, both in children and adults. 

8. Diarrhea and Canker Tea. — Pulverized hemlock bark (it is 
generally kept by druggists), 1 table-spoon, steeped in half a tea-cup 
of water. 

For young children, in Diarrhea, or Canker, or when they are 
combined, feed a tea-spoon of it, or less, according to the child's age, 
two or three times daily, until cured. To overcome costiveness, which 
may arise from its use, scorch fresh butter, and give it in place of oil, 
and in quantities corresponding with oil. Children have been saved 
with three cents' worth of this bark, which "Allopath" said must die. 
If good for children, it is good for adults, by simpl3' increasing the 
dose. 

9. Sumac bobs, steeped and sweetened Avith loaf sugar, has been 
found very valuable for Diarrhea; adding, in very severe cases, alum, 
pulverized, a rounding tea-spoon, to 1 pt. of the strong tea. Dose. — 
A tea, to a table-spoon, according to the age of the child, and the 
severity of the case 

It saved the life of a child when two M. D.'s (Mule Drivers) said 
it could not be saved. 

CHOLERA TINCTURE.— Select the thinnest cinnamon bark, 
cloves, gum gauiac, all pulverized, of each, 1 oz. ; very best brandy, 1 
qt. Mix, and shake occasionally for a week or two. Dose. — A tea- 
spoon to a table-spoon for an adult, according to the condition and 
robustness or strength of the system. It may be repeated at intervals 



154 Dr^ Chase's Recipes, 

of 1 to 4 hours, if necessary, or much more often, according to the 
condition of the bowels. 

This I have from an old railroad-boss, who used it with his men 

during the last cholera in Ohio, and never lost a man, whilst other 

jobbers left the road, or lost their men in abundance, thinking the 

above too simple to be of any value. 

2. Isthmus Cholera Tincture.— Tincture of rhubarb, cayenne, 
opium, and spirits of camphor, with essence of peppermint, equal 
parts of each, and each as strong as can be made. Dose. — From 5 to 
30 drops, or even to 60, and repeat until relief is obtained, every 5 to 
30 minutes. 

C. H. Cuyler, who was detained upon the Isthmus during the 
cholera period, was saved by this prescription, as also many others. 

3. Cholera Preventive, — Hoffman's anodyne and essence of 
peppermint, of each, 2 ozs. ; tincture of ginger, 1 oz. ; laudanum, spirits 
of camphor, and tincture of cayenne, of each, ^ oz.; mix. Dose. — 
For an adult, from a tea to a table-spoon, according to symptoms. 

4. Cholera Cordial. — Chloroform, spirits of camphor, lauda- 
num, and aromatic spirits of ammonia, of each 1 dr.; cinnamon 
water, 2 ozs. ; mix. Dose. — From 1 tea to a table-spoon, to be well 
shaken, and taken with sweetened water. 

5. German Cholera Tincture.— Sulphuric ether, 2 ozs. ; and put 
into it castor and gentian, of each 34 oz. ; opium and agaric, each 1 
dr. ; gum camphor, 3^ oz. ; let them stand 2 days, then add alcohol, 1 
qt. ; and let stand 14 days, when it is ready for use. Dose. — One tea- 
spoon every 15 or 20 minutes, according to the urgency of the case. 

I obtained this prescription of a German at Lawrenceburg, Ind., 

who had done very much good with it during the last cholera period 

in that place. 

6. Egyptian Cure for Cholera.— Best Jamaica ginger root^ 
bruised, 1 oz. ; cayenne, 2 tea-spoons; boil all in 1 qt. of water, to 3^ 
pt., and add loaf sugar to form a thick syrup. Dose. — One table- 
spoon every 15 minutes, until vomiting and purging ceases, then 
follow up with a blackberry tea. 

The foregoing was obtained of a physician who practiced in 

Egypt, (not the Illinois Egypt,) during the great devastation of the 

cholera there, with which he saved many lives. 

7. India Prescription for Cholera.— First dissolve gum cam- 
phor, % oz., in 13^ ozs. of alcohol; second, give a tea-spoon of spirits 
of hartshorn in a wine-glass of water, and follow it every 5 minutes 
with 15 drops of the camphor, in a tea-spoon of water, for 3 doses, 
then wait 15 minutes, and commence again as before, and continue 
the camphor for 30 minutes unless there is returning heat. Should 
this be the case, give one more dose and the cure is effected. Let 
them perspire freely, (which the medicine is designed to cause,) as 
upon this the life depends, but add no additional clothing. 

Lady Ponsonby, who had spent several years in India, and had 

proved the efficacy of the foregoing, returned to Dublin in 1833, and 

published it in the Dublin Maily for the benefit of her countrymen, 

declaring that she never knew it to fail. 



Medical Department. 155 

I would say, be very sure you have the cholera, as the tea-spoon 
of hartshorn would be a double dose for ordinary cases of disease. 

§. Nature's Cholera Medicine. — Laudanum, spirits of camphor, 
and tincture of rhubarb, equal parts of each. Dose. — One table- 
spoon every 15 to 20 minutes, until relieved. 

In attacks of cholera, the patient usually feels a general uneasi- 
ness and heat about the stomach, increasing to actual distress and 
great anxiety, finally sickness, with vomiting and purging, surface 
constringed, the whole powers of the system concentrated upon the 
internal organs, involving the nervous system, bringing on spasms, 
and in the end, death. Now, whatever will allay this uneasiness, 
drive to the surface, correct the discharges, and soothe tiie nerves, 
cures the disease. The laudanum does the first and the last, the cam- 
phor drives to the surface, and the rhubarb corrects the alimentary 
canal; and if accompanied with the hot bath, frictions, etc., is doubly 
sure. And to show what may be done with impunity in extreme 
cases, let me say that Merrltt Blakeley, living near Flat Eock, Mich., 
came home from Detroit during the last cholera season, having the 
cholera in its last stage, that is, with the vomiting, purging, and 
spasms; the foregoing medicine being in the house, the wife, in her 
hurry and excitement, in place of two-thirds of a table-spoon, she 
read two-thirds of a tea-cup, and gave it accordingly, and saved his 
life; whilst if taken in the spoon doses, at this stage of the disease, he 
would most undoubtedly never have rallied from the collapse into 
which he was fast sinking; yet in the commencement they would have 
been as effectual ; so, mistake would be generally accredited for saving 
the patient, — I say Providence did the work. 

Five to 10 drops would be a dose for a child of 2 to 5 years, and 
in this dose it saved a child of 2% j^ears, in a bad case of bloody flux. 

If any one is permitted to die with all these prescriptions before 
them, it must be because a proper attention is not given; for God most 
undoubtedly works through the use of means, and is best pleased to 
see his children wear out, rather than break by collision of machinery 
on the way. 

CHOLIC AND CHOLERA MORBUS.— Treatment.— Cholera mor- 
bus arises from a diseased condition of the bile, often brought on by 
over-indulgence with vegetables, especially unripe fruits; usually 
commencing with sickness and pain at the stomach, followed by the 
most excruciating pain and griping of the bowels, succeeded by vomit- 
ing and purging, which soon prostrate the patient. The person finds 
himself unavoidably drawn into a coil by the contraction of the mus- 
cles of the abdomen and the extremities. Thirst verv great, evacua- 
tions first tinged with bile, and finally, nearly all, very bilious. 

Treatment.— The difficulty arises from the acidity of the bile; 
then take saleratus, peppermint leaf, and rhubarb root, pulverized, of 



156 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

each a rounding tea-spoon, put into a cup which you can cover and 
pour upon them boiling water, 3>^ pt. ; when nearly cold add a table- 
spoon of alcohol, or twice as much brandy or other spirits. Dose. — 
Two to 3 table-spoons every 20 to 30 minutes, as often and as long as 
the vomiting and painful purgations continue. If there should be long 
continued pain about the naval, use the " Injection,'' as mentioned 
under that head, in connection with the above treatment, and you will 
have nothing to fear. If the first dose or two should be vomited, 
repeat it immediately, until retained. 

The above preparation ought to be made by every family, and 
kept on hand, by bottling; for diseases of this character are as liable 
to come on in the night as at any other time; then much time must be 
lost in making fires, or getting the articles together with which to 
make it. 

2. Common Cholic. — There is a kind of cholic which some per- 
sons are atfiicted with, from their youth up, not attended with vomiting 
or purging. I was afflicted with it, from my earliest recollection until 
I was over twenty years of age, sometimes two or three times j'early. 

In one of these fits, about that age, a neighbor woman came in, 
and as soon as she found out what was the matter with me, she went 
out and pulled up a buuch of blue vervain, knocked the dirt from the 
roots, then cut them off and put a good handful of them into a basin, 
and poured boiling water upon them, and steeped for a short time, 
poured out a saucer of the tea and gave me to drink, asking no ques- 
tions, but simply sa3ing, "If you will drink this tea every day for a 
month, you will never have cholic again as long as you live." I drank 
it, and in fifteen minutes I was perfectly happy; the transition from 
extreme pjiin to immediate and perfect relief is too great to allow one 
to find words adequate to describe the difference. 

I continued its use as directed, and have not had a cholic pain 
since, nearly thirty years. I have told it to others with the same result. 
It also forms a good tonic in agues, and after fevers, etc. 

CARMINATIVES. — For the more common pains of the stomach, 
arising from accumulating gas, in adults or children, the following 
pieparation will be found very valuable, and much better than resort- 
ing to any of the opium mixtures for a constant practice, as many 
unwisely or wickedly do. See the remarks after "Godfrey's Cordial," 
and through this subject. 

Compound spirits of lavender, spirits of camphor, and tincture of 
ginger, of each 1 oz. ; sulpliuric etiier and tincture of cayenne, of each 
3^ oz. Mix and keep tightly corked. Dose.— For an adult, 1 tea- 
spoon every 15 minutes, until relieved; for a child of 2 yeais, 5 drops; 
and more or less, according to a<ie nnd the severity of the pain. 

2. Carminative for Children.— Angelica and white roots, of 
each 4 ozs. ; valerian and sculcap roots, with poppy heads, of each 2 
ozs. ; sweet flag-root, "^^ oz. ; anise, dill, and fennel seed, with catmint 
leaves and flowers, motherwort and mace, of each 1 oz.; castor and 
cochineal, of each ^ oz. ; camphor gum, 2 scruples; benzoic acid, 



Medical Departme7it. icy 

(called flower of benzoin,) 3^ oz. ; alcohol and water, of each 1 qt.; or 
rum, or brandy, 2 qts.; loaf or crushed sugar, 1 lb. Pulverize all of 
the herbs and roots, moderatelj' fine, and place in a suitable sized bot- 
tle, adding the spirits, or alcohol and water, and keep wai-m for a 
week, shaking once or twice every day; then filter or strain, and add 
the camphor or benzoin, shaking well; now dissolve the sugar in 
another quart of water, by heat, and add to the spirit tincture, and all 
is complete. Dose.— For a very young cliild, from 3 to 5 diops; it 1 
year old, about 10 drops, and from that up to 1 tea-spoon if 2 to 5 years 
old, etc. For adults, from 1 to 4 tea-spoons, according to tlie severity 
of the pain — to be taken in a cup of catmint or catnip tea for adults, 
and in a spoon of the same for children. It may be repeated every 2 
to 6 hours, as needed. 

Uses.— It eases pain, creates a moderate appetite and perspiration, 
and produces refreshing sleep; is also excellent for removing flatu- 
lency or wind colic, and valuable in hysteria and other nervous alfec- 
tions, female debility, etc., in place of the opium anodynes. 

SEIDLITZ POWDERS.— Genuine.— Eochelle salts, 2 drs.; bicar- 
bonate of soda, 2 scruples; put these into a blue paper, and ])ut tartaric 
acid, 35 grs. ; into a white paper. To use, put each into difterent tum- 
blers; fill 3^ with water, and put a little loaf sugar in with the acid, 
then pour together and drink. 

This makes a very pleasant cathartic, and ought to be used more 
generally than it is, in place of more severe medicines. Families can 
buy 3 ozs. of the Rochelle salts, and 1 oz. of the bicarbonate of soda, 
and mix evenly together, using about 2 tea-spoons for 1 glass, and 
have the tartaric acid by itself, and use a little over 3^ a tea-spoon 
of it for the other glass, with a table-spoon of sugar, all well dissolved, 
then pour together and drink while efi'ervescing; and they will find 
this to do just as well as to have them weighed out and put up in 
papers, which cost three times as much, and do no better. Try it, as 
a child will take it with pleasure, as a nice beverage and ask for more. 

A lady once lost her life, thinking to have a little sport, by drink- 
ing one glass of this preparation, following it directly with the other. 
The large amount of gas disengaged, ruptured the stomach immedi- 
ately. 

DIPHTHERIA.— Dr Phinney's Remedy, of Boston.— Dr. Phin- 
ney, of Boston, furnishes the Journal of that city with a recipe for 
diphtheria, which has recently been re-published*in the Detroit Daily 
Advertiser, containing so much sound sense, and so decidedly the best 
thing that I have ever seen recommended for it, that I cannot forbear 
giving it an insertion, and also i-ecomraend it as the dependence in that 
disease. 

He says, " the remedy on which I chiefly depend is the Actea 

Eacemosa, or black snake-root, which is used both locally as a gargle 

and taken internally. 

As a gargle 1 tea-spoon of the tincture is added to 2 table-spoons 
of water, and gargle every hour for twenty-four hours, or till the ]iro- 



158 Dr, Chasers Recipes, 

greps of the disease is arrested; after which the intervals may be 
extended to an hour and a half, or more, as the symptoms may justify. 
In connection witli tiie use of the gargle, or separately, tlie adult 
patient should take internally to the amount of two or three tea-spoons 
of the tincture in the course of twenty-four hours. 

"In addition to the foregoing, give 10 diops of the muriated tinc- 
ture of iron, 3 times in the twenty-four hours, and a powder from 3 to 
5 grains of the chlorate of potash in the intervals. 

"Under this treatment a very decided inprovement takes place 
within the first twenty-four hours, the ash colored membrane disap- 
pears usually within two days, and the patient overcomes the malig- 
nant tendency of the disease. 

" The foregoing doses are for adidts; for children they should of 
course be diminished according to age, etc. It will be observed that 
great importance is attached to the frequent use of the gargle — that is, 
every hour — in order to overcome the morbific tendency of disease by a 
constantly counteracting impression. In order to guard against a 
relapse, an occasional use of the remedies should be continued for 
several days after the removal of the membrane and subsidence of 
unpleasant symptoms. To complete the cure, a generous diet and 
other restoratives may be used as the intelligent practitioner shall 
direct." 

CATHARTICS.— Vegetable Physic— Jalap and peppermint leaf, 
of each 1 oz. ; senna, 2 ozs. ; pulverize all very finely, and sift through 
gauze; bottle it and keep corked. Dose. — Put a rounding tea-spoon 
of the powder and a heaping tea-spoon of sugar into a cup, and pour 

3 or 4 spoons of boiling water upon them ; when cool stir it up and 
drink all. The best time for taking it is in the morning, not taking 
breakfast, but drinking freely of corn-meal gruel. If it does not 
operate in 3 hours, repeat half the dose until a free operation is 
obtained. 

Dr, Beach first brought this preparation, nearly in its present 
proportions, to the notice of the Eclectic practitioners who have found 
it worthy of very great confidence, and applicable in all cases where a 
general cathartic action is required. It may be made into syrup or 
pills, if preferred. 

2, Indian Cathartic Pills. — Aloes and gamboge, of each, 1 oz. ; 
mandrake and blood-root, with gum myrrh, of each }^ oz. ; gum cam- 
phor and cayenne, of each \% drs. ; ginger, 4 ozs. ; all finely pulver- 
ized and thoroughly mixed, with thick mucilage (made bj^ putting a 
little water upon equal quantities of gum arable and gum tragacanth,) 
into pill mass; then formed into common sized pills. DoSE. — Two to 

4 pills, according to the robustness of the patient. 

Families should always have some of these cathartics, as well as 
other remedies, in the house, to be prepared for accident, providence, 
or emergence, whichever you please to call it. They may be sugar- 
coated, as directed under that head, if desii-ed. 

TOOTHACHE AND INEUKALGIA REMEDIES.— Magnetic Tooth 
Cordial and Pain Killer, — Best alcohol, 1 oz. ; laudanum, ^ oz. ; 



Medical Department. ' i^p 

chloroform, liquid measures, % oz.; gum camphor, i^ oz.; oil of cloves, 
}4, dr. ; sulphuric ether, %^ 02.; and oil of lavender, 1 dr. If there is a 
nerve exposed, this will quiet it. Apply with lint. Eub also on the 
gums and upon the face against the tooth, freely. 

" The raging toothache why endure, 
When there is found a perfect cure, 
"Which saves the tootli, and stops the pain. 
And gives the sufferer ease again." 

In the case of an ulcerated tooth at Georg-etown, Ohio, Mr. Jenk- 
ins, the proprietor of the ''Jenkins House,'' had been suffering for 
ei^ht days, and I relieved him by bathing the face with this prepara- 
tion, using a sponge, for two or three minutes only, taking a tea-spoon 
or two into the mouth, for a minute or two, as it had broken upon the 
inside. The operation of the cordial was really magical^ according to 
dd notions of cure. 

I offered to sell a grocer a book, at Lawrenceburgh, Ind. He read 
until he saw the " Magnetic Tooth Cordial " mentioned, then he says, " If 
you will cure my toothache, I will buy one." I applied the cordial, it 
being late Saturday evening, and on Monday morning he was the first 
man on hand for his book. 

The Sheriff of Wayne county, Ind., at Centervillc, had been suf- 
fering three days of neuralgia^ and I gave him such decided relief in 
one evening, with this cordial, that he gave me a three dollar piece, 
with the remark, " Take whatever you please." 

In passing from Conneautville, Pa., upon a canal boat, the cook, 
(who was wife of one of the steersmen,) was taken after supper with * 
severe pain in the stomach. There being no peppermint on board, 
and as strange as it may appear, no spirits of any kind whatever, I was 
applied to as a physician to contrive something for her relief; I ran 
my mind over the articles I had with me, and could not hit upon any 
other so likely to benefit as the *' Tooth Cordial," arguing in my mind 
that if good for pain where it could be applied to the spot externally, 
I could apply it to the point of pain internally in this case, (the 
stomach) as well. I gave her a tea-spoon of it in water, and waited 
five minutes without relief, but concluding to go " whole hog or none," 
I repeated the dose, and inside of the next five minutes she was per- 
fectly cured. Her husband, the other steersman also, and one of the 
drivers, bought each a book, and the next week, in Erie, one of her 
neighbors bought another, upon her recommendation ; since which 
myself and agents have freely used it, and recommend it for similar 
conditions with equal success. 

The cases are too numerous to mention more. I mention these to 
give confidence to purchasers, that all, who need it, will not fail to give 
it a trial. It is good for an}'- local pain, wherever it can be applied. 
Pain will not Ions: exist under its use. 



i6o Dr. Chasers Recipes, 

2. Homeopathic Tooth Cordial.— Alcohol, i^ pt. ; tincture of 
arnica and chloroform, of each 1 oz. ; oil of cloves, 3^ oz. Mix and 
apply as the other. 

There are many persons who would prefer this last to the fore- 
going, from the presence of arnica ; and it is especially valuable as a 
liniment for bruises involving effusion of blood under the skin. 

3. Neuralgia. — Internal Kemedy. — Sal-ammoniac, % dr. ; dis- 
solve in water, 1 oz. Dose. — One table-spoon every three minutes, for 
20 minutes, at the end of which time, if not before, the pain will have 
disappeared. 

The foregoing is from a gentleman who had been long afflicted 
with the disease, who found no success with any other remedy. 
Instead of common water, the "Camphor Water'' or "Mint Water" 
might by some be preferred. The ammonia is a very d iff usable stim- 
ulant, quiclvly extending to the whole system, especially extending to 
the surface. 

4. King of Oils, for Neuralgia and Illieumatism.— Burning 

fluid, 1 pt. ; oils of cedar, hemlock, sassafras, and origanum, of each, 
2 ozs. ; carbonate of ammonia, pulverized, 1 oz. ; mix. Directions. — 
Apply freely to the nerve and gums, around tlie tooth; and to the face 
in neuralgic pains, by wetting brown paper and laying on the parts, 
not too long, for fear of blistering, — to the nerves of teeth by lint. 

A blacksmith, of Sturgis, Mich., cured himself and others, with 
this, of neuralgia, after physicians could give no relief. 

5. Several years ago, I was stopping for a number of weeks at a 
hotel near Detroit; whilst there, toothache was once made the subject 
of conversation, at which time the landlady, a Mrs. Wood, said she 
had been driven by it, to an extreme measure — no less than boiling 
wormwood herbs in alcohol and taking a table-spoon of it into the 
mouth, boiling hot, immediately closing the mouth, turning the head 
in such a way as to bring the alcohol in contact with all the teeth, 
then spitting it out and taking the second immediately, in the same 
way, having the boiling kept up by setting the tin containing it upon 
a shovel of hot coals, bringing it near the mouth. Siie said she never 
had toothache after it, nor did it injure the mouth in the least, but, 
for the moment, she thought her head had collapsed, or the heavens 
and earth come together. And although the lady's appearance and 
deportment was such as to gain general esteem, I dared not try it or 
recommend it to others. But during the last season I found a gentle- 
man who had tried the same thing, in the same way, except he took 
four spoons in his mouth at a time, and did not observe to keep his 
mouth closed to prevent the contact of the air with the alcohol, the 
result of which was a scalded moutli, yet a perfect cure of the pain and 
no recurrence of it for twelve years up to the time of conversation. 
And I do not now give tlie plan expecting it to become a general 
favorite, but more to show tlie severity of the pain, forcing patients lo 



Medical Departme7it. i6i 

siich extreme remedies. It would not be applicable only in cases 
■Nvbere the pain was confined entirely to the teeth. 

6. Horse-Radish Root, bruised and bound upon the face, or 
other parts where the pain is located, has been found very valuable 
for their relief. And I think it better than the leaf for drafts to the 
feet, or other parts. 

7. TEETH.— Extracting with little or no Pain.— Dr. Dunlap, a 
dentist of Chillicothe, O., while fillin*;^ a tooth for me, called my 
attention to the following recipe, given by a dental publication, to 
prevent pain in extracting teetli. He had used it. It will be found 
valuable for all who must have teeth extracted, for the feeling is 
sufficiently unpleasant even when all is done that can be for its relief. 

Tincture of aconite, chloroform, and alcohol, of each, 1 oz. ; 
morphine, 6 grs. Mix. Manner of Application. — Moisten two 
pledgets of cotton with the liquid and apply to the gums on each side 
of the tooth to be extracted, holding them to their place with pliers or 
some other convenient instrument for 5 to 15 minutes, rubbing the 
gums freely inside and out. 

My wife has had six teeth taken at a sitting, but the last two she 
wished to have out, she could not make up her mind to the work until 
I promised her it should not hurt in the extraction, which I accom- 
plished by accompanying her to Dr. Porter's dental office, of tliis city, 
and administering chloroform in the usual waj', just to the point of 
nervous stimulation, or until its effects were felt over the whole system, 
at which time the teeth were taken, not causing pain, she says, equal 
to toothache for one minute. Not the slightest inconvenience was ex- 
perienced from the effects of the chloroform. I consider this plan, and 
so does Y^w Porter, far preferable to administering it until entire 
stupefaction, by which many valuable lives have been lost. 

8. Dentriflce which Removes Tartareous Adhesions, Arrests 
Decay, and Induces a Healthy Action of the Gums.— Dissolve 1 oz. of 
borax in V/^ pints of boiling water, and when a little cool, add 1 tea- 
spoon of the tincture of myrrh and 1 table-spoon of the spirits of 
camphor, and bottle for use. Directions. — At bedtime, wash out the 
mouth with water; using a badger's hair brush (bristle brushes tear 
the gums and should never be used); then take a table-spoon of the 
dentriflce with as much warm water, and rub the teeth and gums well, 
each night until the end is attained. 

9. Tooth-Wash— To Remove Blackness. — Pure muriatic acid, 1 
oz. ; water, 1 oz.; honey, 2 ozs. ; mix. Take a tooth-brush and wet it 
freely with this ]n'eparation, and bi-iskly rub the blaclv teeth, and in a 
moment's time they will be perfectly white; then immediately wash 
out the mouth with water, that the acid ma}'^ not act upon the enamd 
of the teeth. 

It need not be used often, say once in three or four months, as the 
teeth become black again, washing out quickly every time. Without 
the washing after its use it would injure the teeth, with it, it never 



1 62 Dr. Chase* s Recipes. 

will. This blackness is hard to remove, even with the brush and 
tooth-powder. 

10. Dr. Thompson, of 'Evansville, Ind., gives the above in 
twenty-drop doses, three times daily, for laryngitis or bronchitis, taken 
in a little water, throwing it back past the teeth. 

11. Tooth-Powder — Excellent. — Take any quantity of finely 
pulverized chalk, and twice as mucli tinely pulverized charcoal; make 
veiy tine; then add a very little suds made with castile soap, and 
sufficient spirits of camphor to wet all to a thick paste. Apply with 
the linger, rubbing thoroughly, and it will whiten the teeth better 
than any tooth-powder you can buy. 

I noticed the past season, a piece going the rounds of the papers, 
*'That charcoal ought not to be used on the teeth." I will only add 
that a daughter of mine has used this powder over six years, and her 
teeth are very white, and no damage to the enamel, as yet. Six years 
would show up the evil, if death was in the pot. Coal from basswood 
or other soft wood is easiest pulverized. 

ESSENCES. — Druggists' rules for making essences is to use one 
ounce of oil to one quart of alcohol, but many of them do not use more 
than half of that amount, whilst most of the peddlers do not have 
them made of more than one-fourth that strength. I would hardly 
set them away if presented. I have always made them as follows: 

Peppermint oil, 1 oz. ; best alcohol, 1 pt. And the same amount 
of any other oil for any other essence which you desire to make. 
Dose — A dose of this strength of essence will be only from 10 to 30 
drops. 

With most essences a man can drink a whole bottle without danger, 
or benefit. Peppermint is colored with tincture of tumeric, cinnamon 
with tincture of red sandal or sanders wood, and wintergreen with 
tincture of kino. There is no color, however, for essences, so natural 
as to put the green leaf of which the oil is made into the jar of essence, 
and let it remain over night, or about twelve hours; then pour off, or 
filter it for sale. But if families are making for their own use they 
need not bother to color them at all. But many believe if they are 
high colored they are necessarily strong, but it has no etfect upon the 
strength whatever, unless colored with the leaf or bark, as here 
recommended. Cinnamon bark does in the place of the leaf. See 
" Extracts." 

TINCTURES. — In making any of the tinctures in common use, or 
in making any of the medicines called for in this work, or in works 
generally, it is not only expected, but absolutely necessary, that the 
roots, leaves, barks, etc., should be dry, unless otherwise directed; 
then : 

Take the root, herb, bark, leaf, or gum called for, 2 ozs. ; and 
bruise it, then pour boiling water % pt., upon it, and when cold add 
best alcohol, % x)t., keeping warm for from 4 to 6 days, or letting it 



-- Medical Department. 163 

stand 10 or 12 days without warmth, shaking once or twice daily; then 
filter or strain ; or it may stand upon the dregs and be carefully poured 
off as needed. 

With any person of common judgment, the foregoing directions 
are just as good as to take up forty times as much space by saying — 
take lobelia, herb and seed, 2 ozs. ; alcohol, )^pt,; boiling water, J^ 
pt., — then do the same thing, over and over again, with every tincture 
which may be called for ; or at least those who cannot go ahead with 
the foregoing instructions, are not fit to handle medicines at all ; so I 
leave the subject with those for whom the given information is 
sufficient. 

In making compound tinctures, you can combine the simple 
tinctures, or make them by putting the different articles into a bottle 
together, then use the alcohol and water it would require if you was 
making each tincture separately. 

TETTER, RINGWORM, AND BARBER'S ITCH.— To Cure.— 

Take the best Cuba cigars, smoke one a sutficient length of time to 
accumulate one-fourth or one-half inch of ashes upon the end of the 
cigar; now wet the whole surface of the sore with the saliva from the 
mouth, then rub the ashes from the end of the cigar thoroughly into 
and all over the sore; do this three times a day, and inside of a week 
all will be smooth and well. 

I speak from extensive experience ; half of one cigar cured myself 
when a barber would not undertake to shave me. It is equally success- 
ful in tetters on other parts of the body, hands, etc. 

Tobacco is very valuable in its place (medicine) — like spirits, 

however, it makes slaves of its devotees. 

2. Narrow-Leaved (yellow) dock root, sliced and soaked in good 
vinegar, used as a wash, is highly recommended as a cure for tetter, or 
ringworm. 

BALSAMS— Dr. R. W. Hutchins' Indian Healing, formerly, 
Peckham's Cough Balsam. — Clear, pale resin, 3 lbs., and melt it, add- 
ing spirits of turpentine, 1 qt ; balsam of tolu, 1 oz.; balsam of fir, 4 
ozs.; oil of hemlock, origanum, with Venice turpentine, of each, 1 oz. ; 
strained honey, 4 ozs.; mix well and bottle. Dose. — Six to 12 drops; 
for a child of six, 3 to 5 drops, on a little sugar. The dose can be 
varied according to the ability of the stomach to bear it, and the 
necessity of the case. 

It is a valuable preparation for coughs, internal pains, or strains, 
and works benignly upon the kidneys. 

2. Dr. Mitchel's Balsam, for Cuts, Bruises, etc.— Fenugreek 
seed, and gum myrrh, of each, 1 oz.; sassafras root bark, a good hand- 
ful, alcohol, 1 qt. Put all into a bottle and keep warm for five days. 

Dr. Mitchell, of Pa., during his life, made great use of this balsam, 
foi- cuts, bruises, abrasions, etc., and it will be found valuable for such 
purposes. 

ARTIFICIAL SKIN— For Burns, Bruises, Abrasions, etc.. 
Proof Against Water. — Take gun cotton and Venice turpentine, 
equal parts of each, and dissolve them in 30 times as much sulphuric 



1 64 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

ether, dissolving the cotton first, then adding the turpentine ; keep it 
corked tightly. 

The object of the turpentine is to prevent pressure or pinching 
caused by evaporation of the ether when applied to a bruised surface. 
Water does not affect it, hence its value for cracked nipples, chapped 
hands, surfiice bruises, etc., etc. 

DISCUTIENTS— To Scatter Swellings.— Tobacco and cicuta 
(water hemlock) leaves, of each, 2 ozs. ; stramonium, (jimpsom) and 
solanum nigrum (garden night shade, sometimes erroneously called 
deadly night shade,) the leaves, and j'ellow dock root, of each, 4 ozs. ; 
bitter-sweet, bark of the root, 3 ozs. Extract the strength by boiling 
with water, pressing out, and re-boiling, straining and carefully 
boiling down to the consistence of an ointment, then add lard, 18 
ozs. and simmer together. 

It will be used for stiff joints, sprains, bruises attended with 
swelling when the skin is unbroken, for cancerous lumps, scrofulous 
swellings, white swellings, rheumatic swellings, etc. It is one of the 
best discutieuts, or scatterers in use, keeping cancers back, often for 
months. 

SMALL-POX— To Prevent Pitting the Face.— A great discovery 
is reported to have recently been made by a Surgeon of the English 
army in China, to prevent pitting or marking the face. The mode of 
treatment is as follows: 

When, in small-pox, the preceding fever is at its height, and just 
before the eruption appears, the chest is thoroughly rubbed with 
Croton Oil and Tartar emetic Ointment. This causes the whole of the 
eruption to appear on that part of the body to the relief of the rest. 
It also secures a full and complete eruption, and thus prevents the 
disease from attacking the internal organs. This is said to be now the 
established mode of treatment in the English army in China, by gen- 
eral orders, and is; regarded as perfectly effectual. 

It is a well known fact, that disease is most likely to make its 
attack upon the weakest parts, and especially upon places in ihe 
system which have been recently weakened by previous disease ; hence, 
if an eruption (disease) is caused by the application of croton oil mixed 
with a little of the Tartar emetic Ointment, there is every reason to 
believe that the eraption, in Small-Pox, will locate upon that part 
instead of the face. The application should be made upon the breast, 
fore part of the thighs, etc., not to interfere with the posture upon the 
bed. 

It has been suggested that a similar application will relieve whoop- 
ing cough, by drawing the irritation from the lungs; if so, why will it 
not help to keep measles to the surface, especially when they have a 
tendency to the internal organs, called striking in. It is worth a trial 
in any of tliese cases. See "Causes of Inflannnation," under the head 
of "Inflammation." 



Medical Department, 165 

S. Common Swellings, to Reduce. — Tory-weed pounded so as to 
mash it thorouo^hly and bound upon any common swelling, will very 
soon reduce the parts to their natural size. 

This weed may be known from its annoyance to sheep raisers, as 
it furnishes a small burr having a dent on one side of it, but the burr 
of the other kind has no dent — is round. It will be found very valuable 
in rheumatisms attended with swellings. 

WES S— To Cure. — Dissolve copperas in water to make it strong; 
now take a pin, needle, or sharp knife, and prick or cut the wen in 
about a dozen places, just sufficient to cause it to bleed; then wet it 
thoroughly with the copperas water, once daily. 

This, followed for four weeks, cured a man residing within four 
miles of this city, who had six or eight of them, some of them on the 
head as large as a hen's <ig^. The preparation is also valuable, as a 
wash, in erysipelas. 

BLEEDINGS— Internal and External— Styptic Balsam.— For in- 
ternal hemorrhage, or bleeding from the lungs, stomach, nose, and in 
excessive menstruation or bleeding from the womb, is made as follows: 

Put sulphuric acid, 2 }4. *^i*s., by weight, in a Wedgewood mortar, 
and slowly add oil of turpentine 1 fluid dr., stirring it constantly with 
the pestle; then add slowly again, alcohol 1 fluid dr., and continue to 
stir it as long as any fumes arise from the mixture, then bottle in glass, 
ground stoppered, bottles. It should be a clear red color, like dark 
blood, but if made of poor materials it will be a pale, dirty red, and 
unfit for use. Dose. — To be given by putting 40 drops into a tea-cup 
and rubbing it thoroughly with a tea-spoon of brown sugar, and then 
stir in water until the cup is nearly full, and drink immediately — 
repeat every hour for 3 or 4 hours, but its use should be discontinued 
as soon as no more fresh blood appears. Age does not injure it, but 
a skim forms on top which is to be broken through, using the medicine 
below it. 

This preparation was used for thirty years, with uniform success 
by Dr. James Warren, before he gave it to the public; since then, Dr. 
King, of Cincinnati, author of the Eclectic Dispensatory, has spread 
it, through that work, and many lives have been saved by it. It acts 
by lessening tlie force of the circulation (sedative powder), as also by 
its astringent effects in contact with the bleeding vessels. And the 
probability is that no known remedy can be as safely depended upon 
for more speedy relief, or certainty of cure, especially for the lungs, 
stomach, or nose; but for bleeding from tlie womb, or excessive men- 
struation, I feel to give preference to Prof. Pratt's treatment as shown 
in the recipe for "Uterine Hemorrhages.'* No relaxation from 
business need be required, unless the loss of blood makes it necessary, 
nor other treatment, except if blood has been swallowed, or if the 
bleeding is from the stomach, it would be well to give a mild cathartic. 
Bleeding from the stomach will be distinguished from bleeding from 
the lungs by a sense of weight, or pain, and unaccompanied by cough, 
and discharged by vomiting, and in larger quantities at a time than 



1 66 Dr. Chase's Recipes, 

from the lungs. The blood will be darker also, and often mixed with 
particles of food. 

Exercise in the open air is preferable to Inactivity; and if any 
symptoms of returning hemorrhage sliow themselves, begin with the 
remedy without loss of time, and a reasonable liope of cure may be 
expected. 

2. External Styptic Remedies. —Talie a glazed earthen vessel 
that will stand heat and put into it water, 2i^ pts.; tincture of benzoin, 
2 ozs.; alum, ^ lb., and boil for 6 hours, replacing the water which 
evaporates in boiling, by pouring in boiling water so as not to stop 
the boiling process, constntitly stirring. At the end of the 6 hours it is 
to be filtered or carefully Ftraiiied and bottled, also in glass stoppered 
bottles. Application. — Wet lint and lay upon the w<nuid, binding 
with bandages to prevent the thickened blood, (coagula) from being 
removed from the mouths of the vessels, keeping them in place for 21 
to 48 hours will be sufHcient. 

If any doubt is felt about this remedy, pour a few drops of it into 
a vessel containing human blood — the larger the quantity a'i. W\^ styptic 
the thicker will be the blood mass, until it becomes black and thick. 
Pagliari was the fii-st to introduce this preparation to public notice. — 
Eclectic Dispenisatory. 

3. Styptic Tincture — External Application.— Best brandy, 2 
ozs.; tinely scraped castile soap, 2 drs.; potash, 1 dr.; mix all, and 
shake well when applied. Apply warm by putting lint upon the cut, 
wet with the mixture. 

I have never had occasion to try either of the preparations, but if 
I do, it will be the '* Balsam," or "External Styptic"" first, and if they 
should fail I would try the "Tincture," fori feel that it must stop 
blood, but I am also certain that it would make a sore, aside from the 
cut; yet, better have a sore than lose life, of course. These remedies 
are such, that a physician might pass a lifetime without occasion to 
use, but none the less important to know. 

BRONCHOCELE— Enlarged Neck—To Cure.— Iodide of potassium 
(often called hydriodate of potash) 2 drs.; iodine, 1 dr.; water 23^ ozs., 
mix and shake a. few minutes and pour a little into a vial for internal 
use. Dose. — Five to 10 drops before each meal, to be taken in a little 
water. External Application. — With a feather wet the enlarged 
neck, from the other bottle, night and morning, until well. 

It will cause the scarf skin to peel otf several times before the cure 
is perfect, leaving it tender, but do not omit the application more than 
one day at most, and you may rest assured of a cure, if a cure can be 
performed by any means whatever; many cures have been performed 
by it, and there is no medicine yet discovered which has proved one- 
hundreth part as successful. 

2. Bnt if you are willing to be longer in performing the cure, to 
avoid the soreness, dissolve the same articles in alcoliol, 1 pt. ; and use 
the same way, as above described, i. e., both internal and external. 

PAIN-KILLER— Said to be Perry Davis's.— Alcohol, Iqt.; 



Medical Department. 167 

glim g-uaiac, 1 oz. ; gums myrrh and camphor, and cayenne pulverized, 
of each, 3^ oz. Mix. Shake occasionally for a week or ten days and 
filter or let settle for use. Apply freely to surface pains, or it may be 
taken in tea-spoon doses for internal pains, and repeat according to 
necessities. 

If any one can tell it from its namesake, by its looks or actions, 
we will then acknowledge that the old minister, from whom it was 
obtained, was greatly deceived, although he was perfectly familiar for 
a long time with Mr. Davis, and his mode of preparing the pain-killer. 

POISONS — Antidote. — When it becomes known that a poison has 
been swallowed, stir salt and ground mustard, of each a heaping tea- 
spoon, into a glass of water, and have it drank immediately. It is the 
quickest emetic known. 

It should vomit in one minute. Then give the whites of two or 
three egg9 in a cup or two of the strongest coffee. If no coffee, swallow 
the egg in sweet-cream, and if no cream sweet-milk, if neither, down 
with the egg. 

I have used the mustard with success, in the case of my own child, 
which had swallowed a "Quarter," beyond the reach of the finger, but 
remaining in the throat, which, to all appearances, would have soon 
suffocated him. I first took " granny's plan " of turning the head down 
and patting on the back; failing in this, I mixed a heaping tea-spoon 
of mustard in sufficient water to admit its being swallowed readily; and 
in a minute we had the quarter, dinner, and all; without it, we should 
have had no child. 

I knew the mustard to work well once upon about twenty men in 
a boat-yard, on the Belle River, Newport, Mich. I had been furnish- 
ing them with " Switchel" at twenty cents per bucket, made by putting 
about a pound of sugar, a quart of vinegar, and two or three table- 
spoons of ginger to the bucket of water, with a lump of ice. An old 
man, also in the grocery business, offered to give it to them at eighteen 
pence per bucket, but, by some mistake, he put in mustard instead of 
ginger. They had a general vomit, which made them think that 
cholera had come with the horrors of " Thirty-Two," but as the down- 
ward effects were not experienced, it passed off with great amusement, 
safely estabMshing my custom at the twenty cents per bucket. 

INFLAMMATORY DISEASES.— Description.— Before I attempt 
to speak of the inflammation of particular organs, I shall make a few 
lemarks upon the subject in general, which will throw out the necessary 
light for those not already informed; and I should be glad to extend 
my treatment to all of the particular organs of the body, but the limits 
of the work only allows me to speak of Pleurisy, Inflammation of the 
Lungs, etc, ; yet. Eclectic ideas of inflammation are such, that if we 
can successfully, treat inflammation in one part of the system, (body,) 
we can, with but little modification, succeed with it in all its forms; 
And my general remarks shall be of such a nature as to enable any 



1 68 Dr. Chase's Recipes, 

judicious person to successfully combat with inflammations in every 
part of the system. Then : 

First. — Inflammation is, generally, attended with -pain^ increased 
Jieat^ redness^ and swelling. Some, or all of these signs always accom- 
panying it, according to the structure of the organ affected. 

Second. — The more loose the structure of the organ, the less 
severe will be the pain; and the character of the structure also modifies 
the character of the pain. In mucous membranes, it is burning or 
stinging. In serous membranes it is lancinating, and most usually 
very sharp and cutting. In fibrous structures, it is dull, aching, and 
gnawing. In nervous structures, it is quick, jumping, and most usually 
excruciatingly severe ; and in nearly all structures more or less sore- 
ness is soon present. 

Third. — To make the foregoing information of value, it becomes 
necessary to know the structure of the various parts of the sj^stem. 
Although the ultimate portions of muscle or flesh, as usually called, is 
librous, yet, there is a loose cellular structure blended with it, which 
fills up and rounds the form to its graceful beauty — hence, here, we 
have more swelling, and less severity of pain. With the rose, or red 
of the lips, commences the mucous membrane, which forms the lining 
coat of the mouth, stomach, etc., through the whole alimentary canal, 
also lining the urethra, bladder, ureters, vagina, womb, fallopian 
tubes, etc,, hence the heat always felt in inflammation of these organs. 
The whole internal surface of the cavity of the body is lined by a 
serous membrane, which is also reflected or folded upon the lungs — 
here called pleura, (the side,) hence pleurisy, (inflammation of the 
pleura or side,) and also folded upon the upper side of the diaphragm; 
the diaphragm forming a partition between the upper and lower por- 
tions of the cavity of the body, the upper portion containing the lungs, 
heart, large blood vessels, etc., called the chest, more commonly the 
breast — the lower portion containing the stomach, liver, kidneys, in- 
testines, bladder, etc., called the abdomen — more commonly the bowels. 
The sides of the abdomen are covered with a continuation of ihi's, serous 
membrane, which is also reflected upon the lower side of the dia- 
phragm, liver, stomach, small and large intestines, bladder, etc., — 
here called peritoneum, (to extend around) in all places it secretes 
(furnishes) a moistening fluid enabling one organ of the body to move 
upon itself or other organs without friction. This serous membrane 
is thin, but very firm, hence the sharpness of the pain when it is in- 
flamed, as it cannot yield to the pressure of the accumulating blood. 

Fourth. — The ligaments or bands which bind the different parts 
of the body together at the joints, and the gracefully contracted ends 
of the muscles (called tendons) which pass the joint, attaching them- 
selves to the next bone above, or below, and the wristlet-like bauds 
which are clasped around the joints through which these tendons 



Medical Department, 169 

play, as over a pully, when the joint is bent, are all of a fibrous con- 
struction, hence the grinding or gnawing pains of rheumatism (in- 
flammations), and injuries of, or near joints; and it also accounts for 
that kind of pain in the latter stages of intestinal inflammations, as 
the stomach, intestines, etc., are composed of three coats, tlie external, 
serous, — middle fibrous, internal, mucuous; and when inflammation 
of the external, or internal coats are long continued, it generally in- 
volves the middle — fibrous layer. 

Fifth. — The greatest portion of the substance of the lungs is of 
-fibrous tissue, consequently, dull or obtuse pain only, is experienced 
when inflamed. 

Lastly. — The nervous system, although of a fibrous character is 
so indescribably fine in its structure, that, like the telegraph wire, as 
soon as touched, it answers with a bound, to the call — quick as 
tliought, whether pain or pleasure, jumping, bounding, it goes to the 
grand citadel (the brain) which overlooks tlie welfare of the whole 
temple. 

In general, the intensity of the pain attending inflammations will 
surely indicate the violence of the febrile (sympathetic) reaction; for 
instance, in inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the pain is not very 
severe, consequently not much fever, (reaction); but in inflammation 
of the pleura (pleurisy) the pain is very severe, consequently the febrile 
reaction exceedingly great. 

Causes of Inflammation.— In health, the blood is carried evenly, 
in proportion to the size of the blood vessels, to every part of the body. 
And the vessels (arteries and veins) are proportioned in size to the 
necessity of the system for vitality, nutrition, and reparation. What- 
ever it may be that causes the blood to recede from the surface, or any 
considerable portion of it, will cause inflammation of the weakest por- 
tion of the system ; and whatever will draw the blood unduly to any 
part of the system, will cause inflammation of that part, — for instance, 
cold drives the blood from the surface, consequently, if sufficiently 
long continued, the internal organ least able to bear the accumulation 
of blood upon it will be excited to inflammation — a blow upon any part, 
if sufficiently severe, will cause inflammation of the injured part. Also 
mustard poultices, drafts to the feet, etc., hence the propriety of their 
proper use to draw the blood away from internal organs which are 
inflamed, A check of perspiration is, especially, liable to excite in- 
flammation, and that in proportion to the degree of heat producing the 
perspiration and the length of time which the person may be exposed 
to the cold. The object of knowing the cause of disease is to avoid 
suff"eriug from disease, by keeping clear of its cause; or thereby to 
know what remedy to apply for its cure or relief. 

There is a class of persons who claim that causes will have their 
legitimate 6jfec/!s, physical or moral ; physicians A;/ia«^ that it is absurd 



lyo Dr. Chase's Recipes. 

physically; that is, when philosophically and scientifically combated 
with, — for instance, a person is exposed to cold ; the blood is driven in 
upon the internal organs, and the one which is the least able to bear 
the pressure gives way before the invading enemy, and an inflamma- 
tion is the result; which, if left to itself, will terminate in death; but 
heat and moisture are applied to the constringed surface — the blood is 
brought back and held there, and a cure is speedily effected — the na- 
tural or physical effect of the cause is obviated or avoided. 

Then why should it be thought impossible with God that a moral 
remedy should be provided against moral evils? Thanks be to God, it 
has been provided to the willing and obedient, through our Lord Jesus 
Christ, but only to the willing and obedient, morally as well as physi- 
cally, for if a person will not permit a proper course to be pursued to 
overcome the consequences arising to his body from cold, he must suffer, 
not only the inflammation to go on, but also guilt of mind for neglect- 
ing his known duty. The same is true in either point of view, only It 
looks so curious that there should be those who can reason of physical 
things, but utterly refuse to give up their moral blindness ; the con- 
sequences be upon their own heads. 

Just in proportion to the susceptibility of an organ to take on 
diseased action, is the danger of exposure ; for example, if a person 
has had a previous attack of pleurisy, or inflammation of the lungs, 
those organs, or the one which has been diseased, will be almost certain 
to be again prostrated, usually called relaijse ; which is in most cases, 
ten times more severe than the first attack ; then be very careful about 
exposures when just getting better from these, or other diseases. 

Inflammation terminates by resolution, effusion, suppuration or mor- 
tification. By resolution^ is meant that the parts return to their natural 
condition ; by effusion, that blood may be thrown out from the soft 
parts, or from mucous membranes, — that lymph or serum, a colorless part 
of the blood may be thrown out by serous membranes, which often 
form adliesion.s, preventing the after motions of the affected i^arts — and 
here what wisdom is brought to light, in the fact that whatever is 
thrown out from the mucous surface never, or at least very seldom 
adhere, or grow up; if it did, any part of the alimentary canal from 
the mouth to the stomach, and so on through the intestines, would be 
constantly adhering; so, also of the lungs; for these various organs are 
more frequently affected by inflammations than any other parts of the 
l)otly — by suppuration, when abscesses are formed containing pus 
(matter,) or this may take place upon the surface, when it is usually 
called canker, or corroding ulcers, cancers, etc. ; by gangrene, (mortifi- 
cation,) when death of the parts take place ; in this case, if the part is 
sufficiently extensive, or if it is an internal part, death of the whole 
body, if not relieved, is the result. 

The methods of inflammatory termination is believed to result 



Medical Department. 171 

from the grade of inflammation — for instance, at the circumference of a 
boil, the inflammation is weak, serum is tlirown out; near the centre, 
where the inflammation is a little higher, lymph is poured out and 
adhesion takes place ; next j?it« — at the centre, mortification and con- 
sequent sloughing takes place. 

In hoils, the tendency is to suppuration ; in carbuncles^ the tendency- 
is to mortification ; but in rheumatism, mumps, etc., there is a strong 
tendency to resolution ; and it is often very difficult to avoid these 
natural terminations. 

The five different tissues of the body also modify the inflammation 
according to the tissue inflamed, viz: the cellular (fleshy) tissue, Is 
characterized by great swelling, throbbing pain, and by its suppura- 
ting in cavities — not spreading all over that tissue. Inflammation of the 
serous tissue, has sharp, lancinating pain, scarcely any swelling, but 
much reaction (fever,) throws out lymph, and is very liable to form 
adhesion — not likely to terminate in mortification, except in peritonitis 
(inflammation of the lining membrane of the abdominal cavity,) which 
sometimes terminates thus in a few hours, showing the necessity of 
immediate action. Inflammation of the mucous tissue, is characterized 
by burning heat, or stinging pain, (hence the heat of the stomach, 
bowels, etc.,) — without swelling, not much febrile reaction, and never 
terminates in resolution (health) without a copious discharge of mucous 
as from the nose and lungs, in colds, catarrhs, coughs, etc. Inflamma- 
tion of the dermoid (skin) tissue, as in erysipelas, is characterized by 
burning pain — spreads irregularly over the surface, forming blisters 
containing a yellow serum, but never forms adhesions, nor suppurates 
in cavities, but upon the surface. Inflammation of the fibrous tissue, 
or rheumatic inflammation, is characterized by severe aching or gnaw- 
ing pain — is not liable to terminate in suppuration nor mortification — 
nearly always throwing out a gelatinous serum, often causing stiff"- 
joints, 01- depositing earthy matter, as in gout — is peculiarly liable to 
change its place, being very dangerous if it changes many of the vital 
organs, as the brain, heart, stomach, etc., and in the acute form the 
febrile reaction is usually quite severe. Internal inflammation will be 
known by the constant pain of the inflamed part, by the presence of 
fever, which does not generally attend a spasmodic or nervous pain, 
and by the position chosen by the patient, to avoid pressure upon the 
afflicted organs. 

Inflammation is known under two heads, acute and chronic. The 
first is generally rapid and violent in its course and characteristics. 
The last is usually the result of the first, — is more slow and less dan- 
gerous in its consequences. 

Treatment. — Sound philosophy (Eclecticism) teaches, that if 
cold has driven the blood (consequently the heat) from the surface, 
heat will draw it back; and thus relieve the internal engorgements 



172 Dr. Chase's Recipes, 

(over-full organs) and If held there, sufficiently long, entirely cure the 
difficult}'' (inflammation), upon the same ground, if a person is cold, 
warm him; if wet and cold, warm and dry him; if hot, cool him; if 
dry and hot wet and cool him — equalize the circulation and pain or 
disease cannot exist. 

The foregoing remarks must suffice for general directions; but the 
following special application to 'pleurisy and inflammation of the lungs 
shall be sufficiently explicit to enable all to make their general appli- 
cations: 

2. Plenrisy. — Pleurisy is an hifl^ammation of the serous mem- 
brane enveloping (covering) the lungs, which is also reflected (folded) 
upon the parieties (sides or walls) of the chest, (but I trust all will 
make themselves familiar with the description of "Inflammation in 
General," before they proceed with the study of pleurisy,) attended 
with sharp lancinating pain in the side, difficult breathing, fever, with 
a quick, full, and hard pulse, usually commencing with a chill. In 
many cases the inflammation, consequently the pain, is confined"to 
one point, most commonly about the short ribs; but often gradually 
extends towards the shoulder and forward part of the breast; the pain 
increasing and often becoming very violent. It may not, but usually 
is attended with cough, and the expectoration is seldom mixed with 
blood, or very free, but rather of a glairy or mucous character. As 
the disease advances, the pain is compared to a stab with a sharp in- 
strument, full breathing not being indulged, from its increasing the 
difficulty; the cough also aggravates the pain; great prostration of 
strength, the countenance expressing anxiety and suffering. The 
breathing is short, hurried, and catching, to avoid increase of pain; 
in some cases the cough is only slight. It may be complicated with 
inflammation of the lungs, or bronchial tubes, and if so complicated, 
the expectoration will be mixed or streaked with blood. Yet it makes 
but very little diflbrence, as the treatment is nearly the same— with 
the exception of expectorants, quite the same ; although expectorants 
are not amiss in pleurisy, but absolutely necessary in inflammation of 
the lungs. Even Mackintosh, of the " Regulars," says: «* It must be 
recollected that pneumonia," (inflammation of the lungs,) "and 
pleuritis," (pleurisy,) "frequently co-exist," (exist together); "but 
neither is that circumstance of much consequence, being both in- 
flammatory diseases, and requiring the same general remedies." But 
there I stop with him, for I cannot go the bleeding, calomel, and an- 
timonj^ I have quoted his words to satisfy the people that the '* Reg- 
ulars" acknowledge the necessity of a similar treatment in all in- 
flammatory diseases, the difference between the two branches of the 
profession, existing onlv in the remedies used. 

Causes of Pleurisy.— Cold, long applied, constringes (makes 
smaller) the capillaries (hair-like blood vessels) which cover as a net- 



Medical Department 173 

work the whole surface, impairing the circulation, driving the blood 
internally, causing congestion (an unnatural accumulation of blood) 
upon the pleura, hence pleurisy. Exposures to rains, especially cold 
rains, cold, wet feet, recession (striking in) of measles, scarlet fever, 
rheumatism, etc., often cause inflammation of this character. 

Indications. — Relax the whole surface, which removes the ob- 
structions — restore, and maintain, an equal circulation, and the work 
is accomplished. The temperature of the surface and extremities is 
much diminished, showing that the blood has receded (gone) to the 
internal diseased organs, the temperature of which is much increased; 
for with the blood goes the vitality (heat) of the body. This condition 
of the system clearly indicates the treatment, viz. : the application of 
heat to the surface in such a way as to be able to keep it there until 
nature is again capable of carrying on her own work, in her own way. 

Treatment. — It has been found that the quickest and least 
troublesome way in which heat could be applied to the whole surface, 
is by means of burning alcohol, formerlj'- called a **Rum Sweat," be- 
cause rum was stronger than at present, and more plenty than alcohol; 
but now alcohol is the most plenty, and much the strongest and 
cheapest. It should always be in the house, (the 98 per cent.,) ready 
for use as described under the head of "Sweating with Burning Al- 
cohol," (which gee), or if it is day time, and fires are burning, you can 
give the vapor bath sweat, by placing a pan, half or two-thirds full of 
hot water, under the chair, having a comforter around you; then put- 
ting into it occasionally a hot stone or brick, until a free perspiration is 
produced and held for from 15 to 30 minutes, according to the severity 
of the case; and if this is commenced as soon as the attack is fairly 
settled upon the patient, in not more than one case out of ten will it be 
necessary to do anything more; but if fairly established, or if of a day 
or two's standing, tlien, at the same time you are administering the 
sweat, place the patient's feet in water as hot as it can be borne ; have 
also a strong tea made of equal parts of pleurisy-root and catnip, (this 
root is also called white root — doctors call it asclepias tuberosa)— into 
a saucer of this hot tea put 2 tea-spoons of the "Sweating Drops," 
drinking all at one time, repeating the dose every hour for 5 or 6 
hours, using only I tea-spoon of the drops at other times, except the 
first, giving tiie tea freely once or twice between doses. As soon as 
the sweating is over, place the patient comfortably in bed, so as to 
keep up the perspiration from 6 to 12 hours, or until the pain and un- 
easiness yield to the treatment. If necessary, after the patient takes 
the bed, place bottles of hot water to the feet and along the sides, or 
hot bricivs, or stones wrapped with flannel wet with vinegar, to help 
keep up the perspiration. Mustard may also be placed over the seat of 
pain, and upon the feet, also rubbing the arms and legs with dry 
flannel, which very much aids the process when the attack is severe. 
If the pain continues severe, and perspiration is hard to maintain, steep 
cayenne, or common red peppers, in spirits and rub the whole surface 
with it, well and long, and I will assure the blood to come out soon 
and see what is going on externally. Keep the patient well covered 
all the time, and avoid drafts of cold air. As the painful symptoms 
begin to subside, the doses of medicine maybe lessened, and the time 
between doses lengthened, until the disease is fairly under control ; 
then administer a dose of the "Vegetable Physic," or some other 



174 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 

catliartic, if preferred, or if that is not at hand, this course may be 
repeated or modified to meet returning or changing symptoms. 

Wetting the surface daily, with alcohol and water, equal parts, 
will be found an excellant assistant in treating any disease, especially 
internal inflammations, as Pleurisy, Inflammation of the Lungs, Con- 
sumption, Bronchitis, etc., etc. 

The pleurisy root is almost a specific in pleurisy or inflammation 
of the lungs; no other known root or herb is equal to it for producing 
and keeping up perspiration, (druggists usually keep it,); but if it 
cannot be got, pennyroyal, sage, etc., or one of the mints, must be 
used in its place. The only objection to the foregoing treatment is 
this, the doctors say : 

Heigh ! I guess he wasn't very sick ; 

For see ! he's round in *' double quick " ; 

But allopath holds 'em for weeks, six or seven, 

When bleeding, calomel, and antimony are given. 
To illustrate: I awoke one night with severe pain in the left side, 
(I had been exposed to cold during the afternoon,) could not move or 
draw a full breath without very much increasing the diflftculty; the 
night was cold and fires all down ; I studied my symptoms for a few 
minutes, and also reflected upon the length of time which must elapse, 
if I waited for fires to be built; then awoke my wife, saying do not be 
frightened, I have an attack of Pleurisy ; you will get me a comforter, 
saucer, and the alcohol, and return to bed without disturbing any one ; 
with persuasion, or almost compulsion, she did so; for she desired to 
build a fire and make a more thorough work of it; but I had made up 
my mind, and resolved to carry out the experiment upon myself, and 
now had the only chance. I arose and poured the saucer nearly full 
of alcohol, and set it on fire ; wrapping the comforter around me, I sat 
down upon the chair, over it, and continued to sit until the alcohol 
was all burned out, and I in a most profuse perspiration ; the pain and 
difficult breathing having nearly all subsided ; I then returned to bed, 
the perspiration continuing for some considerable time longer, by re- 
taining the comforter around me to avoid checking it as I returned to 
bed, during which time I again fell asleep. When I awoke in the 
morning I could just realize a little pain, or rather uneasiness, upon 
taking a full breath, but did nothing more, being very careful about 
exposure, however, through the day; but at bed time I took another 
alcohol sweat, and that was the last of the pleurisy. 

Again : Mr. , a medical student rooming in the same house 

where I "lived, awoke in the night, attacked with pleurisy the same as 
myself, after exposure; but as he was attending the lectures of allo- 
pathic professors, of course he must have one of them to attend him ; 
one was called, three pints of blood were taken, colomel and antimony 
were freely given; and in about three or four days the disease gave 
way to time, or the treatment; but a calomel-diarrhea set in, and came 
very near terminating his life, and kept him from college and his 



Medical Department 175 

studies over six weeks; and he said if lie was ever calomelized again, 
he would prosecute the doer to the end of his life, but he graduated in 
that school of medicine, and no doubt is now expecting to go and do 
the same thing. Choose ye your servant. Shall he be reason, with 
common-sense results, or shall he be silver-slippered fashion, with his 
health-destroying policy ? It need not be argued that these were not 
parallel cases, for I had the pleurisy when young, and was treated in 
the fashionable style, and was constantly liable to, and had frequent 
attacks of it, during my earlier life. 

In chronic cases, which sometimes occur, and frequently under 
other treatment, it will be necessary not only to use the foregoing treat- 
ment, but to add to it an emetic about once a week, alternating with 
the sweating process, with much external friction, occasionally, with 
the pepper and spirits, to hold the blood to the surface. 

Since the first publication of the foregoing, I have seen a statement 
going the rounds of the " papers," that a bad case of burning had taken 
place in New York, by the alcohol process of sweating, calling it new; 
but it has been in use more than. forty years; I have used it, I speak 
safely, more than a hundred times, und never before heard of its injur- 
ing any one; but still it is possible that some accident may have oc- 
curred in its use, or that some one has undertaken it who was not 
capable of prescribing ; but if calomel could claim one year's use under 
its most accomplished prescribers with only one case of injury, I would 
say, let it be continued ; but in place of one, it is hundreds ; further 
comment is unnecessary. 

But those who prefer, or from the absence of alcohol, or other 
necessities, can take " grandmother's plan," i. e., place the feet into 
hot water, and drink freely of pennyroyal, sage, or other hot leas for 
fifteen or twenty minutes; then get into bed, continuing the teas for 
a short time, remaining in bed for a few hours; which, if commenced 
soon after the attack of colds, or even more severe diseases, will, in 
nine out often cases, not only relieve, but prevent days, perhaps weeks, 
of inconvenience and suftering. 

Where there are complications of the substance of the lungs, you 
will find explanations under the next head. 

3. Inflammation ol the Lung's — Is usuall}-, by physicians, called 
Pneumonia, from the Greek, Fneumon^ the Lungs. It may involve 
the whole lung, on one or both sides, but is more generally confined 
to one side, and to the lower portion, than to the whole lung. 

Causes. — Exposure to cold, wet, cold feet, drafts of air, especially 
if in a perspiration, recession of eruptive diseases, etc., and conse- 
quently more liable to come on in the winter, or cold, wet changes of 
spring, than at any other time ; and upon those whose lungs are debil- 
itated by previous attacks, or are predisposed to, or actually suffering 
under disease. 



176 Dr, Chase's Recipes. 

Symptoms. — Inflammation of the Lungs, like other diseases of an 
inflammatory character, nearly always commences with a chill, soon 
followed by fever, more or less violent, according to which the sever- 
ity of the case may be somewhat predetermined, unless of a congestive 
character; in which case, instead of a hot and fevered surface, there 
will be a cold, clammy feel to the hand, as well as unpleasant to the 
patient. There will be difficulty in taking full breaths, as well as an 
increased number of breaths to the minute, which in healthy persons is 
generally about twenty. Dull pain, with a tightness of the chest, 
short and perpetual hacking cough, scanty expectoration, which is 
tough, and sticks to the vessel used as a spittoon, and is more or less 
streaked with blood, or more like iron rust in color, and may have so 
much blood in it as to make it a brighter red. The pulse is variable, 
so much so that but little confidence can be placed in it. The tongue 
soon becomes dry and dark ; but a dry and glossy tongue, with early 
delirium, are considered dangerous symptoms, that is, under "Old 
School treatment." But with our rational treatment we very seldom 
have a fatal termination, yet it is occasional, and really wonderful that 
it is not more frequent, when we take into account the neglect of some 
physicians and imprudence of many patients. 

Indications. — As the blood has receded from the surface and 
centered upon the lungs, the indications are to return it to its original 
vessels, by judiciously applying heat and moisture, whch is sure to 
relax their constringed condition, instead of cutting a hole and letting 
it runout, (bleeding,) which prostrates the patient and retards his 
recovery. 

Treatment.— The treatment for Inflammation of the Lungs in 
recent cases, will be, at first, the same as for "Pleurisy," that is, to 
produce free perspiration — soak the feet in hot water while administer- 
ing the " Alcohol Sweat." or Vapor Bath, as there directed, with the 
white-root tea and " Sweating Drops," for sevei-al hours, with bottles 
of hot water or hot bricks to the feet and sides, mustard-drafts to the 
feet also, as they can be borne; and after 6 or 8 hours, the " Vegeta- 
ble," or other cathartic should be administered, and great care not to 
expose the patient to drafts of air during its operation, especially if in 
perspiration. If this course is faithfuily'persevered in, it will call the 
blood to the surface — prevent congestion of the lungs (unnatural 
accumulation of blood) — lessen the fever, ease the pain, and aid expec- 
toration. But if the expectoration becomes diflicult, and the disease 
should not seem to yield in from 8 to 13 hours at farthest, or by the 
time the cathartic has freely operated, then, or soon after, give the 
"Eclectic," or "Lobelia-seed Emetic," as directed under that head ; 
and if called to a case which is already confirmed, it is best to begin 
with the emetic, then follow up as above directed in recent cases. An 
expectorant in confirmed (established) cases, will be needed. Let it 
be composed of tincture of lobelia, 1 oz. ; tincture of ipecac, 3^ oz. ; tinc- 
ture of blood- root, 14 oz. ; simple syrup or molasses, 2 ozs. ; mix. 
Dose. — One tea-spoon every 2 houi'S, alternately with the white-root 
tea and "Sweating Drops,'' excei)t the first dose may be 2 tea-spoons. 
The case must then be watched carefully ; and any part or all of the 



Medical Department, lyy 

treatment may be repeated, lessened, increased, or modified to suit 
returning or remaining symptoms. 

Persons liaving tliis book in the house, and being governed by it, 
having also the leading medicines on hand, and commencing with this 
disease, or inflammation of any other organs, modifying the treatment 
by common sense, according to the remarks on " General Inflamma- 
tion," will not have to repeat the course in one case out of ten. 

In inflammation of the stomachy known by heat, according to the 
degree of the inflammation, drinks of slippery-elm water, or mucilage 
of gum arable, etc., may be freely taken ; and in inflammation of 
other organs, other modifications will be required ; as for Dysentery, 
which is an inflammation of the large intestines, the '* Injection " must 
be freely used, as also the perspiring processes, in all cases. 

In chronic inflammation, the emetic should be given once a week; 
and some other time during the week, the sweating should be gone 
through also, with dry frictions to the whole surface, by means of a 
coarse towel, for fifteen to twenty minutes each time, twice daily ; 
and if the feet are habitually cold, wash them in cold water and wipe 
them dry, at bed time, then rub them with a coarse cloth or the dry 
hand until they are perfectly warm and comfortable : and it may be 
expected that these long-standing cases will soon yield to this rational 
course. 

FEMALE DEBILITY AlfD IRREGULARITIES.— It is a self- 
evident fact that the finer the work, and the more complicated a piece 
of machinery, the more liable it is to become deranged, or out of 
order ; and the more skillful must be the mechanic who undertakes to 
make any necessary repairs. 

Upon this consideration I argue that the system of the female is 
the finer and more complicated, having to perform a double work, 
(child bearing,) yet confined to the same or less dimensions than the 
male. And to perform this double function of sustaining her own 
life, and giving life to her species, it becomes necessary in the wisdom 
of God to give her such a peculiar formation, that between the ages of 
fifteen and forty-five, or the child-hearing period^ she should have a 
sanguineous, monthly fiow, called by various names, as monthly 
periods, menstruation, menses, catamenia, courses, etc., etc. 

Why it should have been so arranged, or necessary, none can 
tell. We are left to deal with the simple fact ; and it would be just as 
wise in us to say that it was not so, as to say there was no one who 
'jplanned it, because we cannot see and fully understand the reason why 
it is so. This flow varies in amount from one to three, four, or five 
ounces, lasting from three to four or five days only when usual health 
is enjoyed. And as this book will fall into the hands of very many 
families who will have no otlier medical work for reference upon this 
subject, it will not be amiss for me to give the necessary instructions 



178 Dr, Chase's Recipes, 

here, that all may be able to qualify themselves to meet the exigencies 
(demand) of all cases. A day or two previous to the commencement 
of these periods, for the first time, an uneasiness often amounting to 
pain, in the parti, is felt, with sense of heaviness also in the womb — 
lying in the lower part of the abdomen. 

Some females are very nervous at these periods, others have a 
flushed face, accompanied with dizziness and headache, sickness at the 
stomach, etc. In young girls these new feelings produce uneasiness 
for want of knowledge as to their cause and result, and should lead 
them to seek maternal advice and counsel, unless they have some 
book of this kind which explains the whole matter. And it would 
certainly be advisable, in all cases, for girls to not only seek such 
advice from the mother, or lady with whom they may be living, but 
be guided by it also. And although, with many girls there may be 
uneasiness in the mammae, often amounting to real pain, yet no real 
danger need be apprehended ; for these unpleasant sensations will 
continue and increase in severity, until in healthy young females there 
will be what is known as a "s/iotr," which will aftbrd immediate 
relief, not from the quantity of the flow, at the first few periods, but 
from the fact that the organs peculiar to the female have accomplished 
their mysterious work. Ordinarily these periods begin at about fif- 
teen years of age, some earlier or later even as much as a year, and 
sometimes niore. With girls who take an active part in the labors of 
the house, freely romping, pla5ing, etc., their health and strength 
becoming fully developed thereby, these periods come on a little ear- 
lier, and arc more healthy and regular. 

Allow me here to give a word of caution about taking cold at this 
period. It is very dangerous. I knew a young girl, who had not been 
instructed by her mother upon this subject, to be so afraid of being 
found with this show upon her apparel, which she did not know the 
meaning of, that she went to a brook and washed herself and clothes 
— took cold, and immediately became insane — remaining so as long as 
I knew her. Any mother who so neglects her duty to her child, in 
not explaining these things, nor by putting a work of this kind into 
her hands, runs the risk of injury to her daughter that may never be 
remedied, even with the best treatment, after the harm is done. 

After this flow takes place, the unpleasant feelings usually sub- 
side, and the health again becomes good for the month, when all of 
the foregoing sensations recur again, with a larger flow and longer 
continued, recurring every four weeks, and is then called menses, etc., 
etc. 

This function of the female system, from the fineness and com- 
plication of the structures, is very liable to become deranged in var- 
ious ways. 

It may be partially suppressed or entirly stopped, called amenor- 



Medical Department, 179 

rhea ; it may be painful or imperfect, dysmenorrhea ; it may be very 
free or excessive, menorrhagia, (like hemorrhage, for the treatment 
of which see recipe for Uterine Hemorrhage, in another part of the 
book,); or it may be irregular in its recurrence and duration, or a 
continual glairy flow, which indicates an inflammation of the parts, 
leucorrhea. 

But as this monthly flow is absolutely necessary to health, between 
these periods of life, say fifteen to forty-five, its suppression, pain- 
fulness, excessiveness, or irregularity, will soon produce general debil- 
ity. 

Causes. — The female organism is such that what afifects the gen- 
eral system of the male much more frequently affects the organs 
peculiar to her system only. No reason can be given for it except the 
wisdom of the Creator, and the necessities of her construction. But 
this debility and irregularity are so interwoven together that what 
causes one must necessarily affect the other. 

In the good old grandmother-days, when girls helped with the 
work of the household, warm but loose clothing, plain food, good 
thick-soled shoes, and absence of novels, to excite the passions, etc., 
such a thing as a feeble, debilitated woman or girl was seldom known ; 
but now sedentary habits, stimulating food, every conceivable unphys- 
lological style of dress, paper-soled shoes, checking perspiration, 
excitable reading, repeated colds by exposure going to and from par- 
ties, thinly clad, standing by the gate talking with supposed friends 
(real enemies) when they ought to be by the fire or m bed, all tend to 
general debility ; and the real wonder is that there is not more debility 
than there is. 

The very word debility shows plainly the leading symptom, weak- 
ness. She appears pale, especially about the lips, nose, etc., with a 
bluish circlo about the eyes, which appear rather sunken ; she feels 
dull, languid, and drowsy, stomach ont of order, nausea, often with 
fluttering about the heart; the nervous system sometimes becoming so 
much involved as to bring on fits of despondency leading many to 
commit suicide. The feet and limbs frequently become swollen, rest- 
less in sleep, often craving unnatural food, as clay, soft stones, etc. 
There may also be a sensation of bearing down, or even falli7ig ot the 
womb, as it is called, (prolapsus uteri,) which is much the most common 
among the married. The bowels are usually costive, often griping 
pains, which cause much suffering. Pains in the head and back also ; 
but instead of being looked upon as unfavorable, they rather show 
that nature is trying to accomplish her work, and needs the assistance 
of rational remedies. 

It is not to be supposed that every patient will experience all of 
these symptoms, at one time, or all of the time, but they commence as 
pointed out, and if allowed to go on without proper correction, they 



i8o Dr, Chase' s Recipes, 

will increase in severity until they may be all experienced in a 
greater or less degree. 

Indications. — The symptoms indicate (point out) the treatment; 
that is, if there is debility, tonics are required; paleness shows that 
the blood has become deficient in iron ; and the softness of the flesh 
indicates that a more nutritious diet is needed. The dullness and 
drowsy languidness indicate the necessity of out-door, active exercise. 
Travel, or agreeable home company, to ramble over hill and dale, 
resting as often and as long as may be necessary, not to tire, but 
sufficient to create an appetite and aid digestion — using, once a week, 
any gentle cathartic to move the bowels once or twice only at each 
time, with the " Timtc Wine Tincture,'''' given in another part of this 
work, or the iron and ginger^ given below, as deemed best or most 
convenient to obtain. 

In cases of inflamraation of these organs, known by a glairy flow, 
cooling and astringent injections are called for, both as an act of 
cleanliness, as also of cure. In cases where the womb has fallen — 
settled low in the pelvis — the necessity is shown for a j)essary support, 
until the general treatment relieves the difficulty. Costiveness points 
out laxatives, whilst nature's efforts, shown by pains in the head, 
back, etc., call for the whole general remedies above pointed out; and 
which shall be a little more particularized in the following: 

Treatment. — For the weakness and general debility of the 
patient, let the '* Tonic Wine Tincture" be freely taken in connection 
with iron, to strengthen and invigorate the system; beth-root, (often 
called birth-root, Indian balm, ground lily, etc.,) the root is the part 
used, Solomon's seal and Colombo, spikenard, comfrey, gentian, the 
roots, with camomile flowers, of each, 1 oz. ; with a little white-oak 
bark, may be added to the wine tincture, to adapt it to these particular 
cases, taking a wine-glass, if it can be borne, from 3 to 5 times daily. 
Domestic wine can be used in place of the Port, in making the tonic 
wine tincture. 

1. A very good way to take iron, is to go to a blacksmith and 
have him take a piece of nail-rod, a foot or two in length, and heat 
it, letting it cool in the cinders of the forge, which softens it; then 
have him file it all up for you, saving the filings on a piece of paper, 
with which filings mix as much ground ginger, rubbing them thor- 
oughly together. Dose. — Half of a tea-spoon three times daily, in a 
little honey or molasses. The natural action of the iron upon the 
system will be to make the stools dark, or nearly black, so do not be 
fearful about that condition; for, without it, we should not be sure of 
the desired action of the iron. Let the use of the iron be kept up for 
two or three months at least, or until health is obtained. 

In places where it may be difficult to get the iron filings, given in 
No. 1, the sweet liquor of the protoxide of iron, kept by druggists, 
the technical name of which is Liq. Ferri Protoxide Dulc, may be 
used in place of that, a dose of which will be about one tea-spoon 



Medical Department. i8i 

three times daily, just after meals. I have prescribed this preparation 
with very great success, continuing its use, in one very bad case, 
nearly a year. 

With the above treatment, let there be a warm bath taken, once 
a week, putting into the water a quart or two of weak lye, made by 
putting a fire-shovel or two of wood ashes into the water and stirring 
up well, and let stand a while, then pour off into the bathing water. 
Castile soap will do about as well, but common soap is not as good. 
Wash well, and wipe off the water from the body, then with a dry 
coarse towel have some one to rub the whole body and limbs briskly 
until the surface glows with warmth and comfort. 

For diet, moderate quantities of broiled pork, broiled beef, baked 
beef or mutton, wild game, etc., baked or broiled, with bread baked 
at least the day before, roast or baked potatoes, with but little butter, 
unless very nice, or just made, then, not very freely. This treatment, 
and diet, will soon overcome the softness of the flesh, and give 
strength for the necessary exercise, which will remove the dullness 
and drowsy, languid feelings. The exercise may be labor about the 
house, but better to be out of doors, as gardening, romping, swing- 
ng, singing and riding, or running, when it can be borne, with 
agreeable company, travel, etc. The following pill will be found a 
gentle and excellent cathartic, or laxative; 

2. Female Laxative Pill. — Aloes, macrotin, and cream-of-tartar, 
of each, 2 drs. ; podophyllin and ground ginger, 1 dr. each; make into 
common sized pills by using oil of peppermint, 15 to 20 drops, and 
thick solution of gum arable mucilage. Dose. — One pill at bed time, 
or two if found necessary, and sufficiently often to keep the bowels 
just in a solvent condition, but not less often than once a week. 

If the aloes should not agree with any, they may use the fol- 
lowing . 

3. Female Laxative and Anodyne Pill. — Macrotin and rhubarb, 
of each. 10 grs.; extract of hyoscyamus, 10 grs. ; Castile soap, 40grs. ; 
scrape the soap, and mix well together, forming into common sized 
pills with gum solution, as in the above recipe. Dose. — One pill, as 
the other, or sufficiently often to keep the bowels solvent, but not too 
loose. The hyoscyamus tends to quiet the nerves without constipating 
the bowels. 

8ome females are always troubled with pains, to a greater or less 
degree, in the commencement of these periods, and some through the 
whole period. The following pill will be found very soothing and 
quieting to the nervous system of all such persons: 

4. Pill for Painful Menstruation— Anodyne.— Extract of stra- 
monium and sulphate of quinine, of eacli, 16 grs.; macrotin,* 8 grs.; 
morphine, 1 gr. ; make into 8 pills. Dose. — One pill, repeating once 
or twice only, 40 minutes to an hour apart, if the pain does not sub- 
side. If the pain subsides, there is no need of repeating the dose. 

* Note.— Macrotin, podophyllin, etc., are kept by all Eclectic physicians, 
and should be kept by all druggists. 



I 82 Dr. Chase s Recipes. 

The advantage of this pill is that costiveness is not increased, and pain 
must subside under its use. 

5. Tea — Injection for Leucorrhea. — In cases of leucorrhea which 
continue any length of time, the following decoction will be found 
very valuable as an injection: 

The inner bark of the common hemlock tree, and the leaves and 
bark of the witch-hazel, sometimes called spotted-alder, an ounce of 
each, will make a quart of the decoction, a little of which, with a 
female syringe, should be injected, morning and evening, while in a 
recumbent position. 

If the case does not yield to the above in a few days, then use a 
little of the following, in the same way: 

6. Injection for Leucorrhea. — White vitriol and sugar of lead, 
of each, 10 grs. ; common salt, lo;)f sugar and pulverized alum, of 
each, 5 grs.; soft water, 1 pt. Simmer all over a slow tire for ten or 
fifteen minutes; when cool, strain and bottle, keeping well corked. 
When desired to use, pour out about half as much as needed, and put 
an equal amount of soft water with it, and inject, as of the above. It 
maj^ be reduced with more soft water if there should t)e sufficient 
intlammation to cause much uneasiness. A little uneasiness is ex- 
pected, however, and necessary. 

7. In cases of permanent falling of the womb, a good pessary 
may be made of a piece of fine, firm sponge, cut to a proper size to 
admit, when damp, of being j>laced in the vagina, to hold the womb 
to its place. The sponge should have a stout piece of small cord sewed 
two or three times through its center, and left of sufficient length to 
aid in its removal, morning and evening, for the purpose of cleansing 
it, using the necessary injections, etc. After having injected either 
No. 5 or 6 of the above, as thought preferable, the sponge having 
been thoroughly washed and pressed dr}^ it will be again introduced 
sufficiently high to hold the womb in place. Remembering, however, 
in almost all of these cases of falling of the womb, that the patient 
will find it necessary to keep the bed until well, or very much 
relieved. 

One thing is very evident in these cases of debility: the blood is 
deficient in iron ; consequently that article should enter largely into 
any medicine intended for its relief; and in most cases the iron filings 
and ginger, or the sweet liquor, will be found, continued for two or 
three months, all the medicine required ; and the iron must not be 
omitted in any case whatever. Iron is the main-spoke in these female 
wheels, and very valuable in general debility of males as well as 
females. 

For real hemorrhage, which may be known by the coagulation 
(clotting) of the blood, as the menstrual flow does not coagulate, see 
"Uterine Hemorrhage," or the "Styptic Balsam," but for profuse or 
long continued flowing or wasting, use the following: 

§. Powder for Excessive Flooding. — Gums kino and catechu, of 
each, 1 dr ; sugar of lead and alum, of each, )^ dr.; pulverize all, and 



Medical Department, i8t 

thoroughly mix, then divide into 7 to 10-grain powders. Dose.— One 
every 2 to 3 hours, until checked; then less often, merely to control 
the flow. 

If any female, into whose hands this book shall come, will care- 
fully study and use the foregoing rational remarks and prescriptions, 
and is not an hundred times better pleased with the results than she 
would have been by calling half of the physicians of the day, I should 
be very much disappointed, and I would be sure that the remedies did 
not have their common effects, which, I feel, will not be the case, from 
the great good they have already done, many times. Besides, they 
save the delicacy of exposures, in many instances; and they will al- 
ways save the delicacy of conversing with and explaining their various 
feelings and conditions, to one of the opposite sex. So highly impor- 
tant is this fact, that the information should become general — every 
girl, old or young, ought to be furnished with "Dr. Chase's Recipes," 
and also receive all the additional instruction that a mother's experience 
can give her. 



APPENDIX TO MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

BY THE PUBLISHER. 

APOPLEXY. — It is a sudden deprivation of all the senses, and of 
voluntary motion, g:enerally the eflect of compression of the brain; 
which, when produced by an effusion of blood, or a distention of the 
internal vessels of the head, from an accumulation of blood, is termed 
Sanguineous Apoplexy ; and when caused by an effusion of serum^ 
which occurs chiefly in dropsical habits, Serous Apoplexy. 

Apoplexy — Sanguineous. — The short necked, the indolent, great 
eaters, and great drinkers, are its victims! The fit is generally pre- 
ceded by a sense of weight in the head, and giddiness; frequent head- 
ache; bleeding at the nose; redness of the eyes; imperfect vision; 
ringing in the ears; numbness in the extremities; weakness of the 
knees; faltering of the voice; drowsiness, and disturbed sleep. It is 
brought on by whatever hurries the circulation, so as to increase the 
afflux of blood into the vessels of the head; such as violent exercises; 
passions of the mind; much straining; whatever impedes the free 
return of blood from the head; as a tight ligature, or handkerchief 
around the neck; or lying with tlie head lower than the chest. 

If the fit has lasted long, L e., two or three days; if the breathing 
is very laborious and loud; if tlie patient is far advanced in life; it is 
probable that the disease will prove fatal. A second attack is always 
of more danger than a first; and when apoplexy comes upon a patient 
who has had frequent attacks of epilepsy, it very commonly proves 
fatal. 

Treatment. — Remove the cause, that is, pressure upon the brain 
— apply blisters to the head, and also between the shoulders — and 
lessen the determination of the blood to the head by increasing the 
circulation in the extremities, i. e., stimulating the feet and hands by 
mustard poultices, and by emptying the lower intestines by a clyster, 
made of cpsom salts, castor oil, salt and aloes. Also give sudorifics, 
or medicines to promote sweat. If the attack takes place soon after a 
full meal, an emetic should be given— lobelia. Keep the body nearly 
in an erect posture to promote the return of the blood from the head. 

Apoplexy — Serous. — Compression of the brain, producing apo- 
plexy, is seldom caused by an effusion of the serous part of the blood. 
When it occurs in a dropsical person, it may be referred to an eflusion 
of serum, which will require the aforesaid means. Cordials are 
proper and may be given. It is in consequence of extreme debility of 
the system, and generally terminates in death. Give emetics of 
ipecacuanha and tartarized antimony, blisters to the head, mustard 
poultices to the legs and feet, sharp purges, diffusive stimulants of 
ammonia, castor oil, assafoetida, valerian, and electricity passed 
through the head. 

Prevention of Apoplexy. — Avoid intoxicating drinks, keep 
the feet dry and warm, take plenty of exercise, eat sparingly, sleep 



Appendix to Medical Department. 185 

with the head higher than the trunk, prevent constipation, wash the 
head and sponge the cliest every morning in cold water. 

For the treatment of apoplexy, the following hints have been 
collected from the works of the most eminent physicians: 

Remove all compression from every part of the body; immerse 
the legs in warm water and mustard foi- 10 minutes, applying friction 
at the same time; bathe the whole surface with the diluted tincture of 
cayenne; avoid bleeding; put a mustard plaster between the shoul- 
ders; if possible, let a brisk purgative be administered, for evacuation 
is necessary to unload the bowels and stomach, and therefore tlie 
pressure on the brain. Blood-letting in apoplexy aggravates the cere- 
bral congestion. Prof. Recamier says, " I have not the least evidence 
that blood-letting has the smallest power to diminish the violence or 
duration of an apopletic paroxysm; nay, I have every reason to 
believe that it so far weakens the powers of reaction as to prove fatal, 
or greatly to retard the cure." Apply cold water to the head, and hot 
water to the feet, if slight symptom's begin to appear. At first do it 
slightly, and increase the application gradually. This will force back 
the blood from the upper to the lower extremities through the heart, 
and lemove the disease. The whole secret of treatment consists in 
equalizing the circulation. 

ASTHMA. — This disease is well known. It manifests itself in 
temporary fits of difficult breathing, is accompanied with wheezing, 
cough, a sense of suftbcation, and constriction of the chest. The 
cause; hereditary predisposition ; cold and moist atmosphere; sudden 
changes of temperatui-e; intense study; suppression of long accus- 
tomed evacuations; certain fevers; irritation of the air cells of the 
lungs, by aerial acrimony, or other causes; irritation of the stomach, 
etc., etc. 

When this disease is attended with expectoration, it is called 
humoral asthma; and when there is no discharge, it is named dry 
asthma. It is remarkable, that what will excite the disease in one 
patient, will often prove a means of relieving it in another. This 
peculiarity is shown in the eight pair of nerves, branches of which go 
to the lungs and stomach. When these branches are in a state of mor- 
bid excitement, or irritation, the muscles concerned in conveying air 
from the lungs become contracted so as to limit the expansion of the 
chest, and by retarding the circulation of the blood through the lungs, 
the blood becomes surcliarged with carbon, causing a dark appearance 
of the lips, etc. 

Asthma may be distinguished from pulmonary consumption, by 
the former being attended not only with fits of difficult breathing, but 
with violent fits of suttbcation; whereas, in consumption the patient 
has only shortness of breath on motion. Asthma also more generally 
attacks persons in advanced life. 

If the system is much debilitated, so that swelling of the legs, 
great oppression of breathing, and florid countenance, are predom- 
inant symptoms, a more powerful tonic is requisite: 

Tincture of rhatany, 6 ozs. ; ammonia, 2 scrs. ; compound spirit 
of juniper, 2 ozs. ; tincture of squills, }4 oz. Mix. Three table- 
spoons to be taken every 4 hours, with the following pills: 

Pj-ecipitated iron, 2 grs. ; extract of hemlock, 3 grs. ; gum ammo- 
niac, 4 grs. ; oil of anise-seed, 2 drops. Mix, and divide into 2 or 3 
pills. 

Keep the bowels open by any of the aforementioned aperients. 
But if the patient is aflected witli diarrhea, a frequent attendant on 



1 86 Appendix to Medical Department. 

the last stage of tliis malady, the following may be substituted for the 
preceding tonic mixture: 

Compound tincture of rhatany, 1 oz. ; lime water, 6ozs. ; lauda- 
num, 30 drops. Mix. Three tabk'-spoons to be taken every 3 hours; 
if it does not restrain diarrhea, add to the above 1 or 2 ounces of 
decoction of logwood. 

Sliould a distressing pain affect the integuments of the head, or 
the back of the head, a small blister will give relief. 

Or, take ammoniated tincture of valerian, 2 drs.; tincture of 
castor, 1 dr.; laudanum, 30 drops; camphor mixture, 1 oz.; syrup of 
tolu, 1 dr. Mix. This is most valuable for spasmodic affections. 

Asthma— Treatment of. — For its cure or relief, the following 
articles are tirst-rate remedies: Assafoetida, blaclv byrony, butter-bur, 
chervil, coffee, colt's foot, foxglove, garlic, horse-radish, lobelia in 2 
places, meadow saffron, hedge mustard, myrrh, thorn apple, thyme, 
and skunk cabbage. 

The smoking of stramonium, known as thorn apple, is particularly 
recommended, the vapor, if possible, should be inhaled. It won- 
derfully allays morbid irritability, and the caloric which is taken with 
it, during tiie operation of smoking, povveifully promotes the secretion 
of mucous, and thus often speedily terminates the lit. If the patient is 
unable to smoke it, the vapor of a strong decoction of it may be 
inhaled, by breathing over it as soon as it is taken off the lire. Boil 
an ounce in a ])int of water; as soon as it boils, take it off the tire; it 
should be made in a close vessel. 

Hedf/e hyssop is an excellent remedy. It powerfully allays the 
morbid irritation of the lungs, promotes expectoration, obviates cos- 
tiveness, strengthens the stomach, and increases the secretion of urine, 
and perspiration of the skin. A strong decoction of it, combined 
with carroway, or anise-seed, is the best form of administration. 

Before and during the tit the patient should immerse his feet in 
warm water, and drink warm simple beverages, as balm tea, barley 
water, etc., with 2 or 3 tea-spoons of aetlier, or of aromatic spirit of 
ammonia. Whatever tends to quiet the nervous system, is of the 
greatest service ; though active remedies should be applied with the 
greatest icaution. Washing the head with warm water has been of 
very great service; and sometimes sneezing, produced by snuff, made 
of asarabacca, has suddenly terminated the paroxysm. If the chest 
be much pained, foment with hot Hannels, or apply a bran or oatmeal 
poultice. Very strong coffee is much recommended if tlie attack is 
violent; combine with it 10 or 15 drops of laudanum, 3^ dr. of aether; 
and 2 drops of oil of mint. This mixture may be taken several times 
during the day. The following pills are valuable in asthma: 

Il>ecacuanha powder, 6 gi's. ; James's powder, 12 grs. ; camphor, 15 
grs.; extract of henbane, or syrup, to form into 10 or 12 pills. One or 
2 may be taken every hour, or less frequently. 

Asthmatics are very subject to an accumulation of inflammable 
air in the intestines which renders an aperient necessary. Distension 
of the stomach or intestines from any cause is a source of great dis- 
tress to the patient, by mechanically preventing the motion of the 
diaphragm. 

Therefore take of compound colocynth pill, 1 dr. ; prepared cal- 
omel, 8 grs. ; assafoetida, ^^^ dr. or more. Divide into 15 or 20 pills; 
take 2 or 3 occasionally. But probably the best aperient is castor oil, 
given in peppermint, or weak brandy and water. 

To hasten the termination of the paroxysm, rubbing the scalp 



Appendix to Medical Department. 187 

with camphorated sal volatile, and immersing the feet in warm water 
are often nsefiil. Vomiting excited in the evening, will sometimes, 
by unloading the stomach, promoting expectoration, and increasing 
perspiration, prevent tlie accession of a paroxysm. For this purpose, 
talce 20 grs. of ipecacuanha powder: 

Or, ipecacuanha powder, 15 grs.; sulphate of zinc, 4 grs.; oxymel 
of squill, 2 drs.; peppermint water, 1 oz. Mix: 

Or, tincture of lobelia is good in obstinate cases. Dose. — 1 dr. 

Lobelia is now declared by the most eminent physicians to be the 
Mng of all remedies for asthma. I shall now subjoin a few other rem- 
edies, and some advice, the value of which has been confirmed by my 
medical experience, and: that of others. 

Ether is a good remedy daring the fit. Dr. Graham directs its 
use thus: '* Heat a common tea-pot with boiling water, let it stand 3 
or 4 minutes; pour tlie water entirely out, and then put 1 or 2 tea- 
spoons of ether into the pot, close the lid, and inhale the fumes 
through the spout in the mouth, breathing in that way for several 
minut'es. Strong brandy and water, and gin and water, have been 
found very serviceable during the Jit, especially the latter, with 2 or 3 
drops of the oil of juniper added. 

The following recipes for asthma have been found very useful: 

Take of the milk of gum ammonia, 6 ozs. ; syrup of squills, 4^^ 
ozs. Mix. A spoon to be taken when relief is required. It promotes 
copious expectoration. 

Or, gum ammoniac, 1 dr. ; gum assafoetida, squill pill, of each }4, 
dr.; oil of cinnamon, 6 drops; form into 24 pills, with common syrup. 
Take twice a day. 

Or, powdered senna, 1 oz.; flour of sulphur, }4 o^-? powdered 
ginger, 2 drs. ; powdered saffron, % dr. Size of a nutmeg to be taken 
night and morning, in treacle or honey. Or 2 ozs. of best honey, and 
1 oz. of castor oil mixed. A tea-spoon or 2 to be taken night and 
morning. 

Carroway and sweet fennel seeds, of each % o^:. ; boil in a pint of 
vinegar about 30 minutes; take it off the fire, and add 3 ozs. of sliced 
garlic. Cover up, and when cold, squeeze and strain, and by gentle 
heat, mix with it 13=^ lbs. of good honey. A tea-spoon or 2 to be 
taken night and morning. 

To relieve the breathing^ steep some blotting paper in a strong solu- 
tion of saltpeter; dry it, and light a portion when going to bed, lay it 
on a plate. Many have experienced much relief from this. 

Asthma. — The Rev. John Wesley recommends the following: 

A pint of cold water everj'' morning, and wash the head in cold 
water, and using the cold bath once in 2 weeks; or, a decoction of 
liquorice often gives relief; or, }^ pt. of tar Avater twice a day; or. Urn 
a fortnight chiefly on boiled carrots. It Seldom fails. Many have 
been cured by this diet; or, take from 10 to 60 drops of elixir of vitriol, 
in a glass of spring water, 3 or 4 times a day; or, in a qt. of boiling 
water, put a tea-spoon of balsamic ether;* receive the steam into the 
lungs, through a fumigator, twice a day; or, vomit with warm water, 
and always keep the body open. 

To prevent a return of a Fit of Asthma, or to relieve Asthma.— 
Keep the bowels gently open with rhubarb, or some other mild aperi- 
ent, and strengthen the tone of the stomach by bitter infusions, as 

♦Balsamic Ether Is made thus: Put 4 ozs. of spirits of wine, and 1 oz. of 
balsam of tola, Into a phial, with 1 oz. of Ether. Keep It well corked. It 
will not keep over a week or two: 



1 88 Appendix to Medical Department 

camomile, gentian, and quinine. "When the chest is constricted, apply 
mustard, or blistering plasters, and take an emetic occasionally to clear 
out the phlegm from the bronchial passages; avoid everything diffi- 
cult of digestion; wear flannel next to the skin; avoid a bleak, damp 
air, easterly winds, and take constant exercise. An animal diet, 
rather light, is preferable to a vegetable diet. 

Asthmatic Cough. — Take Spanish liquorice, 2 ozs. ; salt of tarta/* 
}^ oz. ; boil the liquor in 3 pints of water to a quart; add the salt to it 
when it is blood warm. Drink 2 spoons of this every 2 hours. It 
seldom fails. I have known this to cure an inveterate moist asthma. 

ATROPHY. — The word is derived from the Greek a, not, and 
iropA^, nourishment; not nourishment, and the want of that nourish- 
ment induces emaciation, and loss of strength. The symptoms are a 
gradual consuming or wasting away, impaired digestion, loss of appe- 
tite, depression of spirits, and general languor; in the latter stages 
hectic fever, cough, and difficult breathing. In young persons of 
scrofulous habit, there is enlargement of the mesentreic glands, indi- 
gestion, costiveness, or diarrhea, uncertain appetite, flushed or palid 
cheeks, remittent fever, swelling of the abdomen, emaciated limbs, 
and eruptions of the skin on the shoulders, arms, and thighs, etc. I 
have seen the vessels so attenuated as to be scarcely able to contain 
the blood, and in some cases, the smaller ones congested. 

The cause may be hereditary, damp houses, rooms, and beds, 
unwholesome foul air, close and bad ventilated sleeping rooms, exces- 
sive evacuations, worms, mental anxiety, excessive indulgence in 
venery, or spirituous liquors. It is induced in females by giving suck 
too long. 

Treatment. — Many diseases are accompanied by atrophy to a 
greater or less extent. In those cases, therefore, it is but an effect of 
a disease, and that disease must be prescribed for. There are cases, 
however, in which the most careful and repeated scrutiny fails to 
detect any serious disease of the vital organs, though some important 
viscus may be aftected. If the glands are aftected, apply the tincture 
of iodine, by means of a camel hair brush, or the ointment of the 
same. The following formula has been recommended: 

Iodine of potassium, 1 dr.; compound infusion of gentian, 6 ozs.* 
aromatic spirit of ammonia, 2 drs. ; mix, and take a table-spoon 3 
times a day; with the following aperient at bed-time: 

Compound rhubarb pill, 4 grs ; sulphate of quinine, 4 grs. ; cay- 
enne pepper, 2 grs. ; make into 3 or 4 pills. 

In this disease, fresh air should be obtained, and abundant exer- 
cise in the open air. Keep the bowels regular, and always combine a 
tonic with a purgative. The diet must be light and nutritious. If the 
disease arises from a venereal taint, (alas ! how many monstrous 
parents thus infect their children !) then sarsaparilla will be useful. 
The same course will, in a great measure, be applicable to atrophy. 
If the disease proceeds from worms, then anthelmintics must be 
administered. 

Sometimes atrophy is produced by suckling too long, which must 
be abandoned, or it will cause wasting, and ultimately consumption. 
The child should be weaned immediately, and out-door exercise in a 
pure atmosphere, and a course of tonics should be taken immediately. 

AHDOMINAL RUPTURES, OR HERNIA, take place at the 
navel, in females, and the scrotum and groin in males. When the 
bowel lies quietly in the bag, and admits of being readily put back 
into the abdomen, the rupture is termed reducible ; but irreducible 



Appendix to Medical Department. 189 

when the contrary. A hernia is strangulated when the intestine is, as 
it were, tied round with a string, so as to prevent the contents of the 
bowels from passing off; in such a case, inflammation is excited, and 
alarming, and sometimes fatal, symptoms, are manifest. 

The causes of rupture are various; viz., sedentary Jiahits^ violent 
exercise, such as feats of agility, jumping^ running, lifting and carrying 
heavy weights, vomiting, straining, laughing, sneezing, and whatever 
induces extreme action of the abdominal muscles. Some parts of the 
parietes, or enclosure of the bowels, are naturally weaker than others; 
especially the inguinal and crural rings, and the umbilicus; and it is 
of these parts that hernia most frequently occurs; or the abdominal 
walls may be defectively formed. When a hernia takes place sud- 
denly, there is a sensation of something giving way at the part, and 
some pain ; but in many persons it comes on gradually, and almost 
imperceptibly, particularly in very debilitated constitutions. 

The general sj^mptoms of a hernia, when reducible and free from 
strangulation, are an indolent tumor at some point of the abdomen, 
frequently descending out of the abdominal ring, or out of the navel, 
but occasionally from other situations. The swelling often arises 
suddenly, and is subject to a change of size, being smaller when the 
patient lies down on his back, and larger when he stands np or holds 
his breath. It frequently diminishes when pressed, and grows large 
again when the pressure is removed. Its size and tension often in- 
crease after a meal, or when the bowels are flatulent. In consequence 
of the unnatural position of the bowels, many persons who have 
rupture are occasionally troubled with colic, costiveness, and vomiting. 
But sometimes the functions of the intestines suffer little interruption. 

But in all cases ruptures are troublesome and dangerous, and 
therefore ought to be attended to in tune. When a rupture is reduc- 
ible, return the protruded parts to their original cavity, by gently 
pressing the projecting tumor, which can be best effected when the 
patient is Ijing on his back, with the legs bent, so that the knees may 
be erect; an attitude which he should always preserve as much as 
possible. An injection should be given made of gruel, butter, salt, 
and Ave or six drops of laudanum. Folds of linen dipped in ice- 
water should be placed upon the tumor, and renewed every fifteen 
minutes. Ice also may be applied with good eff*ect. If the case has 
been delayed too long, use flannels dipped in a warm decoction of 
bitter herbs, as tansy, wormwood, horehound, and hops; these herbs 
tend to soften the tumor, and facilitate its return. Change the flan- 
nels frequently. 

Infants are often subject to umbilical hernia, or rupture of the 
navel. It is cured by applying a proper bandage or truss, which, with 
increasing strength, eff'ects a cure. Particular attention should be paid 
to the cure of female infants that are ruptured; that they may be free 
from the complaint when they become adult and pregnant; for then 
it often recurs from the too great distension of the abdomen, etc. 
During pregnancy, it is often troublesome, but after parturition, if 
the contents have not contracted anj' adhesion, they will often return 
into the abdomen, and may be kept there by a proper bandage. 
Females subject to umbilical rupture, should keep their bowels uncon- 
stipated, especially if the navel rupture be irreducible ; and they should 
avoid indigestible food. 

When the tumor is returned, it should be kept in its place by a 
bandage or truss. By the permanent pressure of a truss upon the 
opening, the parts are prevented from descending, and a permanent 



190 Appendix to Medical Department, 

cure is often effected. A truss may be obtained at a surgical instru- 
ment maker's. 

Dr. Beach, an eminent physician, states : "Most of the cases of 
strangulated hernia for wliich an operation is performed, miglit be 
cured by i)roper treatment. In verj^ many cases, where an operation 
has been proposed, the patient has recovered by very simple means. I 
have been culled to some, where, at first view, it has seemed impossible 
to return the protruded viscera without cutting down and dividing the 
stricture ; and yet, by prompt and energetic means, I have succeeded 
in reducing it." The following directions are founded upon the 
American practice : 

Commence the treatment by giving a dose of castor oil ; avoid 
strong and irritating purgatives. Use injections of an oily nature, as 
Lobelia infiaia^ a sutficient quantity; infuse in 3^ pt. of hot water, to 
wliich add as much milk and treacle, and a gill of olive or sweet oil. 
Repeat every hour. This is one of the most powerful relaxants that 
can be used in this disease. 

The following external applications are ^recommended by Dr. 
Beach : 

Steam and foment with bitter herbs (herbs before mentioned). 
Put the decoction in a tub or pail, and sit over it by means of a narrow 
board put across it. Place a blanket over the patient. This will cause 
perspiration, and reduce the inflammation. In extreme cases a warm 
bath should be taken for some time. An alkaline poultice may be 
applied over the rupture. Mix the slippery elm bark with weak lye, 
until a poultice of a proper consistence is formed, to be applied tepid, 
and often renewed. The best effects have been produced by this ap- 
plication. 

Dr. Eeese, of New Tork, uses the sulphuric ether for the reduction 
or return of hernia. He wets the tumor with the liquid, and then, in 
order to produce speedy evaporation, blows upon it with a pair of 
bellows. He states that he has reduced a number of strangulated 
hernia by this method alone, when they had been doomed to undergo 
an operation. While these means are being used, manual aid must be 
used, called ^aiCis, (meaning the replacement of the parts by hand.) 
The position of the patient requires care and skill. His legs and 
buttocks should be elevated as high as possible, forming an angle, if 
possible of 45 degrees. This may be effected by placing the back part 
of a chair underneath him. His thighs and body should be a little 
flexed or bent, in order to relax the muscles. The tumor should then 
be seized and moderate pressure made, in order to return the viscera. 

The constant application of a solution of alum in a strong decoc- 
tion of oak bark — two drachms to a pint — has been recommended by 
some surgeons for the radical cure of rupture in the groin. It is ap- 
plied by means of soft linen, which should be wetted as soon as it 
becomes dry. In incipient cases this topical remedy, by constringing 
the parts, may succeed in preventing the escape of the intestine or 
omentum through the abdominal ring. The compress should for some 
time be kept on the part, by a bandage or truss with easj?^ springs. 

ACrUE. — The cause is debility; frequently marsh miasma^ or the 
effluvia arising from stagnant water in pools, or on maishy ground. 
On the attack, the patient should be placed between blankets, and 
partake freely of water-gruel or barley-water. From 20 to 30 drops 
of laudanum, or more, should be given just before the commencement 
of the ague fit. The nails turn blue just before the fit begins. The 
fit may be moderated also by taking 1 scru. of the carbonate of ammo- 



Appendix to Medical Department, 191 

nia, 8 grs. compound powder of ipecacuanha, mint-water, 1}/^ ozs. 
Peruvian bark, or sulpliate of quinine, is an efficacious remedy. An 
emetic before taking it is necessary; about 20 grs. of ipecacuanha 
powder; then take a small dose of salts and senna, and the Peruvian 
bark in powder; an ounce will make eight doses, one of which should 
be taken every hour or two. Or, instead of the Peruvian bark, take 
from 2 to 4 grs. of quinine, with 1 gr. of extract of gentian, made 
into pills. When the disease is arrested, continue the use of the pill, 
taking two per day for a few weeks. 

Ague. — Take 30 grs. of snake-root, 40 of wormwood, 1^ oz. of 
Peruvian bark powdered, and 3^ pt. of Port wine. Put the whole 
into a bottle, and shake ic well together; divide it into four equal 
quantities, and take it the tirst in the morning, and the last at night, 
when the fit is over. The dose should be often repeated, to prevent a 
return of the complaint. Or, when the fit is on, take an ^^^ beaten 
up in a glass of brandy, and go to bed immediately. 

WHITLOW, OR FELON.— This is an inflammation of the fingers, 
thumb, or hand, and is very painful. It is often situated at the root 
of the nail. The pain is attended with throbbing, swelling, and in- 
flammation. It gradually progresses to suppuration. 

Steam the wiiole hand with bitter herbs for 30 or 40 minutes; 
bathe it frequently in strong hot lye water. The steaming must not 
be dispensed with. Apply a poultice of linseed and and slippery elm, 
with a little salt and brandy. The formation of matter is indicated 
by a small white spot in the center of the swelling. When this 
appears, open it with tlie point of a large needle or probe, that the 
matter may escape. Repeat, if necessary. If proud flesh appears, 
apply the vegetable caustic or chloride of potass, diluted. A poultice 
of powdered hops is very effectual to relieve pain. Attend to the 
general health, by giving aperients, tonics, and nutritious, cooling 
diet. 

Whitlow. — Cut a hole in a lemon, and wear it on the finger like a 
thimble; the whitlow must be encased in the lemon. See " Felon." 

STOMACH, SPASMS OR CRAMP OF.— This painful and alarming 
state may proceed from various causes: such as the sudden application 
of cold, or it may arise from indigestible fruits or food, from bile 
regurgitating into the organ, from congestion of the liver, from gout 
or rheumatism, and, finally, from a draught of cold water when the 
body is heated, or from swallowing pieces of ice. A hot bath, or 
warm fomentations, are generally the best external remedies for spasm 
of the stomach, and an emetic the most useful and effective internal 
means, followed by such after-treatment as the exciting cause seems 
to justify or demand. 

BLADDER, INFLAMMATION OF.— It manifests itself by pain 
and tightness in the lower part of the abdomen; the pain increases by 
pressure, there is a constant desire to pass urine, and great difficulty 
in passing a few drops; sometimes there is complete retention; the 
bladder may become enlarged, caused by the inflammatory action. 
In old people the chronic form occurs, and it is frequently caused by 
stone. In the decline of life, the common symptom is the difficulty of 
making water. 

In painful retention of urine, hot fomentations of herbs, as hops, 
wormwood, tansy, camomile flowers, and a little valei'ian root, may be 
applied over the region of the bladder. Use also the warm foot-bath. 
Parsley tea with a little spirits of nitre and best gin may be taken. 
Take also the Diuretic Jiifusio7if which see. Should these fail, use the 



192 Appendix to Medical Departmetit. 

hip-bath, temperature from 8G to 9G, for lialf an liour; take also a 
table-spoon of castor oil, and, if the pain is severe, 12 drops of laud- 
anum. Warm injections are also serviceable. Add to the injections a 
little tincture of lobelia. 

The following is an excellent remedy in affections of the bladder, 
particularly in old age : 

Solidified copaiba, alcoholic extract of cubebs, equal parts. Mix 
and make into three or four grain pills, and give one or two 3 times a 
day. It has been known to act like a charm. It is invaluable in all 
urinary affections, and especially those which affect old people. It 
allays pain and irritation about the neck of the bladder, of the pros- 
trate gland, and in the kidneys. In case of extreme pain apply the 
Irritating Plaster (which see) over the pubic region. 

To strengthen the bladder^ avoid all intoxicating drinks, exposure 
to wet, damp, and cold ; sponge the lower parts of the abdomen with 
salt and water, and occasionally with vinegar. See "Urine," or 
"Urinary." 

CURE FOR BURNS.— Of all applications for a burn we believe 
that there are none equal to a simple covering of common wheat flour. 
This is always at hand, and while it requires no skill in using, it pro- 
duces most astonishing effects. The moisture produced upon the sur- 
face of a slight or deep burn is at once absorbed by the flour, and 
forms a paste which shuts out the air. As long as the fluid matters 
continue flowing, they are absorbed and prevented from producing 
irritation, as they would do, if kept from passing off by oily or resinous 
applications, wiiile the greater the amount of those absorbed by the 
flour the thicker the protective covering. Another advantage of the 
flour covering is, that next to the surface it is kept moist and flexible, 
it can also be readily washed off without further irritation in remov- 
ing. It may occasionally be washed off very carefully when it has 
become matted and dry, and a new covering sprinkled on. 

Remedy for Burns and Scalds. — Take chalk and linseed or com- 
mon olive oil, and mix them in such proportions as will produce a 
compound as thick as honey ; then add vinegar, so as to reduce it to 
the thickness of molasses, apply with a soft brush or feather, and 
renew the application from time to time. Each renewal brings fresh 
relief and a grateful coolness. If the injury is severe, especially if it 
involve the chest, give 10 drops of laudanum to an adult, and repeat it 
in an hour, and again a third time ; to a child of ten years, give in like 
inanner only three drops, and beware of giving any to an infimt. This 
T)lan, with an internal stimulant, according to age, as brandy or sal- 
volatile, or both, should be at once adopted until the arrival of the 
medical attendant. 

Lime water beaten up with sweet oil makes an excellent application 
for burns. 

Burns and Scalds. — See Spanish Flies. — If the clothes have caught 
fire, wrap the person in a shawl, coat, blanket, etc., very tightly, to 
extinguish the flames; or when these are not at hand, roll the person 
on the floor. Then gently disengage the clothes from around the 
burned surface. If any parts of the dress should stick to the burned 
part, do not remove them, but cut the clothes from around that part. 
The treatment for bui-ns is applicable to scalds. If the injury is merely 
superficial, saturate a piece of cotton wool, or wadding, etc., with tinc- 
ture of Spanish tiles, largely diluted with water, and apply it over the 
burned or scalded part, and cover it with folded cotton or linen, etc., 
to exclude the atmospheric air. Saturate with the liniment as the 



Appendix to Medical Department., 193 

cloth dries. If the wound is deep, use tlie arnica lotion, instead of 
cantharides. When the burnino: pain ceases, npply simple cerate spread 
on a linen rag, and cover well up. Liniments are better tl)an lotions, 
as they contain soap dissolved in spirits of wine, both curative of 
burns, etc. The arnica lotion may be obtained from any Uonieo- 
pathic cliemist. 

Wlien the afoie-mentioned liniments are not at hand, cotton wool, 
or a linen rag may be well saturated in oil and soap lather, and ap- 
plied. 

" A most primitive, yet very effectual remedj^ in tlie treatment of 
burns and scalds is cow-dung ; and from its being so ricli in phospho- 
rus, it must exert a specific, and a meclianical action to cure injuries 
resulting from tire." 

Apply a poultice of elm bark and milk, and when the inflamma- 
tion has left, apply black salve. For very slight burns, the black 
salve alone will cure. The slippery elm poultice is a sovereign remedy 
and has effected the greatest cures. Dr. Beach relates the case of a girl 
dreadfully scalded by falling into a large pan of boiling water, which 
scalded, and actually burnt or disorganized the parts from the back 
nearly to the feet. A poultice of slippery elm bark, and olive oil alone, 
very soon arrested the inflammation and acute sufferings of the patient, 
to the astonishment of all. The elm hark may he hought of the Medical 
Botanists. 

In all cases of burns and scalds, it is necessary to observe, that if 
fever should ensue, gentle laxative medicines ought to be given; as 
castor oil, or salts and senna. 

In cases of scalding the mouth with hot liquids, gargle with a so- 
lution of borax, and then hold in the mouth a mucilage af slippery 
elm, swallowing it slowly, if the throat also has been scalded; tlie 
slippery elm bark may be mixed with olive oil. Some recommend 
soap liniment, wliich is made by dissolving soap in spirits. 

When a burn is only trifling, and causes no blister, it is sufiicient 
to apply a compress of severat folds of soft linen upon it, dipped in 
cold water, in wliich lias been dissolved a little carbonate of soda; to 
be renewed every 15 minutes, until the pain is removed. 

Dr. Tissot says, in cases of blisters, beat up an e^g with two table- 
spoons of olive oil, or linseed oil, spread it on soft linen, and apply it 
to the affected part. 

For very slight burns or scalds, the hlack salve alone is sufllcient 
to remove the pain and inflammation. 

If the skin is not broken, cover the part with a layer of flour or 
starch, place cotton wool over it, or a linen rag, and bind it over 
lightly. 

If a blister has been burst or cut, use a cerate. 

Where the skin has been burnt off, wet applications may be used; 
the best is lime water and linseed oil; one part of the former to two of 
the latter, well mixed. 

Milk may be used to advantage in the same wa^^; or in the absence 
of milk use bread and water till you can get the linseed oil and lime 
water. 

Burns and Scalds. — If any part of the body be scalded or burnt, 
it should be placed in a vessel of new milk as soon as possible, and be 
kept there till the fire is drawn out. There must be an abundance of 
new milk obtained where the greater part of the body is burnt; and if 
a bath of milk cannot be got, the patient must be laid on the his: con- 
venient place, and soft cloths steeped in milk must be continually ap- 

9 



194 Appendix to Medical Department » 

plied, till the fire is drawn out. This his been known to jrive instant 
relief to a man who fell into a copper of boiling wort, when the skin 
peeled olf with his clothes. 

Or, a few raw potatoes are to be peeled, and finely beaten in a 
mortar; add a drachm or two of laudanum; apply to the affected 
parts, like a poultice. It is very eflScacious in the cure of burns or 
scalds, and other inflamed parts. 

An eminent surgeon in the army says: "Opiates are excellent 
things, and should be given to relieve pain; but the stimulants must 
not be forgotten. The shock of the burns depresses the whole system, 
and laudanum, though it relieves the pain, is also depressing in its 
ettects. I would, therefore, (as in accidents of this kind time is most 
precious) recommend the following mixtures to be given at once; 

Laudanum, 30 drops; sulphuric ether, 40 drops; brandy, a table- 
spoon, in a wine glass of warm water. This should be given directly, 
and repeated in an hour's time if the pain is not subdued. This treat- 
ment should be followed up by beef tea and other concentrated forms 
of nourishment. Of course the ever present remedy of covering the 
burns freely with flour from a flour dredge, and applying cotton "wool 
above the layer of flour, must not be neglected. 

Burn or Scald. — Immediately plunge the part in cold water, and 
keep it therefor some time; or electrify it immediately; or if the part 
cannot be dipped, apply a cloth four times doubled, dipped in cold 
water, changing it when it becomes warm; or a bruised onion; or mix 
lime-water and sweet oil to the thickness of cream. Apply with a 
feather. Most effectual. 

Or, take a piece of thick brown paper, dipped in the best sallad oil; 
then set the paper on fire upon a common plate, upon which will re- 
main a deposit of oil. Apply this oil to the burn. Or, put on the burn 
or scald a covering of flour; or, cover with treacle, and dust on flour; 
or, cover with the white of egg; or, apply whiting or chalk, and lin- 
seed oil ; or, apply a cloth dipped in a solution of alum. 

IJALDNESS. — The decoction of box-wood successful in cases of 
baldness is thus made: 

Take of the common box which grows in garden borders, stems 
and leaves, four large handfulls; boilin three pints of water in a closely 
covered vessel for a quarter of an hour, and let it Ftand in a covered 
earthenware for ten hours or more; strain, and add an ounce and a 
half of eau de cologne or lavender water, to make it keep. The head 
should be well washed with this solution every morning. 

Liquid for the Cure and Prevention of Baluuess. — Eau de 
cologne, two ounces; tincture of cantharides, two drs. ; oil of rose- 
mary, oil of nutmegs and oil of lavender, each ten drops, to be rubbed 
on the bald part of tlie head every night. 

Baldness. — The falling off" of the hair from the crown of the 
head — sometimes from the whole scalp — and often occurring tit a very 
early age of life. Though pi-ematui'e baldness frequently occurs from 
fever, or some disease alfecting the glands of the cuticle which secrete 
the roots or bulbs of the hair, it often takes place in young men from 
no assignable cause. The best preventive means of saving the hair 
when once it begins to show a tendency to fall off, is to have the scalp 
shaved immediately, and that operation repeated every month, till the 
strength of the next crop of bristles gives evidence of a more vigorous 
growth. At the same time, the following embrocation is to be well 
rubbed into the scalp every night upon going to bed, after having first 
irritated the cuticle with the hair-brush, to promote absorption. 



Appendix to Medical Department. 195 

Embrocation for the Growth Hair. — Take of castor oil, 2 ozs. ; oil 
of rosemary, 2 clrs.; essential oil of bitter almonds, 15 drops; tincture 
of Spanish flies, 8 drs. Mij^ 

This will be found serviceable in every condition of baldness. 
Very little need be used at one time, — the most important object being 
to diffuse it vrell over the scalp. 

Baldness. — The cause of baldness is defect in the hair follicles, 
from which the hair is developed. Sometimes it is the result of disease, 
and is frequently hereditary. Those wlio perspire much about the 
head are generally bald. If the hair falls off after fever, shaving a 
few times will tend to promote the growth. Keeping the head closely 
wrapDed prevents the growth of hair. A drachm of the tincture of 
cantharides mixed with an ounce of lard, is a good application. An 
infusion of the Asarum Europeum Asarabacca, may be used as a lotion 
for the scalp. 

Kub the bald part frequently with the juice of an onion till it looks 
red; or, water, 1 pt. ; pearlash, half an ounce; onion juice, 1 gill; rum, 
half a gill ; oil of rosemary, 20 drops. Eub the head hard with a rough 
linen towel dipped in the mixture; or, take 4 ozs. of castor oil, 8 ozs. best 
rum, 80 drops oil of lavender, apply occasionally to the head, shaking 
the bottle well ; or, beef marrow, well washed, melted, and strained, 
1^ lb.; tincture of cantharides, 1 oz. ; oil of bergamot, 12 drops. Wash 
the head frequently with warm water and Windsor soap ; or with a 
decoction of rosemary and southern-wood. 

Baldness. — Rub the part morning and evening with onions, till it 
is red, and afterwards with honey; or, wash it with a decoction of 
boxwood ; or, electrify it daily . 

Baldness. — Infuse for a few days, 1 dr. of powdered cantharides in 
1 oz. of proof spirit; beef marrow, % lb. ; soak in several waters, lastly 
in weak salt and water ; melt, strain, and mix, adding 10 or 12 drops 
of oil of bergamot, or lavender. 

BREATH, IMPURE.— There are few things more offensive than a 
foul or foetid breath, not only as a source of annoyance to the person 
himself, but a positive nuisance to all who liave the misfortune to ap- 
proach him. Impure breath, except in cases of illness, and when the 
patient is under a course of mercury, proceeds from two causes — a 
neglected state of the stomach and bowels, or from decayed teeth and 
an unclean mouth ; and as in either case the remedy is easy, it must be 
owing to an innate disregard for others' comfort, and neglect of his 
own, that any person allows so noxious an offense to continue. When 
the cause proceeds from the bowels, two or three colocynth, or com- 
pound rhubarb pills, taken once every six hours, and a black draught, 
or half an ounce of Epsom salts afterwards, will almost always remove 
it; while, if the mouth or teeth are the cause, a weak solution of the 
chloride of lime, used twice a day as a wash for the mouth, rubbing 
the gums and teeth after each time with a dry cloth, will soon remove 
all cause of complaint ; or, what is still belter, the dailj' employment 
of a tooth-brush and the following dentrifice : 

Take of powdered charcoal, )^ oz. ; cuttle-fish, 2 drs. ; myrrh, 1 dr. 
Used as a tooth-powder night and morning with warm water. 

BRIGHT'S DISEASE.— A peculiar disease of the kidneys, so 
named from Dr. Bright, the first to draw attention to the existence of 
this singular affection, the chief characteristic of which is the presence 
of a greater or less amount of serum separated from the blood, and 
found in the urine voided from the bladder. 

Symptoms. — Pain in the back and loins, at first slight and occa- 



196 Appe7idix to Medical Depart?nent. 

sional, but becoming heavy, dull, anrl settled, accompanied with rest- 
lessness and fever, and the usual functional disturbance in the other 
organs; loss of appetite, hectic flushes, apd general disturbance. These 
symptoms are succeeded by enlargement in tlie loins, oedema, or swell- 
ing of the face and extremeties, and finally a state of general dropsy. 
Should these symptoms fail to point out the disease, heat applied to 
the urine will at once indicate its character ; forthe serum will become 
coagulated, and, according to the amount present, either the whole will 
be rendered solid, or masses oicoagulum will be seen floating about the 
water. 

The CAUSES of this disease are either a scrofulous condition of the 
system, an intemperate liablt, or the long indulgence in a course of 
alcoholic liquors, or dram-drinking. 

Treatment, — A warm bath is the first remedial agent to be em- 
ployed, which is to be followed by friction over the loins with weak 
mercurial ointment, containing a drachm of camphor to the ounce ; or, 
if the pain be severe, cupping, or the application of a dozen leeches to 
the loins should be adopted ; at the same time giving one of the follow- 
ing powders every six hours, and a pill, containing IJ^ grains of solid 
opium, at bed-time. 

Take of sulphate of potass, 3^dr. ; powdered jalap, 1 dr.; powdered 
nitre, 1 scr. ; Calomel, 18 grs. Mix thoroughly, and divide into six 
powders. 

BRONCHI riS.— This disease is very prevalent in the English 
climate, and often proves fatal. The acute affection often passes Into 
the chronic form. Bronchitis is derived from the Greek Bronkos, the 
wind-pipe, and has a reference to the bronchia^ the ramifications of the 
trachea. It is an inflammation of the lining membrane of the passages 
of the throat, through which respiration is carried on. 

The first symptoms are running at the nose, eyes watering, fre- 
quent sneezing, shivering, dullness, and sometimes pain in the head. 
The chest is affected, there is a roughness of feeling in the trachea, or 
wind-pipe, which causes frequent attempts to clear the throat. The 
fever runs high, there is great weakness, a troublesome cough, and 
difficult breathing, hoarseness, tightness and pain across the chest. 
The cough is soon accompanied with expectoration of a thin fluid, 
having a saline taste, possessing an irritating quality, As the expec- 
toration thickens and increases, the pain begins to abate, and the 
breathing to be relieved. The pulse is not so violent and the fever 
abates. These are favorable symptoms; and especially so when the 
phlegm changes from a glairy liquid to a tenacious phlegm, and de- 
creases in quantity. 

The unfavorable symptoms are, feeble, frequent, and irregular 
pulsation, palid countenance, cold sweats, increased mucous, and the 
prostration of strength through the cough in efforts to remove it; the 
cough becomes less effectual to expectorate ; wheezing comes on, and 
next a rattling in the large air-tubes, delirium, and suffocation. Fre- 
quently the collapse is very rapid, inducing dissolution in two or three 
days. 

Cure. — The loss of vitality in the system has caused a diminished 
temperature, chills, coldness of the surface and extremities, imperfect 
cutaneous functions and the effusion of impure blood on the mucous 
membrane of the bronchia; followed by irritation and congestion, 
and the secretion of nmcous hinders the breathing. Nature requires 
the removal of these obstructions. Place the feet in warm water, and 
administer warm and mucilaginous drinks; as, linseed tea, barley 



Appendix to Medical Depart7tient. 197 

water, with a little lemon juice; balm tea; gentle aperients, if required; 
foot-baths, and hot bran poultices to the chest. The surface of the 
body should occasionally be bathed with warm water and carbonate 
of soda. The vapor bath is also recommended. 

Nothing is so eifectual as nauseating medicines. The design of all 
remedies in this disease is to dislodge the tenacious and viscid secre- 
tion which lines the air-tubes, and the impure blood must be corrected 
and returned to to the surface. Emetics have a specitic action on the 
respiratory organs, dislodging the bronchial phlegm, and removing 
the tension of the parts. 

Take 4 grains of Ipecacuanha powder, in a little warm water, 
every twenty minutes, till vomiting takes place. Repeat if necessary. 
Or take the following emetic: 

Lobelia, 6 drs.; skunk cabbage, 3 drs.; Ipecacuanha, 4 drs.; 
cayenne pepper, 3^ dr. Powder and mix. One tea-spoon in camomde 
tea, every twenty minutes till it operates. It is most effectual in clear- 
ing the lungs from accumulated matter.* 

Laborious breathing may be relieved by inhaling steam from a 
decoction of bitter herbs, or even hot water. Gentle perspiration must 
be promoted, and medicines employed to allay the cough, if trouble- 
some. The following is a good mixture: 

Ipecacuanha wine, 1 dr.; Aromatic spirits of ammonia, 2 drs.; 
carbonate of potash, 1 dr. ; water, 8 ozs. ; and if the cough be irritable, 
add a grain of acetate of morphia— take two table-spoons every four 
hours. 

Or, take almond oil, % oz. ; solution of the carbonate of soda, % 
dr.; syrup of tolu, 1 oz. ; sy^up of poppies, 1 oz.; water 6 ozs. Mix, 
and take two table-spoons every two or three hours. 

PersDiration may be promoted by taking the sudorific powder. 
(See '' Sudorific Powder.") 

Counter-irritants are sometimes effectual, as mustard plasters; and 
in extreme cases, small blistering plasters to the chest. 

Dr. Beach recommends flannels dipped in a decotion of hops and 
wormwood, boiled in vinegar; the flannels to be gently wrung, and 
applied as hot and as often as possible over the bronchial tubes, or the 
upper part of the chest. If it produces an eruption, it is favorable. 

The bowels must not be neglected, but kept open by gentle 
aperients, as castor oil, a weak infusion of salts and senna, according 
to the strength of tlie patient, Tliis tends to cool the system, and 
divert the humors from the chest to the bowels. 

Bronchitis from the acute sometimes passes into the chronic. Tlie 
person in such case should be well clothed, wear flannel next to the 
skin — should avoid exposure to cold and damp, and abstain from alco- 
holic drinks. Indeed, in many cases, bronchitis is caused by intemp- 
perance, and also by much public speaking. When the cough is 
violent and fast, take expectorants recommended in this book, and 
apply to the chest the Stimulating Ointment (which see) Dr. Beach 
advises the use of the Tar-bath exactly in the following way: Add 1 
oz. of common potash to one lb. of tar, to deprive it of itspyroligneoiis 
acid. Mix well, and boil together in the open air for fifteen minutes 
— then to be kept gently simmering in the room of the patient. This 
may be done by placing it over a spirit lamp. 

The irritating plaster is very serviceable in the bronchial affec- 
tions. (See '* Irritating Plaster.) 

* These herbs are sold by the Medical Botanist. Not many Druggists 
keep them. 



198 Appendix to Medical Department, 

The smoking of dried mullein leaves is also recommended. 

During the inflammation attendant on this complaint, the diet 
must be simple and soothing; as gruels, sago, rice, tapioca, arrow-root, 
etc. The patient must keep in a warm room, and avoid cold and 
damp. During convalescence, tonics should be freely taken. Avoid 
stimulating drinks. 

BRAIN — luflammation of. — It begins with inflammatory fever, a 
flushed countenance, redness of the eyes, pain in the head, disturbed 
sleep, dryness of skin, constipation, restlessness, irritability, pain in the 
stomach, a tendency to delirium. 

It is caused by hard study, intemperance, grief, anxiety, stopping 
of evacuations, exposure to the heat of the sun, external injuries, etc. 
I'espiration deep and slow, and sometimes difficult. 

Tiie disease is a dangerous one, and often proves fatal in a few 
days, if not speedily arrested. 

Cure. — Promote the evacuations. Remove constipation by pur- 
gatives, clysters, and mix nitre with tea and other beverages. 

Divert the blood from the head by restoring the circulation in the 
extremities — equalize the circulation. Bathe up to the knees in warm 
water. In excessive inflammation, apply cups to the temples, and the 
nape of the neck. Perspiration sliould also be promoted as much as 
possible. Should the disease appear obstinate, put a mustard plaster 
between the shoulders, and to the feet at night. Frequently apply 
vinegar cloths to the head and temples. The less irritation, noise, 
light, the better it will be for the patient. " Cold water to the 
head," says an eminent physician, "and tepid or hot water to the 
surface of the body, have a powerful effect in forcing the congested 
blood from the head, and restoring an equilibrium in the circulation. 

The food must be simple and light, as panado, water-gruel, toast 
and water or lemonade, light jellies, bariey-watei-. Nothing stimula- 
ting must be taken. 

TO ARREST BLEEDING AT THE NOSE.— Introduce, by means 
of a pi*obe,a small piece of lint or soft cotton, previously dipped into some 
mild styptic, as a solution of alum, white vitriol, creosote, or even cold 
water. This will generally succeed; but should it not, cold water 
may be snufted up the nostrils. Should the bleeding be very profuse, 
medical advise should be secured. 

Bleeding at the Nose.— Use wheaten flour; it forms a good styptic; 
snuft* it up the nose. Tighten the garters; apply ligatures to tiie arms, 
and put the feet into warm water, to bring the blood downwards. To 
apply a cold wet cloth to the privities is effectual. When it arises 
from constipation, the bowels should be moved immediately; or 
plug the nostrils up with lint steeped in strong vinegar, and apply 
clot) is dipped in cold water. The application of ice to the back, tem- 
ples, etc., is also serviceable; or dissolve 2 scruples of nitre in 3^^ pint 
of water, and take 1 cupeveiy hour; or apply to the neck behind, and 
on each side, a cloth dipped in cold water; or wash the temples, nose, 
and neck, with vinegar; or snuff' up vinegar and water; or foment 
the legs and arms with it; or dissolve 1 oz. of powdered alum in 1 pt. 
of vinegar; dip a cloth in it and apply it to the temples, steeping the 
feet in warm water. 

Bieediug of a Wound.— Make 2 or 3 tight ligatures toward the 
lower p;irt of each joint; slacken them gradually; or apply tops of 
nettles bruised; or strew on it the ashes of a linen rag dipped in sharp 
vinegar and burnt; or take ripe puff-balls, break them warily, and 
save the powder. Apply it to the wound, and bind it on. This will 



Appendix to Medical Department 199 

stop it speedily; or take 2 ozs. of brandy; 2 drs. of castile soap; potass, 
1 dr. ; scrape the soap line, and dissolve it in the brandy, add the 
potass, mix, and keep well corked. Apply a little of this to a bleeding 
wound, and the blood will immediately congeal. 

BOILS. — Poultice the boil and paint it with aqueous extract of 
opium; or tincture of iodine; or the rheumatic liquid; which see. 
Frequently renew the process every 2 or 3 hours. A piece of lint 
soaked in olive oil may be strapped over the boil if the person is 
necessitated to do business. An aperient may be proper except in 
weakness, when it is best to give weak elixir of vitriol and quinine, or 
give two of the alterative pills night and morning, and the compound 
decoction of sarsaparilla. If a boil breaks apply the black salve. 

Boils. — Apply a little Venice turpentine; or an equal quantity of 
soap and brown sugar well mixed; or a plaster of honey and flour; or 
of tigs; or a little saffron in a white bread poultice; or a table-spoon of 
yeast in a glass of water, twice a day. Take an aperient. 

BLA< K EYE. — This is caused by a blow or bruise. If attended 
with inflammation and pain, wash the eye often with yery warm 
water, in which is dissolved a little carbonate of soda; or with equal 
parts of tincture of opium and water. If the pain be acute, foment 
with a decoction of stramonium leaves, simmered inspirits. Wash the 
eye, and bind on the leaves ; often repeat. Perhaps the best applica- 
tion is a poultice of slippery elm bark. Mix with milk, and put it on 
warm. 

To remove the black color of the eye, bind on a little raw meat; 
or a poultice made of the root of Solomon's seal. Culpepper says, 
*'It is available for bruises, falls, or blows, to dispel the congealed 
blood, and to take away the pains, and the black and blue marks that 
abide after the hurt." The blackness may be concealed by painting 
the part with flesh-colored paint. 

CARBUNCLE. — A carbuncle is a species of boil, but larger, and 
much more painful. It shows debility in the constitution. Give a 
mild aperient, rendered tonic by the addition of quinine. Foment the 
part with bitter herbs, or steam it with the same. Linseed meal and 
slippery elm bark, well boiled, makes an excellent poultice; or of 
poplar bark and slippery elm, and a few drops of tincture of myrrh. 
When the poultice is taken off, wash well with a decoction of bay- 
berry. The vegetable caustic^ and the black salve, are good remedies. 
Every time the place is dressed, it should be well washed with soap and 
water; or weak tincture of myrrh and water. The diet must be light 
and nourishing. The patient must take exercise in the open air. 
When the tongue indicates no fever give ton-c bitters. 

Ciirbuucle. — A hard, painful circumscribed tumor, co called from 
carbo, a coal, because the ancients likened the pain it caused to a burn- 
ing coal in a state of perpetual activity. 

Symptoms. — Carbiuicle commences with a nard, red swelling, 
which soon becomes of a purple or livid color; the tumoi-, as it 
extends, becomes soft; little pimples form on the skin around the 
centre mass, which soon breaks into small ulcers, from each of which 
oozes a thin irritating discharge. After some days these small ulcers 
spread, ajul uniting, form 3 or 4 large suppurating surfaces, from 
which the discharge becomes rich and tenacious. Carbuncles more 
frequently attack the old than the young, and most frequently appear 
at the nape of the neck, on the shoulder-blade, between the shoulders, 
or on the nates or buttocks. A carbuncle differs from a boil in having 
no core, and terminating in gangrene, or sloughing, instead of suppur- 



200 A^endix to Medical Department, 

ation. Wherever they occur, they hidicate a low state of vitality, and 
a putrescent or typhoid state of the system. 

Treatment. — A free and deep incision is to be made across the 
swelling as soon as it begins to point, from above downwards, and 
another at right angles, from left to right; after the bleeding, which 
is often considerable, has ceased, the sore is to be poulticed with 
linseed meal or hot bran, till the sloughing has terminated, and the 
wound begins to heal. During the early poulticing, and till the car- 
buncle is opened, a compound colocyntli pill should be given every 
second day, and a dose of the following mixture eveiy six hours, with 
a grain of opium at bed-time, if there be great irritation; 

Take of powdered nitre, 2 scrus.; tartar emetic, 4 grs.; mint 
water, 6 ozs. ; Syrup of saffron, 3 drs. Mix. Two table-spoons for a 
dose ; if sickness should succeed, only 1 spoon is to be taken. As 
soon as the incisions have been made the patient's strength is to be 
kept up by a full diet of animal food, with stout or wine 3 times a 
day. A pill composed of equal parts of colocynth and blue pill, 
every second morning, and the following mixture every 4 hours : 

Take of quassia bark, 1 dr. ; cardamom, seeds, 2 drs, ; canella 
alba bark, 2 dr. ; boiling water. 1 pt. Infuse for 6 hours, strain, and 
add nitric and muriatic acids, of each 30 drops. Mix. A table-spoon 
with the same of water, to be sucked through a quill every 4 hours ; 
and at bed-time a pill containing 2 grs. of quinine. These means, 
with a tepid bath, exercise, and a good diet, will restore tone to the 
system, cause the health}'^ granulation of the wound, and probably 
save the patient from a recurrence of the disease. (See "Boil.'') 

CORNS. — Boil a potato in its skin, and after it is boiled take the 
skin and put the inside of it to the corn, and leave it on for about 12 
hours. At the end of that period the corn will be much better. The 
above useful and simple recipe has been tried, and found to effect a 
remedy. 

A Positive Cure for Corns. — The strongest acetic acid, applied 
night and morning with a camel's-hair brush. In one week the corn, 
whether soft or hard, will disappear. 

Corns. — When small, they may be removed by stimulants or escha- 
rotics; as nitrate of silver (lunar caustic), by wetting the corn, and 
touching it with a pencil of the caustic every evening; previously 
soften the skin by immersing the feet in warm water; or apply a 
blister the size of a sixpence. Or the following remedies: 

Apply fresh every morning, the yeast of small beer spread on a 
rag; or, after paring them close, apply bruised ivy-leaves daily, and 
in fifteen days they will drop out; or, apply chalk powdered and 
mixed with water, — this also cures warts. Some corns are cured by a 
pitch plaster. All are greatly eased by steeping the feet in hot water 
wherein oatmeal is boiled. This also helps dry and hot feet. 

Four ounces of white diachlyon plaster, 4 ozs. of shoemakers' 
wax, and 50 drops of muriatic acid, or spirits of salt. Boil these 
ingredients for a few minutes in an earthen pipkin, and when cold, 
roll the mass out between the hands, or upon a marble slab, slightly 
moistened with olive oil. 

Rub together in a mortar, 2 ozs. of powdered savine leaves; % 
oz. of verdigris, and i^ oz. of red precipitate. Mix, and put some of 
it in a linen bag; apply to the corn at bed-time. 

Some people roast a clove of garlic, and fasten it on with a piece 
of cloth at the time of going to bed. It softens the corns, and re- 
moves the core in two or three nights' using. When the garlic is taken 



Appendix to Medical Department. 201 

off, wash the foot with warm water; in a little time the indurated skin 
that forms the horny tunic of the corn will disappear. 

Avoid tight shoes, boots, and stockings, to be devoid of corns. 

Bathe the feet for 20 or 30 minutes in strong soda water and soft 
soap. After repeating a few times, the corn may be easily drawn out. 
If the corn be soft, apply a rag dipped in turpentine. Corns should 
never be cut without being softened in warm water and soap. 

Sir Astly Cooper gives the following recipe as an infallible cure : 
Gum ammonia, 2 ozs. ; yellow wax, 2 ozs.; verdigris, 6 drs. Melt 
them together, and spread the composition on a piece of soft leather, 
or linen ; cut away as much of the corn as you can with a knife, before 
you apply tiie plaster; renew in a fortnight, if the corn is not gone. 

A hard corn should be soaked night and morning in hot water, 
and scraped. Tincture of iodine, laid on with a camel's-hair brush 
twice a day, will remove a hard corn. For a soft corn, the solution of 
potass should be well rubbed in. 

Tincture of iodine, 4 drs. ; iodide of iron, 12 grs. ; chloride of 
antimony, 4 drs. Mix and apply, after paring the corn. 

After bathing the feet and cutting the corns, apply to them a leaf 
of house-leek, or one of ground-ivy, or of purslane, well steeped in 
vinegar. Renew every evening for a few days. 

Corn Solvent— Sir H. Davy's.— Potash, 2 parts; salt of sorrel, 1 
part. Mix in fine powder. Lay a small quantity on the corn for four 
successive nights, binding it on with rags. 

METHOD OF CURING THE STINGS OF BEES AND WASPS. 
— The sting of a bee is generally more virulent than that of a wasp, 
and with some people attended with very violent effects. The sting 
of a bee is barbed at the end, and consequently always left in the 
wound; that of a wasp is pointed only, so that they can sting more 
than once, which a bee cannot do. When any person is stung by a 
bee, let the sting, in the first place, be instantly pulled out; for the 
longer it remains in the wound, the deeper it will pierce, owing to its 
peculiar form, and emit more of the poison. The sting is hollow, and 
the poison flows through it, which is the sole cause of the pain and 
inflammation. The pulling out of the sting should be done carefully, 
and with a steady hand ; for if any part of it breaks in, all remedies 
then, in a great measure, will be ineflectual. When the sting is ex- 
tracted, suck the wounded part, if possible, and very little inflamma- 
tion, if any, will ensue. If hartshorn drops are immediately after- 
wards rubbed on the part, the cure will be more complete. All notions 
of the efficacy of sweet oil, bruised parsley, burnet, tobacco, etc., 
appear, on various trials, to be totally groundless. On some people, 
the sting of bees and wasps has no effect; it is therefore of little con- 
sequence what remedy they apply to the wound. However, the effect 
of stings greatly depends on the habit of body a person is of; at one 
time a sting may take little or no effect, though no remedy is used, 
which at another time will be very virulent on the same person. We 
have had occasion to test this remedy several times, and can safely 
avouch its efficacy. The exposure to which persons are subjected 
during the hot summer months will, no doubt, render this advice use- 
ful, its very simplicity making it more acceptable. 

THE STING OF A NETTLE can be cured by rubbing the part 
with rosemary, mint, or sage leaves. 

COUP-DE-SOLIEL— SUNSTROKE.— This sudden and dangerous 
disease is very rare in this country, or any part of Europe, but in 
tropical latitudes is very common, especially among those who do not 



202 Appendix to Medical Department. 

take sufficient care to keep the head well defended from the vertical 
rays of the sun. The attack is generally so sudden, that the person 
has only time to be conscious ot" an instantaneous and excruciating 
pain in the head, before he sinks insensible to the earth, or on the deck 
of the ship — struck down as if by an instant apoplexy. 

The treatment in such cases is to be guided in a great measure 
by the age of the patient; bleeding, however, either from the arm or 
temples, must be immediately adopted, cold lotions applied to the 
head, and the nape of the neck cupped; the patient, moreover, is to be 
kept perfectly still, and in a darkened chamber, and the antiphlogistic 
regimen strictly adopted, and by the exhibition of the following mix- 
ture, after a dose of calomel and croton oil; take of Epsom salts, 1 
oz.; tartar emetic, 2 grs.; water, 10 ozs. ; mix. Three table-spoons to 
be given eery four or six hours. 

CRAMPS are irregular spasmodic contractions of the muscles of 
the whole or different parts of the body, causing most severe pain by 
the knotty and hardened state into which their fibres are contracted. 
Though cramp may involve the greater number of the muscles at 
once, the parts most generally affected are those of the feet, legs, 
thiglis, abdomen, and arms. 

The CAUSE sometimes proceeds from the sudden application of 
cold to the heated body, damp slieets, wet feet, or wet clothes; the 
irritation produced on the nervous system by the absorption of lead, 
arsenic, or other mineral poisons, and the exhaustion on long-continued 
evacuations, as in cholera; from the specific action of some animal 
virus^ as in the bite of venomous reptiles, and in bathing, from coming 
In contact with cold springs, and a too lengthened stay in the water. 

Treatment. — Friction will always be found the most valuable 
means for subduing cramps, whether general or local; and if nothing 
else can be obtained, the hand alone, or a piece of flannel, if properly 
used, may be always made of service. "When a hot bath can be ob- 
tained, it should always be employed immediately, and friction used 
while in the water. For the more local kinds of cramp, an embroca- 
tion of camphorated oil, turpentine, and spirits of hartshorn is to be 
employed, rubbed in with the hand in the direction crt the muscular 
fibres. For the cramps that arise from constitutional causes, the 
remedies ordered under the head of these diseases must be consulted; 
while for ordinary local cramps, the embrocation prescribed above, 
with friction, and bottles of hot water to the feet, will be found to be 
generally sufficient. The only internal remedy demanded is an occa- 
sional draught, composed of 1 oz. of brandy, ^ dr. of sal-volatile, 25 
drops of laudanum, 15 drops of ether, and 2 ozs. of water. (See 
" Convulsions," " iSpasms.") 

BUNION. — An inflamed and painful swelling of the bursa mucosa^ 
or sac containing the oil of the joint, chiefly situated on the inside of 
the great toe. This disease, if not remedied in time, is certain to lead 
to a permanent enlargement and disfigurement of the toe. The excit- 
ing cause is generally a long-continued pressure from a tight boot or 
shoe. 

Treatment. — This should commence with a warm bran poultice, 
continued for one or two hours, so as to soften the cuticle of the part; 
a piece of lint, wetted in the extract of lead, is then to be applied, 
cold, round the toe, and tlie lint moistened from time to time with 
moie of the extract. In a few hours all intlammation will have sub- 
sided, and if care be taken not to repeat the pressure, but use a large 
boot, the bunion will be cured. If it be preferred, a couple of leeches 



Appendix to Medical Department. 203 

may be applied, and, after the bleeding, a lotion. But in almost every 
case, the above treatment once or twice repeated will be certain to 
effect a cure. When the toe has become enlarged by the thickening 
of the cartilages, caustic may be rubbed over the part, after the in- 
flammation has been subdued; and when the blackened cuticle peels 
off, the same process may be repeated till absorption has carried off 
the swelling. 

A piece of thick buckskin, or agaric, with a hole cut out for the 
swollen part to come through, and then spread with adhesive plaster, 
should be worn for several days, to take off all pressure from the toe 
when shoes or boots have to be worn. 

Bunion. — A plaster of Burgundy pitch should be kept over a 
bunion ; or a piece of lint or linen rag wetted with a strong solution 
of sal-ammoniac, to be kept on constantly wet. Poultice them with 
house-leek and ground-ivy dipped in strong vinegar. Some recom- 
mend the application of caustic to the part, and also the application of 
leeches, and the Burgundy pitch and soap plasters spread upon soft 
leather. To be free from bunions and corns, especially avoid pressure 
from tight boots, shoes, and stockings; the last are very injurious, as 
they compress the feet by their elasticity. 

CATARRH. — This comprises a cold in the head^ or influenza. Both 
begin with chilliness, sneezing, bad appetite, running at the nose, red 
and watery eyes, fever, etc. It is inflammation of the mucous mem- 
brane of the nostrils, or bronchial passages. Sometimes there is a 
slight cough only, and sometimes a harrassing one. It is caused by 
exposure to cold or wet, damp, epidemic poison. To cure, let the diet 
be low, drink toast and water, warm gruel, or barley-water acidulated 
with a little lemon or cream -of-tartar. Bathe the feet at bed-time in 
hot water. Use the vapor bath, or wrap hot bricks in cloths or flan- 
nels dipped in vinegar and water, to the feet and sides. Should the 
cough be troublesome, take a cough pill or the pulmonary syrup. 

CHAPPED HANDS. — Rub them night and morning with raw 
linseed oil. 

Chapped Hands. — Rub a little glycerine (which can be bought at 
any chemist's), with a little borax, upon your hands at night, and wear 
gloves in bed. 

Chapped Hands, etc, — Wash with soft soap, mixed with red sand ; 
or, wash them in sugar and water ; or, apply a little sal-prunello. 

Chapped Lips. — Clarified honey, a table-spoon; pour a few drops 
of rose or lavender water into it. Apply it to the lips often. Or, 
honey, 1 oz.; litharge and myrrh, each 3^ oz. ; melt, and perfume; cork 
well. 

Chapped Hands and Lips. — The first of these troublesome com- 
plaints is most frequently the result of neglect in not sufficiently drying 
the hanas after washing, and exposing them, in a wet or damp state, 
to the influence of cold winds, and the action of the weather. Some- 
times, however, it proceeds from a scrofulous state of the system, or 
a scorbutic condition of the cuticle. Persons aftected by, or liable to, 
chapped hands, should be particularly careful always to dry them 
well after washing, and either smear a little honey on the backs of 
the hands and fingers on removing them from the water, rubbing it 
well into the cuticle, and then drying them; or they should, after 
drying them, effectually dust them with violet powder, so as to absorb 
any adhering moisture, and close the pores. For chaps the result of a 
scorbutic state, if the honey is not sufficient to restore the skin to a 
natural smoothness, the following ointment should be rubbed on every 



204 Appendix to Medical Department, 

night, the hands being afterwards encased in gloves till the morning: 
Take of citron ointment, 1 dr.; camphor, powdered, 1 dr.; white 
ointment, 6 drs. Mix. 

Chapped Lips.— Though sometimes the result of cold winds, they 
far more frequently proceed from the state of the stomach and bowels, 
and can only be cured by taking a few doses of an aperient pill or 
mixture, and the nightly application of a cerate made by rubbing a 
drachm of camphor with 2 drachms of white or spermaceti ointment. 

CANCER, — ^A cancer is a hard, indolent tumor, usually seated in 
some of the glands, as the arm-pits, eye, nose, lips, tongue, womb, and 
the female breast; the two last are most subject to it. It affects the 
aged more than the young, and mny exist for years. It commences 
with a small, hard tumor, increasing slowly, and attended with acute 
shooting pains; sooner or later ulceration sets in. The discharge is so 
acrid as to inflame the part with which it comes in contact. The place 
where cancer occurs assumes a purplish appearance previous to its 
ulceration. Ulceration gives ease for a time, but the cancer penetrates 
deeper, and spreads wider, corrupting the stream of life, and reducing 
to the greatest debility, and often terminating in death. 

To CURE, remove debility, and improve the general health. Reg- 
ulate the bowels, and give an emetic. Give a vapor bath made of 
bitter herbs, as camomile, hops, catnip, tansy, etc., and boiling water 
and vinegar. Occasionally rub the whole surface of the body with the 
following liniment: Cayenne, 1 tea-spoon; salt, 2 table-spoons; pour 
upon them ^ pt. of boiling water; infuse 3 hours, and then add ^ 
pt. of boiling water ; infuse 1 hour longer, stirring occasionally. 
Steaming with the bitter herbs, combined as above, allays the pain, 
swelling and inflammation. The following pills will be of much use: 
Blood-root, 13>^dr.; extract of dandelion, 3 drs.; lobelia seed, 1 dr.; 
cayenne, 1 dr. ; senna, in powder, 1 dr. ; add 3 drops of oil of mint, 
and form into pills. These pills will be found very efficacious in the 
cure of jaundice, and liver complaints. 

Citric acid will relieve the pain of cancers. Dr. Brandini, of 
riorence, had a patient, aged 71, aftlicted with cancer on the tongue. 
An operation could not be made, for the affection was too extensive, 
investing the base, the sub-lingual, and the sub-maxillary glands. In 
the midst of his pain, the poor man asked for a lemon. It abated the 
pain; and the next day it gave him still greater relief. This led the 
doctor to try citric acid ; 4 grs. of the acid, in 1 oz. of water ; and this, 
as a gargle, entirely carried oft' the pain, and reduced the swelling of 
the tongue very much. The doctor tried the same remedy on a female 
with an ulcerous cancer on the breast, deemed incurable. Her tor- 
ments were so great, that neither she nor the other patients could get 
any rest. He applied a pledget of lint soaked in the above solution, 
and the relief was instantaneous. It was repeated with the same suc- 
cess. Thus citric acid promises to be a great boon to mankind. Citric 
acid is prepared from lemons. 

Externally apply the following : Simmer cicuta leaves till they 
are soft, then mix them with slippery elm bark, to form a poultice; 
apply morn and night. It is valuable. Or apply the irritating plaster^ 
for a continual discharge must be kept up, as the patient is able to 
bear it. The douch bath has been recommended, and doubtless it has 
had a good eftect in many cases. The following applications are 
useful : 

Cayenne and lobelia seed, equal quantities, powdered; meadow- 
fern and balm of gilead buds, of each 3 ozs. (these two steeped in 



Appendix to Medical Department. 205 

spirits for five or six days, and made into ointment, with lard suffi- 
cient.) Unite tlie whole as a paste, and apply to the cancer, covering 
with a cloth. When the plaster is talven oft', wash with soap-suds. Or 
burn a quantity of red oalc bark to ashes, and make into lye. Boil 
the lye till it becomes as thick as honey. Then apply constantly. 
Such preparations, by their stimulating and relaxing properties, excite 
a preternatural discharge, or cause a sloughing of the ulcer, and thus 
remove or lessen it. Use one of these ointments principally, the Black 
Salve occasionally, and after much discharge, dress with an emollient 
ointment. This treatment has effected numerous cures. (See ''Black 

Salve ") 

A decoction of narrow-leaved dock-root has been found to produce 
rare effects Saturated cloths with the same may also be applied. Or 
the root may be powdered, and made into an ointment with lobelia 

seeds powdered. , . ., „ -, i ■■ 

Cancer Plaster.— White oak bark, 4 oz. ; bruise it well, and add 
urine sufficient to cover it Infuse four days, boil it till it becomes as 
thick as molasses. Add 2 ozs. of honey, and 2 ozs. of strained tur- 
pentine gum. To make this plaster caustic, add 2 drs. of white vitriol. 
Spread on soft leather, or linen. It may be applied to all kinds of 
ulcers, white swellings. For cancers it is invaluable. 

Cancer.— Use the cold bath. This has cured many. A bleeding 
cancer was cured by drinking twice a day a quarter of a pint of the 
juice of clivers, or goose grass, and covering the wound with the 
bruised leaves. Another by the following recipe : . . ,,/ 

Take K pt- of small beer. When it boils, dissolve in it \% ozs. of 
bees-wax; then put in 1 oz. of hog's lard, and boil them together. 
When it is cold, pour the beer from it, and apply it spread on white 
leather. Renew it every other day. It brings out great blotches, 
which are to be washed with sal-prunello dissolved in warm water. 

If it be not broken, apply a piece of sheet lead beat very thin, and 
pricked full of pin-lioles, for days or weeks to the breast. Purges 
should be added every third or fourth day. Or, rub the whole breast 
morning and evening with spirits of hartshorn mixed with oil. Or, 
keep it continually moist with honey. 

COLD.— Never neglect a cold. It may be the forerunner of some 
disease difficult to cure. Consumption often follows a neglected.cold. 
A cold is caused by the loss of heat, and a decrease of nervous energy, 
causing an obstruction of the perspiration. , ,. . 

To remove a cold, restore the perspiration. Take a decoction ot 
the sudorific herbs, as catnip, pennyroyal, yarrow, or angelica. Take 
the composition powder (which see). Place the feet in warm water 
before going to bed, and put a bottle of water to the feet, wrapped m 
cloth wet with vinegar and water. Give a basin of hot gruel, and let 
the patient oft drink of the herb tea. Repeat this treatment, if nec- 
essary- If the throat is sore, wet some hops in hot vinegar, put m 
cloth, and wrap around the neck. If the cough is troublesome, use 
some of the cough remedies. (See "Cough.") ^ ., « 

Or, take linseed, 1 cup ; raisins, 4 ozs, ; licorice m stick, 2 penny- 
worth ; soft water, 2 qts. ; simmer till reduced to 1 qt. ; add 4 ozs. ot 
suo-ar candy, 1 table-spoon of old rum, and 1 of good vinegar, or 
lemon juice. Add the rum and vinegar as the decoction is taken. 
Take a cupful two or three times a day. The patient should lie in 

bed a dav or two. _ , . , . . ^A 

Cold in the Head.— M. Farn, a Belgian physician, says, a cold 

may often be arrested by a brisk friction of the back of the head with 



2o6 Appendix to Medical Department. 

some stimulant lotion, as lavender water, sal-volatile, etc. And also 
a similar rubbing, two or three times a week, will prevent the 
"catching" of a cold bj^ those who are liable to do so from slight 
causes. 

Cold — To Ayoid Catching, — Accustom yourself to the use of 
sponging with cold water every morning on first getting out of bed, 
followed with a good deal of rubbing with a wet towel. It has con- 
siderable efllect in giving tone to the skin, and maintaining a proper 
action in it, and proves a safeguard to the injurious influence of cold 
and sudden change of temperature. Sir Astley Cooper said, "The 
methods by which I have preserved my own health are — temperance, 
early rising, and sponging the body every morning with cold water, 
immediately after getting out of bed; a practice which I have adopted 
for thirty years without ever catching cold." 

Cold, A, To Cure. — The following plan is very effectual in curing 
most colds, but not all : Let a man eat next to nothing for two days, 
provided he is not confined to bed, for by taking no carbon into the 
system by food, and by consuming the surplus which caused his dis- 
ease, by breath, he soon carries o^ his disease by removing the cause. 
This will be found more efl'ectual if he adds copious water draughts 
to the protracted fasting. By the time a person has fasted one day 
and night, he will experience a freedom from disease, and a clearness 
of mind, in a delightful contrast wich mental stupor, and physical 
pain caused by colds. 

Or take 1 handful of yarrow, 3^ an oz. of ginger root, bruised, or 
1 tea-spoon of cayenne pepper, and about 3 pts. of water. Boil to 1 
pt. Add a little sugar if you like. Take a good dose at bed-time, and 
your cold will be cured by the next morning; if not, repeat the dose. 

Cold is a mere relative term, and signifies a less degree of heat, 
or the absence of a definite amount of caloric. In this sense the term 
is chiefly confined to the science of chemistry. Cold, regarded as a 
substance, either in the form of snow, ice, or water at a low degree of 
temperature, is sometimes used as a valuable agent in the treatment 
of disease. When employed to reduce inflammatory action, or lower 
the temperature of the body or a part of the frame, other articles, such 
as ether and vinegar, are employed — though hot and stimulating in 
tbemselves — to produce cold, or suddenly reduce the temperature of a 
part, by the action of evaporation. 

Cold, A. — A conventional term used generally to express an ab- 
normal condition of the system, analagous to a mild form of influenza, 
catarrh, or some afiection of the respiratory organs or air-passages, 
accompanied with more or less of hoarseness, running at the nose and 
eyes, headache, and general lassitude and debility. See "Catarrh." 

Cold in the Head. — This is a local form of what may be called 
an attack of influenza, and without materially aft'ecting the general 
health, is very frequently a most distressing form of indisposition. 
The symptoms are a fullness and oppression of the head, hot and 
bloodshot eyes, effusion of tears, discharge of thin mucus from the 
nose, ^^'ith sore throat and a contraction of the scalp. The treatment 
of a cold, whether attended with constitutional symptoms, such as 
shivering and diminished secretions, or simply confined to the head, is 
nearly the same in all cases. This should begin with a warm bath, 
taken about eight o'clock at night, with a free use of the flesh-brush 
during the five minutes allowed in the water, followed an hour after 
by a powder composed of powdered nitre, 8 grs. ; opium and ipecacu- 
anha, of each 1 gr. ; and succeeded, in half au hour later, by a basin 



Appendix to Medical Department. 207 

of hot gruel — the patient, by immediately going to bed, and by extra 
clothes, endeavoring to get into a copious perspiration. When the 
bath is inconvenient, a pail of hot water should be carried to the bed- 
side, and when the invalid is undressed, the feet and as much of the 
legs as can be reached should be hastily plunged up and down three or 
four times in the hot water, till the limbs appear of a bright red ; the 
water being made as hot as it can be endui-ed without pain. The 
limbs are then to be hastily enveloped — undried — in a blanket, and the 
patient, getting into bed, just before lying down should drink half a 
pint of egg-flip. When the throat is particularly sore, a small piece 
of sal-prunello or of Spanish juice may, in addition to the other 
means, be placed in the moutli on finally lying down for the night. In 
most cases the above simple means will be found sufficient, if the water 
has been hot enough to cause a determination of blood to the feet, and 
predispose the bod}^ to the action of the powder, or the flip, on the 
skin. When the symptoms are aggravated, and do not yield to the 
first means, the feet should be immersed on the following evening in 
hot water, and the following powder taken before the gruel : Take 
of Dover's powder, 10 grs. ; antimonial powder, 4 grs. Mix. 

COLIC. — This is a spasmodic aflection of the bowels, especially of 
the colon. It begins with, great pain in the bowels, especially just 
under the navel, nausea, retching, and vomiting. The pain is of a 
sharp, twisting character, very distressing. This affection is caused 
by wind, disagreeing food, acrid bile, obstinate costiveness, worms, 
noxious metallic vapors, etc. 

Flatulent Colic. — Give a tea-cup of the anti-spasmodic tincture^ 
in a cup of peppermint tea; or a tea-spoon of Turkey rhubarb, and 
one of magnesia, with a pinch of cayenne pepper ; this will often 
aftord relief. Apply fomentations or friction to the abdomen. If the 
bowels are not operated upon, give castor oil, ]^ oz,; add also a simple 
injection. 

The Bilious Colic is more severe. It is known from the former 
by a bitter taste in the mouth, great thirst, fever, vomiting of bilious 
matter, headache, and great costiveness. The remedies must be the 
same, but stronger and brisker. The neutralizing mixture must not 
be forgotten ; give also the stimulating injection. 

Colic, Bilious. — Drink warm lemonade. I know nothing like it. 
Or, give a spoonful of sweet oil every hour. This cured one at the 
point of death. 

Colic. — Drink strong camomile and ginger tea; or, from 30 to 40 
drops of oil of anise-seed; or, apply outwardly a bag of hot oats, or 
bran ; or, steep the legs in hot water; or, take as much Datty's Elixir 
as will purge. Very eft'ectual. 

Colic Ball for Horses. — Powdered opium, 3^ dr. ; Castile soap and 
camphor, of each 2 drs. ; cayenne pepper, 1 dr.; ginger, 1 dr. Make 
into a ball with licorice powder and molasses. If the horse is consti- 
pated as well, add to the ball 5 or 6 drops of croton oil. 

Colic. — There are few diseases attended with more pain and incon- 
venience than this comparatively harmless affection ; for though its 
symptoms are very urgent and even severe, colic very seldom proves 
fatal. Physicians have made almost as many varieties of colic, with 
a distinctive name to each variety, as there are sj'^mptoms to the dis- 
ease. 

Avoiding this unnecessary confusion of terms, we shall confine 
our remarks to common colic only. 

Causes of Common Colic— The exciting causes are extremely 



2o8 Appendix to Medical Department, 

numerous, and may be either external or internal. Of the first, the 
sudden application of a wet or damp portion of clothing next the skin 
of the abdomen, cold or wet feet, or unbuttoning the coat when vio- 
lently lieated, and admitting cold air to the part, are among the most 
general of the external causes inducing this disease. The internal 
are either from partaliing of too much unripe or acid fruit, from an 
accumulation of undigested food in the stomach, acid drinks, an excess 
of bile in tlie system, crude vegetable aliment, the eating of poisonous 
fungi, worms, and from a long costive state of the bowels. 

Symptoms. — These consist of an enlarged condition of the lower 
part of the abdomen, with a retraction or drawing in of the navel, 
accompanied by an extremely painful twisting and twining motion of 
the bowels, with a rumbling, flatulent noise, sickness, and sometimes 
vomiting; and as the hardness and distension of tlie belly increases, 
cramps or spasms occur, either in the abdominal muscles, or in those 
of the thighs and lees. 

The only diseases with which colic can be confounded are cholera 
and inflamniation of the bowels. From the first it is distinguished by 
tlie absence of diarrhea; and from the last by the pain being relieved 
by pressure; and finally, from all painful affections of the abdomen, 
by the twisting pain at the navel. 

Treatment. — In all cases, and from whatever cause the attack 
has been induced, the first exertions should be directed to subduing 
the pain. For this purpose the feet should be plunged into hot water, 
and the front of the abdomen fomented with flannels wrung out of 
hot water and turpentine, and the following mixture, preceded by an 
assafoetida pill, given immediately : Take of spirits of camphor, 20 
drops; laudanum, 40 drops; water, 1 oz.; mix, and add castor oil, 6 
drs. Tlie whole to be taken at once. 

If the pain is not relieved witliin a reasonable time, an injection 
of half a pint of warm gruel, to which 1 dr. of tincture of assafoetida 
and 2 drs. of turpentine have been added, should, about two hours 
after the pill and oil, be thrown up the bowels, tlie fomentation con- 
tinued to the stomach, and the feet keot hot with heated bricks. When 
the pains and spasms are excessive, inflammation of the bowels may 
be apprehended, and, indeed, sometimes does ensue; in which case it 
is often necessary to bleed, tiiough the same result can be obtained, 
without tlie consequent debility, by giving doses of the following 
mixture till the pulse is reduced and the pain abated. Take of cam- 
phor water, 8 ozs. ; powdered nitre, 2 scrs. ; tartar emetic, 4 grs. ; laud- 
anum, 2 drs. ; mix. Two table-spoons to be given every hour for 
three doses, and repeated every four hours afterwards, if required. 
As soon as the colic pains have been subdued, it will be necessary to 
give either a dose of carbonate of soda, or magnesia and soda, if acid 
in the stomach has caused the. attack; a mild dose of colocynth pills if 
it has been from costiveness; or a blue and colocynth pill if from an 
excess of bile; or whatever remedy the primarj'^ cause of the disease 
may seem to call for. 

Colic is generally confined to that portion of the large intestine 
called the arch of the colon, and is purely a functional disorder. 

CHILBLAINS. — To cure chilblains, simply bathe the parts affected 
in the water in which potatoes have been boiled, as hot as can be 
borne. On the first appearance of this ailment, indicated by inflam- 
mation and irritation, this bath affords relief. In the more advanced 
stages, repetition prevents breaking out, followed by a certain cure; 
and an occasional adootion will prevent a return. 



Appendix to Medical Department, 209 

Chilblains. — Take 1 oz. of white copperas; dissolve in a quart of 
water, and apply it occasionally to the affected parts. Let this be used 
before the chilblains break. Or, apply a poultice of roasted onions. 
Or, wash with a decoction of horse-radish made with vinegar and 
water. Or, with a little camphorated brandy. 

Or rub into them before the fire, a solution of white vitriol and 
sugar of lead. If the chilblains are broken it must not be used. Or, 
take lard, 2 ozs.; turpentine, 3^ oz. ; camphor, ^^ oz.; melted togetlier. 

If the parts liave been frost-bitten, keep from the fire; immerse 
the parts in snow or cold water; then apply brisk friction, and a little 
camphorated spirits. To ease the pain, apply an elm bark poultice, or 
a poultice made of wheat bran, soft soap, and table salt. Apply after- 
wards the black or healing salve. 

If unbroken, take sal-ammoniac, 1 oz.; vinegar, % pt«; bathe the 
part. Alum and salt will do, but not so effectually — mix in vinegar 
and water. If the chilblains are old, use the ''Stimulating Lini- 
ment." 

Chilblain Liniment. — One ounce of camphorated spirit of wine ; 
3^ oz. of liquid sub-acetate. Mix, and apply in the usual way three or 
four times a day. Some persons use vinegar as a preventive; its effi- 
cacy may be increased by the addition of one-fourth of its quantity of 
camphorated spirit. 

Chilblain Lotion.— Get 1 dr. of sugar of lead ; 2 drs. of white 
vitriol ; reduce them to a fine powder, and add 4 ozs. of water. Before 
using this lotion, it is to be well shaken, then rubbed well on the parts 
affected, before a good fire, with the hand. The best time for applica- 
tion is in the evening. It scarcely ever fjiils curing the most inveterate 
chilblains by once or twice using. It is not to be used on broken 
chilblains. 

CONSTIPATION, COSTIVENESS.— A sluggish state of the lower 
bowel, causing the retention of the faeces. It is a very common disease. 
It may be caused by food hard to be digested, by ardent spirits which 
have a very constipating infiuence, and debilitate the lower bowel ; 
frequent excessive purges have the same effect. Sedentary employ- 
ments, the want of exercise, and fresh air, and not drinking water in 
sufficient quantity, lead to costiveness. It is often attended with many 
distressing symptoms, and is the cause of various dangerous diseases ; 
as piles, fistula, indigestion, hernia, colic, cholera. And it is also the 
effect of many diseases. 

Constipation is to be removed by an attention to diet, by adopting 
a vegetable diet, and by eating bread made of unsifted flour ; that is, 
no bran, sharps, etc., taken away. Also, by taking much exercise, and 
a more copious supply of diluents, especially toast and water. Make a 
regular habit of evacuating once a day at a fixed hour, and always 
make an effort whether successful or not. Assist the bowels by an 
injection of warm water, about half a pint; if very obstinate, add to 
the water a little castor oil. For several nights take one or two of the 
dyspeptic pill; or one or two of the following: 

Powdered aloes, jalap, gamboge, colocynth, extract of gentian, 
mandrake, cayenne pepper, of each % oz. ; castile soap, 3^ oz. ; oil of 
peppermint, % ^^- ^"^^^ well, and form into pills. It purges without 
grilling and weakening. Dose. — Two or three pills. 

Sulphur is a good remed}^ especially when there is a tendency to 
piles. If there is a deficiency of bile, take blood-root (which see,) with 
a little powdered dandelion root. The flesh brush, cold sponging, and 
the shower-bath, are excellent remedies. 



2IO Appendix to Medical Depart7nent, 

Constipation or Costiveness. — Professor Phoibus, of Giessen, re- 
fers habitual costiveness to the followino: causes: 

The too spare use of articles of diet which promote the action 
of the bowels. Water is placed tirst. It is taken by many in insufficient 
quantity. In sedentary occupations the sensation of thirst !.« too sel- 
dom excited, and the habitual frequency of such sensation may be 
diminished if the satisfaction of the call be neglected. To this class of 
aliments belong fruits, salads, sour milk, honey, and fat. Manj'^ country 
people, who sell all their produce, eat little of these things, and the 
poorer inhabitants of towns get them in InsuflScient quantity. Those 
persons who can procure them, eat salads and fats in too small quan- 
tities. Too little bodily exercise. Want of exercise of the powers of 
the large intestine. This is the most influential of all the causes. It is 
an error to suppose that the power of the will extends only over the 
sphincter ; for it prevails much higher, only it requires more time for 
its exertion. Several minutes, or a quarter of an hour, may be re- 
quired to initiate the evacuatory movement. By exercising it, we in- 
crease the disposition of the intestine to act, but this is rarely the case 
in less than five minutes. 

Numerous remedies have been recommended for constipation ; but 
the action of medicinal substances in so chronic an affection may be- 
come prejudicial, especiallj'^ such as exert a cliemical action, as salts or 
drastics. If a stool is desired, the patient must earnestly practice the 
necessary gymnastic, which consists in alternate movements of the 
rectum as during actual evacuation, and in rapidly drawing in and 
then expanding the abdominal muscles. Such movements may be 
commenced in the chamber and completed in the closet, several min- 
utes, a quarter of an hour, or even more, being required. If evacua- 
tion has commenced, but has not proved productive enough, the 
movements must be continued, the person resolving not to quit the 
closet until the aim has been attained. The movements are the same 
as those normally employed ; but they are more rapid, and continued 
for a longer time. Kneading and rubbing the abdomen, may be use- 
ful but they are unnecessary ; and may be reserved for those not able 
to follow the above directions, such as children, etc. 

An adult should compel a stool every day. In from 4 to 8 weeks, 
a complete mastery may be acquired over the intestine, so that a stool 
may be always secured once in the 24 hours. This powerful agency 
acts more efficiently when conjoined with articles of diet favorable to 
an open state of the bowels. A large quantity of water will be more 
easily drank if at first carbonic acid gas be added. An adult, during 
winter, should take from 50 to 70 ozs. daily, (deducting from this the 
eqivalent of any artificial drinks he may take), a larger quantity still 
during great bodily exertion, and from 1^ to twice the quantity in a 
summer. When raw fruit gives rise to flatulence, it may be taken 
cooked with spices, and especially when dried and cooked. With 
greater regularity of stools, flatulence becomes less, the food being 
retained for a less time within the canal. Exercise is of great service; 
but it exerts no sudden ettect, and at first may even induce constipa- 
tion. 

Trying the plan upon himself when a student, the author has, 
during his 28 years of practice, recommended it to an immense num- 
ber of persons, and in the great majority of cases, with complete 
success. He has attained the power of procuring a daily stool at any 
convenient time between 4 o'clock a. m., and mid-day, the average 
time required being a quarter of an hour. Only on one occasion dur- 



Appendix to Medical Department 211 

mg 30 years has he failed in his object. The plan is not so suitable 
for the aged; and is inapplicable to women during advanced pregMiancy, 
or in organic disease or prolapsus of the uterus. When from insuffi- 
cient perseverance the means does not succeed, cold water clysters 
form the best supplement ; and, exceptionally, salt and oil, with cam- 
omile tea, etc., may be thrown up. The author never gives purga- 
tives by the mouth in chronic constipation, believing it to be most 
impolitic to irritate the stomach and small intestines, disturbing chylo- 
poesis, and introducing into the blood materials that are always more 
or less injurious. 

CONSUMPTION.— The word is derived from the Latin verb coro- 
sumo, to consume or to waste away. It is also called phthisis, from 
the Greek verb phthio, to waste away. Consumption is the most fre- 
quent and most fatal of all pulmonary diseases. It often begins with 
a slight dry cough, so slight and painless as not to attract notice. By 
and by the cough increases, and expectoration gradually becomes 
copious, thick, yellow, and tinged with blood. Sometimes the appe- 
tite remains tolerable, but the breathing is more difficult, especially 
during and after bodily exertion, and the pulsation is become acceler- 
ated. There is a gradual emaciation of the body, debility, night 
sweats, interrupted rest, the hectic flush, or a bright scarlet spot on the 
cheek, especially after eating, tightness of the chest, and acute pains 
under the breast-bone. In the last stage emaciation rapidly increases, 
and the patient has alternations of hope and fear as to recovery. 
Hope, however, the most prevails. 

As to the treatment of consumption, Dr. Beach says, " If the pathol- 
ogy of phthisis consists in a diseased state of the blood, all former treat- 
ment is wrong, or very inefficient. We prescribe for the symptoms 
instead of the cause. If the elements of this disease circulate in the 
blood, as in scrofula, syphilis, and other complaints, and are thrown 
by the efforts of the system to the lungs, and these develop tubercles 
then is it not obvious that we must prescribe alteratives, or such medi- 
cines as will eradicate its moi'bid condition ? " It is evident from these 
rational remarks, that the nature of this disease, and that of others, 
depends upon a morbid and diseased condition of the blood. Hence 
then there must be an attempt to alter the quality of the blood. Remove 
all the causes which produced this disease, as obstructed perspiration, 
evacuations, and secretions, a cold and damp residence, insufficient 
warmth, and clothing, intemperance, venery, and self-polution; the 
last habit is the most prolific cause of consumption. 

In the first stage of consumption, special attention must be given 
to the skin and bowels, by adopting the vapor bath, stimulating lini- 
ments, (See "Stimulating Liniments,") and also injections, to equalize 
the circulation, reduce all feverish symptoms, and prevent night 
sweats. A medicated vapor bath is the best; which see. Put the patient 
to bed, and place to the feet and sides hot bricks wrapped in cloths 
dipped in vinegar, and half wrung out, and give an emetic; repeat 
this process once or twice a week, and sponge morning and evening 
with the aforenamed liniment, and occasionally in the morning with a 
decoction of poplar bark. Rub very dry with a towel. This will 
prevent night sweats. To improve the appetite, if bad, give the tonic 
bitters, (See "Tonic Bitters.") If the patient is constipated, give an 
injection of 3^ pint of warm water, or thin gruel, with a little butter, 
or sweat oil, or castor oil, adding 1 or 2 tea-spoons of tincture of 
myrrh. Sometimes a lax state of the bowels prevails; in that case 
give from 10 to 15 drops of laudanum; or mix finely pulverized char- 



212 Appendix to Medical Department. 

coal, 2 parts, and magnesia, 1 part; a table-spoon occasionally, or give 
the neutralizing mixture ; which see. Let the cough syrup be taken 2 
or 3 times a day, to promote expectoration, ease pain, etc. Let the 
patient's diet be light, nourishing, and easy of digestion. 

In cases of consumption, the celebrated Dr. Beach, very highly 
extols the use of sanguinaria canadensis, or blood-root. It is a sedative 
and alterative of great power; in reducing the pulsation it is superior 
to digitalis, and it does not debiliate at all. It promotes the secretions 
of the liver and therefore promotes the appetite; it is a powerful tonic 
and when it is taken properly nothing tends more to check morbific 
influence, to promote the secretions, appetite, and digestion, and to 
improve the muscular power, and facial appearance. In restraining 
spitting of blood, and especially in females where the menses are sub- 
stituted by the effusion of blood from the lungs, no medicine is so 
etficacious as blood-root ; (which see ) 

As to the benefit to be derived from cod liver oil, the matter is 
dubious. It is feeding, but not antiseptic. It may prevent, to some 
extent, emaciation; but to prevent the formation of tubercles, and, 
consequently, decay, it is a matter of doubt. Much benefit may be 
derived from gentle emetics, tonics, the irritating plaster ; (which see,) 
and for pain in the side the rheurrMtic liquid. Also constant fiesh air 
in a genial atmosphere. The following syrup is a fine expectorant 
and alterative : 

Blood-root, 4 ozs. ; bruise and simmer in a qt. of water, down to a 
pt. nearly; add 1 lb. of sugar; simmer again to form a syrup; and 3^ 
oz. of solution of iodine of iron; take a teaspoonful 2 or 3 times 
a day. 

Many have derived much benefit from tar water, and some have 
been completely cured by it. "In Dr, John William's Legacy to the 
TTorZd," this recipe is given — common tar, a table-spoon; honey, 3 
table-spoons; 3 yolks of hen's egg; wine, 3^ pt. Mix and bottle for 
use. A tea-spoon 3 times a day. 

Should the bowels be extremely relaxed, take a grain of powdered 
alum and a grain of sulphate of iron, as a powder. This has per- 
formed wonders. Drink much barley water, taking occasionally 5 or 
6 drops of tlie oil of anise-seeds to relieve the cough. Chlorodyne 
also affords mucli relief to a cough. 

With regard to climate for the consumptive it is not only as uni- 
form a climate as can be found that is wanted, but the same means of 
eradicating the disease as the patient had in his own country, but 
where he was prevented by fitful weather from making use of them. 
Occupation for his mind and body is essential to recovery. His 
object should be to remain as much as possible in the open air; to 
enjoy moderate daily exercise for several hours; to partake of a 
mixed and wholesome nourishing diet; to be refreshed by undisturbed 
repose during the night; to cleanse the body by daily ablutions; and 
to liave his mind diverted by new and cheerful scenery, from home 
longings, and from dwelling too much upon the nature of his malady. 

Dr. Richardson, in his treatise upon pulmonary consumption, 
says, " I shall recommend no particular place as a resort for consump- 
tives. It should be near the sea coast, and sheltered from the north- 
erly winds; the soil should be dry; the drinking water pure; the 
mean temperature about 60^, with a range of not more than 10'' or 15° 
on either side. It is not easy to fix any degree of humidity ; but 
extremes of dryness or of moisture are alike injurious. It is of 
importance, in selecting a locality, that the scenery should be enticing. 



Appendix to Medical Department, 213 

so that the patient may be the more encouraged to spend his time out 
of doors in walking, or riding exercise ; and a town where the resi- 
dences are isolated and scattered about, and where drainage and 
cleanliness are attended to, is preferable to one where the houses are 
densely packed, however small the population. 

A sea-voyage is sometimes recommended in incipient consumption. 
This is often followed by a total suspension, or removal of the disease, 
in cases where it is judiciously recommended. Short voyages are 
often more injurious than beneficial. To a delicate person going out 
to India, a voyage around the Cape is of great benefit ; but the most 
serviceable voyage is one to Australia, New Zeeland, and back again. 
The great advantage is the enjoyment of a perpetual summer, which 
may be effected by leaving this country about the beginning or mid- 
dle of October, and returning before the cold weather sets in at the 
antipodes. 

Consumption.— One in a deep consumption was advised to drink 
nothing but water, and eat nothing but water gruel, without salt or 
sugar. In three months' time he was quite well. 

Tako no food but new buttermilk, churned in a bottle, and white 
bread. I have known this successful; or use as common drink, spring 
water and new milk, each 1 qt., and sugar candy, 2 ozs. ; or boil 2 
handfuls of sorrel in 1 pt. of whey, strain it, and drink a glass thrice 
a dajr ; or turn a pt. of skimmed milk with ^ pt. of small beer. 
Boil in this whey about 20 ivy-leaves, and 2 or 3 sprigs of hyssop. 
Drink half over night, the rest in the morning. Do this if needful, 
for 2 months daily. This has cured in a desperate case. Tried ; or 
every morning cut a little turf of fresh earth, and laying down, 
breathe in the hole for a quarter of an hour; or take in for a quarter 
of an hour, morning and evening, the steam of white resin and bees- 
wax, boiling on a hot fire-shovel. This has cured one who was in the 
third stage of consumption; or take morning and evening a tea- 
spoon of white resin powdered and mixed with honey. This cured 
one in less than a month, who was near death ; or drink thrice a day 
2 spoons of juice of water cresses. This has cured a deep consump- 
tion. In the last stage, suck a healthy woman daily. This has cured 
my father. For diet, use milk and apples, or water gruel, made with 
fine flour. Drink cider whey, barley water, sharpened with lemon 
juice, or apple water. So long as the tickling cough continues, chew 
well, and swallow a mouthful or two of biscuit or crust of bread twice 
a day. If you cannot swallow it, spit it out. This will always shorten 
the fit, and would often prevent a consumption. 

Consumption. — Useful Drink for. — Colt'sfoot, 2 ozs. ; horehound, 
rue, of each 1 oz. ; and blood-root, 3 drs. Boil in 3 qts. of water down 
to 2 qts. Strain, and to the liquor, add of figs and sugar, of each 4 
ozs., and boil 15 minutes. Take a wine glass 3 or 4 times a day. 

CONYULSIONS.— In Children.— -They originate in some derange- 
ment or irritation of the bowels, stomach, brain, or from teething. 
Give an aperient, as magnesia and rhubarb, and a warm bath at about 
90°, and apply to the head linen dipped in the water. The following 
powder is useful : 

Rhubarb in powder, 8 grs.; super-sulphate of potash, 12 gr§. Mix. 
Give also a little syrup of poppies. If aperients cannot be taken give a 
mild injection ; as a little epsom salts in barley gruel, with a little but- 
ter ; or a weak solution of salt and water, with a few drops of oil, or 
butter. 

Convulsions often arise from over-feeding; this must be avoided. 



214 Appendix to Medical Department. 

If indigestible food has been taken, give an emetic, the wine of ipecac- 
uanha; or if the patient cannot be sufficiently roused from sleep, so 
as to take the emetic, tickle the back part of the mouth with a feather 
to produce the elfect. 

If the convulsions are obstinate, apply friction along the spine, 
when in the bath ; or out of it, rub the spine with an anodyne com- 
posed of 10 drops of laudanum, 10 drops of oil, and 6 drops of tincture 
of cayenne. Mustard plasters may be applied a minute or two to the 
legs and feet. If convulsions are caused by teething, the gums must 
be lanced a little. 

CHOLERA. — A compound of two Greek words, chole^ bile, and 
rem, to flow. Its literal meaning is, a discharge of bile. But the 
word cholera designates that dreadful Asiatic disease which is so very 
fatal. In this disease, the secretion of bile is suspended, and the 
evacuations are entirely free from it. Therefore there are two species 
of ciiolera — the English^ and the Asiatic. 

The English Cholera^ or Bilious Diarrhea, attacks suddenly, with 
nausea, purging and vomiting; sometimes painful colicky griping in 
the bowels. The evacuations arc thin and watery, and at last become 
very bilious, the color sometimes green, at other times approximating 
to black, indicating vitiated bile caused by unhealthy secretions during 
its passage through the alimentary canal. If the disease is not re- 
strained, the vomiting, retching, and spasmodic pain increases, accom- 
panied with cramp in the legs, and muscles of the abdomen. Coldness 
of tlie extremities, cold sweats, and fainting sometimes occur. Some- 
times this disease ends in death, especially with old and delicate 
subjects. But in this country it is seldom fiital. 

It is caused by intemperance, by a vitiated atmosphere, by eating 
unwholesome food, and unripe fruits. In the treatment of it, it is 
necessary to neutralize the acid, vitiated or acrid bile, and produce a 
determination to the surface. As soon as the symptoms appear, give 
the Neutralizing Mixtivre (which sec). If vomited, i-cpent the dose, and 
it will soon produce a benelicial efiect, subduing the irritation, nausea, 
vomiting, and passing through the alimentary canal, changing its con- 
tents to the most healthy state. It is useful to bathe the feet in hot 
water and salt, and when the disease is violent, to give a vapor bath ; 
and to check the vomiting, salt in vinegar or brandy. To allay the 
pain, foment the belly and breast with the following ; 

Cayenne pepper, J^ oz. ; spirits of wine, y^. P^* i vinegar, 1 gill. 
Simmer a few minutes; then add 1 tea-spoon of tincture of opium, and 
2 table-spoons of turpentine. 

Apply flannels dipped in it warm to the stomach. Hops and cam- 
omile flowers simmered in vinegar, make an excellent fomentation. 
The drink should be toast and water. Milk thickened with arrow-root, 
tapioca, sago, or slippery elm, may be taken as food. 

In the Asiatic Cholera^ there is a total suppression of bile, and a 
profuse cold, clammy sweat over the body ; the cramps become fearful, 
the stomach and bowels are emptied by vomit, etc., and exhaustion 
becomes apparent, giddiness, deafness, sinking of the eyes and nostrils, 
blueness of the skin, lips and nails; weakness of voice, etc., are often 
fatal symptoms. 

To cure the same, as for English cholera, but more active. Give 
the Neutralizing Mixture ; and this injection : 

Bogberry, 3 drs. ; scuUcap, 1 dr.; slippery elm, 1 dr.; boiling 
water, 3^ pt. Infuse ten minutes ; then add 2 tea-spoons of tincture 
of myrrh, 8 drops of laudanum, and 1 tea-spoon of carbonate of soda. 



Appendix to Medical Department. 215 

Foment as in English cholera, or with the Bheumatic Liniment. 
Apply as hot as possible. Apply also friction to the limbs; or apply 
hot briclis, wrapped in vinegar clotlis, to the feet, legs, and sides. Give 
a tea-spoon of the Anti-Cholera Drops every half hour. 

The following Anti-Cholera Mixture is a sovereign remedy : 

Tormentil root, 1 oz. ; bayberry bark, 1 oz. ; cayenne pepper, % 
oz. ; carbonate of soda, M o?'" Simmer forty minutes in 3 pts. of water, 
down to 1 qt. Strain, and add tincture of myrrh, 2 ozs., and 1 dr. ot 
camphor, dissolved in spirits of wine. xi ^ 4. • 

In the lirst attack of cholera, give a wme-glass; place the leet m 
hot salt and water, or mustard and water, and repeat the mixture every 
twenty minutes, and apply mustard plaster, and the hop poultice to the 
stomach Rub freely the cramped and drawn parts of the body with 
boiled cayenne pepper and vinegar; and the cflects will in most cases 
appear like magic. Such treatment has cured thousands upon thou- 
sands. _, ,.,11 

Cholera in Infants is treated in the same way as English cholera, 
but in a milder and more restricted manner. , ,ni ^ -n • 

Cholera.-Its Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment.— The following 
clear and comprehensive description of the cholera symptoms, with the 
mode of treatment found most efficacious last year by the missionaries 
in Turkey, was contributed to the Christian Mirror a few mouths since 
by Dr. Hamlin, an American missionary of thirty or forty years 
standing, at Constantinople. We commend it to the public as the best 
article of the kind that has been published. So valuable indeed has it 
been regarded, tliat it has just been issued in a neat little pamphlet, 
iust large enough to go nicely into a pocket-book or a person s vest 
pocket, Henry Hoyt, of Boston, being the publisher m this lorm. it 
would be well for every one to keep a copy constantly with him dur- 
ing the cholera season, besides having the medicines prescribed where 
they will be readily accessible in case of need. Mr. Hamlin says : 

Having been providentially compelled to have a good degree of 
practical acquLintance with it, and to see it in all its forms and stages 
during each of its invasions of Constantinople, I wish to make lO my 
friends in America some suggestions which may relieve anxiety, or be 

of practical use. „ ., , i-, -u ^ a 

On the approach of the cholera, every family should be prepared 
to treat it without waiting for a physician. It does its work so expe- 
ditiously, that while you are waiting for the doctor it is done. 

If you prepare for it, it will not come. I think there is no disease 
which may be avoided with so much certainty as the cholera. But 
providential circumstances, or the thoughtless indiscretions of some 
member of a household may invite the attack, and the challenge will 
never be refused. It will probably be made in the night, your physi- 
cian has been called in another direction, and you must treat the case 
yourself or it will be fatal. , , . i 4. 

Causes op Attack.— I have personally investigated at least one 
hundred cases, and not less than three-fourths could be traced dii^ectly 
to improper diet, or to intoxicating drinks, or to both united. Ut the 
remainder, suppressed perspiration would comprise a large number. 
Astrono-, health3r, temperate, laboring man had a severe attack ot 
cholera, and after the danger had passed I was curious to ascertain the 
cause. He had been cautious and prudent in his diet. He used noth- 
ing intoxicating. His residence was in a good locality. But alter 
some hours of hard labor and very profuse perspiration, he had lam 
down to take his customary nap riglit against an open window, through 



2i6 Appendix to Medical Department. 

which a very refresliing breeze was blowina. Another cause is drinking 
largely of cold water when hot and thirsty. Great f atifi^ue, great anx- 
iety, fright, fear, all figure among inciting causes. If one can avoid 
all these, he is as safe from the cholera as from being swept away by 
a comet. 

Symptoms of an Attack. — While cholera is prevalent in a place, 
almost every one experiences more or less disturbance of digestion. It 
is doubtless in part imaginary. Every one notices the slightest varia- 
tion of feeling, and this gives an importance to mere trifles. There 
is often a slight nausea, or transient pains, or rumbling sounds, when 
no attack follows. No one is entirely free from these. But when 
diarrhea commences, though painless and slight, it is in reality the 
skirmishing party of the advancing column. It will have at first no 
single characteristic of Asiatic cholera. But do not be deceived. It 
is tfie cholera^ nevertheless. Wait a little, give it time to get hold, say 
to yourself, *'I feel perfectly well, it will soon pass off," and in a short 
time you will repent of your folly in vain. I have seen many a one 
commit suicide in this way. 

Sometimes, though rarely, the attack commences with vomiting. 
But in whatever way it commences, it is sure to hold on. In a very few 
hours the patient may sink into the collapse. The hands and feet 
become cold and purplish, the countenance at first nervous and anx- 
ious, becomes gloomy and apathetic, although a mental restlessness 
and raging thirst torment the sufferer while the powers of life are 
ebbing. The intellect remains clear, but all the social and moral feel- 
ings seem wonderfully to collapse with the physical powers. The 
patient knows he is to die, but cares not a snap about it. 

In some cases, though rarely, the diarrhea continues for a day or 
two, and the foolish person keeps about, then suddenly sinks, sends 
for a physician, and before he arrives "dies as the fool dieth." 

Treatment. — For stopping the incipient diarrhea. — The mixture 
which I used in 1848 with great success, and again in 1855, has during 
this epidemic been used bj'' thousands, and although the attacks have 
been more sudden and violent, it has fully established its reputation 
for efficiency and perfect safety. It consists of equal parts by measure 
of (1) laudanum and spirits of camphor; (2) tincture of rhubarb. 
[Opii Tinctura, 1 dr.; Camphoraee Tinct., 1 dr.; Rhei Tinct., 3dr. ; 
Misce.] In an adult, 30 drops on a lump of sugar will often check 
the diarrhea. But to prevent its return, care should always be taken 
to continue the medicine every four hours in diminishing doses, 25, 20, 
15, 10, 9, when careful diet is all that will be needed. 

In case the first does not stay tho diarrhea, continue to give in 
increasing doses 35, 40, 45, 60, at every movement of the bowels. 
Large doses will produce no injury while the diarrhea lasts. When 
that is chocked, then is the time for caution. I have never seen a case 
of diarrhea taken in season which was not thus controlled, but some 
cases of advanced diarrhea, and especially of relapse, paid no heed to 
it whatever. As soon as this becomes apparent, I have always resorted 
to this course : Prepare a tea-cup of starch boiled as for use in starch- 
ing linen, and stir into it a full tea-spoon of laudanum, for an injec- 
tion. Give one-third at each movement of the bowels. In one des- 
perate case, abandoned as hopeless by a physician, I could not stop the 
diarrhea until the seventh injection, which contained nearly a tea- 
spoon of laudanum. The patient recovered and is in perfect health. 
At the same time I used prepared chalk in 10-grain doses, with a few 
drops of laudanum and camphor to each. But whatever course is 



Appendix to Medical Department. 217 

pursued it must be followed up, and the diarrhea controlled, or the 
patient is lost. 

Mustard Poultices. — These should be applied to the pit of the 
stomach, and kept on till the surface is well reddened. 

The patient, however well lie may feel, should rigidly observe 
perfect rest. To lie quietly on the back is one-half the battle. In 
that position the enemy fires over you, but the minute you rise you 
are hit. 

When the attack comes in the form of diarrhea, these directions 
will enable every one to meet it successfully. 

But when the attack is more violent, and there is vomiting;, or 
vomiting and purging, perliaps also cramps and colic pains, the follow- 
ing mixture is far more etfective and should always be resorted to. 
The missionaries Messrs. Long, Trowbridge and Washburn have used 
it in very many cases and with wonderful success. It consists of equal 
parts of laudanum, tincture of capsicum, tincture of ginger, and 
tincture of cardamon seeds. Dose. — 30 to 40 drops, or % a tea-spoon 
in a little water, and to be increased according to the urgency of the 
case. In case the first dose should be ejected, the second, whicli should 
stand ready, should be given immediately after the spasm of vomiting 
has ceased. During this late cholera siege, no one of us failed of 
controlling the vomiting and also the purging by, at most, the third 
dose. We have, however, invariably made use of large mustai-d poul- 
tices of strong, pure mus^tard, applied to the stomach, bowels, calves 
of the legs, feet, etc., as the case seemed to require. 

Collapse. — This is simply a more advanced stage of the disease. 
It indicates the gradual failing of all the powers of life. It is difficult 
to say when a case has become hopeless. At a certain point the body 
of the patient begins to emit a peculiar odor which I call the death 
odor, for when that has become decided and unmistakable, I have 
never known the patient to recover. I have repeatedly woiked upon 
such cases for hours with no permanent result. But the blue color, 
the cold extremities, the deeply sunken eye, the vanishing pulse, are 
no signs that the case is hopeless. Scores of such cases in the recent 
epidemic have recovered. In addition to the second mixture, brandy 
(a table-spoon every half hour), bottles of hot water suriounding the 
patient, especially the extremities, mustard plasters, and friction, will 
often in an hour or tsvo work wonders. 

Thirst. — In these and in all advanced cases thirst creates intense 
suffering. The sufferer craves water, and as sure as he gratifies the 
craving the worst symptoms return, and he falls a victim to the tran- 
sient gratification. The only safe way is to have a faithful friend or 
attendant, who will not heed his entreaties. The suttering may be, 
however, safely alleviated and rendered endurable. Frequent gurg- 
ling the throat and washing out the mouth will bring some relief. A 
spoonful of gum arable water, or of camomile tea, may frequently be 
given to wet the throat. "Sydenham's White decoction " may also be 
given, both as a bevei'age and nourishment, in small quaiitities, fre- 
quently. In a day or two tiie sullering from thirst will cease. In a 
large majority it has not been intense for more than 24 hours. 

i>iei.~ Rice-water, arrow-root, Sydenham's White Decoction, crust 
water, camomile tea, are the best articles for a day or two after the 
attack is controlled. Camomile is verj^ valuable in restoring the tone 
of the stomach. 

TJie Typlwid Fever. — A typhoid state for a few days will follow all 
severe cases. There is nothing alarming in this. It has very rarely 
10 



2i8 Appendix to Medical Department, 

proved fatal. Patience and careful nursing will bring it all right. 
The greatest danger is from drinking too freely. When the patient 
seemed to be sinliing, a little brandy and water or arrow-root and 
brandy have revived him. In this terrible visitation of the cholera, 
v/e have considered ourselves perfectly armed and equipped, with a 
hand-bag containing mixture No. 1, mixture iSTo. 2, (for vomiting, 
etc.,) a few pounds of powdered mustard, a bottle of brandy, a paper 
of camomile flowers, and a paper of gum arable. 

I lay no claim to originality in recommending tliis course of treat- 
ment, and have adopted it from suggestions of able and experienced 
physicians. Having been the only doctor of many poor families living 
near me, I have tried various remedies recommended, but 1 liave found 
none to be at all compared with the above. During the recent cholera 
I cannot find that any treatment has been so successful as this. 

Contagion. — The idea of conta^rion should be abandoned. All tlie 
missionaries who have been most with the most malignant cases day 
after day, are fully convinced of the non -contagiousness of the chol- 
era. The Incipient attacks which all have suffered from are to be 
attributed to great fatigue, making the constitution liable to an at- 
tack. 

DEATH, TESTS OF.— By this term is understood that condition 
of the animal frame when all the functions which constitute the mys- 
tery of life cease to act, and the organized tissues, no longer supported 
in their integrity by the vital stimulus, run rapidly into decay. Death 
is indicated by a universal coldness of the body; by a partially open 
mouth, closed eyelids, and sunken eyes; by an extreme pallor of the 
face, sometimes showing a yellow or greenish hue; by a lividity of 
the lips and orbits, and by an extreme flaccidity of all the joints. 
This suppleness of the joints, however, only endures for a very brief 
time, except in some cases of poisoning, being succeeded, in a period 
varying, according to circumstances, from two to six hours, by a gen- 
eral rigidity or stitfening of all the muscular fibres, and by a tension 
of the ligaments, by which the body becomes, in a measure, one firm 
and indurated mass. This remarkable rigidity, common to all animal 
fibre, is professionally known as the rigor mortis^ or the stiffening of 
death. As the fliaccidity which follows immediate dissolution is but of 
brief duration, being succeeded by stiffening, so the rigor mortis is also 
but of limited continuance, and though longer in its endurance than 
the first, in its turn gives way on the approach of decomposition, and 
as decay sets in, the rigid fibre gives place to the relaxed and clammy 
muscle, till final corruption leaves no vestige of the once tense corpse. 

The means that h?.ve been adopted to discover if anj^ spark of 
life remains in an apparently dead body consist in testing in various 
ways the respiratory powers, and the nervous susceptibility of the 
person supposed to be dead. The fiist consists in applying a 
very downy feather to the lips, or a looking-glass over tlie mouth. If 
one of the filaments of the teather is stirred, or the slightest obscura- 
tion or dimness is cast on the mirror, it is held to be an evidence that 
respiration still exists. Another test formerly known was placing the 
body on the back, and standing a glass brimful oi water on th^ ex- 
posed chest, and carefully noting if any motion in the fluid was per- 
ceptible, as the heaving of the chest, however slight, in the act of 
respiration, would agitate or displace the water. The fumes of strong 
ammonia held to the nose, and the tickling the nostrils with feathers, 
were also means at one time emplo3^ed to impart hope or to confirm 
the fears of the mourners. However ingenious such tests were, ana 



Appendix to Medical Department. 210 

satisfactory in many cases, there are diseases of the nervons system 
where death is so closely simulated, that such means would fall to 
realize any favorable results. 

Among the most certain and reliable signs of death are— the firm- 
ness of the muscles of the fallen jaw; the drawn-in nostrils, and the 
livid hue mi the lips and around the eyes; and though in some cases 
of poisoning there is no rigor mortis, in general it may be regarded as 
infallible. When discoloration— the first sign of decomposition— sets 
in, all further fear of a premature interment may cease, and the body 
be safely buried ; these marks usually begin on the fingers, near the 
nails, and with the toes and feet. In cases of sudden death, where 
there are reasons to believe the case to be only one of suspended ani- 
mation, hot bottles are to be applied to the feet, legs, and arm-pits- 
heated tiles placed under the spine, and friction with the hand used 
over the body, with electricity, and such means adopted as are advised 
in Drowning (which see), Lightning, Starvation, Exposure to Cold 
etc. In such cases, the treatment must be persevered in for six, eight' 
or ten hours, and, as soon as convenient, either some weak brandy and 
water or beef tea thrown into the system by the stomach-pump or the 
enema syringe. 

A DIABETES.— Drink wine, boiled with ginger, as much and as 
often as your strength will bear. Let your drink be milk and water 
All milk meats are good ; or, drink three or four times a day a quarter 
of a pint of alum posset, putting 3 drs. of alum to 4 pts. of milk It 
seldom fails to cure in eight or ten days ; or, infuse % oz. of cantharides 
m a pmt of elixir of vitriol. Give from ten to thirty drops in Bristol 
water twice or thrice a day. 

DROPSY.— From the Greek, udor, water, and apsis, an appearance. 
It denotes the effusion of water, or rather serous fluid into any cavity of 
the body, or into the cellular tissues under the skin. 

It is indicated by distension of the belly, difficult breathing dry 
skin, immoderate thirst, a dry cough, swelling of the feet and legs 
deficient urine, and deficient perspiration. Dropsy is a symptom of 
disease, rather than itself a disease, and generally the original cause is 
a morbid change in one or more of the principal organs \)f the body 
the heart, liver, or kidneys. It is caused by a loss of vitality in the 
capillary exhalentsof the blood vessels, by which they are de])rived of 
their elasticity or contractility, consequent upon the loss of the electric 
fluid, or the nervous energy upon which their contractility chiefly 
depends; and from a deficiency of iron in the blood. 

Give a vapor bath made of bitter herbs. (See " Vapor Bath ") 
Drmk the Composition Powder tea, sweetened. Give diuretics, and a 
pill made of cayenne, colocynth and rhubarb; and also the Diuretic 
Infustori. Keep up the perspiration when deficient; and foment the 
body daily with the Stimulating Liniment. The compound extract of 
jalap is very effective in evacuating the water; or, mustard 1^ oz • 
jumper berries, milkweed root, horse radish root ; black alder bark' 
mandrake root, bitter-sweet bark, of each, 1 oz. Bruise them, and 
mluse m 6 qts. of hot water, adding the juice of a lemon. A win e glass 
two or three times a day; or, take as much as lies upon a sixpence of 
powdered laurel leaves, every second or third day. It works both ways • 
or, make tea of roots of dwarf elder. It works by urine. Every twelve 
or fourteen minutes (that is, after every discharge) drink a tea-cup. I 
nave known a dropsy cured by this in twelve hours' time; or, one was 
ourea by taking a drachm of nitre, every morning, in a little ale; or 
rar-water drank twice a day has cured many; so has an infusion of 



220 Appendix to Medical Department, 

juniper berries, roasted, and made into a Hqnor like coffee ; or, three 
spoons of the juice of leeks, or elder leaves. — Tried. This cured the 
windy dropsy ; or, half a pint of decoction of butcher's broom, (inter- 
mixing purges twice or thrice a week.") The proper purge is ten grains 
of jalap with six of powdered ginger. It may be increased or lessened 
according to the strength of the patient ; or, of the decoction of the tops 
of oak boughs. This cured an inveterate dropsy in lifteen days; or, 
take senna, cream of tartar, jalap, 3^ oz, of each. Mix them and take a 
drachm every morning in broth. It usually cures in twenty days. 
This is nearly the same as Dr. Ward's powder ; he says it seldom fails, 
either in the watery or windj'^ dropsy. — Eev. John Wesley. 

DYSENTERY, OR BLOODY FLUX.— From the Greek, dus, pain- 
ful, and enteron, the bowels. It is inflammation of the mucous mem- 
brane of the largo intestines, especially the colon. It is attended by 
frequent bloody stools, straining, nausea, long attempts at evacuation, 
and often great pain. There is loss of appetite, strength, and great 
lowness of spirits. The evacuations increase, and become more foetid. 
It often ends in death. It is caused by obstructed perspiration, morbid 
humors, unwholesome diet, night air, damp beds, wet clothes, intemp- 
erance, and infection, in close habitations, prison cells, etc. It is very 
prevalent in tropical climates. 

To cure., give gentle emetics ; and mild purgatives, if needful. The 
*' Neutralizing Mixture,"(which see) is of great efficacy — a table-spoon 
per hour. It will neutralize the acidity of the stomach, relieve the 
spasms, etc., and effect a wondrous change. Should inflammation 
continue, give an injection; as, milk, ^ pt; mucilage of slippery elm 
bark, i^ pt. ; treacle, }£ pt.; olive oil, 3^a wine glass; and a tea-spoon 
of salt. This affords great relief. Keep up a gentle perspiration liy 
the Sudorific Powders, or by the application of hot bricks, as before 
stated. See also "Diaphoretic Powder." If there be local pain, foment 
with a decoction of vinegar, hops, tansj^, horehound, and catnip. Give 
warm diluents, and mucilaginous drinks, and if putresence appears 
give yeast in a decoction of logwood. The following has been recom- 
mended : 

Prepared chalk, }/^ dr. ; compound powder of gum dragon, 2^ 
drs. ; ai-omatic confection, 1 dr.; tincture of catechu, and of kino, 2 
drs. each; laudanum, 3^ dr. ; aromatic spirit of ammonia, 13^ drs. ; 
and cinnamon water, 3 or4ozs. Dose, — Two table-spoons every three 
hours. Or, simmer 1 oz. of blackberry root bark, and 2 ozs. of rasp- 
berry leaves in a quart of water for 40 minutes, strain and add 13^ ozs. 
of tincture of myrrh, and a little sugar. Take a wine glass every half 
hour. It seldom fails. 

Butter just churned is said to be a sure cure ; it must be unsalted, 
and clarified over the Are. Two table-spoons several times a day. 

DIA.RRG£Ao — From the Greek, dia^ rheo, to flow through. It is 
an undue relaxed state of the bowels, as induced by improper food, 
drunkenness, cold; or it may be a symptom cf another disease, as 
consumption, etc. 

The "Neutralizing Mixture" will be found eflGicaciousin this com- 
plaint ; or, take a tea-spoon of " Composition Powder,'' and one of 
tincture of myrrh, and keep the patient warm. The following are 
good remedies: 

To 1 qt. of blackberry juice add 1 lb. of white sugar, 1 table-spoon 
of cloves, 1 of allspice, 1 of cinnamon, and 1 of nutmeg. Boil all 
together fifteen minutes; add a wine glass of whisk}'-, brandy, or rum. 
Bottle while hot, cork tight and seal. This is almost a specific in 



Appendix to Medical Department, 221 

diarrhea. Dose. — A wine glass for an adnlt — half for a child — will 
often cure diarrhea. Take three or four times a day if the case is 
severe; or, confection of catechu, 2 drs. ; cinnamon water, 4ozs. ; syrup 
of white poppies, 1 oz. ; mix together. One or two table-spoons to be 
taken twice or thrice a da.y as required; for children under ten years 
of age, a dessert-spoon to be used; under two years, a tea-spoon, also 
two or three times a day, as above stated. 

Draught for Diarrhea. — Take tincture of opium, 30 drops; pre- 
pared chalk, 2 drs. ; powdered gum, 4 drs. ; tincture of catechu, 2 drs.; 
rose water, 2 ozs. Mix, and take a table-spoon three or four times a 
day ; or, fill a small basin with dry flour, tightly cover it with a greased 
cloth; boil it three hours. Then let it cool. For use, grate a dessert- 
spoon of it into peppermint water ; more for an adult. Or, make a 
strong tea of blackberry leaves, or raspberry leaves. I have known 
the latter superior to all physicians. Follow it with a little port wine, 
grated nutmeg and ginger. Or, take of poplar bark, y^ oz. ; prickly 
ash berries, ,^ oz.; fleabane, 3^ oz. ; slippery elm, 1 dr. ; pour on them 
a pint of boiling water; infuse two or three hours. Tonics must be 
given after the cessation of the relax. 

Sure Cure for Diarrhea. — A con-espondent of the Country Gentle- 
man presents a remedy for diarrhea which he never knew to fail for 
the past tvventy-tive years of its use in his family. It is simply a dose 
of laudanum and oil (a table-spoon of castor oil with twenty drops of 
laudanum in it). The laudanum acts as an astringent, and the oil heals 
and carries oft' the effect of the disease. 

Diarrhea, or a looseness of the bowels, is an affection to which 
every age, sex, and condition is liable, and when not excited by sudden 
clianges of the weather, or the exposure of a hot body to wet or cold, 
is most frequently induced by some acid or indigestible substance taken 
into the stomach; and though common to all seasons of the year, is far 
more prevalent in the autumn than at any other period of the twelve 
months showing tliat it is frequently due as much to atmospheric in- 
fluences as to partaking in excess of fruit, vegetables, or cucumbers — 
the articles most generally accused of producing the disease. That 
noxious gases, bad drainage, and imperfect ventilation are prolific ex- 
citing causes of diarrhea is now universally admitted, and whenever 
practicable, such measures should be adopted for correcting those 
causes as will, tor a season at least, render them inoperative for mischief. 

The sj'niiitoms of diarrhea are a weight and uneasiness in the 
lower part of the abdomen, accompanied with griping more or less 
severe; tlatulence, succeeded by frequent feculent evacuations, and 
often attended with nausea and vomiting, great thirst, a white coated 
tongue, dry skin, and cold feet. 

Treatment.— In general, diarrhea is easily relieved by taking a 
mild aperient, especially a moderate dose of castor oil, and when the 
griping is severe, from 20 to 25 drops of laudanum with it. When, 
however, this does not check tlie evacuations, and as, when unrelieved, 
diarrhea is apt to degenerate into cholera, it becomes necessary to 
adopt some dii-ect practice. The vomiting is to l)e cliecked by effer- 
vescing draughts, with or without brandy, hot water to the feet, and 
a tea-spoon of tincture kino in a wine glass of water, every hour, for 
two or three times, oi-tili the bowels are checked in their action; or a 
dose of the following mixture can be substituted every quarter or half 
hour. Take of carbonate of ammonia, % dr. ; prepared chalk, 6 drs.; 
extract of catechu, 1 dr.; peppermint water, 6 ozs. ; spirits of sal 
volatile, 1 dr. Mix, and give two table-spoons, as directed above. 



22 2 Appendix to Aledical Department. 

When there is much pain, 1 dr, of laudanum is to be added to tlie 
mixture. As small a quantity of liquid as possible should be taken, 
but as much boiled rice or rice pudding eaten as the stomach will 
digest with comfort ; hard eggs are also of service; vegetables, how- 
ever, fruits, broths, or any liquid potation — except a small quantity of 
Brandy and water, if required — must be strictly avoided. It must be 
borne in mind, that the above doses are designed for adults; that unless 
specially ordered in our prescriptions, opium or laudanum are never to 
be given to children ; and that the quantity of kino or chalk mixture 
must be regulated according to their ages. 

When the diarrhea has been subdued, care must be taken, in 
returning to the ordinary diet, that the stomach is not overloaded, 
especially by hard and indigestible meat, or by flatulent vegetables ; 
and if there is any pain or indigestion, two spoons of infusion of camo- 
mile, in which 10 grs. of carbonate of soda have been dissolved, should 
be taken twice a day for a few times, till the stomach recovers its tone, 
when, if requisite, a compound colocynth pill may be taken to cleanse 
the alimentary canah See " Cholera," " Dysenteiy.'' For the diarrhea 
of children, see " Infants, Diseases of." 

DirHTHERIA. — *'I have had the treatment of several cases, and 
have uniformly been successful; the remedy is very simple. It is the 
external application of water to the throat, at degrees of temperature 
alternating from the highest that the human skin will bear, down to 
almost zero. I am prepared to verify that by proof. A. Henderson, 
M.E.C.S., Eng. 13, Upper Seymour St., Portman Square, London, 1858. 

M. Eoche mentions in IP Union Medicale that he had saved six 
patients in six cases of diphtheria by the following mode of treatment. 
The false membranes were first freely cauterized with lunar caustic, 
and injections then made every hour against the fauces with a solution 
of common salt, the strength of the solution being such as not to create 
nausea. Chlorate of potash was also given internally; and tincture of 
iodine as a topical application, was used in half the cases; but M. Roche 
considers that the irrigations with the solution of common salt were the 
chief agents in the case. 

Diphtlieria — Remedy for. — Make two small bags to reach from 
ear to ear, and lill them with wood ashes and salt; dip them in hot 
water, and wring them out so that they will not drip, and apply them 
to the throat; cover up the whole with a flannel cloth, and change 
them as often as they become cool, until the throat becomes irritated, 
near blistering. For children it is necessary to put flannel cloths be- 
tween the ashes and the throat to prevent blistering. When the ashes 
Imvo been on a suflicient time take a wet flannel cloth and rub it with 
Castile soap until it is covered with a thick lather; dip it in hot water, 
and npply it to the throat, and change as they cool; at the same time 
use a gargle made of one tea-spoon of cayenne pepper, one of salt, one 
of molasses, in a tea-cup of hot water, and when cool, add one-fourth 
as much cider vinegar, and gargle every 15 minutes, until the patient 
requires sleep. A gargle made of castile soap is good to be used part 
of the time." 

A correspondent in Maine, in sending the above remedy, says there 
had been a number of deaths from diphtheria until this remedy was 
used, since then all had recovered. 

Diphtheria. — A gentleman who has administered the following 
remedy for diphtheria says that it has always pioved effectual : Take 
a tobacco pipe, place a live coal in the bowl, drop a little tar upon the 
coal, and let the patient draw smoke into the mouth and discharge it 
through the nostrils. Safe and simple. 



Appendix to Medical Department, 223 

Diphtheria— Specific for.— The Italian journals publish a letter 
from Dr. Giovanni Calligara, describing the reinarliable success whicli 
has attended his treatment of diphtlieria with phenic acid. He relates 
the losses he formerly experienced among his patients when treating 
them with emollients, solvents, and cauterization with hydro-chloric 
acid, and observes that this cauterization can no more eradicate the 
morbid principle than tearing the leaves off a plant will destroy the 
root. He now simply uses a gargle of phenic acid and distilled water, 
with external applications of new flannel; the food and drink to be 
taken cold. After the adoption of this treatment, Dr. Calligara lost 
but one patient out of fifty-eight. He requested the Italian journals to 
publish this discovery. Phenic acid is the agent which is now being 
used in this country as a remedy for cancer, and seems likely to affect 
an immense saving of lives formerly hopelessly sacrificed to that 
disease. 

DEAFNESS.— Take three drops of sheep's gall, warm, and drop it 
into the ear on going to bed. The ear must be thoroughly syringed 
with warm soap and water in the morning. The gall must be applied 
for three successive nights. It is only efficacious when the deafness is 
produced by cold. The most cojivenient way of warming the gall is 
by holding it in a silver spoon over the flame of a candle. The above 
remedy has been frequently tried with perfect success. 

Deafness. — Fox-glove leaves well bruised; mix the juice with 
double the quantity of brandy. Keep for use. Drop one drop into 
the ear once a day, and place in the ear constantly a piece of cotton 
saturated with it. Or, clean the ear well out with warm water, dry it, 
and then soak cotton in glycerine, and put it into the ear, moving it 
backward and forward, to lubricate it thoroughly. Or, syringe the 
ears well with warm milk and oil ; then take opodeldoc, and oil of 
almonds, of each, 34 oz., and apply with cotton wool. 

Or, fill a clean stone bottle with hot water; lay the ear on the 
bottle as hot as it can be borne, so that the steam may ascend into it 
every night when going to bed, for five or ten minutes. 

Or, take fine black wool, dip it in camphorated oil, and put it into 
the ear; as it dries, dip it again; and keep it moistened in the ear for 
two or three weeks. 

Be electrified through the ear. Or, put a little salt in the ear 
mixed with sweet oil. Or, three drops of onion juice at lying down, 
keeping it in with wool. Or, mix brandy and sweet oil; dip black 
wool in this and put it into the ear. When it grows dry, wash it well 
in brandy; dip it and put it in again. If attended with headache, peel 
a clove of garlic, dip it in honey. Apply it with black wool. Previ- 
ously drop into the ear a few drops of the juice. A mixture of 10 
drops of spirit of turpentine with 1 oz. of almond oil, using black 
wool, will tend to the cure of deafness arising from diseased cerumin- 
ous glands. If deafness arises from wax, syringe the ear with warm 
water, applying the night before a little glycerine. 

Deafness Cured by Ether, — A poor French governess, Mad'lle 
Cleret, has succeeded in partially curing several persons afflicted with 
deafness and loss of speech. The French Academy have awarded the 
Monthyon Prize for the discovery, which has been proved innocuous. 
The method consists in introducing sulpiiuric ether into the aural con- 
duit, in doses of 2 to 8 drops a day for twenty days, when the applica- 
tion is suspended for a short time, and again commenced. A gunner's 
mate, aged 51, had been attacked six months before with acute rheu- 
matism, which became chronic and complicated, with deafness in the 



224 Appendix to Medical Department* 

left ear, and difficulty of hearlno; in the rio^ht one. There was fre- 
quent sino:ing in both ears, and the deafness increased or diminished 
with the rheumatic pains. At tlie first, a few drops of ether were 
instilled into both his ears, when he immediately experienced a feeling 
of expansion witliin, with a slight pain, and from that moment he 
could distinguisli sounds less confusedly. On the following morning 
he declared he could hear with his right ear quite as well as before his 
illness; the installation was therefore only repeated in the left ear, 
and on the fourth day he declared himself quite cured. Another case, 
similar to this, is reported by Dr. Berlemont, of Joncourt; and Dr. 
Coursier, of Hounecourt, announces that he has been treating six 
patients, between five and fifteen years of age, for some time with 
ether, to their manifest advantage. 

An eminent physician says : " Take sassafras oil, 5 drops ; sweet 
oil. 3^ oz. Mix, and drop into the ear once or twice a da3^" He says 
that this seldom fails. Or, saturate a little cotton wool with tincture 
of lobelia, and insert twice a day. 

DELIRILM TREMENS.— This is the disease of drunkards, and 
those who take narcotics, as opium, etc. It may be called "the hrain 
fever of drunkards.'''' The person is tremulous, has nausea, vomiting, 
and wakefulness, restlessness; he raves, and imagines snakes, demons, 
etc., are about him. This disease doubtless arises from extreme stimu- 
lus of the brain. 

To Cure. — First allay the paroxysm, calm and support the nerv- 
ous system, by giving brandj-^ and other spirits. The redness of the 
face, and the pulsation of the arteries, heart, etc., indicate determina- 
tion of blood to tlie head. Equalize the circulation by bathing the feet 
and legs in warm lye-water; tlien apply mustard plasters to the feet 
and nape of the neck. Give a purge; and now and then a cup of 
valerian, scullcap, or strong hop tea, or from 10 to 20 drops of laud- 
anum. Emetics are very useful, and may be given in the same kind 
of spirits the patient has been accustomed to take. A strong decoction 
of wormwood is successfully used in hospitals. 

EYES, WEAK ANll SORE.— Sulphate of zinc, 3 grs. ; tincture of 
opium, 10 drops; water, 2 ozs. To be applied three or four times a 
day. 

Eye, Blood-Shot. — Apply linen rags dipped in cold water for two 
or three hours. Or, apply boiled hyssop as a poultice. Very effica- 
cious. — Wesley. 

Eye- Bright. — This plant is useful in affections of the eyes, as it 
improves the vision, especially in old age. (See Rohinsori's Herbal.) 

Eyes, Bruised. — Frequently bathe in water with a little carbonate 
of soda dissolved in. Or, apply bread poultices pretty warm; change 
often. Or, foment with a decoction of stramonium leaves, and then 
bind them ou the eye. Or use slippeiy elm poultices. 

Eye-Salve«— White or yellow wax, % oz.; red precipitate, 3 drs. ; 
prepared tutty, or pure zinc powdered, 1 dr.; lard, 4 ozs. Melt and 
mix. Add \% drs. of camphor dissolved in oil. 

Eyes, Intiiimmation of. — Mix bread crumbs with the white of an 
Gg^, 3 drops of laudanum, 3 drops of brandy, and a very little salt. 
Apply in a bag of thin soft linen or muslin. It is better to apply it at 
night, when lying down. It always aflbrds relief. Drink also eye- 
bright tea, and wash the eves with it. 

Eye, Films.— Mix juice of eye-bright and juice of ground ivy 
with a little honey, and 2 or 3 grs. of bay salt. Drop it in, morning 
and evening. 



I 



I 



Appendix to Medical Department, 225 

Eye, Hot Hnmors.— Apply a few drops of double refined sugar 
melted in brandy. Or, boil a handful of bramble leaves with a little 
alum in a quart of sprino^ water, to a pint. Drop this frequently into 
the eye. This likewise s^Deedily cures cancers or any sores. 

Eye, or Eyelids Inflamed. — Apply as a poultice, boiled, roasted or 
rotten apples warm. Or, wormwood tops with the yolk of an ^^^. 
This will hardly fail. Or, beat up the white of an ^^^ with two 
spoons of white rose water into a white froth. Apply this on a fine 
rag, changing it so that it may not giow dry till the eye or eyelid ia 
well. Tried. 

Or, dissolve 1 oz. of fine gum arable in 3 spoons of spring water; 
put a drop into the inner corner of the eye, from the point of a hair 
pencil, four or five times a day. At the same time take as much salt- 
petre as will lie upon a sixpence, dissolved in a glass of water, three 
or four times a day; abstaining from all liquors till cured. White 
bread poultices applied to the eyes in an infiamed state often occasion 
blindness. 

Eyelid, Removing" foreig-n bodies from beneath the. — M. Renard, 
in the case of small bodies which become entangled beneath the upper 
eyelid, reconniiends the following simple procedure, which will often 
dispense with all others : Take hold of the upper eyelid near its 
angles with the index linger and thumb of each hand, draw it gentlj'- 
forward and as low down as possible over the lower eyelid, and retain 
it in this position for about a minute, taking care to prevent the tears 
from flowing out. When, at the end of this time, you allow the eye- 
lid to resume its place, a flood of tears washes out the foreign body, 
which will be found adhering to, or near to, the low^er eyelid. 

Eye Poultice. — Stir 2 drs. of powdered alum in the powdered 
whites of two eggs till a coagulum be formed. Place it between a 
piece of soft linen rag, and apply it. Very applicable for inflamed 
eyes attended with a purulent discbarge, and for chilblains. 

Eyes, Good for the. — To give brilliancy to the eyes, shut them 
early at night, and open them early in the morning; let the mind be 
constantly intent on the acquisition of benevolent feelings. This will 
scarcely ever fail to impart to the eyes an intelligent and amiable ex- 
pression. 

Eye-Sight, To Preserve.— Never sit long in absolute gloom^ or 
exposed to a Unze of Wjkt. Avoid redding small print. Do not strain 
the ej^es by looking at minute objects. Do not read in the dusk, nor by 
candle-light or gas-light, if the eyes be disordered. Do not peimit 
the eyes to gaze on glaring objects, as the sun, or bright daylight, 
especially on opening the eyes in the morning. Do not let the curtains, 
walls, etc., be white; green is the best for curtains, etc. Avoid much 
exposure to cold easterly winds; especially avoid intemperance, and 
excessive venery, which are awfully destructive to eye-sight. 

Eye Water. — Boil lightly 1 spoon of white copperas, and 3 spoons 
of salt, in 3 pts. of spring water. When it is cold, bottle it without 
straining. Put a drop or two in the eye morning and evening. 

It takes away redness and soreness; it cures pearls, rheums, and 
often blindness. If it makes the eye smart, add more water to it. 

Another. — Stamp and strain ground ivy, celandine, and daisies, an 
equal quantity; add a little rose- water and loaf sugar. Drop a drop 
or two at a time into the eye; it takes away all the inflammation, 
smarting, itching, spots, webs, etc. 

Or take 2 table-spoons each of brandy, and rain water, and about 



226 Appendix to Medical Department. 

the size of a horse-bean of camphor. Dissolve the last in the first. 
Valuable. 

Eje Water. — Take of white vitriol, 10 grs. ; rose, or elder-flower 
water, 8 ounces. Mix. 

Eye Water. — Half a pint of the best brandy, 2 pts. of spring 
water, and sugar of lead, 1 oz.; mix. This is a good eye water. Or, 
take 6 ozs. of rectified spirits of wine, dissolve in it 1 dr. of camphor, 
then add 2 small handfuls of dried elder flowers; infuse 34 hours. 
Bathe the forehead, over your eyes, and each temple, several times a 
day; meantime, dip a soft rag in stale small beer, new milk warm, and 
bathe each eye a few times gently, morning and evening. If it is a 
waterj'^ humor, wet the eyelids two or three times, but be sure to shut 
your eyes, or it will make them smart and burn excessively. 

It is also a good remedy for the toothache, or swelled face, bruises, 
etc., used as a rubefacient. 

Eyes, Weak. — May be relieved by washing them in cold water; 
or dissolve 4 grs. of sugar of lead, and crude sal-ammoniac, in 8 ozs. 
of water, to whicli add a few drops of laudanum. With this mixture 
bathe the eyes night and morning. Rose-water is also good for the 
eyes. 

If lime gets into the eyes, a few drops of vinegar and water will 
dissolve and remove it. Almond or olive oil will do away with any 
hot fluid that may reach the eye. Btyes should be bathed with warm 
water, and it is as well to take an aperient. A little ointment of cit- 
ron and spermaceti may be used when the sty is broken. 

FACE BURNINGr. — It arises from acidity of the stomach. Take 
1 or 2 tea-si)oons of magnesia in milk. 

FAINTIXU FITS. — Remove the patient to the open air, and lay 
him in a horizontal position, with nothing tight left upon him. Should 
the case be obstinate, immerse the feet and legs in warm water, and 
apply spirits of hartshorn to the nostrils; and give a few drops in a 
glass of water, or hot brandy and water. 

FELON, OU WHITLOW.— A very painful inflammation of the 
fingers, thumb, or hand. A whitlow resembles a felon, but it is not so 
deeply seated. It is often found at the root of the nail. Immerse the 
diseased finger in strong lye as long and as hot as can be borne several 
times a day. Constantly poultice it with a mixture of strong lye and 
elm bark, or elm bark and powdered linseed, and one poppy head 
softened in the lye. Or steam it well with the bitter herbs, which may 
be used several times; about twenty minutes at a time. Continue till 
well, or when it begins to suppurate; then will appear a white spot, 
which, when fully ripe, may be opened with a tine needle. Should 
gangrenous matter appear, apply a little vegetable caustic (which see). 
Apply the black salve, to heal it. Keep the bowels open, and take 
now and then the composition powder. 

EAR-ACHE. — Place in the ear cotton wool moistened with sweet 
oil and laudanum. A flannel bag of salt, or camomile flowers, made 
very hot and applied to the ear at bed-time, will often give relief. Or, 
wet a rag with laudanum, and cover the ear with it. A bag of hops, 
a roasted onion, and hartshorn and oil, are household remedies. If it 
arises from heat, frequently apply wet cloths. If from cold, boil rue, 
or rosemary, and steam the ear through a funnel. 

Ear- Ache.— Rub the ear hard for a quarter of an hour. Tried. 
Or, be electrified. Or, put in a roasted fig, or onion, as hot as may 
be. Or, blow the smoke of tobacco strongly into it. But if the ear- 
ache is caused by an inflammation of the uvula, it is cured in two 



Appendix to Medical Department 227 

or three hours by receiving into the mouth the steam of bruised 
hemp-seed boiled in water. — Wesley. 

Ear- Ache, from Worms. — Drop in warm millv, which brings them 
out. Or, juice of wormwood, wliich kills them. 

Ear- Ache, Indian Cure for. — Take a piece of thelean of mutton, 
the size of a lar<ie walnut, put it into the tire and burn it for some time 
till it is reduced almost to a cinder; then put it into a piece of clean 
rao;, and squeeze it until some moisture is expressed, which must be 
dropped into the ear as hot as the patient can bear it. 

EPILEPSY, OR FALLING SICKNESS.— A sudden deprivation of 
sense, with violent convulsions of the whole system. Previous to the 
lit, there is a peculiar sensation felt by the patient; a scream or cry is 
then uttered, and he falls heavily to the ground. The eyes are fixed 
and reverted, and the convulsive agitations are violent; the teeth gnash 
against each other, the tongue projects, and is sadly bitten; the patient 
froths at the mouth, and is quite unconscious. " The period of recur- 
rence of epileptic fits is very variable. Death sometimes occurs in the 
first; or, though rarelj'-, recovery taking place, the disease never le- 
turns. Years may intervene, or an irregular period of months, weeks, 
or days, may separate the attacks." Epilepsy is more common in the 
night than in the day. As it becomes more firmly rooted in the sys- 
tem, the fits recur more frequently. 

Treatment. — Prevent the patient from injuring himself during 
the fit. A piece of wood, India rubber, etc., should be placed between 
the teeth to prevent injury to the tongue. Remove all tiglit clothing, 
especially about the neck. Elevate the head and shoulders. If the 
fit does not depart, give one or two tea-spoons of the anti-spasmodic 
tincture. When the fit subsides, give a vapor bath, and an emetic two 
or three times a week. After the bath, rub the body over with the 
Stimulating Liniment. Gentle aperients should also be given now and 
then. Sponge the body every or every other morning with cold salt 
and water. Let the diet be very light "^and digestible. As it is a dis- 
ease of debility, tonics should be employed ; as Peruvian bark, snake 
root, lady's slipper, and peony, which may be obtained of the medical 
botanists. Boil them till strong; add sugar, and best Madeira wine. 
Dr. Beach says, that salt is very efficacious. " As soon as there are any 
premonitory symptoms, give a tea-spoon of salt, in a little water; and, 
if practicable, repeat it in twenty minutes; it shortens the fit, and may 
be taken twice or thrice a day. The shower bath may also be used. 
If the disease proceeds from worms, use the remedies in that case pre- 
scribed. A pill made of equal parts of scullcap, lobelia-seed, and cay- 
enne, and mucilage, is very usetul in this disease." 

ERYSIPELAS. — Dr. Baumann employs collodion in all cases, and 
has found it, even in several cases of erysipelas of the face, and in one 
case of plilegmonous erysipelas of the thigh, highly useful. He first 
gives an emetic, and then daily applies collodion to the parts. The 
recovery is rapid, and no ill consequences have been observed. 

Bathing the legs and feet in warm water is very serviceable. Some 
recommend the part to be covered with meal, or flour, or yeast. Some 
persons recommend a poultice of cranberries powdered fine, in a raw 
state. 

A decoction of elder-leaves will promote perspiration; applying 
to the part a cloth dipped in lime-water. Or take gentle purgatives, 
as senna, manna, cream-of-tartar, with a little fennel-seed, to prevent 
griping. The vapor bath is very beneficial. Tlie marshmallow oint- 
ment is very serviceable; also the elder ointment. Wash the parts oft 



228 Appendix to Medical Department 

with the following liquid or tincture : Infuse 1 oz. of celandine leaves 
in 1 pt. of \vhisl<:y a few hours. Apply it when there is much itching. 
But the best application is a poultice made of slippery elm bark. Mix 
the bark with. milk, buttermilk, or cream. Should there be ulceration, 
add brewer's yeast to the poultice. The diet should be cool and nour- 
ishing. 

Dr Beach, referring to a case, says : " The patient was so bad 
that he had to sit in a chair five or six months, day and night," and 
the most eminent allopathic doctors could do him no good. *'I used 
the pulverized willow hai% commonly QdMed pussy willow; it was mixed 
with cream, under whicli it grew better; it sloughed in several places 
nearly to the bone. When tlie pain almost subsided, I applied the 
slippery elm bark and milk, and then the black salve, which eflected a 
cure in a few months.'' 

FROST-BITE. — The parts of the body most exposed to the serious 
consequence of frost-bite are those farthest from the seat of circula- 
tion, and the most exposed to a great degree of cold. These are, the 
toes and feet, fingers, ears, nose, and the cheeks below the eye. 

The etfect of intense cold is, in the first place, to deaden the sensi- 
bility of the part most exposed, which it does by contracting the 
vessels and driving the blood from the surface, when the part, losing 
its healthy vitality, is unable to resist the specific influence of the sur- 
rounding cold, and quickly falls a prey to the potency of the frost, 
and, in a short time, a partial gives way to an absolute death, or mor- 
tification of the member or organ, which soon after sef>arates or falls 
off". To guard against the danger of frost-bites, the inhabitants of 
very cold countries, as the Russians and Esquimaux, cover both the 
cartilage of the ear and the nose. 

Symptoms. — A frost-bite is known by the swelling and discolora- 
tion, attended with pain, numbness, and a sense of pricking in the 
part, the color passing from a bright red till it becomes actually black. 
Sometimes, however, beyond a slight degree of heat, and itching, 
which soon passes off", the person is unconscious of the danger that is 
taking place, till too late to save the doomed part. 

Treatment. — The means employed in the treatment are extremely 
simple, but upon their slow and cautious use depends the entire chance 
of restoring the part or member to life; for should the temperature be 
too quickly raised, or the circulation too suddenly restored, the perfect 
mortification the means are intended to avert will be certain to follow, 
when all exertion is hopeless. For this purpose, the part must be 
slowly rubbed with snow, or bathed with cold water, either in the 
open air or in a cold room, far removed from fire or warmth. After 
half an hour of such steady employment of the snow or water, two or 
three tea-spoons of weak brandy and cold water are to be given, the 
process continued a little longer, a little more spirits and water admin- 
istered, and the patient finally put to bed in cold sheets, and in a cold 
room. 

When the whole body has been rendered insensible by intense 
cold, as is sometimes the case in crossing the Alps, and in severe win- 
ters even in this country, the same treatment is to be adopted ; but 
instead of rubbing a part only, the whole body must be rubbed with 
snow, till the friction of several pairs of hands induces some return to 
sensibility. As soon as that is effected, the body is to be carefully 
dried, and again rubbed with flannel; an enema of salt and water, 
with a small quantity of turpentine, is to be thrown into the bowels; 
the patient put to bed in cold sheets, and in a room without a fire ; a 



Appendix to Medical Department, 229 

few spoons of gruel, with a little brandy, being given almost cold, as 
soon as he can swallow; and this, or weak wine and water, gradually 
and at long intervals given to him, the utmost care being taken to 
avoid exciting sudden reaction, headache, or fever; as most serious 
evils will occur should they be induced by hasty or powerful stimu- 
lants. 

GOITRE, OR BROJ^CHOCELE, as the general enlargement of the 
thyroid gland of the throat is variously called, according to the coun- 
try or locality in which the disease is prevalent. 

The CAUSES of this unsightly deformity are far from being satis- 
factorily understood. By some it has been assigned to drinking snow 
water; by others, to water loaded with lime and magnesia; but it has 
been found epidemic in localities where neither of these circumstances 
prevail. 

It more frequently attacks females than males, and, though present 
from early life, seldom becomes greatly enlarged till the person has 
turned forty ; cases, however, not unfrequently occur where it ad- 
vances from the age of puberty, and in a few years attains a consider- 
able size. Those most frequently attacked with goitre are persons of 
a phlegmatic temperament. 

Treatment. — Before commencing the treatment of this disease, 
a piece of tape should be first passed around the neck, and the exact 
size of the swelling and throat taken; the measure being put aside, 
that it may be used every month to test the progress of the cure, by 
showing how much less is the girth of both. 

As iodine is the chief remedy on which any reliance can be placed, 
it must be used both externally and internally at the same time, though 
in different preparations. 

Iodine Ointment. — Take of camphor, 1 dr. ; iodine, "% dr. ; spirits 
of wine, 10 drops (to powder the camphor); white ointment, 1 oz. 
Mix. 

A small piece of this ointment is to be rubbed steadily and effect- 
nally all over the tumor every night before going to bed, a warm bran 
poultice being laid over the whole to induce absorption. A poultice 
should also precede the use of the ointment, so as to relax and open 
the pores of the skin. 

Mixture. — Take of hydriodate of potass, 1 dr.; infusion of gentian, 
8 ozs. ; tincture of ginger, 3 drs. Mix. One table-spoon to be taken 
four times a day. 

Every fourth day the ointment should be intermitted for two days, 
to allow the skin to recover from the friction. Some practitioners 
paint the tumor with the tinctui'e of iodine; but the benefit of friction^ 
with the stimulating properties of the camphor, add so much to the 
benefit of the treatment, that we have no hesitation in recommending 
the ointment as the best means. Throe months' steady employment 
of the above remedies will generally reduce the gland to an almost 
natural appearance. 

GANGRENE. — The partial death of a part; the preliminary stage 
to mortification, or the absolute death of a part. 

. The CAUSES of gangrene are very numerous. It may arise from 
any excessive inflammatory action, from extreme cold, great bodily 
prostration, from severe blows, wounds, and accidents, and, indeed, 
from any cause that greatly depresses the vital powers; it also arises 
spontaneously in persons advanced in life, showing itself in the feet 
or toes, and, among the aged peasantry, is a very frequent cause of 
death. 



230 Appendix to Medical Department. 

Symptoms. — Swelling, more or less extensive, loss of warmth in 
the part, a diminution of all pain; a bluish hue settles on the cuticle, 
which gradually deepens into a purplish brown; the discharge, if 
any, ceases, there is a loss of all sensation, the skin is raised into 
vesicles, or blisters, which break, and a thin, fetid, ichorous discharge 
escapes. From this time the cuticle undergoes another change, and 
becomes of a j^ellowish green; the pulse is quick, small, and feeble; 
a low, hectic fever supervenes, the patient rambles in his talk, delirium 
follows, and hiccup for an hour or two i^recedes death. 

Gangrene never attacks a limb or part where the circulation is 
strong, but those places where it is most languid, and remote from 
vigorous action. 

When it attacks the point of the great toe, it gradually advances 
over the whole member : the others next become involved, and then 
the foot, when extending up the limb, destroying all to the center as 
it spreads, till, reaching a spot where the circulation is strong, some 
lymph is thrown out from the healthy side in a complete circle around 
the part, cutting off all access, and drawing a line of demarkation 
between the living and the dead flesh. Were the limb now left alone, 
the gangrenous extremity would, after a short time, drop ofl as evenly 
as if it had been amputated. 

Treatment. — This, to be at all effective, must begin before the 
vesicles rise, or sensation is lost in the part. The lirst efforts must be 
directed to raising the temperature of the skin, by a succession of 
warm, soft poultices, placing bottles of hot water in the bed, and by 
the employment of warm, diffusible stimulants to the system, so that, 
by rousing the circulation, the blood may be propelled with greater 
energy to the affected limb; a generous diet, with wine, bark, quinine, 
and opium, are the agents by which this result is to be obtained. 

The following mixture is an illustration of those general prin- 
ciples : 

Take of camphor water, G ozs. ; aromatic confection, 1 dr.; car- 
bonate of ammonia, 3^ dr. ; mix, and add Luidanum, 1 dr.; aromatic 
tincture, 3^ oz. ; compound tincture of bark, 3^ oz, ; spirits of sul- 
phuric ether, 1 dr. Mix. Two table-spoons directlj^ and one every 
two or three hours, according to the urgency of the case. 

The poultices are to be continued to the pai-t till the natural 
warmth returns, and the skin begins to assume a healthier hue. Con- 
current with these remedies, the patient should be fed every hour with 
beef tea, tliickened with Dr. Ridge's patent food, or grated crumbs of 
bread, and, if necessary, an occasional quantitv of wine and water. 

For the gangrene that follows frost-bite, or exposure to cold, the 
very opposite of this treatment is to be adopted, and neither heat nor 
stimulants on any account employed. (See " Frost-Bite.") 

There is a form of gangrene' extremely malignant, which often 
rages in infirmaries, jails, and convict i)risons, known as hospital gan- 
grene, but on which it is needless to enter here. 

FITS. — If a person falls in a fit, let him remain on the ground, 
provided Au^ /ace 6ej[>a/6; for should it be fainting or temporary sus- 
pension of the heart's action, you may cause death by raising him 
upright, or by bleeding; but if the face be red or dark colored, raise 
him on his seat, throw cold water on his head immediately, and send 
for a surgeon, and get a vein opened, or fatal pressure on the brain may 
ensue. 

GRAVEL. — A collection of sand or small particles of stone in the 
kidneys, ureters, or bladder. The urine often gives a deposit of a brick 



Appendix to Medical Department. 231 

dust appearance, uric acid. The symptoms are shivering, pain in the 
loins, generally felt more severly on one side, and passino^ downwards 
— towards the bladder, a frequent desire to make water, which is passed 
in small quantities, sometimes with blood, or for a time not passed at 
all, irritation about the neck of the bladder. As the irritating matter 
passes from the kidneys into the ureter, it produces pain so great as to 
cause faintlngs and convulsive lits. The transit of tliis matter may be 
made in a few hours, or it may last for several days. The following 
are good remedies: 

Dissolve 3 drs. of prepared natron or carbonate of soda, in a qt. 
of cold soft water, and take half during the day. Continue as the case 
may require. The greatest martyrs have been relieved by this simple 
remedy.; or, take 1 oz. of the spirits of sweet nitre, 2 drs. of liquid 
laudanum, and 3^ oz. of the oil of juniper. Take a tea-spoon in a cup 
of linseed tea sweetened with honey. This has performed wonders. 
Or, take dandelion and marsh-mallow root, of each, 2 ozs., agrimony, 
a small handful, to 3 qts. of water; boil to 2 qts. Dose. — A. wine glass 
every three or four hours. 

A gentle aperient may at times be given, and warm injections are 
very soothing. Take also the Diuretic Infusion. Flannels dipped in 
hot tincture of cayenne, and wrung out, or the Stimulating Liniment 
may be applied to the pained part. Hojds simmered in vinegar, to 
which add 20 or 30 drops of laudanum. Drink at the same time a 
strong infusion of spearmint, and bathe the feet in warm water. The 
vapor bath now and then is very useful. 

Dr. Beach advises the following: Acetate of potash, 2 drs. ; honey, 
^oz. ; spirits of turpentine, 3^ dr.; carbonate of soda, 3^ dr.; mint 
water or tea, 8 ozs. Mix. Dose. — two table-spoons three times a day. 

Eat largely of spinach; or, drink largely of warm water sweetened 
with honey; or, of pellitory of the wall tea so sweetened; or, infuse 
an ounce of wild parsley-seeds in a pint of white wine for twelve days. 
Drink a glass of it, fasting, three months. To prevent its return, 
breakfast for three months on agrimony tea. It entirely cured me 
twenty years ago, nor have I had a symptom of it since. — Wesley. 

Red onion juice, and horse-mint tea, as much as the patient can 
take morning aiid night, is a line remedy, and will dissolve stone. 

Potash Drops. — Liquor of potash, 10 drops; infusion of linseed, 1 
pt.; spirits of sweet nitre, 3^ oz. Mix and take two table-spoons every 
three hours. A sure cure tor gravel. 

HEARTBURN, — This affection of the stomach, erroneously attrib- 
uted to the heart, is a mere derangement of the digestive organs — an 
excess of acidity, in fact, in the stomach, either proceeding Irom too 
acid a state of the gastric juice, from some crude and indigestible sub- 
stance in tlie stomach, from a piece of gristle, fragment of bone, or 
some irritating body, which, as we have shown under " Digestion," 
attempts to pass the pyloric orifice of the stomach, and. after vain 
appeals, is turned back till more completely digested, causing heat, 
pain, and inconvenience; or it is the result of worms in the bowels, 
irritating the whole alimentary tube. The symptoms of heartburn are 
too generally known to need description here; and it will suffice if we 
mention the best remedies for the diflt'erent causes of the complaint. 

For the heartburn to which 'pregnant women are so subject from the 
time of quickening to the end of the eigiith month, the best remedy is 
lump magnesia, of which the patient may eat as much as she pleases; 
or a tea-spoon of prepared chalk, with 5 grs. of ginger, twice a day, in 
milk or cold water ; or she may eat a few tea-spoons of whole rice, 
which will often afford more relief than any other remedy. 



232 Appendix to Medical Department, 

For heartburn the result of acidity from eating pickles, acid fruits, 
or acridity of the gastric juice, 20 irrs. of carbonate of soda, or 15 of 
carbonate Of potass, with 1 gr. of ginger, and 1 gr. of rhubarb, taken 
in a wine glass of water three times a day, or a tea-spoon of challv or 
magnesia in a little peppermint water, will, in general, be found 
eflectual in correcting the cause of annoyance. 

When heartburn proceeds/rom indigestible matter in the stomach, 
either an emetic of 15 grs. of powdered ipecacuanha, or a compound 
colocynth pill, followed in three hours by }4 oz. of Epsom salts in a 
tumbler of water, is to be taken. Either plan can be adopted; the 
only advantage in the emetic is that its operation is more rapid, though 
more exhausting than the aperient plan. 

For the heartburn rcsulting/roj?i tcorms, or irritation in the bowels, 
the reader must consult the articles "Worm," and '* Tape-worm," 
which see. 

For those affected with heartburn after meals, especially dinner, 
accompanied with sour eructations, a pill composed of 3 grs. of dried 
carbonate of soda, 1 of calumba, and 1 of ginger should be taken an 
hour before dinner, and 20 grs. of carbonate of ammonia, in a wine 
glass of infusion of camomile, half an hour afterwards, if necessary. 

HYDROPHOBIA.— We give below a case that occurred at Flint, 
Michigan, which was successfully treated as follows; — 

The all-absorbing topic of tlie day with us, is, whether the friglit- 
ful disease known as hydrophobia can be cured or not. Tlie case tiiat 
manifested itself, and to which attention was called at the time in The 
Tribune, has created considerable excitement among us. In an article 
entitled " Hydrophobia," to be found in the Citizen of last week signed 
" Observer," and claiming to set forth medical authorities tending to 
show the incurability of the dreadful disease, he cites authorities, who, 
had '' Observer" made a more minute inspection of their works, would 
have led him to a different opinion from that formed by hastily glanc- 
ing over them. 

The subject of so much discussion, Mr. Burt True, was bitten by a 
rabid dog last May. The dog had bitten several animals and was killed. 
Young True was bitten in the center of the inside of the right hand. Be- 
ing in the country at the time, it was some 12 hours before he leached a 
surgeon, who cauterized the wound with nitrate of silver. The 
wound healed, and -remained so, until between two and three weeks 
since, when it became irritable and broke out again. Soon the first 
marked symptoms of hydrophobia showed themselves, convulsions, 
" barking like a dog," frothing at the mouth, and making strenuous 
efforts to bite everything that came near. During these convulsions, 
the patient would seize the pillows from his bed in his teeth, and shake 
and rend them with all the seeming ferocitj'- of an angry dog. An in- 
tense dread of water also exhibited itself, the sight of wdiich threw 
him into the most terrible convulsions, at these times requiring the 
united strength of five men to keep him under subjection, in fiict, 
every symptom of hydrophobia made itself conspicuous. The patient 
was attacked on Friday evening, January 19th. On Saturday night 
his physician, Dr. Axford, reached him, and at once was convinced of 
the terrible nature of the disease. Having had a case similar some 
seven or eight years since, where the patient recovered under his treat- 
ment, and has remained well ever since, after consulting the physician 
present. Dr. McCall, it was decided to place the patient upon the same 
treatment, which had been successful in the former case, which, for 
the aid it may be to others who suffer from this disease, we here give 



Appendix to Medical Department. 233 

as follows: The injection under the skin of large doses of morphine, 
and the administration of large doses of castor, which is a powerful 
anti-spasmodic. About one giain of tlie sulphate of morphine was 
injected under the skin once in four hours, and half a drachm of the 
powdered castor, mixed with syrup given internally. Tlie effect was 
to produce sleep in about half an hour, which lasted about an hour 
and a half, when the convulsions returned again, and returned at 
intervals, of an hour to an hour and a half until nine o-clock Sunday 
morning when the last convulsion occurred, after which he suffered 
severely from obstinate vomiting until Monday at 10 o'clock when, that 
also ceased, leaving the patient comparatively easy, but very much 
prosti'ated. Since that time he has graduall}'" improved, and now is to 
all appeaj-ances quite well. In addition to the above treatment, small 
quantities of chloroform were inhaled at times, and on Sunday morn- 
ing the patient was wrapped in a woolen blanket wrung out of a 
warm solution of muriate of ammonia, 18 to 20 grains to the ounce. 
This was the treatment which checked this fearful malady and which 
Dr. Axford for the sake of humanity is anxious should be published 
to the world, and thoroughly tested. 

Hydrophobia, — Immediately wash the bitten part with clear 
water; then take good tobacco (leaf tobacco, if possible; if not, strong 
manufactured cut tobacco) and make a suitable poultice for the place, 
changing it three or four times a day f.)r a week. This effectually 
absorbs everything poisonous. A strong decoction of the roots of the 
white ash will cure the bite of a mad dog. At Ulina, in Friula, a man 
suffering under the agonizing tortures of hydrophobia, was cured by 
draughts of vinegar given him by mistake. A physician at Padua 
hearing of it, tried the same remedy upon a patient at the hospital, 
giving 1 lb. of vinegar in the morning, another at noon, and a third at 
sunset, and the man was speedily and perfectly cured. 

Cure for Hydrophobia. — Dr. Buisson, of Lyons, claims to have 
discovered a remedy. In attending a female patient in the last stage 
of canine rabies, the doctor imprudently wiped his hands with a hand- 
kerchief impregnated with her saliva. He had a slight abrasion on 
the index finger of his left hand, and confident in his own curative 
system, the doctor merely washed the part with water. However, he 
was fully aware of the imprudence he had committed, and gives the 
following account of the matter afterwards: "Believing that the 
malady would not declare itself until the 40th day, and having numer- 
ous patients to visit, I put off from day to day the application of my 
remedy — that is to saj'-, vaipor baths. The ninth day, being in my 
cabinet, I felt all at once a pain in the throat, and a still greater one 
in the eyes. My body seemed so light that I felt as if I could jump to 
a prodigious height, or that, if I threw myself out of the window I 
could sustain myself in the air. My hair was so sensitive that I ap- 
peared able to count each separately without looking at it. Saliva kept 
continually forming in the mouth. Any movement of the air inflicted 
great pain on me, and I was obliged to avoid tlie sight of brilliant 
objects; I had a continual desire to run and bite, not human beings, 
but animals, and all that was near me. I drank with difficulty, and 
the sight of water distressed me more than the pain in the throat. I 
believe that, by shutting the eyes, any one suffering under hydropho- 
bia can always drink. The fits came on every five minutes, and I 
then felt the pain start from the index finger and run up the nerves 
to the shoulder. In this state, thinking that my course was preserva- 
tive and not curative, I took a vapor bath, not with the intention of 



234 Appendix to Medical Department, 

cure, but of suffocating- myself. When the bath was at the heat of 52 
Centigrade (03 3-5 Falircnheit), all symptoms disappeared, as if by 
magic, and I have never felt anything more of them. I have attended 
more than 80 persons bitten by mad animals, and I have not lost a 
single ease." Wlien a person has been bitten by a mad dog he must 
for seven successive days take a vapor bath a la Russe, as it is called, 
of 57 to 63 degs. This is the preventive remedy. When the disease is 
declared, it only requires one vapor bath, rapidly increased to 37 Centi- 
grade, then slowly to 63; the patient must confine himself to his 
chamber until the cure is complete. Dr. Buisson mentions other 
curious facts. A gentleman had been bitten by a rattlesnake, about 
eight leagues from home; wishing to die in the bosom of his family, 
he ran the greater part of the way home, and going to bed perspired 
profusely, and the wound healed as any simple cut. The bite of the 
tarantula is cured by the exercise of dancing, the free perspiration 
dissipating the virus. If a young child be vaccinated and then be 
made to take a vapor bath, the vaccine does not take. — Galignani. 

When first bitten, or when the symptoms are manifest, give a 
dessert-spoon of the anti-spasmodic tincture and a mild injection. 
Then proceed to the vapor bath, as hot as the patient can bear it. 
After the bath give an emetic. The wound should be cupped, and 
caustic potash applied afterwards. Apply a j^east poultice, and keep 
up the discharge. Add a little powdered charcoal to the poultice. 
Repeat the vapor bath and the injection every ten or twelve hours. 
The diet should be light and unstimulating; the drink sudorific, or 
promoting persperation. Drink often a decoction of skullcap, and at 
night take sulphur and cream-of-tartar. 

Hydrophobia. — A dread of water, or canine madness. This fear- 
ful disease, though most frequently caused by the bite of a dog, may 
be induced by the saliva of any excited or vicious animal; the time the 
mrus takes to act on the human system varying from four weeks to 
eighteen months. 

Symptoms. — The wound may have completely healed, when the 
patient suddenly experiences heat and pain in the part, and a tightness 
and constriction of the muscles of the face and neck, attended with an 
uneasy restlessness, and great irritability of temper, followed by thirst 
and difficulty of swallowing, particularly of liquids, and especinlly of 
water; the sight or sound of which throws him into violent convul- 
sions, accompanied with intense horror and alarm; the contraction of 
the throat amounts to a sense of suffocating agony, while the body is 
racked with spasms that in two or three days, and in some cases a few 
hours, terminate in death. 

Treatment. — Instantly tie a string above the wound, cut out the 
bitten part, or cauterize it freely with lunar caustic; tranquilize the 
system by a suppository of 10 grains of opium; give a mixture of 
opium, ammonia, camphor, and ether; apply bladders full of pounded 
ice to the spine, administer chloroform, and use the hot bath, with all 
the means and remedies advised under Bites, Stings, Rattlesnake, 
Neuralgia, and Locked Jaw, which see. 

The Bite of a Mad Dog. — Mr. Hildebrand, Veterinary Surgeon, of 
Germany, says: " Bathe the bitten place in hot water. He has ascer- 
tained by experience that hot water has the effect of decomposing the 
virus, and if applied in time renders cauterization unnecessary; in 
that case all that is to be done after well bathing the part as stated, is 
to apply the solution of caustic potash to the wound with a brush and 
anoint it with antimony ointment. Apply ice to the spinal column, 



Appendix to Medical Deparhnent. -- 235 

this is effectual ; or wash well with a strong decoction of tobacco, and 
then bind wetted tobacco on the wound, or take a pound of salt dis- 
solved in a quart of water, squeeze, bathe and wash tlie wound with this 
liquid for one or two hours, then bind some salt upon it for ten or 
twelve hours; or, mix powdered liverwort, 4drs. ; black pepper, 2drs.; 
divide this into four pai'ts, and take one in warm milk for four morn- 
ings, fasting. Dr. Mead aflirms he never knew this to fail. — Wesley. 

ITCH. — It is a skin disease, infectious. Sometimes it is caused by 
poor living, unwholesome food, bad air, unventilatedand dirty houses, 
dirty beds and clothes. The itch begins with small eruptions on the 
joints of the lingers, on the wrists, thighs, etc. They cause a most 
intolerable itching, the scratching of which only spreads the disease. 

Remedies. — Sweet oil, 1 lb.; suet, 1 lb. Melt and macerate; 
then add powdered nitre, 3 ozs. ; powdered alum, 3 ozs. ; powdered 
sulphate of zinc, 3 ozs.; oil of anise-seed, oil of spike, and oil of origan- 
um, to perfume; or, mix 2 ozs. of lard with 1 oz. of sulphur-vivum, 
and a few drops of essence of lemons. Before going to bed rub this 
well into the affected parts. In the morning wash with soap and 
warm water; change the linen and clothes. Repeat the application, 
if necessary. Take at the same time flour of sulphur and cream-of- 
tartar, in milk, beer, or molasses. 

Frequently take a warm hath. The greatest cures have been effected 
by it. 

Wash the parts affected with strong rum. — Tried. Or, anoint them 
with black soap, but wash it off soon; or, steep a shirt half an hour in 
a quart of water mixed with half an ounce of powdered brimstone. 
Dry it slowly, and wear it live or six days. Sometimes it needs re- 
peating. — Tried: or> mix powder of white hellebore with cream for 
three days. Anoint the joints for three mornings and evenings. It 
seldom fails; or, beat together the juice of two or three lemons, with 
the same quantity of oil of roses. Anoint the parts affected. It cures 
in two or three times using. 

The following is said soon to effect a cure : Sulphur-vivum, Venice 
turpentine, 1 oz. each; lard, % oz. Melt the lard and turpentine; add 
the sulphur. Apply several times a day. 

Or, wash the body well in warm water, and rub it with the follow- 
ing prei)aration : Lime, 3 ozs.: sulphur-vivum, 2 ozs. Mix in 1 qt. of 
water. Pour off, and use it when clear. 

A decoction of white hellebore, with a little lavender water, has 
been recommended. 

IRRITATING PLASTER.— Burgundy-pitch and bees-wax, 3^ lb. 
each ; thick tar, % lb. : Venice turpentine, 34 oz. Melt well and mix 
on a slow fire. When cold, mix with them powdered blood-root, 
poke-root, and a little cayenne. Spread on linen or soft leather. This 
plaster is counter-irritant, causes eruptions, and is a good curative for 
old sores and ulcers. It is highly recommended. 

HICCOUGH.— Commonly called Hiccup. A spasmodic affection 
of the diaphragm, in which the muscles of respiration and of the larynx 
are more or less involved. 

Hiccough may occur from eating too hastily after a lengthened 
fast, from drinking cold water, or from many causes affecting the 
stomach. As a symptom towards the end of fever, or in gangrene, it 
is always regarded as the near harbinger of death. 

The treatment for hiccough, when a sudden ejaculation or a diver- 
sion of the patient's mind fails to check it, is to give 20 drops of sal 
volatile and 15 drops of ether in a wiue glass of camphor water, or, in 
severe cases. 30 drops of laudanum. 



236 Appendix to Medical Department 

HICCUP. — Swallow a mouthful of water, stopping the mouth and 
ears. Tried. Or, take anythiii*^ that makes you sneeze; or, 3 drops of 
oil of cinnamon on a lump of sugar. — WesUy. 

INDIGESTION. — It may be the effect or symptom of some disease, 
as nervous debility of the stomach, costiveness, obstructed perspira- 
tion, want of exercise, especially in the open air, deficiency or vitiation 
of the gastric juice, gluttony, alcoholic drinks, depressing passions; 
intense study, onanism, or self-abuse, etc. Tea, coffee, and tobacco 
are most fruitful causes of this disease. 

Treatment. — Abandon, if possible, the causes which produce the 
effect. Give occasionally an emetic. If necessary, gentle aperients. 
Injections are often of great use. These methods may be repeated 
about once a week, till the disease abates. Emetics serve to remove 
morbid matter, impart new tone to the stomach, and give healthy 
action to the secretions. Dr. Beach recommends Zo&eZea combined with 
mandrake^ as the best emetic. The bowels are best regulated by al- 
ways eating hrown bread; for the bran gives a more natural stimulus 
to the liver and alimentary canal than any medicine that can be given. 

The use of the dyspeptic pill tends very much to improve the tone 
of the stomach. The restorative wine bitters cannot be too much rec- 
ommended. If indigestion arises from affections of the liver, treat for 
the same ; especially take the liver pill with the aforesaid medicines. 
If, from a disordered stomach, there is acidity, etc., take the neutral- 
izing mixture. 

In fine, be choice in your diet; and eat the unsifted flour, 'bj some 
called ground down, or brown bread — a better name would be — ground 
altogether. It is the grand panacea for indigestion. The dyspeptic 
must avoid or take little of fat meat, butter, cheese, pastry, strong 
coffee, green tea, and ardent spirits, whicli harden the food in course of 
digestion, and cause the feculent matter difficult and painful to be 
evacuated. Eat sparingly, take open air exercise as much as possible; 
use cold sponging. 

Indigestion. — Prescriptions.— Dr. Babington's.— Infusion of Co- 
lumba, 6 ozs. ; carbonate of potass, 1 dr. ; compound tincture of 
gentian, 3 drs. Mix. Three table-spoons to be taken every day at 
noon ; or, take Gentian and Columba roots (bruised) and camomile 
flowers, of each 1 oz., to 3 qts. of water; boil to three pints. Dose. — 
Two or three tea-cups a day ; or, take 1 oz. each of hops and carraway 
seeds; 24 cloves; J^ oz. of senna, and 24 black peppers. Boil the 
whole in 3 pints of water till it is reduced to 2 pints. A wine glass of 
the infusion to be taken twice a day, at eleven and three o'clock. 

Pain in the Stouiacli from Bad Digestion. — Take fasting, or in 
the fit, half a pint of camomile tea. Do this for 5 or 6 mornings; or, 
drink the juice of lialf a large lemon, or sweet orange, immediately 
after dinner every day. — Dr. Mead ; or, from 10 to 20 drops of elixir of 
vitriol in sage tea, twice or thrice a day; or in the fit a glass of vine- 
gar; or, take 2 or 3 tea-spoons of stomachic tinctui'e, in a glass of 
water, thrice a day. 

• The tincture is made thus: Gentian root, sliced, 1 oz. ; orange 
peel, dried, % oz; cochineal, 15 grs. : proof brandy, 1 pt ; in three or 
four days it is fit for use. This is useful in all disorders that arise from 
a relaxed stomach. — Wesley. 

LOCKED JAW — Tetanus.— A disease in which the muscles of the 
body are in a state of rigidity, with occasional spasms, and excrucia- 
ting pain. The cause of this disease is injury done to the extremities 
of the nerves, punctured or lacerated wounds of the hands or feet, sur- 
gical operations, or the use of narcotic poisons. 



Appendix to Medical Department, 237 

The muscles of the lower jaw become hard and contracted, the 
mouth is closed, and the patient cannot oi)en it; hence the name 
locked jaiD. The rigidity extends to the tongue and throat, causing 
great difficulty in swallowino;. Sometimes nearly the whole body is 
affected with the spasms. There is constriction of the breast, severe 
spasmodic pain in the stomach, shooting to the spine ; the face is 
hideously distorted, and the breathing very laborious. It is a danger- 
ous disease, and requires prompt skillful attention. 

Treatment. — When tlie disease is caused by wounds, they should 
be cleaned, and the inflammation subdued as soon as possible. If 
possible foment or steam over with bitter herbs, and steep in hot soap 
water several times a day. Then apply a poultice of slippery elm 
mixed witb \3^e or milk, and put on warm. Promote perspiration bj'' 
means of tne vapor bath, or place hot bricks wrapped in vinegar 
cloths to the feet and sides. Repeat if needful. Pour into the mouth 
a tea-spoon of the anti-spasmodic tincture every ten minutes until the 
muscles of tlie jaws relax to enable the patient to swallow. Give a tea 
made of balm and catnip. These means iiave often been effectual. 
Add more cayenne to the anti-spasmodic tincture if the rigidity does 
not give way. An aperient or injection will also be necessary. The 
latter may embrace a strong decoction of lobelia, milk, molasses, sweet 
oil, and a little anti-spasmodic tincture. 

Locked Jaw. — Tetanus, or rigid spasm, and sometimes called, from 
one of the symptoms, that of clashing the teeth, tiismus. 

Though trismus, or locked jaw, is one of the features of that fright- 
ful convulsive disease known as tetanus (where the body is sometimes 
bent backwards, or to either side, till it assumes the shape of a di'awn 
bow, the bones occasionally broken under the contractile force of the 
muscles, and the suffering of the patient intense), it frequentl}^ hap- 
pens that the local symptoms affecting the head and neck, resulting in 
locked jaw, take place without the general constitutional convulsion. 
It is to this form, or trismus, that we shall, for the present, contine our 
remarks. 

The causes inducing this generally fatal malady are often some 
local injury, such as rusty nails running into the hands or feet, bites, 
lacerations of the nerves from foul instruments, wounds received in 
dissection, and in war from the long exposure of the wounded to wet 
and cold. 

Symptoms. — These commence with pain along the course of some 
nerve or muscle, producing hardness and rigidity of the muscles of the 
chest, neck, and throat, accompanied with great difficulty of swallow- 
ing. As the disease advances, the pain and rigidity involves the chest, 
extends to the back and shoulders; the muscles of the face are soon 
afterwards thrown into violent action, and the jaws clash on whatever 
is placed in the mouth, and soon after become so completely closed 
that no artificial means can separate them; the eyes protrude, the skin 
of the face becomes pale and corrugated, the nostrils stand stifliy out, 
the angles of the mouth are puckered and drawn forcibly in, giving a 
ghastly and half-sardonic grin to the countenance ; the breathing is 
short and labored, and the patient endures terrible suffering. During 
all the time, however severely his body may be racked by pain, the 
patient's faculties remain clear and undisturbed. 

Treatment. — To reduce the spasm as quickly as possible is the 
first and most imporiant consideration. To effect this, drachm doses 
of laudanum should be poured down the throat while the jaws are 
apart ; the body placed up to the throat in a hot bath ; an injection of 



238 Appendix to Medical Department, 

warm gruel, tincture of assafoetida, and turpentine thrown in quantity 
up the bowels; and, finally, the whole spinal column rubbed with a 
strong embrocation of oil of amber, turpentine, ammonia, and cam- 
phorated oil; long strips of brown paper are then to be laid along the 
wet spine, and a hot flat iron passed a few times hastily over the paper, 
so as to drive the embrocation into the nervous centre by the heat of 
the iron. 

If the jaws have become early locked, one or two of the front teeth 
must be drawn out by the claw of the tooth-key, the tube of the 
stomach-pump passed down the gullet, and the laudanum — or lauda- 
num, gruel, and ammonia — pumped into the stomach. Should there 
be no convenience for a hot bath, one or more blankets can be soaked 
in very hot water, hastily wrung out, and the patient, previously 
stripped, instantly enveloped in both, laid in bed, and covered over 
with extra clothes. 

Chloroform promises to be the best remedy to reduce the spasms 
and relieve the patient of his suffering, and should be properly admin- 
istered by a medical man as soon as possible. Anotlier remedy much 
recommended for this disease is Indian hemp. See ''Tetanus." 

LUNGS. — Inflammation of. — Sometimes the disease effects one 
lobe of the lungs, and sometimes both. Males are more subject to it 
than females. Fi'equent colds, wet feet, intemperance, over exertion, 
and natural debility of the lungs induces this complaint. 

It generally begins with cold shiverings, followed by hot fever, 
dull pains in the chest or side, cough, and very laborious breathing, 
the pulse is full and quick, the bowels are often constipated, the urine 
deficient, the skin dry and burning, the expectoration scanty, but is 
gradually increasing, and sometimes it contains blood. It is a very 
dangerous disease; as it may proceed with such violence as to cause 
an effusion of blood or lymph into the texture of the lungs, as to cause 
suflbcation. 

Treatment. — Avoid bleeding by the lancet. Dr. Beach says: 
** All the blood in the body must pass through the lungs, after reach- 
ing the heart, before it can be again circulated ; but in this disease 
they are unable to perform this double duty from the great amount 
which has been distributed to them. As these organs have become 
unduly loaded; impeding respiration, etc., the obvious indication is — 
instead of abstracting, or rather attempting it — to return it to its 
original channels, and thus remove the burden under which they 
labor. Bleeding will not affect this ; but, on the contrary, it will so 
weaken or paralj'ze the heart, which is laboring to accomplish this 
object, that prostration, and often death, are the consequences." 

Give sudorific medicines to produce free and copious perspiration ; 
and for this purpose give a vapor bath, using an infusion of bitter 
herbs, as hops, camomile fiowers, pennyroyal, tansj'', catnip ; add 
vinegar; cover, and infuse two or three hours. It should be repeated. 
If the patient cannot bear the fatigue of the bath, place hot bricks, or 
bottles, to the sides and feet. Give also sudorific powders, which see, 
until the breathing is relieved, and free perspiration induced. As soon 
as the patient is relieved, the bowels must be regulated by giving a 
gentle purge, and also an emetic; repeat, if necessary; continue the 
sudorific powders; as these means are calculated to unload the chest, 
and return the blood to its foi-mer state. Injections, where the feces 
are hard, and the bowels lethargic, are of great importance, and should 
be given occasionally. If the cough is troublesome, give some of the 
cough remedies, or the expectorant sprup, or cough pills. The inhala- 



Appendix to Medical Department. 239 

tion of the steam of bitter herbs while infusing in boiling water serves 
to decrease the tightness of the lungs, and to promote expectoration. 
This should be repeated several times a day. 

Should there be much irritation, or spasfhodic affection, use the 
pulmonary syrui?. Bathe the feet occasionally in warm water. Mu- 
cilaginous drinks should be taken, as linseed, with a little lemon juice. 
An infusion of horeliound, boneset, catnip, with slippery elm, sweet- 
ened with the finest sugar, or sugar-candy, is a very proper drinlv. 
Great attention must be paid to diet ; it should be simple and easy of 
digestion; as arrow-root, sago, beef-tea, without or with little salt. 
When the inflammation is subdued, and the tongue is clean, give ton- 
ics, or the composition powder. 

NAILS. — Growing into the Flesh. — Cut a notch in the middle of 
the nail every time the nail is pared. The disposition to close the 
notch draws the nail up from the sides. 

Nails, To Whiten.— Wash them with turpentine, then with soap 
and water, next witli a solution of oxalic acid, and lastly, wash the 
hands well in warm water. 

NOISE IN THE EARS.— This is a symptom either of a distended 
stomach or a condition of congestion of the vessels of the neck and 
head, and in all cases should be^ttended to at once, especially in thick- 
necked and plethoric persons. When the stomach is the cause of the 
drumming, roaring and other noises heard, the organ should be 
relieved by an emetic or purgative; and when it arises from fullness of 
the vessels, either local or general bleeding must be adopted to reduce 
the circulation, as explained under Apoplexy and Congestion. 

Noise in the Ears. — Drop in juice of onions. 

PAIN IN THE BACK.— Steep root of water-fern in water, till the 
water becomes thick and clammy; then rub the parts therewith morn- 
ing and evening ; or, apply a plaster, and take, daily,balsam of copaiba ; 
or, apply garlic and hog's lard to the feet. — Wesley. 

PAIN^ IN THE HEAD AND FACE.— Take half a pint of rose- 
water, two tea-spoons of white vinegar, and form a lotion. Apply it 
to the affected part three times a day. It requires fresh linen and 
lotion each application; this will in two or three days, gradually take 
the pain away. 

PAINS IN THE JOINTS.— Make a poultice of the young leaves 
of Rag-wort, and put on as hot as can be borne. 

PAIN IN THE SIDE.— At bed-time apply a fresh cabbage leaf, 
warmed by the fire, and bind it tightly round the body for twelve 
hours, or more. The first application gives relief; if not, apply a 
second leaf. 

PIMPLES. — They generallj^ arise from indigestion, or some in- 
ternal derangement; therefore the disease should be attacked at the 
root. Take the following: Tincture of cardamons, 1 dr.; ipecacuanha 
wine, and a tea-spoon of flour of sulphur, with a glass of sherry or 
ginger wine. Take this on going to bed; repeat it every second or 
third night, and keep the bowels gently open. 

It is good to wash the face with warm water. Rub a sponge over 
old Windsor soap, and dip in warm water and apply. Glycerine soap 
is very useful. A weak solution of sugar of lead, or sulphate of zinc, 
sometimes is effectual. 

JAUNDICE.— From the French word, jawwe, yellow. This disease 
is known by the yellow color of the eyes, skin, and urine. The stools 
are either white or grey, caused by the absence of bile; and there is 
often pain in the right side, arising from the state of the liver; also, 



24© Ajf>pendtx to Medical Department 

mental depression, constipation, headache, drowsiness, nausea, vomit- 
ing. Jaundice is caused by obstructed secretion, or by a reabsorption 
of the bile. Hence it appears that the yellowness of the skin is pro- 
duced by bile taken up into the circulation, the effect of those causes. 
When large gall-stones get into the gall-ducts, they cause jaundice and 
very severe pain. When they pass away a cure soon takes place. 
Should the color of the skin become very dark-colored, it is an indica- 
tion of some incurable organic disease of the liver. 

Treatment. — Those means must be used which will promote the 
secretions, and the regular flow of bile. Give an aperient composed of 
senna, camomile flowers, ginger, and powdered jalap, of each 1 oz. 
Mix. Take half a tea-spoon in a little warm tea. After it has operated, 
give the common Emetic. Keep the bowels always gently open; and 
give the Liver Pill. 

Dr. Beach says, "In obstinate cases, the barberry root, cut up, and 
infused in cider, may be taken, and the purgative repeated, and the 
emetic also,if necessary. Common soot (he must mean wood-soot, pecu- 
liar to this country) scraped from the chimney, enclosed in linen, and 
boiled in water, makes a liquid which will be found very efllcacious; it 
may be taken alternately with the other medicine." 

If the pain on the right side is severe, use fomentations of the de- 
coction of hops. Use the vapor bath, and take some of the Sudorific 
Powder; for such means tend to relax the biliary duct, that the gall- 
stones may pass away. Let the diet be light and nourishing. The 
following decoction is useful: Burdock root, 1 oz. ; agrimony, loz. ; 
water, 2 qts. ; boil down to 3 pts. Dose. — A wine glass two or three 
times a day. 

Dr. A. Hunter recommends eggs. He states that the yolk of an 
%%^ is the most salutary of all animal substances. In jaundice no food 
is equal to it. "When the gall is too weak, or by accidental means, 
does not flow sufticiently into the duodenum, our food which consists 
of watery and oily parts, cannot unite so as to become chyle. The 
yolk of an %g'g unites the water and oil into a uniform substance, 
thereby supplying the deficiency of natural bile." 

Or, take a small pill of castile soap every morning for eight or ten 
days. — Tried. — Or, beat the white of an ^^^ thin; take it morning and 
evening in a glass of water. Or, half a pint of strong decoction of 
nettles, or of burdock leaves morning and evening. Or, boil 3 ounces 
of burdock root, in two quarts of water to 3 pints. Drink a tea-cup of 
this every morning. — Wesley. 

The plant Bitter-sweet has been very useful in this disease. See 
Robinson's Herbal, for tliat plant, also Jaundice. 

Jaundice. — One penny-worth of allspice, ditto of flour of brim- 
stone, ditto of turmeric; these to be well pounded together, and after- 
wards to be mixed with half a pound of molasses. Two table-spoons 
to be taken everv day. 

LIVER COMPLAIANT.— Take 4 lbs. of dandelion roots, bruise 
and press out the juice; run it through a muslin bag, and bottle it. 
Of this take two table-spoons three or four times a day. 

Drink occasionally of the following decoction: take the bruised 
roots above mentioned, a small handful of agrimony, and 2 ozs. of 
burdock root, to 3 qts. of water — boil to 2 qts. Of this take four 
half-pints a day. 

Liver — Inflammation of. — This disease generally begins with a 
sense of weight, or pain in the right side, about the false ribs. The 
pain often extends to the top of the right shoulder. The stomach and 



Appendix to Medical Department. 241 

bowels are disordered ; the appetite is impaired; the patient has sick- 
ness, often vomits bilious matter; there is a dry couo:h, oppressive 
breathing, a difficulty of lying on the right side; costiveness, emacia- 
tion, debility, hard and frequent pulse, and a sallow complexion. 

The office of the liver is to secrete the bile, the origin of whicli is 
this: the dark venous blood, passing through the liver on its waj- back 
to the heart, is there divested of its noxious matter, consisting largely 
of carbon, and so made fit for re-entering into tlie arterial circulation. 
A portion of the matter so separated from the blood is the hiU^ wiiich 
is discharged into the duodenum, and there mixes with the digested 
food, and performs the important office of fitting it for absorption into 
the system. The bile thus mixed with the elements of nutrition is 
also absorbed, and it is probable that it is adapted and designed to 
support the processes of respiratory combustion. It is the bile that 
gives the color to the feces, which indicate a healthy flow of the bile 
when they are the color of rhubarb. When, owing to some functional 
derangement, the bile mixes with the blood in its circulation, it is in- 
dicated by yellowness of complexion, in jaundice, and bj^ the symp- 
toms previously described. 

The healthy flow of bile is interrupted frequently by high living, 
obstructed perspiration, the drinking of wines, malt liquors, and 
especially ardent spirits, and dram drinking. 

Dr. Graham judiciously observes: "The term lixieT complaint \s 
now far too indiscriminately used. It is properly applied to designate 
disease in the texture of the liver; but the majority of the maladies 
called by that name, are in reality severe disorders of the digestive 
canal, that is, chronic affection of the stomach and intestines." 

The symptoms which indicate affections of the liver, are increasing 
debility and emaciation, the pain and uneasiness at the right side ex- 
tending to the shoulder, loss of appetite, full and hard pulse, etc. But 
in digestive disease, the loss of flesh is not so great, the breathing is 
not so laborious, and the pain is more in the region of the stomach. 

Treatment. — The first thing to do is to lessen the undue deter- 
mination of the blood to the part by equalizing its circulation, and 
restoring the proper secretions. This will be ettected by moderating 
the diet, living low, avoiding all stimulants, condiments, etc. Give 
the vapor bath, and the sudorific powders, to promote copious per- 
spiration. Take gentle aperients; as, senna, manna, cream-of -tartar, 
and fennel seed. The bowels should be moved at least once a day. 
All violent purgatives are to be avoided; they must be gentle. In weak 
constitutions, a decoction of tamarinds, sweetened with manna, often 
answers the purpose ; bat if not sufficiently strong add a little senna. 
Mild laxative injections occasionally are of great service. 

If there should be vomiting, mix supercarbonate of potash, 1 dr., 
with % pt. of peppermint water; and take a table-spoon whenever the 
vomiting returns. If the pain is severe, foment the side with a hot 
decoction of bitter herbs, as hops, etc. ; or the Anodyne Fomentation ; 
or apply the Stimulating Liniment. A poultice made of bran, or 
oatmeal, with a little mustard and cayenne pepper, and mixed with 
vinegar, and formed into a plaster or poultice, will be found to 
be invaluable. A mustard plaster is also applicable, and ans- 
wers better than a blister plaster, though it may be applied if the 
pain be obstinate; give also 10 grs. of the Diaphoretic Powders, for 
they allay pain, and promote sleep. If the sickness and irritation of 
the stomach continue, give an emetic, and repeat every day, if 
necessary. 

II 



242 Appendix to Medical Department. 

Medicines which promote the secretions of the urine have a very 
good effect here. (See "Diuretic Drops," etc.) Or, take 3^ dr. of 
purified nitre; or a tea-spoon of sweet spirits of nitre in gruel or balm 
tea three or four times a day. Continue this treatment till the symp- 
toms are subdued. 

Chronic disease of the liver arises chiefly from the induration and 
torpidity of the liver; therefore, the object must be to correct the dis- 
ordered state of the stomach and bowels, and to give tone and activity 
to the liver. This may be effected by the vapor bath, emetics, and 
sponging the body with the Stimulating Liniment; by the use of the 
Liver Pill, or Dyspeptic Pill, etc., which see. Apply to the painful 
part the Irritating Plaster. 

Liver PilL — 1 oz. each of powdered blood-root, powdered man- 
drake, and extract of dandelion, to which add 2 drs. of powdered 
senna. Add a few drops of oil of spearmint, or peppermint, and form 
into pills. Take two or three night and morning. This pill is a 
sovereign remedy for inflammation of the liver, and for jaundice. 

NETTLE RA8H. — So called from its resemblance to that pro- 
duced by the stinging of nettles. The skin is raised, and whitish on 
the top; it is attended with itching and tingling. It is a very mild 
disease, and seldom requires much medicine. The following remedies 
have been recommended: 

An equal proportion of oil, vinegar, and spirit of wine, applied to 
the skin, will afford temporary relief for the itching. Take, at the 
same time, 6 grs. of magnesia in a glass of lime-water three times a 
day; or rub the part well with parsley. 

But it is best to give the vapor bath of bitter decoction, and apply 
to the part the stimulating liniment, and an aperient; or apply tincture 
of lobelia and tincture of myrrh, mixed, to the skin. Sponge the 
body every morning in salt and water. Weak camphorated spirit is a 
good rubefacient in this disease. An emetic sometimes eftectually 
dislodges the disease. 

NEURALGIA or TIC DOLOUREUX.— Put half a drachm of sal- 
ammonia in an ounce of camphor water. Take a tea-spoon at a dose, 
and repeat the dose several times at intervals of five minutes, if the 
pain be not relieved at once. This medicine has generally cured. 

Or, take extract of valerian, 2 ozs.; henbane, \% ozs.; aconite, 3^ 
oz. Mix well, and with oil of lavender, form into pills. Take one or 
two every four hours. It acts like a charm on neuralgia, and all 
nervous disorders; or, applj'' bruised horse-raddish to the part affected. 
Chloroform has recently been applied to the parts affected with neu- 
ralgia. Indeed it is made a patent medicine for "Tic." A piece of 
lint should be soaked in it, and applied; cover it with flannel. 

NEUTRALIZING MIXTURE.— Powdered rhubarb, 3 scrs.; sal- 
eratus, or crude bicarbonate of potash, 3 scrs.; powdered peppermint 
plant, 3 scrs : boiling water, % P^- i decoction of anise-seed, % pt. Mix. 
Strain, sweeten with sugar, and add three table-spoons of brandy. 
Take one or two table-spoons as oft as the symptoms require it. For 
children a less dose. 

Very valuable in cholera, bowel complaints of children, laxity of 
the bowels, flux, etc. An infallible remedy. 

NIGHTMARE.— Tiie complaint always happens during disturbed 
sleep. It comes on with a sense of great weight on the chest, and a 
dreaming of something very frightful and horrible, bad persoiis, 
spectres of various shapes, wild beasts, infuriated animals in pursuit, 
and which the patient cannot escape, though apparently he makes, or 



Appendix to Medical Department. 243 

tries to make the greatest efforts to escape; he attempts to cry out, but 
generally in vain. The sensation is very distressing and painful. 
Sometimes the uneasiness continues after he awakes, so as to prevent 
his turning or moving in bed for some time. 

Studious, and nervous people, are most subject to it; it is also 
caused by heavy suppers. The disease is probably produced by indi- 
gestion, and by compression of the lungs, and the consequent obstruc- 
tion to the free return of blood from the brain. The disease is 
dangerous, and, doubtless, many have died under the attack; and 
their death has been attributed to apoplexy. 

The remedy is to avoid all exciting causes, as too much abstruse 
thinking, late and heavy suppers, food difficult of digestion, cold feet, 
costiveness, and flatulence. To prevent the nightmare, mix together 10 
grs. of carbonate of soda; 3 drs. of compound tincture of cardamoms; 
1 dr. of simple syrup, and 1 oz. of peppermint water. Repeat for sev- 
eral nights in succession ; afterwards take a few drops of the Aperient 
Mixture, or the Aperient Tonic Mixture. Also a little caj'^enne in 
scullcap tea will prevent an attack. Those who are habitually subject 
to nightmare should not sleep in a room alone, but have some person 
near them, to be awakened by their moans, groans, etc. 

Dr. Beach says: "It is not improbable that some of those persons 
who have been found dead in their beds were destroj'^ed hy it." 

NERYES. — These are contractile bundles of white cords, whose 
ends are connected to the brain, and spinal marrow, and thence extend- 
ing over the whole body, to receive impressions from external objects. 
They are in the eyes, at the root of the teeth, about the ears, in fact, 
everywhere in the bodj^ from the crown of the head to the sole of the 
foot. Two pairs of nerves proceed out of each side of the spine, and 
thence ramifying to every part of the body. They are so abundant, 
that we cannot touch any part of the skin with the point of a needle 
without coming in contact with a nerve, and a blood vessel. The 
great sympathetic nerve is the most important of all. It com- 
municates with all the spinal nerves, and several of those of the brain. 
Nerve Powder. — Take 1 oz. each of scullcap, and valerian ; cat- 
nip, 1 oz. ; cayenne, 1 dr.; coriander seeds, ^'^oz. Pulverize, and mix. 
Take a tea-spoon in a cup of boiling water, leaving room for milk and 
sugar. Repeat according to the symptoms. This powder tranquilizes 
the most irritable nei'ves without debilitating and deadening their sensi- 
bility. It greatly strengthens the nerves. 

Nervousness, — Sulphate of quinine, 1 dr. ; dissolve it in 6 ozs. of 
camphorated jalap; add of the volatile tincture of valerian, 3 drs.; 
tincture of columba, 3^ oz. Mix. When the nerves are irritable, at- 
tended with indigestion, flatulence, and occasional headache, this is 
often serviceable. Three table-spoons to be taken three times a day. 

Nervous Disorders — Rev. John Wesley's Directions.— When the 
nerves perform the office too languidl)^ a good air is the first requisite. 
The patient should rise early, and, as soon as the dew is off the ground, 
walk; let his breakfast be mother of thjane tea, gathered in June, 
using half as much as we do of common tea. Or, the common garden 
thyme, if the former cannot be procured. When the nerves are too 
sensible, let the person breathe a pi-oper air. Let him eat fresh veal, 
chickens, or mutton. Vegetables should be eaten sparingly; the most 
simple is the French bean, and the best root is the turnip. Wine 
should be avoided ; and all sauces. Sometimes he may breakfast upon 
a quarter of an ounce of valerian root infused in hot water, to which 
he may add both cream and sugar. Tea is not proper. When the 



244 Appendix to Medical Department 

person finds an uncommon oppression, let him take a large tea-spoon 
of the tincture of valerian root. 

This tincture slioukl be made thus: Cut in pieces six ounces of 
wild valerian root, gathered in June, and fresh dried. Bruise it in a 
mortar, tliat the pieces may be split, but it should not be beat into 
powder; put tliis into a quart of strong sherry wine; cork the bottle 
and let it stand three weeks, shaking it every day; then press it out, 
and filter through paper. 

But there is no remedy for nervous disorders of ever}'- kind, com- 
parable to the proper and constant use of the electrical machine. 

Nerve Drops. — Mix 8 drops of spirits of hartshorn with 4 drops 
of the oil of lavender, and take in a wine glass of water. 

Nervous Mixture, — Liquid carbonate of ammonia, }4, f'r. ; com- 
pound tincture of cardamom, 3^ oz. ; oil of lavender, 8 drops; mint 
water, 3 ozs.; mix, and take in two or three doses. It is invaluable. 

Nervous Pill. — Assafcetida, extract of hops, carbonate of ammonia, 
of each, 1 oz. ; extract of valerian, 20 grs. Dissolve the first two in- 
gredients over the fire, then take oflf, and add the others; mix well, 
and with a few drops of the oil of lavender, and a little powdered 
licorice, form into pills. Dose. — One or two once or twice a day. — 
Valuable in all nervous and hysterical disorders. 

Nervous Tincture. — Compound tincture of bark, 2 ozs.; ammon- 
iated tincture of valerian, 13^ ozs ; compound tincture of aloes, }j, oz. 
Mix. Good for general weakness, low spirits, and nervous irritability. 
Two tea-spoons twice a day. 

NETTLE. — The nettles make a good rubefacient for limbs cold, 
benumbed, and torpid. Paralytic parts being beaten and stung with 
this herb, have regained their vigor, and limbs which have lost their 
use by rheumatism. The juice is astringent, and is good in gravelly 
complaints, internal hemorrhage, and spitting of blood. 

A decocotioii is excellent in scurvy. The decoction is valuable in 
cases of bloody mine. The seeds and flowers of the nettle are as good 
a tonic as Peruvian bark in fevers and ague. About a drachm given 
in wine. A decoction of tiie root is most valuable in diarrhea and 
dysentery, or laxity of the bowels and bloody flux. It should be 
sweetened. Cancers, it has been said, have yielded to the juice of 
nettles, as much as four ounces having been taken in a day. — See Boh- 
insorCs Herbal. 

TIC -DOULOUREUX, or a painful spasm ; a name given by French 
physicians to an aggravated condition of neuralgia, aftectingthe nerves 
of the whole or one-half of the face or head. The peculiarity of this 
disease is that it commences without a moment's warning, seizing on 
the nerves of the face with the most violent pain, and continuing for 
an indefinite time to torture the patient with the most excruciating 
agony, frequently terminating as suddenly as it came on, though some- 
times gradually subsiding in its intensity. Branches of the 5th pair, 
or trifacial nerves, are the parts generally attacked, especially the 
supra and infra orbital, and the maxillary branch, and a line drawn 
from the centre of the eyebrow in a straight line to the lower jaw will 
cover the three points where the pain is usually felt most agonizing; a 
filament from each branch escaping on to the face by three small 
apertures, — one above the brow, the other under the orbit, and the 
third midway between the chin and the angle of the jaw. This most 
distressing disease generally attacks those whose digestive organs are 
faulty, selecting rather the weakly than the robust, and those whose 
constitutions have been much deranged by a long residence in a warm 



Appendix to Medical Department, 245 

climate, and more particularly those who have suft'ered much from 
wounds and injuries to the head ; in fact, whatever may have been the 
remote inducement, an unhealthy state of the stomach and bowels is 
in ail cases the immediate cause of an attack of tliis disease ; however 
much tlie nervous system may be or has been irritated, it is to some 
derangement of tlie bowels, or to tlie presence of some crudity in tlie 
stomach, that this dreaded enemy is to be attributed, whicii, as we 
have stated, may attacli the patient without a premonitory symptom, 
may rack him for hours with a rigid spasm of tlie nerves and a convul- 
sive twitching of the facial muscles, or it may only endure for a few 
minutes and not recur for weeks or months, or it may revisit him at 
every change of the wind to the east, or it may become periodical, and 
recur at regular intervals, like an ague. 

The Treatment. — In all cases where the pain can be endured 
for some time, to allow of the action of aperient medicine, the treat- 
ment should commence by giving one or two of the compound assafoe- 
tida pills, and if there is any acidity in the stomach, by ordering a 
draught composed of 30 grs. of bicarbonate of potass, or carbonate of 
soda, dissolved in a wine glass of camphor water, with 1 dr. of the 
aromatic tincture; this draught to be repeated every six or eight hours 
if necessary. To promote digestion, when a want of tone in the 
stomach is regarded as an exciting cause, a tea-spoon of Gregory's 
powder, with 5 grains of Colombo powder, should be taken in a little 
peppermint water an hour before each meal; at the same time, care 
should be taken to keep the skin clean and healthy by a warm bath, 
and the free use of the llesh-brush. When, as is sometimes the case, 
the state of the mouth and gums and the condition of the teeth is an 
exciting cause, the evil should be at once remedied; the teeth, if 
necessary, scaled, the decaj^ed and irritating stumps removed, and a 
wash of borax and water, with a tincture of myrrlt, freely used with 
the tooth-brush to clean the teeth and gums. Such are the means and 
precautions which should be employed in the intervals of attack, or 
when the pain will allow of their being adopted, to prepare the body 
to resist a renewed attack of the disease. 

"When, however, the paroxj'sm is on, and the patient almost dis- 
tracted with the severity of his'sutiering, and there is no time to wait 
for the action of the aperient medicine, relief to the symptoms must be 
found first, and the pain abated before the doctor troubles himself 
about the disease. 

When the pain comes on in paroxysms at regular recurring inter- 
vals, the remedies, as in intermittent fever, can only be given with a 
hope of benefit an hour or two before the expected attack. In such 
cases the best means to emplo}-^ are the following, taking the draught 
two hours before the paroxysm, and the pills as directed: 

Take of sulphate of quinine, 10 grs.; infusion of roses, 12 drs. ; 
tincture of ginger. 3^ dr. Mix, and make a draught, to be taken, if 
possible, two hours before the attack. 

Take of sulphate of quinine, 6 grs.; tartar emetic, 3^ gr. ; powder- 
ed opium, 2 grs. ; extract of poppy, enough to make a mass, which 
divide into three pills, one pill to be taken every half hour after the 
draught. 

As a general rule quinine should not be given till the bowels have 
been opened; should they not have been so within twelve hours, an 
aperient pill and draught must be given soon after the above medicines, 
to prevent their acting hurtfuUy on the head. 



246 Appendix to Medicai Department, 

In thin, delicate, or inflammatory subjects, instead of a draught 
and pills the following powders may be beneficially employed: 

Take of carbonate of iron, 1 dr. ; sulphate of quinine, 15 g-rs. ; 
aromatic powder, 1 dr. Mix, and divide into four powders: one to be 
given every half hour before the expected time of attack. 

To afford relief during the paroxysm of pain, and where no med- 
icine has been previously given, a suppository of 10 grains of soft 
opium should be immediately passed up the rectum, and the following 
draught taken as soon after as possible, followed ^n^yj quarter of an 
hour, till relief is obtained, by a claret glass of port wine : 

Take of sulphate of quinine, 6 grs. ; brandy, 3^ oz. ; laudanum, 45 
drops; sal- volatile, spirits, 1 dr.; sulphuric ether, 25 drops; water, 1 
oz. Mix: to be drank instantly. An emetic, in many instances, will 
arrest the acute agony of the pain, and where no cause prevents its 
use, should be employed; in such cases, one-half the doses given in 
these last prescriptions will be found sufficient to break the force of the 
paroxysm. 

The discovery of chloroform has placed in the physician's hand a 
powerful agent for good in such cases; but as very great danger 
attends its indiscriminate use, and as it should never be given but 
under the eye of a medical man, we have purposely refrained from 
prescribing it. (See " Neuralgia.") 

PILES. — An enlargement of the veins at the lower termination 
of the intestines, frequently causing great pain, bleeding, and difficult 
evacuation. The tumors are seated sometimes externally, and some- 
times within the verge of the anus, for the most part attended with a 
discharge of blood; these are called bleeding piles. When no blood is 
discharged, they are teimed blind piles^ and, when the discharge is 
only serum, white piles. 

It is most frequently caused by costiveness, by pregnancy, and a 
sedentary life, by strong purgatives, and by dram-drinking. The 
piles are sometimes the effect of relaxation and debility, and not un- 
frequently result from an inflammatoiy action in the rectum, and a 
diminished secretion of mucus from its inner membrane. 

Treatment. — When piles are caused by constipation, and a de- 
bilitated state of the bowels, it is needful to open them, and keep them 
so by gentle aperients. Medicines which act moderately upon the 
bowels, are calculated to remove that morbid state of the liver and 
stomach which often causes the complaint. The patient may take sul- 
phur, cream-of-tartar, confection of senna, and the lenitive electuary; 
but all strong purgatives must be avoided. 

Mix sulphur, 1^ oz.; confection of senna, 2 ozs. ; saltpetre, 3 drs.; 
and as much syrup of orange as will give the mixture a proper con- 
sistence. About the size of a nutmeg must be taken two or three times 
a day. 

It is Yery soothing and healing to steam the parts with a sitz bath 
made of a strong decoction of bitter Jierbs; as hops, catnip, tansy, 
pennyroyal, and camomile flowers. Pour upon them boiling water 
and vinegar. Infuse some time ; boil again, and let the steam ap- 
proach the parts. 

A cold water cloth has been found of great service. Dip a cloth 
into cold water; let the cloth be four-fold ; apply it close, and press it 
to with a dry cloth ; as it warms, re-dip into cold water; do this several 
times; then convey into the anus some pure tallow or lard, or the pile 
ointment, described at the end of this article. A slippery elm poul- 
tice, made with milk and water to a proper consistence, may also be 



Appendix to Medical Department. 247 

applied. The slippery elm is both cooling and healing. Ten drops of 
laudanum may be added to the poultice. 

When there is great constipation, an ^molient injection is indi- 
cated. Take ^ pt. of water, 3^ a dessert-spoon of salt, and 1 oz. of 
castor oil. Retain it as long as possible. The following injection is 
recommended by Dr. Simmons : 

Witch hazel leaves, 3^oz.; cranesbill, 3^oz.; meadow fern burrs, 
loz.; slippery elm, 2 drs.; mix the powders well together, and pour 
upon them 134 pts. of boiling water. Infuse for 4 hours, and strain 
it. In the morning use 3^ pt. for an injection, and at night not quite 
so much, and retain it, if possible, all night. Repeat as often as 
necessary. 

The marshmallow ointment is also very useful. For blind piles 
the tincture of lobelia is very good; so also is brandy, a little diluted, 
applied frequently. 

It is a good plan to cleanse the anus night and morning with soft 
soap and water; then using tallow or the pilevvort ointment, or any of 
the ointments for the piles. It is good to wash the anus after every 
evacuation. Generally speaking, the application of cold water is more 
effectual than warm water for fomenting, etc.; but this must be de- 
cided by the patient, as warm water in some states of the piles is very 
soothing. 

To effect a cure, the bowels must be kept regularly open. Take 
Epsom salts, 34 oz.; infusion of senna, 6 drs.; tincture of senna, 3 
drs. ; decoction of bark, 1 oz. ; spearmint water, 1 oz, ; water, 4 ozs. ; 
best manna, 3 drs. Mix, and take from 3 to 6 table-spoons every 
morning, or every other day. The diet should be chiefly vegetable till 
the disease is gone. Or, tal^e a gentle aperient also every other night, 
and on the alternate night the tonic pill (which see). 

When the constitution has become habituated to the disease, stim- 
ulants, as pepper and ginger, taken with the aliment, often afford 
considerable relief. Elecampene root, 2 ozs.; sweet fennel-seed pow- 
der, 3 ozs.; black pepper powder, 1 oz.; milk of sulphur, 1 oz.; puri- 
fied honey, 2 ozs.; brown sugar, and molasses, of each 1^ ozs. Mix 
the first four ingredients; melt the honey, sugar, and molasses, and 
then mix all together. About the size of a nutmeg to be taken two 
or three times a day. 

The (Tecoction of oak bark is said to be a good remedy for piles. 

*'Aloes,"says Dr Buclian, "which form a principal part of the 
advertised pills, are frequently the cause of piles. Therefore persons 
subject to them should avoid all aloetic purges. An habitual costive- 
ness is much more effectually and safely removed by a spoonful of 
castor oil taken occasionally in an evening." A weak solution of sugar 
of lead with a little laudanum is useful when the piles are very pain- 
ful. Powdered galls and hog's lard form a good ointment. Henbane 
leaves powdered and mixed with slippery elm and sweet oil, and six 
drops of laudanum, form a good application. The pain is often re- 
moved by an emetic, or by taking twice a day 20 or 30 drops of balsam 
of copaiba on loaf sugar, or in a little peppermint water. The vapor 
of boiling water over leeks is useful. 

Piles, Bleeding. — Lightly boil the juice of nettles with a little 
sugar; take 2 ozs. It seldom needs repeating. — Wesley. 

Piles, To Cure. — Apply warm molasses. Or, a tobacco-leaf 
steeped in water 24 hours. Or, a poultice of boiled brook-lime; it 
seldom fails. Or, a bruised onion, skinned, or roasted in ashes; it 
perfectly cures the dry piles. Or, fumigate with vinegar, wherein red 



248 Appendix to Medical Department, 

hot flints have been quenched; this softens even schirroiis tumors. — 
Wesley. 

Inward Piles.— Swallow a pill of pitch, fasting-. One pill usually 
cures the bleeding piles. Or, eat a large leek, boiled. Or, talve twice 
a day as much as lies on a shilling of the thin skin of walnuts, pow- 
dered. — Wesley. 

Piles, Ointment for.— Take of emolient ointment, 2 ozs. ; liquid 
laudanum, 3^ oz. Mix these ingredients with the yolk of an egg, and 
work them well together. 

Pilewort Ointment, Improved.— The plant, pilewort, (ranuncu- 
lus ficaria^) flowers in March and April. It should be gathered when 
in bloom, chopped extremely flne, after the roots and plant have been 
well washed. Boil in lard, without burning, two hours, stirring all 
the time. Strain while hot. Add 1 dr. of belladonna, 1 dr. each of 
opium and camphor, powdered. Mix, and make an ointment. 

PLEURISY. — Pleurisy is inflammation of the membrane termed 
pleura, which covers the lungs, and lines the internal surface of the 
chest. It is caused by obstructed perspiration, through exposure to 
cold, bleak winas; drinking cold liquors when the body is hot; sleep- 
ing out doors, or on the damp ground; wet clothes; exposure to the 
cold air when in a state of perspiration. It may also be caused by 
drinking strong liquors, by the stopping of the usual evacuations, 
etc., etc. 

The SYMPTOMS are shivering, pain in the head, back, stomach ; 
sickness, and vomiting, despondency, violent pain in one or both sides, 
difflcult breathing, high fever, thirst; the pain is greater when cough- 
ing, or when taking in a full breath; the pulse is hard, strong, and 
frequent. 

Treatment. — In this disease the temperature of the whole body 
and its extremities is diminished, while the heat in the affected part is 
greatly augmented. AUopathists would recur to bleeding at once; but 
that system of depletion is not necessary. Common sense says, equal- 
ize the circidation of the bloody and this can only be done by restoring 
that which has been partially lost or diminished, viz., vitality or heat. 
The disease has been caused by cold; it must be cured by a wise ap- 
plication of heat. Do this at the very beginning of the disease before 
the patient is debilitated. Give a vapor bath; or bathe the feet in 
warm water, and apply hot bricks wrapped in water and vinegar 
cloths while the patient is in bed. Give also an emetic at the same 
time. When the emetic has taken effect, give immediately two table- 
spoons of the sudorific tincture, or half a tea-spoon of the sudorific 
powders. Continue them, to keep up a gentle moisture on the skin. 
If they cause vomiting, never mind, for it helps to cure. At night 
bathe the legs up to the knees in warm water, with a little soap or 
soda in, for about ten minutes. Let warm herb tea be constantly 
drank, as balm, hyssop, catnip, pennyroyal, etc 

Apply the rheumatic liquid to the chest or sides; or fomentations 
of bitter herbs, as hops, tansy, etc., to which add some cayenne tinc- 
ture. 

Salt, cayenne, and brandy, well simmered, and made strong, form 
an excellent application for pleuritic pains. These means seldom fail 
to arrest the disease. It may be added, if the bowels are constipated, 
give a gentle injection, and a gentle aperient. Let the diet be very 
simple, as sago gruel, arrow-root gruel, common gruel with a squeeze 
of lemon, etc. During the progress of the disease the cough pill, and 
the pulmonary syrup, will be of great service. After the pleuritic 



Appendix to Medical Department 249 

symptoms are gone, take the composition powder, and any of the 
tonic bitters. 

Pleurisy Root. — An American plant. It is expectorant, sub- 
tonic, astringent, diaphoretic, carminative, anti-spasmodic, dinretic, 
etc. It promotes perspiration. It is a valuable medicine for the lungs, 
promoting expectoration, alleviating difficult breathing in asthma, and 
especially in pleurisy; hence its name. It is valuable in all fevers; in 
colics and griping, acute pains in the stomach, and female complaints, 
as copious menstruation, spasms, and nervous debility. It is a specific 
in measles. The dose of the root in powder is from 15 to 30 grs. three 
times a day. ;N"early a cup of the decoction may be taken nearly as 
often. 

PALPITATION OF THE HEART.— This is a very strong pulsa- 
tion of the heart, sometimes only occasional, but often continual. It 
arises from morbid irritability of the heart; it is often purely nervous, 
caused, in some cases, by the disordered state of the stomach and 
bowels, by alcoholic drinks, by excessive venery, by extreme grief, 
and disappointments preying upon the spirits, all tending to weaken 
the nervous system. It is sometimes a symptom of other diseases, as 
indigestion, hysteria. The beating is frequently so violent as to be 
heard at a considerable distance, and sometimes the eff*ects of the in- 
creased action of the heart may be seen on the outside of the clothes. 
The pulse at the same time is very irregular, and often intermittent. 
Palpitation of the heart is not to be neglected, as it may lead to serious 
consequences. 

The treatment of this disease is much similar to that for indiges- 
tion. The treatment must depend on the state of the body ; for pal- 
pitation may be the effect of increased vitality, or fullness, or of 
debility and relaxation, etc. If the system be in a plethoric state, 
(fullness,) aperients and a spare diet must be enjoined. Avoid all 
stimulants. In case of general debility, 20 drops of ether, with 1 tea- 
spoon of tincture of castor, in a wine-glass of the infusion of valerian, 
two or three times a day. When it arises from disease of the heart, or 
of the large vessels, then avoid plethora, much bodily exertion, full 
meals, and excesses of every kind. The following mixture is valu- 
able : 

Tincture of henbane, 2 ozs. ; tincture of fox-glove, 3 drs. ; sweet 
spirits of nitre, % oz. ; mix, A tea-spoon and a half to be taken two 
or three times a day in a glass of water. 

If the action of the heart is very violent, apply a mustard plaster 
to the left side, or strong hop and poppy-head fomentations. Two 
grains of hemlock powder may also be taken every seven or eight 
hours. After the cessation of palpitation, take tonics, sponge the 
breast with tepid or cold water, and gentle exercise in the open air. 

Paipitatioii of tiie Heart Cured by Soda- Water.— A lady, about 
forty years of age, had suffered twelve years from periodical attacks 
of palpitation of the heart, so violent as to shake the bed on which 
the patient lay. During one attack, feeling thirsty, she expressed a 
desire for some soda-water. No sooner had she swallowed the first 
draught than her palpitation left her, and recurred no more until the 
period of the next attack. A.s soon as it commenced, she sent for her 
medical attendant, and told lilni what had occurred a month previ- 
ously, and requested to be allowed to try the same remedy a second 
time. He consented, but, wishing to ascertain which of the ingredi- 
ents of the soda-water had relieved the complaint, he gave her a dose 
of citric acid by itself. This had no effect. He then gave her a dose 



250 Appendix to Medical Department. 

of carbonate of soda, which also failed. He then mixed the powders, 
and gave her some ordinary soda-water, placing his hand at the same 
time upon her heart. The moment she swallowed the first mouthful, 
the palpitation ceased, and recurred no more for that time. From that 
period, whenever the palpitation came on, she could always stop it by 
this simple remedy. It appears, from the experiments made by med- 
ical men, that the carbonic acid was the active element in relieving the 
complaint, because, until the gas was liberated by the mixture of citric 
acid and the carbonate of soda, no benefit accrued. — Journal of 
Health. 

Palpitation of tlie Heart,— To 10 drops of the tincture of fox- 
glove, add 10 drs. of camplior mixture, 1 dr. of tincture of columba, 
and 15 drops of sulphuric ether. Mix, and take 1 tea-spoon two or 
three times a day. 

Palpitation of the Heart. — Drink a pint of cold water. Or, ap- 
ply outwardly a rag dipped in vinegar. Or, be electrified. Or, take a 
decoction of mother-wort every night. — Wesley. 

PALSY, OR PARALYSIS.— It is a disease of debility, or dimin- 
ished sensibility of the nerves, sometimes of the whole body. It is 
indicated by a suspension of motion, frequently of one side, rarely the 
lower extremities from the loins; and it is sometimes confined to a 
muscle or nerve, as of the bladder and anus, allowing the urine and 
feces to pass ofl" involuntarily; sometimes the muscles of the tongue, 
causing stammering and loss of speech ; sometimes of the optic 
nerves, producing gutta serena, or imperfect vision; and sometimes 
the nerve of the ear, causing deafness. 

It is generally preceded by numbness, coldness, paleness, etc. In 
bad ca.ses, where one-half of the body is paralysed, the speech is much 
impeded, or totally lost, and convulsions often take place on the sound 
side. The muscles of the affected side of the face being relaxed, give 
those of the opposite side an appearance of being drawn up or con- 
tracted. 

It may be caused by an apoplectic attack, anything obstructing 
the flow of nervous influence from the brain into the organs of mo- 
tion; hence, tumors, overdistension and eff"usion, distortions of the 
spine, and thickening of the ligaments connecting the vertebrae, often 
give rise to it. The long-continued use of sedatives will likewise pi-o- 
duce palsy, such as constant handling of white lead; poisonous fumes 
of metals or minerals; translation of morbid matter to the head; sup- 
pression of accustomed evacuations ; pressure on the nerves by laxa- 
tives; fractures, wounds, or other external injuries, etc. 

Treatment. — In sudden attacks, the same treatment as in apop- 
lexy. To remove spasmodic symptoms, give tlie anti-spasmodic tinc- 
ture every hour. Betwixt give the stimulating drops, followed by 
herb tea. Steam the parts well with a bitter decoction of herbs; as 
tansy, hops, wormwood, camomile, catnip, pennyroyal, and betony, 
or any other bitter herbs. Pour boiling vinegar and water upon them ; 
cover up, and let it infuse some time. Then rub the part with a stim- 
ulant, made of salt and cayenne, infused in hot vinegar; or, made of 
cayenne, whisky, and salt. Twice a day rub the spine of the back 
with the stimulating ointment; or apply mustard plasters; or sting 
the place with nettles. Electricity and dry fiictions are very good. 
Once or twice a week give the vapor bath; and two hours after rub 
the whole body with the stimulating liniment. Dr. Beach recom- 
mends the following injection: Cayenne pepper, 1 tea-spoon; lobe- 
lia, 2 tea-spoons; boiling water, 1 pt. Let it infuse ; stir well, in order 



Appendix to Medical Department. 251 

to get the strength out as soon as possible; sweeten with molasses; add 
1^ pt. of milk, and 1 gill of sweet oil. Give it warm, as much as the 
patient can bear ; this will excite action in the bowels, and promote 
evacuations. Salt and water will make a very good injection. 

If constipation should prevail, coarse, orbrown bread, should be 
eaten, or aperients should be taken, or a dose of castor oil; followed 
by the continual use of the restorative bitters, introducing the perox- 
ide of iron, saj' 34 oz. to 1 pt. of the bitters. Also take a nervous pill, 
and occasionally the alterative syrup. Let the diet be simple, light, 
and spare. Take abundant exercise in the open air, when the weather 
permits. 

Palsy, Infusion for. — Take horse-radish, mustard-seed bruised, of 
each, 4 ozs. ; outer rind of orange peel, 1 oz. ; infuse in 2 qts. of boil- 
ing water in a close vessel for 24 hours. In paralytic affections, a tea- 
cup of this warm stimulant may be taken 3 or 4 times a day. 

PAINTER'S COLIC; (see ''Colic").— This is a dangerous disease; 
it is attended with severe and violent pain, and paralytic symptoms, 
and sometimes with nausea, vomiting of acid bile, severe pains; spas- 
modic pains about the region of the navel, violently shooting to each 
side; it is often attended by violent spasms of the bowels, with ob- 
stinate costiveness. If the disease is not arrested, it may terminate in 
gangrene, paralysis of the limbs, etc. It is caused by the absorption 
of lead into the system, chiefly by respiration; hence painters, plumb- 
ers, potters, miners, and white lead workers are most subject to it. 

Treatment. — To some extent the system is impregnated with 
lead; the great object therefore must be to cause nature to expel the 
same. The nausea and the vomiting must be arrested by the neutral- 
izing mixture; give a table-spoon every half hour, or as often as vom- 
iting takes place ; when it ceases, give the aperient electuary, or the 
aperient tonic mixture, now and then. When the first symptoms 
appear, give an injection as follows : Warm water, 1 pt.; salt, 2 tea- 
spoons; anti-spasmodic tincture, 2 table-spoons; and 1 table-spoon of 
slippery elm. 

Apply to the stomach and region of the navel hot fomentations of 
a strong decoction of hops and poppy-heads, a little anti-spasmodic 
tincture, and 20 or 30 drops of laudanum to a pint. Give the vapor 
bath daily; and afterwards apply friction, and rub the body all over 
with the stimulating liniment. An emetic now and then will be of 
great use. The injections must be repeated until evacuations are ob- 
tained. Drink at the same time a decoction of the sudorific herbs, as 
balm, catnip, yarrow, peppermint, camomile, etc. 

If the disease abates, discontinue gradually the use of the above 
remedies; do not cease all at once, for the disease is a very insidious 
one, and may return. The application of dry hot salt, folded up in a 
bag, is a most valuable remedy. Keep it heating in the oven, and 
have two bags; change as the one cools. To remove paralysis in any 
part, apply frequently the stimulating liniment. The diet must be 
low and sparing. 

RHEUMATISM. — This disease commonly occurs in autumn and 
Spring, and seldom in winter or summer, unless the vicissitudes of heat 
and cold be sudden and frequent. In a plethoric habit, or when at- 
tended with fever or super-irritation, it is called acute or inflammatory 
rheumatism ; and when with sub-irritation, chronic rheumatism. 

Acnte Rheumatism. — Its symptoms are fever, with pain, swell- 
ings, and redness of the joints, as tlie knees, hips, ankles, shoulders, 
elbows, wrists, etc. The fever rarely continues violent more than 
fourteen, days, although sometimes the pain keeps shifting from one 



252 Appendix to Medical Department. 

joint to another for some weeks. The pain and sometimes the fever 
are much increased in the evening, and the former, durin": the nio^ht, is 
often acute. As the panis become fixed the fever generally abates. 

It is caused by exposure to cold, when the body is unusually warm, 
or by its x>^H^al application, or from a continuance of cold, as wet 
clothes, etc. 

Treatment. — In the first place, clear the stomach and bowels 
by aperients and emetics. If the skin is hot and dry, sponge the body 
all over with warm water and carbonate of soda, or common soda. If 
the skin is not very hot and dry, give the vapor bath of bitter herbs. 
Dry well, and apply the stimulating liniment. Repeat every day. 
From ten to thirty drops of colchicum or meadow saffron may be given 
two or three times a day, in a wine glass half full of the camphorated 
mixture. The diaphoretic powder is very useful in this disease; also 
an aperient of senna, manna, and cream-of-tartar, in solution. Use 
the rheumatic liquid, except in case of great debility. In such cases, 
the camphorated spirit, combined with tincture of aconite and oil of 
hemlock. This is an excellent rubefacient. Apply it two or three 
times a day. It always reduces the swellings and mitigates the pain. 
The alterative syrup is very effectual in the cure of rheumatism. 

Chronic Rheumatism. — This sometimes succeeds the acute. It is 
not so painful, but it abides longer. The period of acute rheumatism 
seldom exceeds 40 days ; after which, if the pain continue, it may be 
pronounced chronic. The joints most surrounded by muscles, and the 
paits most required for bodily exertion, as the hip and the loins, are 
commonly the seats of this complaint. When it aflects the hip joint, 
it is called Sciatica, and when situated in the loins, Lumbago. 

Treatment. — Keep the evacuations and secretions regular, as di- 
rected under acute rheumatism. Take the diaphoretic powder con- 
stantly on going to bed. Apply to the body the rheumatic liquid. 
Take the following: 

The sarsaparilla root, sliced and bruised, 6 ozs. ; sassafras, shavings 
of guiac wood, licorice root of each, 1 oz.; mezereon, 3 drs. ; distilled 
water 10 pts. Macerate for 6 hours; then boil down to 5 pints; add- 
ing the mezereon and sassafras a few minutes before taking oflf. Strain 
for use. A pint nearly should be taken every day. 

Alkalies are very useful. Take % oz. of bicarbonate of soda, and 
put it into a pint of pure water. Dose. — A table-spoon two or three 
times a day. The vapor bath is also very serviceable, after which rub 
the body well with the stimulating liniment. It is a good thing to 
envelop the joints in carded cotton, covered with oiled silk, or gutta 
perclia sheeting; this acts as a vapor bath, by excluding the air. White 
mustard seed taken inwardly may be tried; also, a decoction of Peru- 
vian bark, sassafras, and gum guiac. Bitters and mild purgatives 
render great benefit. Friction by the flesh brush, electricity, or gal- 
vanism, should be tried. The warm baths of Buxton and Matlock are 
of essential service. The miscellaneous remedies are invaluable. 

Rheumatism. — To those who dwell in damp districts, or damp 
houses, and are hence subject to rheumatism, coughs, colds, etc., the 
free use of lemon juice, (vvhen strained, and where it does not disagree 
with the stomach) is a most eft'ectual preventive as well as a remedy. 
I have found the regular use of a wine glass or two a day so to 
strengthen a very delicate constitution, liable to cold on the slightest 
occasions, that in a short time it defied not only damp, but every in- 
clemency, and all exposure. 

A correspondent of the Medical Circular vouches for the relief he 
has experienced in the liberal use of lime (fresh lemon ) juice, while 



Appendix to Medical Department. 253 

laborinof under the paroxysms of rheumatism. By repeated indulgence 
in the above simple acid, for the space of three days, avoiding all stim- 
ulating liquids, the most contirmed rheumatism will, he says, relax, 
and the tone of the muscular and nervous system will be restored to its 
usual character. The fact was lirst established by the circumstance of 
the Jews being, as a general body, scarcely ever affected with the above 
disease, and this particular exemption from the malady under consid- 
eration, as affecting the disciples of the Hebrew persuasion, was, and 
has been, attributed to the very free indulgence which the above peo- 
ple exercise in their dietary consumption of lemon juice. 

When the lemon juice disagrees, either of the two following for- 
mulae may be substituted: Lemon juice (strained or filtered) and 
molasses, equal parts; powdered sugar-candy, sufficient; mix intimate- 
ly, — a table-spoon three or four times a day. 

Or, take powdered rhubarb, 2 drs.; acetate of potash, 1 oz. ; 
guaiacum, 1 dr. ; sulphur, 2 ozs. ; 1 nutmeg, grated very fine ; mo- 
lasses, 1 lb. Mix, and take two tea-spoons night and morning. 

The seat of rheumatism is in the muscles — electro-galvanism must 
be used ; it is generally the best plan to begin with currents of the 
weakest power, and gradually to increase their strength so long as the 
application causes no pain. Dumb bells should be used above all, 
every day ; they should never exceed in weight 1 lb. for ladies, and 4 
lbs. for men. Silk is the best non-conductor of cold we have, and it is 
aflirmed that those of the fair sex who wear tight fitting sleeves to 
their silk dresses are not subject to rheumatism ; males should wear 
thick silk sleeves to all their waistcoats ; they can be easily taken off, 
and tacked or sewn onto another vest ; besides the above precautions, 
flannel must be worn summer and winter by day, "but never by 
night," next the skin ; at night a small flannel spencer or jacket should 
be worn over the night dress. 

Tailors and milliners have much to answer for in introducing such 
modern inventions as the wide sleeves, and in like manner "the apology 
of a bonnet ; " this last, the cause of tic doloreux, rheumatism, etc. 

Rheumatism.— To prevent, wear washed wool under the feet. To 
cure, use the cold bath with rubbing and sweating ; or, apply, warm 
steams ; or, rub iu warm molasses, and apply to the part brown paper 
smeared therewith ; change it in twelve hours; or, drink half a pint of 
tar-water morning and evening; or, steep six or seven cloves of garlic 
in a half a pint of white wine: drink it lying down. It sweats, and 
frequently cures at once. Or, mix flour of brimstone with honey, in 
equal quantities, take 3 tea-spoons at night, 2 in the morning, and 1 
afterwards, morning and evening, till cured. This succeeds oftener 
than ?LViy remedy I have found. — Weslep. 

Rheumatism. — Extract of sarsaparilla, 1 oz. Triturate in 1 pt. 
of boiling water. Dissolve 2 drs. of iodine of potass; and begin with 
small doses two or three times a day. Very valuable. 

The application of wheat, bran, or oatmeal poultice, diluted with 
muriatic acid water, or the tincture of lobelia water, has often been 
known to give relief. 

Rheumatism. — Take a large handful of buckbean, 4 ozs. of white 
mustard seeds, and 1 of lignum vitae, or wood of life, to 2 qts. of 
water; boil to 3 pts. Dose.— Three tea-cups a day. Use also the fol- 
lowing liniment . Take of sal-volatile, 3ozs. ; oil, 1 oz.; camphor, 34 
oz.; laudanum, 1 oz. Rub the part affected with this liniment three 
times a day. 

Rheumatism^ Embrocation for, and for Lumbago or Strains.— 



254 Appendix to Medical Department. 

Spirits of turpentine, % <^^- ? strongest camphorated spirit, % oz.; 1 
raw eofg; best vineg-ar, ^ pt. Well mix the whole, and keep it closely 
corked. To be rubbed in three or four times a day. For rheumatisin 
in the head, or face-ache, rub all over the back of the head and neck, 
as well as the part which is the immediate seat of pain. 

Rheumatism, Embrocation for. — Olive oil, 2 ozs.; water of am- 
monia, 2 drs. ; oil of rosemary, 10 drops; oil of cloves, 5 drops. Mix, 
and keep tij^htly corked. 

Rheumatic Decoction, — Virginian snake root, 1 dr. ; sarsaparilla 
in powder, 6 drs. ; burdock seed, 2 drs. ; poke root, 2 drs.; wine-pine 
bark, 2 drs. ; cayenne pepper, 3^ dr. Powder them, and add 3 qts. of 
water. Boil down to 2 qts. A cup two or three times a day. It is 
most valuable in chronic rheumatism. 

Rheumatic Drops. — Extract of sarsaparilla, 2 drs.; gum camphor, 
J^dr. ; laudanum, 1 scr.; spirit of wine, 1 oz. Mix, and macerate 24 
hours. Take from 20 to 50 drops three times a day. 

Rheumatic Gout, Draug-lit for. — Camphorated mixture, 7 drs.; 
infusion of rhubarb, 5 drs ; tincture of henbane, 3^ dr.; sub-carbonate 
of potass, 10 grs. Mix for a draught; take two or three times a day, 
particularly tiie last thing at night. It is a most excellent remedy. 

Rheumatic Liniment. — Take sassafras oil, 2 ozs. ; tincture of 
prickly ash, 1 oz. ; tincture of cayenne, 1 oz.; hemlock oil, 1 oz. Mix, 
and rub well in. A few applications will relieve, if not cure. 

Another. — Tincture of cayenne, oil of turpentine, olive oil, hem- 
lock oil, gum camphor, sassafras oil, tincture of prickly ash, of each, 
1 oz. ; powdered capsicum, or cayenne, 1 oz. ; spirit of wine, 2 qts.; 
vinegar, 1 qt. ; ammonia, 1 qt.; add 2 ozs. of gum camphoi'. Mix; put 
in a vessel, and stir occasionally till mixed and dissolved. 

This is a magic liniment, soon giving ease in rheumatic pains, gout, 
neuralgia, sprains, etc., etc. It is worth much gold, it seldom or 
never fails. 

Rheumatic Liquid. — Sarsaparilla, powdered, 2 ozs.; cayenne pep- 
per, 1 oz.; gum myrrh, Yi oz. ; brandy, or Hollands gin, 2 qts. Let it 
stand a few days. A tea-spoon in tea, or water sweetened. This is 
excellent for rheumatism, gout, etc. 

Rheumatic Liquid, for External Application. — See "Rheumat- 
ism, Embrocation for.'' Or, "Eheumatic Liniment.'' Or, "Rheu- 
matic Pains, in the Bones and Joints." 

Rlieumatic Mixture. — Saltpetre, sulphur, powdered mustard, 
Turkey rhubarb, sarsaparilla powder, of each, '^ oz ; powdered gum 
guiacimi, 34 ^'^- Mix. Take a tea-spoon every other night for three 
nights; then omit three nights; in a wine-glass of cold water. 

Rlieumatic Pains, in the Bonrs and ^oiiits. — Take opodeldoc, 1 
oz. ; tincture of cantharides, 3 drs.; spirits of sal-ammoniac, 3 drs.; 
rectified oil of amber, 3 drs. This foi-ms a liniment, wherewith fre- 
quently to rub the painful part. Wrap up in tine, soft flannel, and 
keep warm. 

Or, take friar's balsam and tincture of myrrh, of each, t oz. ; spir- 
its of turpentine, 2 ozs. ; and good old strong ale dregs, 3 ozs. ; mix all 
of them well toge'her, and bathe the afflicted part with the same. 

Or, take a raw egg well beaten; brandy, 3^ pt.; turpentine, V/^ 
ozs.; spirits of wine, 3^ oz. ; camphor, 1 oz. ; salt, 1 table-spoon. Put 
them into a wine bottle, and shake well. This liniment is to be well 
rubbed on the affected parts three or four times a day. It has often 
effected a cure in a few days. 

Rheumatic Pill. — Gum guiacum, 3^ dr.; compound powder of 



Appendix to Medical Department., 255 

ipecacuanha, % dr.; confection of opium, 10 grs. ; mix, and divide 
into 20 pills. Take two on going to bed. 

Bheiimatic Powder. — Ipecacuanha powder, and purified opium, 
of each, 1 part; sulphate of potass, 8 parts; triturate them together to 
a fine powder. Be very careful to reduce the opium, and intimately 
mix with the rest. This powder is recommended by Dr. Dover as an 
effectual remedy for rheumatism. The dose is from two to five grains, 
repeated. Avoid much drinking after taking it, or it might act as an 
emetic. 

Col. Birch's Recipe for Rheumatic Gout or Acute Rheuinatism, 
commonly called the ** Chelsea Pensioner.''— Half an ounce of nitre 
(saltpetre), }^ an oz. of sulphur, 3^ an oz. of flour of mustard, J^ an 
oz. of Turkey rhubarb, 3^ oz. of powdered gum guaiacum. Mix : a 
tea-spoon to be taken every other night for three nights, and omit 
three nights, in a wine-glass of cold water — water which has been 
well boiled. 

RING WORMS.— Dissolve borax in water, and apply till it pro- 
duces redness, and a painful sensation. Discontinue a day or two, 
and ultimately it will effect a cure. 

Biu^ Worm. — Wash the head with soft soap every morning, and 
apply this lotion every night : One drachm of subcarbonate of soda, 
dissolved in half a pint of vinegar. 

Rin^ Worms.— Apply rotten apples, or pounded garlic. Or, rub 
them with the juice of house-leek. Or, wash them with Hungary- 
water camphorated. Or, twice a day witli oil of sweet almonds and 
oil of tartar mixed. — Wesley. 

Ring Worms.— To 1 part of sulphuric acid, add 16 to 20 parts of 
water. Use a brush or feather, and apply it to the parts night and 
morning. A few dressings will generally cure. If the solution is 
too strong, dilute it with more water; and if the irritation is excessive, 
rub on a little oil or other softening application ; but always avoid 
soap. 

Dr. Chapelle adopts the following plan : The hairs are to be cut 
short, the creamy fluid let out of the pustules, and the crusts removed by 
linseed poultices. The denuded surface is then to be covered with a thin 
layer of oil of naphtha, over which a flannel compress is to be placed, 
the whole being secured by an oil silk cap. The application is to be 
renewed twice a day; first well washing the parts with soap and 
water; the surface of the scalp is to be carefully searched, in order to 
detect any small favose pustules that may have appeared. These must 
be pricked with a pin, the matter removed, and the surface covered 
with the oil. This evolution of pustules is successive, so that the hair 
must be kept short in the vicinity, that their advent may be watched. 
This application secures the rapid abortion of the pustules; but when 
the scalp is too tender to bear it, it should be mixed with other less 
iiTitating oils, of which empyrheumatic oil of juniper is one of the 
best. 

SHINGLES.— Called lierpes, tetters, salt rheum, etc. It is a disease 
of the skin ; an inveterate eruption on different parts of the body, 
usually the hands, and sometimes it appears in distinct clusters around 
or near the waist, surrounding one-half of the trunk of the body, like 
a belt, generally towards the right side. It is a species of ring worm 
or tetter. 

The eruptions or vesicles which appear break and discharge a 
thin corrosive fluid which causes much irritation or itching. 

Treatment.— Keep the body open by the black draught, and 



256 Appendix to Medical Department, 

eeidlitz powder; administer tonics in the decoction of sarsaparilla. 
Give also a vapor bath of bitter decoction, and afterwards rub the 
body with the stimulating liniment. If tiiere is much fever, give five 
grains of the carbonate and nitrate of potash two or three times a 
day. Celandine ointment is very good; when the itching is very 
troublesome, apply it to the affected parts. 

Dr. Beach recommends a wash to be made of celandine and whis- 
ky; infuse a table-spoon of the former in the latter; wash often, and 
then apply the brown ointment. Should the vesicles form or run into 
a bone, apply a poultice of slippery elm, and a little cream. The 
tincture of blood-root, and tincture of myrrh, make a g<>od wash. 
Apply, as before, the brown ointment. The tepid water cloth is a 
good application to allay itching. The warm baths should often be 
taken. 

SORE THROAT.— The old nurse's remedy is good, "Put your 
stocking round your neck going to bed." But I have found a piece of 
new flannel quite as beneficial, if put warm round the neck. The fol- 
lowing gargle is useful either for ulcerated or common sore throat. 
Make a strong solution of alum to every half pint of which add two 
table-spoons of port wine; gargle the throat several times a day. In 
ulcerated sore throats, it is safest to have the ulcers touched with 
caustic immediately on their appearance. Or, gargle with a mixture 
of yeast and milk, and take a wine glass of good yeast once or twice a 
day. Sage and vinegar are generally recommended for a gargle. It is 
best to add a little salt, and from 15 to 30 drops of laudanum. Or, 
apply a cold water cloth, wrung out, to the throat, covered with a 
dry flannel. 

In the first stages of the disease, a mild emetic will be useful. In 
bed apply to the throat a bag of hops saturated with hot vinegar and a 
little salt, or camomile flowers moistened with hot vinegar, and 20 or 
30 drops of laudanum. The remedies under " Quinsy '' are appropriate 
here. Apply to the feet and sides hot bricks covered with vinegar 
cloths. If constipated, take an aperient, and afterwards the Composi- 
tion Powder. 

Sore Throat. — Five spoons of the S3'^rup of elderberry; mix with 
one spoon of honey, and as mucli powdered sal prunella as will lie on 
a shilling. Take a tea-spoon frequently. 

SORREL— To Stew. — Wash the sorrel, and put it into a silver 
vessel, or stone jar, with no more water than hangs to the leaves. 
Simmer it as slow as you can, and when done enough, put a bit of 
butter in, and beat it well. 

SHORTNESS OF BREATH.— Take of vitriolated spirits of ether, 
I oz., and of camphor, 12 grs. Make a solution, of which take a tea- 
spoon during the paroxysm. This is usually found to afford instan- 
taneous relief in difticult breathing, depending on internal disease,and 
other causes, where the patient, from a quick and very laborious 
breathing, is obliged to be in an erect posture. 

Or, take ^ oz. of powder of elecampane root, 3^ oz. of powder of 
licorice, as much flour of brimstone and powder of anise-seed, and 2 
ozs. of sugar-candy powdered. Make all into pills, with a sufficient 
quantity of tar; take four large pills when going to rest. This is an 
incomparable medicine for an asthma. 

SPASMS. — Oil of red lavender,! part; sal-volatile, Ipart; oil of 
peppermint, 2 parts. Mix, and take 10 or 12 drops in half a wine glass 
of lukewarm or cold water. If the first dose is not efficacious, repeat. 

Spasms — Certain Cure for, — Take three pennyworth of balsam of 



Appendix to Medical Department. 257 

sulphur, and the same quantity of the oil of anise-seed; put these to- 
gether, and let them stand in a warm place for 24 hours. Then take 
two pennyworth of the spirits of wine, and two pennywortli of the 
spirits of turpentine; put these together, and lettliem stand as above; 
then mix the whole well together. Take 7 or 8 drops on a piece of 
loaf sugar, when the pain is on; it will give instant relief. 

STAMMERINGr— Dr. Turner says is caused by attempts to speak 
with empty lungs. In singing the lungs are kept well inflated, and 
there is no stuttering. The method of cure is to require the patient to 
keep his lungs well tilled; to draw frequent and long breaths, to speak 
loudly, and to pause on the instant of finding embarrassment in his 
speech. Taking a long inspiration before he goes on again. I cured 
one of the worst cases I ever knew on this principle. 

Stammering. — Frequently read aloud with the teeth closed, and 
tap with the linger at every syllable pronounced. 

STITCH — In the Side. — Apply molasses spread on brown paper. 

SPERMATORRIKEA.— A discharge of seminal fluid, commonly 
called seminal weakness or debility. It is only of late years that the 
true nature of this disease has been properly understood, many of the 
most serious cases having been regarded as and treated tov gonorrhoeae 
which, though indeed the proper name of the disease, is a term now 
confined to an unhealthy discharge from the lining membrane of the 
urethra^ a discharge which, when long standing and chronic, becomes 
a gleet, and is always the result of infection. Spermatorrhoea, on the 
contrary, proceeds from an injury inflicted on the organs of reproduc- 
tion, and consists of a discharge from the spermatic and seminal vessels, 
and may be entirely, and in many cases is, completely irrespective of 
all venereal taint. 

Spermatorrhoea is a disease that could hardly, by any possibility, 
arise in a natural wa^^ ; no organic affection of the part, no amount of 
debility, or complication of accident or disease, indeed, could produce 
what is called seminal emissions, did not the patient, by incontinence 
or vice, provoke the cause, and engender the disease himself. Many 
men are so inordinate in their passions, that in time they amount to a 
mental disease, such as we have already characterized under the name 
of satyriasis^ an intemperance which, if given way to, so debilitates 
their bodies and paralyses the seminal organs, that whether unduly 
excited or in a state of temporary rest, they are kept in a condition of 
constant irritation and involuntary excitation; thus, whether sleeping 
or waking, often from the most trivial contact, indeed from the mere 
force of the imagination alone, those debilitating emissions, which con- 
stitute the most important feature of this disease, are repeatedly taking 
place. But though incontinence in youth is often the cause of sperma- 
torrhoea, the disorganization of the spermatic system, and the ruin of 
connubial happiness, it is unfortunately to the vice of self-pollution, 
• that moral offense known as onaism, that we must in general attribute 
that moral prostration and physical incapacity now so wide spread 
among the youth of the present generation, and of which the disease 
we are at present considering is only one of the lamentable evidences. 

We had intended to devote a space of this work to the injury in- 
flicted on the reproductive organs by the inconsiderate folly of youth, 
but for reasons which will be readily understood by all who remember 
the strictly domestic nature of this work, we have deemed it best to 
embody the pith of what we might have said on such a subject in this 
place, as being more pertinent to the theme, and at the same time 
keeping the pages of the Rocipe Book generally free from what, to 



258 Appendix to Medical Deparftnent. 

many, might be thought objectionable matter. Of the moral unhap- 
piness and physical misery resulting from the vice of self-abuse, few 
think at :ill, or, if they do, regard what they hear as bugbears, or evils 
only problematical when compared to present enjoyment. As a few 
practical truths will go farther in illustrating our point, and showing 
the evils we have alluded to, than a page of wholesome counsel, we 
beg tliose of our readers who may consult this article to remember 
that every emission unnaturally produced consumes between 6 and 8 
ounces of blood, or, in other words, that that amount of arterial blood 
is required to eliminate the seminal fluid lost at one emission. If it is 
further remembered that there are only 30 pints — old measure — of 
blood in the adult body, and that the amount of chyle, or new blood, 
does not exceed twelve ounces a da,y, it will be easily understood, on 
the commonest principles of arithmetic, how fatal to the stamina of 
the body must be two, three, or more such emissions in the day. So 
great is the reproducing power in youth up to a certain age, that this 
drain may be borne with apparent impunity for sometime, but sooner 
or later it is certain to show its influence on the system; for it is an 
established fact, that no law ofnMure can he abused without entailing a 
fearful penalty . In this case it is emaciation, weakness, loss of appetite, 
dimness of sight, pains in the back and head, hot and feverish sleep, 
disturbing dreams, loss of memory, and too often a total prostration 
of the mental and physical powers. To render this subject, and what 
we have yet to say upon it, more intelligible, the following abstract of 
the physiology of the organs in question will be found both interesting 
and useful: The spermatic cord brings from the aorta a stream of 
arterial blood to the oi-gan inclosed in the scrotum, and known as the 
testicle; or rather, when the cord reaches the bag of the scrotum, it 
instantly diminishes in calibre, and becomes as thin as the finest thread, 
and of several hundred yards in length. For the closer and more con- 
venient disposal of this immense length of vessel, nature has wound it 
up like a ball of cotton, in which shape, under the name of testicle, it 
hangs at the end of the spermatic cord; from the opposite end of this 
ball or testis a vessel rises, G3i\\Q([t\\Qvas deferens, which, running under 
the bladder, receives a duct from a small gland, the vesicula seminalis, 
and then entering the prostrate gland, is joined by its fellow of the 
opposite side, when it receives the name otejactatory duct, which finally 
terminates in the bulb of the urethra. The blood brought by the 
spermatic cord to the testicle is in that organ converted into seminal 
fluid, and carried b.y the vas deferens to the urethra, receiving on the 
way a vitalizing fluid from the seminal gland; it will now be under- 
stood, that as the excitement is given, W\e semen passes at once along 
the vas deferens, and into the ejactatory duct, which propels it into the 
urethra at the proper moment. The physical consequence of the abuse 
of these organs is, after a time, a total deterioation of the seminal 
flui;l, which, instead of the proper consistency, becomes thin and watery; 
the vitality, on which all ils potency depends, appears entirely gone, 
for it has no longer the power to produce a nntural erection, and, as a 
germinating fluid, is absolutely sterile. Though, unable, however, to 
perform their healthy secretion, the spermatic organs, under the stim- 
ulus of a constant and irritating excitement, form a thin, watery secre- 
tion, which either runs away from the urethra like a gleet, or is dis- 
charged by involuntary emissions. The scrotum, instead of being 
rough, firm, and contracted, and the testicle within feeling hard, and 
compact, 13 flabby, relaxed and pendulous, aiid often thrice its natural 
length; while the spermatic cord, greatly attenuated, is terminated At 



X Appendix to Medical Department 259 

the bottom of the lengthened scrotum by a soft, oblong mass, that we 
can only believe to be the testicle by its relative situation. The moral 
consequences of this diseased state are often more distressing than the 
physical; the mind, too, sooner or later, becomes affected, a trembling 
palsy keeps the head and hands in constant tremor, w^hile a tenacious 
saliva, in severe cases, drivels from the moutli ; and should the patient 
think by marriage to effect a physical cure, and break tlirough an evil 
habit, the experiment is certain to end in misfortune and unhappiness; 
nervous anxiety will render all intercourse a failure, thereby embitter- 
ing not only his own life, but that of another, for in such a case there 
can be neither sorrow nor pity, but only contempt. As we have said 
enough on this subject to lead any one capable of reflection to con- 
template the fatuity of mind, bodily prostration, and life of misery that 
must follow a continuance of such practices as those which have in- 
duced such a train of consequences, we shall now proceed to show by 
what TREATMENT Spermatorrhoea, and the impotency which sooner or 
later follows it, may be cured. In the tirst place it is a sine qua non 
that the patient should abstain from all the habits and practices which 
have brought on the disease, and instead of daily robbing his body of 
large quantities of blood, he should endeavor, by an altered life, to 
add to the quantity and quality of that vital fluid. In the directions 
given for food and exercise,the patient should be punctual and regular, 
as the cure depends as much on the observance of the following rules 
as on the medicines to be taken : First, then, the putient should go to 
bed at 10 o'clock, and be careful to put no more clothes on the bed 
than are actually necessary; he should rise at seven in the morning, 
and the instant he wakes get out of bed, and having over night prepared 
a hip bath of cold salt water, seat himself in it, using a towel or a 
flesh brush to rub the water well into his hips, back, and thighs; after 
five minutes so spent, he must rub himself thoroughly dry with a rough 
towel, then dress, and proceed to take an hour's brisk walk. Those 
who cannot obtain a bath should use a sponge and cold vinegar and 
water, or salt and water. The breakfast should be taken at eight 
o'clock, the dinner at one, tea at six, and supper at nine o'clock; and 
to insure sleep on going to bed, prevent dreams, and the hectic flushes 
and irritating desires which at first may arise, he should take 20 drops 
of laudanum, or 30 drops of the liquor of of the acetate of morphia, 
half an hour before going to bed. After the first few weeks, and 
when the system begins to feel the benefit of the altered treatment, 
the sedative may be easily broken oft' by reducing the quantity taken 
by two or three drops every night. Once a week the patient should 
take a shower bath in the evening, in addition to the daily hip bath or 
sponging. The mind is to be kept constantly employed, either by some 
mechanical employment or by reading, care being taken that the 
matter read shall be of a healthy and moral tone; the patient must 
also avoid heated rooms, theatres, all places of amusement, and, as far 
as possible, female society, and never allow his hands or his mind to 
be unemployed. Exercise by walking, rowing, or the dumb-bells, 
according to the strength of the patient, should be adopted between 
each meal as far as possible. The diet must be light but nutritious, 
with a due proportion of animal and vegetable food at every dinner; 
wine and spirits should be strictly excluded, except in cases of great 
debility, but stout may be advantageously taken at least twice a day; 
those who can neither take stout nor porter may substitute copious 
draughts of new milk for their beverage. The bowels are to be kept 
open by an occasional compound colocynth pill, or a dose of castor 



26o Appendix to Medical Department. 

oil, but ofily occasionally. In severe cases, the lower portion of the 
spine should be well rubbed with a stimulating; liniment,and one of Pul- 
vermacher's electro-o;alvanic belts worn for an hourar two daily round 
the hips, and under each testicle. The internal remedies are almost 
secondary to those means just enumerated; but where the appetite is 
faulty, the following powder should be taken till the stomach is able 
to accept and digest the food given to it: 

Take of dried carbonate of potass, 1 dr. ; powdered ginger, 36 grs. ; 
powdered Colombo, 48 grs.; powdered rhubarb, 24 grs. Mix, and- 
divide into 12 powders. One to be taken, in a little water, an hour 
before breakfast, dinner, and tea. When the stomach has been brought 
back to its healthy function by the powders, or before, if the digestion 
is good, the following are to be given, each for three days consecutively. 

No. 1. Take of Colombo root. 1 dr. ; cascarilla, 1 dr. ; bruise, and 
infuse in boiling water, 10 ozs. ; strain when cold, and add quinine, 1 
dr. ; diluted sulphuric acid, 50 drops. Mix, one table-spoon to be 
taken every six hours. 

No. 2. Take of quassia raspings, 1 dr. ; orange peel, 3 drs ; infuse 
in boiling water, 10 ozs. ; strain, and add tincture of the muriate of 
iron, 2 drs. Mix. A table-spoon every six hours. 

No. 3. Take of precipitated carbonate of iron,2 drs.; carbonate of 
soda, 1 dr. ; ginger powder, 1 scr. Mix, and divide into 12 powders. 
One to be taken every six hours. 

In concluding this subject we would beg all of our readers who 
consult this article to banish the idea that there is any balsam, whether 
of Gilead or of Mecca, that posseses any power that can afford the 
slightest benefit in such cases as those of which we have just treated; 
and at the same time we feel it our duty to warn all to shun the meshes 
of that host of empirics who profess to cure this disease by their Syrian 
nostrums and boasted remedies; medicines which, in most cases, are 
as inoperative for good as they are mendacious in principle. A moral 
reformation, wholesome food, and a system of ablution, exercise, and 
external remedies, are the only practical means tliat can j)0ssibly in- 
fluence the character or elfect a cure in this disease. 

St. VITUS'S DANCE. — This is a convulsive disease, principally 
attacking children from 10 to 16 years of age. It is indicated by a 
twitching and convulsive action of the muscles of the body, and by 
lameness or unsteadiness of one of the legs, which the patient draws 
after him like an idiot. Then it affects the hand on the same side ; so 
that if a glass of liquor be p)ut into his Jiand to drink, before he can 
get it to his mouth, he uses a great number of odd gestures, on account 
of the hand being drawn different ways by the convulsive action of 
the muscles, so that he cannot carry it in a straight line. The will of 
the patient seems often to jield to these convulsive motions as to a 
propensity. After continuing some weeks, the intellectual operations 
of the brain are weakened. Females are most subject to this disease. 

This disease arises from an increased irritability of the nervous 
system, which is often produced by some derangement of the stomach, 
bowels, and nerves; sometimes by worms, violent passions, fright, or 
violent mental emotions, etc. In females it probably arises from the 
same causes which produce hysterics. 

Treatment. — The irritation of the cerebral system (brain and 
nerves) being generally symptomatic of a disordered state of the diges- 
tive organs, or kept up by irritation in the stomach or bowels, the cure 
must be commenced by a purgative. Do not allow the bowels to be 
constipated. If the stomach is deranged, give an emetic. (See 



. — Appendix to Medical Department 261 

" Emetic") This will evacuate and cleanse the stomach, give it 
tone, and benefit the nervous system. Repeat, if necessary. The diet 
must be very plain. The vapor bath of bitter decoction is of immense 
service. Rub the body frequently with the Stimulating Liniment. 
When symptoms of improvement are manifest, give Peruvian bark in 
port wine, adding water if too strong; or give the Restorative Wine 
Bitters, adding a 3^ oz. of the red oxide of iron. Give the aperients 
now and then, especially the Dyspeptic Pill. The subcarbonate of 
iron, 2 drs. for a dose, is a most valuable remedy. It may be given in 
a little syrup, beer, or porter. 

Dr. Reese says, " When the symptoms are abated, cold bathing 
every morning, if it does not alarm the mind, will prove of great ad- 
vantage ; and with the use of the muriated tincture of steel, in the dose 
of 10 or 15 drops, in a glass of cold valerian and camomile tea, will 
probably complete the cure ; if the patient have not sufficient resolu- 
tion to go into the cold bath, cold water may be applied every morn- 
ing to the head; the diet should be regulated according to the strength 
of the patient; if plethoric, a low diet should be observed, and wine 
and stimulants avoided. On the contrary, if the body be much debil- 
itated a nutritious diet should be employed, but even in this case wine 
should be allowed with great caution. 

SMALL POX. — This dreadful disease is very infectious, attended 
with inflammatory fever, assuming sometimes a typhoid character, at- 
tended with nausea and vomiting, and upon the pressure of the 
stomach, with much pain. The constitution that has been once really 
under its influence is rarely liable to a second attack. When the pus- 
tules are separate from each other, it is termed distinct; and when 
they run together, it is denominated confluent. 

The first symptoms are shivering pains in the head, back and loins, 
redness of the eyes, fever, thirst, nausea, loss of appetite; and in some 
cases, a few hours before the eruption, children are afiected with con- 
vulsions. The eruption appears about ihQ fourth day of the fever^ first 
on the face, and afterwards on the neck, breast, and body. The pus- 
tules gradually enlarge, and proceed to maturation which is complete 
about the eleventh day after their first appearance, when the inflam- 
mation and swelling abate, the eruption beginning to dry and scale off, 
and about the fifteenth day it entirely disappears. The confluent sort 
is attended with more violent symptoms than the distinct, but observes 
the same period of termination. Dr. Beach says, " The effluva is very 
offensive; and I have seen worms, or maggots crawling in the flesh; 
and yet the patient has recovered." This disease generally terminates 
favorably under judicious treatment, unless the subject of it is intem- 
perate, in which case it proves very dangerous, or fatal 

Treatment. — The great object is to assist nature to expel the 
morbific or poisonous matter from the system. If the patient has much 
vomiting, give 10 or 12 grains of bicarbonate of potash in balm tea 
twice or thrice a day. The bowels must be opened by gentle aperients, 
attention must be given to the skin, and medicine given to produce a 
gentle determination to the surface. Take an infusion of saftron and 
catnip, or balm and hj^ssop, with 10 drops of elixir of vitriol; this will 
aid nature to drive out the eruption, by producing a moisture of the 
skin. It should be repeated several times. Bathe the feet twice a day 
in warm lye water, and wash the body with the same liquid warm; do 
not neglect this if the fever is high. If there is pain in the head apply 
a mustard poultice to the soles of the feet in addition to bathing the 
feet and legs in warm water. Apply to the head cloths dipped in vin- 



262 Appendix to Medical Department. 

egar and water, or whisky and warm water. Let the room of the 
patient be well ventilated, and often sprinkle it with vinegar and water; 
do not cover him up close. Give warm diluents, as balm, spearmint, 
pennyroyal, catnip, etc. ; an}'- of these will do. If the throat be sore, 
administer remedies under " Sore Throat." Sage tea, a little vinegar, 
and a little borax, form a good gargle. The expectorant tincture is 
ver}^ useful. 

If the debility is great, and the strength gradually sinking, give 
tonics, as quinine dissolved in elixir of vitriol ; 10 or 12 drops in balm 
tea three or four times a day. If there is considerable irritation, give 
8 or 10 drops of laudanum in the "Saline Draught," which see. Or, 
give 5 to 10 grains of the " Diaphoretic Powder." Sudoritics are also 
very serviceable, especially when the pustules are flabby, and not well 
filled. 

If the symptoms become unfavorable, as the striking in of the 
eruption, great fever, and delirium, black tongue, etc., the danger is 
very great. In such case, give immediately the vapor bath of bitter 
decoction, and an emetic; tlien give a decoction of saffron and Virginia 
snakeroot with a tea-spoon or two of sweet spirits of nitre. Give also 
the Sudorific Powder, and at intervals the Seidlitz Powder. Sponge 
the surface of the body with warm water. If there is any tendency to 
putrescency in the fluids, give a wineglass of yeast several times ada5^ 

Dr. Anthony Thomj^son says, "The sulphuric acid combined with 
wine is the only remedy on which we can rely in the confluent small 
pox, when the pustules are filled with a bloody sanies, and the urine is 
colored by broken down particles of blood." 

Camphor is valuable in this disease. 

To prevent the pustules from affecting the ej'^es, cold water cloths 
should be continually applied. 

While the fever continues high, the diet should be mild and rather 
spare, as barley gruel, sago gruel, beef tea without salt. 

When the pustules begin to maturate, the patient may be permit- 
ted gradually to take to his usual diet; and if the crop be considerable, 
and the strength of the patient much reduced, provided he be free from 
fever, a little port wine, diluted with water, may likewise be allowed 
after dinner 

Small Pox. — The Sarracenia Purpurea^ or Indian Cup, a native 
plant of Nova Scotia, the specific used by the Indians against the small 
pox, bids fair to realize the expectations entertained by medical men 
of its efficacy. In a letter addressed to the American Medical Times^ 
Dr. Frederick W. Morris, president physician of the Halifax Visiting 
Dispensary, states that the Sarracenia^ a papaveraceous plant, will cure 
small pox in all its forms within twelve hours after the patient has 
taken the decoction. *' However alarming and numerous the eruptions," 
he says, "or confluent and frightful they may be, the peculiar action of 
the medicine is such that very seldom is a scar left to tell the story of 
the disease. If either vaccine or variolous matter is washed with the 
infusion of the Sarrace7iia, they are deprived of their contagious prop- 
perties. So mild is the medicine to the taste that it may be mixed with 
tea and coffee, and given to connoisseurs in these beverages to drink 
without being aware of the admixture. The medicine has been suc- 
cessfully tried in the hospitals of Nova Scotia, and its use will be con- 
tinued. " — Qalianani. 

" We are now favored with the following particulars respecting 
this valuable plant. The Sarracenia Purpurea^ or Indian Cup, a native 
plant of Nova Scotia, found in swamps and moss-bogs, has the wonder- 



Appendix to Medical Department 263 

ful reputation among the Mic-Mac Indians of curing small pox; and of 
being as great a specific in this disease as quinine for ague. It is sup- 
posed to act by neutralizing the virus in the blood, rendering it inert 
and harmless; and that this is its action may be gathered from the fact 
that if either vaccine or variolous matter may be washed with tlie in- 
fusion of the Sarracenia, it is deprived of its contagious property. 
Moreover the eruption, even if confluent, on its disappearance, leaves 
no trace behind. The root of the plant is the part employed. Tlie 
dose, when reduced to powder, is about a dessert-spoon, simmered in a 
pint of water down to half a pint; this is usually divided into two 
doses, to be taken during the day. Sugar should not be used with it." 
— Galignani. 

Small Fox— Prevention of Pitting in.— Mr. Startin, the senior 
surgeon in the Gurney Hospital for diseases of the skin, has communi- 
cated to the Medical Turns a very important plan, which he has adopted 
during the last fourteen years, for preventing pitting in small pox, 
and which, he states, has always proved successful. I'he plan consists 
in applying the acetum cantharidis or any vesicating fluid, by means 
of a camel' s-hair brush, to the apex of each spot or jnistule of the dis- 
ease, on all the exposed surface of the body, until blistering is evi- 
denced by the whiteness of the skin in the parts subjected to the appli- 
cation, when the fluid producing it is to be washed off" with water or 
arrow-root gruel. The pain attending the application of the vesicating 
fluid, is very slight and transient. 

Small Pox— To Prevent Pitting* in.— The following has been found 
very effectual: The application consists of a solution of India-rubber 
in chloroform, which is painted with a camel's-hair pencil over the face 
(and neck in women), when the eruption has become fully developed. 
When the chloroform has evaporated, which it very readily does, there 
is left a thin elastic film of India-rubber over the face. This tlie patient 
feels to be rather comfortable, as it removes itching and all irritation ; 
and what is more important, ^'pitting,''' once so cotnmon, is thorougJdy 
prevented by the application. In making the solution, the India-rubber 
must be cut into small pieces^ and chloroform added till it is dissolved. 
Gutta-percha has been tried, but has not answered, on account of its 
non-elasticity. Should any of the solution, from some cause, be torn 
off", apply the solution as before. 

Small Pox— Pitting: in.— Dr. George recommends the use of pre- 
pared calamine, for the exclusion of the atmospheric air. In a very 
severe case, which occurred in my practice, in which the face and throat 
were frightfully swollen, I dressed one-half of it with calamine powder, 
and the other half I pencilled over, using a flat hair pencil, with sweet 
oil and the white of an egg, in equal parts well mixed, three or four 
times a day. No solution of India-rubber or any other substance, 
would have answered the purpose better; and its application was cer- 
tainly attended with more comfort than that of the use of the powder. 
But it is not only the pitting which is prevented by the calamine, but 
the rescuing of the patient from a state of suffering bordering upon 
misery. 

He recommends the foUowins: treatment to the public. Firstly, 
from the commencement of the disease I would cover the whole body' 
face and all, with the calamine, shaken through a common pepperbox,' 
taking care that the powder does not remain in masses. The inflam- 
mation on each pustule is by these applications much lessened, a point 
of great consequence. 

Secondly, sprinkje about 1 ounce of powdered camphor every two 



264 Appendix to Medical Department, 

or three nights between the under sheet and blanket, the whole length 
of the body, puttino^ more about the shoulders and neck. The relief 
obtained by this, few would credit until they had had experience. 

Thirdly, in the advanced stage of the disease, should hardened in- 
crustations have formed, they may be removed, and without much pain 
too; for in one case I removed every portion of the cuticle from the 
whole face, forehead, and even eyelids, applied the calamine, and in a 
few days the cuticle was reformed without a blemish. 

Small Pox — In Sheep. — The medicines which have been used in 
the case of the Allington flock have been very simjile, consisting chiefly 
of the nitrate of potass, dissolved in the water which is placed in the 
troughs until a subsidence of the fever takes place, after which sul- 
phate of iron has been substituted. When diarrhea has come on — as it 
not unfrequently does in the latter stage of the malady, more particu- 
larly if the disease becomes confluent — opium is resorted to as a valu- 
able agetit to arrest the attack, which, if not arrested, speedily becomes 
fatal. 

Cure for the Small Pox. — A correspondent of the Stockton (Cali- 
fornia) Herald speaks as follows concerning the small pox and its 
remedy. 

"I herewith append a recipe which has been used to my knowl- 
edge in hundreds of cases. It will prevent or cure the small pox 
though the pittings are filling. When Jenner discovered cow-pox in 
England, the world of science hurled an avalanche of fame upon his 
head; but when the most scientific school of medicine in the world — 
that of Paris — published this recipe and panacea for small pox, it 
passed unheeded; it is as unfailing as fate and conquers in every in- 
stance. It is harmless when taken by a well person. It will also cure 
scarlet fever. Here is the recipe as I have used it, and cured my 
children of scarlet fever; here it is as I have used it to cure the small 
pox; when learned physicians said the patient must die, it cured: Sul- 
phate of zinc, 1 gr.; fox-glove (digitalis), 1 gr. ; 3^ tea-spoon of sugar; 
mix with two table-spoons of water. When thoroughly 
mixed add four ounces of water. Take a spoon every hour. Either 
disease will disappear in twelve hours. For a child smaller doses, ac- 
cording to age. If counties would compel physicians to use this, there 
would be no need of pest-houses. If you value advice and experience, 
use this for that terrible disease. 

SCRATCHES. — Do not neglect them. Wash them in cold water; 
close them as much as you can, and cover with diachylon plaster. If 
there is inflammation, apply a bread poultice, or one of slippery elm. 

SCROFULA. — The Latins termed this disease scrofula, from scrofa^ 
a hog, because it has been observed in swine. It is called the King's 
Evil, because Edward the Confessor, and other succeeding kings, both 
of England and France, pretended to cure it by the touch. Queen 
Anne, in 1807, by proclamation invited her scrofulous subjects to the 
royal touch. 

The disease is well known, and requires little description. It is 
generally seen in the glands of the neck, in the ligaments of the 
joints, and even in the substance of the bones. The glands of the 
mesentery are often tumefied, and accumulation takes place in the 
substance of the lungs, forming tubei'cles. 

Treatment. — This must depend on the state of the constitution, 
and the structure of the parts aftected, etc. When the lungs are the 
seat of the mischief, it produces pulmonary consumption; when it ex- 
ists in the ligament of a joint, it is called white swelling. The gen- 



Appendix to Medical Department. 265 

eral health should be regarded, and means adopted to establish it. To 
invigorate and strengthen the absorbent system, cold bathing, and the 
sea air has been very beneficial; and the mineral waters have not been 
useless, though they are not a specific. All these means, however, do 
not apply to scrotula in the lungs. Administer the vapor bath of bit- 
ter decoction; give tonics, and an emetic occasionally^; rub the tumors 
freely with the stimulating liniment night and morning; and the bod}' 
with salt and water ever}-- morning. 

If the tumors are much inflamed, apply a poultice of bran and 
slippery elm bark. Linseed meal and slippery elm are very good. 
Apply cold, and renew when dry. The poultice is almost sovereign 
when the tumors burst, if it is mixed with the pulverized bark of the 
root of bayberry, and a little sweet oil. First, cleanse the tumor well 
with soap and water; then applj'' the poultice. The extract of clover 
is very good for this purpose. It is made by boiling down the flower 
in water, and evaporating the liquid. 

Iodine has been highly recommended by many English and 
French physicians, as a specific remedy for scrofula; and, for the very 
favorable results I have witnessed, in a great variety of cases, I uih 
disposed to consider it to possess anti-scrofulous properties. Tlie best 
preparation is the spirituous solution termed the tincture of iodine, 
which may be administered twice a day, in the dose of three to fifteen 
drops, in a wine-glass of a decoction of marshmallow roots, or of 
Peruvian bark, if the patient be in a debilitated stage. 

*' Devonporfs syrup of iodide of quinine and iron is a ternary 
compound of marked eflBcacy, in cases of scrofula, and of bloodless- 
ness (an(Emia). It is borne well by the stomach, and not possessing 
the nauseous qualities of its constituents, is admirably adapted for 
children." — Dr. Graham. 

The scrofulous patient must have a nourishing diet, plenty of ex- 
ercise, and an abundance of fresh, pure air. 

Scrofula, or Kind's Evil. — Take as nmch cream-of -tartar as lies 
on a shilling every morning and evening. Or, drink for six weeks 
half a pint of strong decoction of devil's bit. Or, make a leaf of 
dried burdock into a pint of tea; take half a pint twice a day for four 
months. I have known this to cure hundreds. — Wesley. 

SSCURVY. — This disease arises from a depraved state of the blood, 
which induces general debility, and a corruption of all the fluids. It 
is characterized by extreme diminution of vitality, such as a very pale 
and bloated complexion, spongy gums, livid spots on the skin, offensive 
breath, swelling of the legs, foul ulcers, feti-d urine, weakness, etc. 

This disease arises from the want of fresh provisions, and a due 
quantity of vegetables; probably assisted by the prevalency of cold 
and moisture, and also such other causes as depress the nervous energ}-, 
as indolence, confinement, neglect of cleanliness, much labor and 
fatigue, sadness, despondency, etc. A preternatural saline state of the 
fluids is assigned by Dr. Cullen as its proximate cause. The re;tt^on 
that salted meat is so productive of scurvy is, because it is drained of 
its nutritious juices, which run oft' in brine, its fibres being at the 
same time hardened, and rendered more difllcult of digestion. 

Treatment. — Abstain from salt as much as possible. A diet of 
fresh vegetables, and a beverage strongly impi-egnated with the juice 
of lemons, oranges, and the sub-acid fruits, are more efficacious in the 
cure of this disease than the most powerful anti-scorbutic medicines. 
The essences of malt and spruce have likewise been found of great 
service, probably from ihe quantity of fixed air they contain. When 
I 2 



266 Appendix to Medical D,epartment. 

lemon or orange-juice cannot be obtained, nitre dissolved in vinegar, 
in the proportion of 1 oz. of tlie former to 1 qt. of the latter, has been 
found to atford the best substitute; water acidulated with the nitric 
acid, is, perhaps, not less efficacious; from 1 to 2 ozs. or more of the 
former may be given three or four times in the course of the day; and 
of tlie latter, a quantity containing about 15 or 20 drops of the nitric 
acid may be taken every five or six hours. The vitriolic acid, the 
Peruvian bark, and the red sulphate of iron, are likewise very valu- 
able remedies in the far advanced stage of this disease. 

The vapor bath of bitter decoction is very appropriate. A decoc- 
tion of sassafras and sarsaparilla is very useful — to be taken freely; 
add the juice of lemon. Steam affected parts with a decoction of bitter 
herbs. Let the diet be vegetable, consisting chiefly of milk. Emetics 
are sometimes necessary; tonics always. 

Scurvy. — Take 2 ozs. each of field daisies and dandelion roots. 
Boil in 3 qts. of water down to 1 qt. Take a tea-cup night and 
morning. 

Scurvy. — John Wesley says : " Live on turnips for a month. Or, 
take tar-water, morning and evening, for three months. Or, 3 spoons 
of nettle-juice every morning. Or, decoction of burdock; boil 3 ozs. 
of the dried root in 2 qts. of water to 3 pts. ; take 3^ pt. daily; a de- 
coction of the leaves (boiling 1 leaf 4 minutes in 1 qt. of water), has 
the same effect. Or, take a cup of the juice of goose grass in a morn- 
ing, fasting, for a month ; it is frequently called harift*, or cleavers; 
I iiave known many persons cured by it. Or, pound into a pulp, of 
Seville oranges, sliced, rind and all, and powder sugar, equal quanti- 
ties; take a tea-spoon three or four times a day. Or, squeeze the juice 
of half a Seville orange into a pint of milk over the fire; sweeten the 
whey with loaf sugar, and drink it every morning new milk warm; 
to make any whey, milk should be skimmed after it is boiled. Or, 
pour 3 qts. of boiling water on 1 qt. of ground malt; stir them well, 
and let the mixture stand close covered for four hours; strain it off, 
and use this as common drink ; in hot weather brew this fresh every 
day; it will hardly fail. Or, take morning and evening a spoon or 
two of lemon juice and sugar; it is a precious remedy, and well tried. 
Water and garden cresses, mustard, and juice of scurvy grass help in 
a cold scurvy. When there is a continual salt taste in the mouth, take 
a pint of lime-water morning and evening." 

Scurvy in the Gruuis. — Make a strong infusion of sage, and dis- 
solve in it a little alum. By means of a cloth apply it to the gums. 
Burnt alum, mixed with honey, and the juice of celandine, is very 
good for scorbutic gums, and it whitens the teeth. 

STONE. — Stone is an accumulation of particles of gravel which 
unite and form a hard mass, or stone; and they enlarge by successive 
layers of gravel until they become very large and difficult to remove. 

The symptoms are itching at the extremity of the glans of the 
penis, an increased desire to make water, with more or less pain in 
making it; even when the bladder is emptied, the pain continues; 
sometimes there is difficulty in retaining the water ; and at other times 
the flow of it is liable to stop suddenly. The irritation caused by the 
presence of a stone often produces remote symptoms, as pain. in the 
back and lower limbs. 

Treatment.— Give diuretic medicines. (See " Gravel/') Drink 
strong pennyroyal tea; or a decoction of burdock, dandelion, white 
carrot, and parsley roots. Drink half a cup several times a day. 
Flannels dipped in' the stimulating liniment, combined with tincture 



Appendix to Medical D9partment. 267 

of cayenne, with 30 drops of laudanum, may be applied externally to 
the region of pain. It is said that a gill of red onion juice and a pint 
of horsemint tea, drank morning and evening, but not together, will 
cause a change, and probably dissolve the stone. The following pills 
may be taken with great benefit : Parsley seeds, powdered, ^ oz. ; 
Castile soap, 1 oz. ; oil of juniper, 30 drops; solidified copaiba, 1 oz. 
Form into pills. Take two per day. Drink at the same time a solu- 
tion of saleratus. 

Many persons have been benefited by a decoction of the wild 
carrot. Injections, and the vapor bath, are very useful. When the 
patient finds it difiicult to make water, let him lie on his back for a 
while, by which the stone may be thrown to the posterior part of the 
body, and enable him to make water by turning on one or the other 
side. The diuretic pills should be taken frequently. 

Dr. Morris, of Canada, has found that an injection of castor oil, 
has great effect in relieving sufferings caused by a stone in the blad- 
der, and as the pain and irritation from this cause are often very great, 
we recommend it to the notice of those laboring under the affliction. 
Dr. Morris, being afflicted with the stone, tried the experiment on his 
own person. 

" 1 first rid myself of the contents of my bladder; then with a 
large syringe I injected through a small leaden tube, reaching to the 
sphincter, 2 ozs. of cold drawn castor oil, and I cannot expiess m}' 
feelings caused by the change which took place upon its introduction, 
for it seemed as if a new lower half had been given me. The relief 
continuing, I went to bed, and can safely say, that I had not known, 
for some time previous, the pleasure of a sound and uninterrupted 
sleep. Latterly I never awoke without a wish to make water, and the 
morning following was the first exception to it. When I did obey the 
call, I took care, finding that the oil came last, to leave as much within 
the bladder as I could." 

After this the bladder was constantly supplied with 2 or 3 ozs. of 
castor oil, and under this treatment every symptom of irritation van- 
ished, and during two months no one symptom reappeared to remind 
him of the existence of the calculous concretion. 

Stone. — Beat onions into a pulp and apply them as a poultice to 
the back, or to the groin. It gives speedy ease in the most racking 
pain. Or, take morning and evening a tea-spoon of onions, calcined 
in a fire shovel into white ashes, in sherry wine. An ounce will often 
dissolve the stone. Or, drink largely of water impregnated with fixed 
air. Those who have not a convenient apparatus, may substitute the 
following method : Dissolve 16 grs. of salt of tartar in 6 spoons of 
water, to which add as much water acidulated with oil of vitriol as 
will neutralize the salt. They are to be gradually mixed with each 
other, so as to prevent the effervescence or dissipation of the fixed air 
as much as possible. Or, boil an ounce of common thistle-root, and 
4 drs. of licorice in a pint of water. Drink of it every morning. Or, 
take a decoction, or juice, or syrup of ground ivy, morning and even- 
ing. — Wesley. 

GALL-STONES.— The gall-bladder is very liable to have a num- 
ber of calculi formed in its cavity, from the salts in the secretion 
itself. These calculi, or gall-stones, are of many sizes and shapes; 
the majority, however, are about the size of a pea; others, again, are 
as large as a nut, or filbert, and sometimes they are found as large as 
a walnut. 

In many cases these biliary formations never quit the bladder in 



268 Appendix to Medical Department, 

which they are formed; or if they do, when very small, pass along 
the duct without the person beinw" conscious of their transit. When, 
however, a large one, with jagged or rough edges, gets past the neck 
of the bladder, and into the duct, it must proceed, and in doing so 
causes the patient the most acute and distressing pain — a pain that, in 
the first instance, seems the most difficult to account for, as it com- 
mences suddenlj% is* attended with a sharp, cutting sensation, and 
though the spot at the first stage is so circumscribed as to be appar- 
ently covered by the point of the finger, radiating pains dart from it 
in all directions, through and up the baclv. The abdomen soon par- 
ticipates in the disturbance, and becomes tense and tender, while the 
stomach, sj^mpathizing, rejects its contents, and exhausting retchings 
are added to the distension and pain of the abdomen. Though the 
distance the calculus has to travel is so short — only a few inches — yet, 
owing to the narrowness and unyielding nature of the duct, the diam- 
eter of which does not exceed a crow-quill, and there being no pro- 
pulsive power to urge the obstruction forward, the cause of the pain 
and constitutional disturbance suffered will be evident to all who 
fleet on the nature of the parts and the obstacle to be removed. 

The TREATMENT in such cases as these is to relax the system as 
quickly as possible, allay the pain, and, if it can be efl'ected, expand 
the biliary duct, so as to allow the gall-stone to pass along and fall 
into the duodenum. 

The first of these objects is to be efl*ected by placing the patient 
in a hot bath, and retaining him in it for seven or ten minutes, and by 
giving a dose of the following mixture every hour till the pain abates, 
and by repeating the hot bath, if necessary, twice or three times in 
the course of the day : 

Take of camphor water, 6 ozs. ; powdered nitre, 2 scrs. ; tartar 
emetic, 2 grs.; dissolve, and add laudanum, 2 drs. ; mix. 

Two table-spoons to be given directly, and repeated every hour 
for three hours, when it is to be intermitted for some time, hot fomen- 
tations being laid across the stomach, and the patient being placed on 
his back with the legs drawn up, so as to relax the muscles of the 
abdomen. 

The hot bath, independent of its relaxing propertj-, causes the 
expansion of the duct, and also of the bile in the bladder, thereby 
acting from behind the stone as a propulsive agent, driving it into the 
bowel. 

STRICTURE OF THE RECTUM.— It often proceeds from cos- 
tiveness, and hardened feces, which lacerate the parts in passing down 
the rectum; also by drastic purges, piles, etc. The rectum becomes 
partially or nearly closed by tumors or scirrhus, which renders evacu- 
ation very painful, except the feces are in a very liquid state. 

Treatment — Eat chiefly bread made of unsifted flour; and 
small doses, two or three times a day, of the best Turkey rhubarb and 
magnesia; this aperient has no injurious effect; the same may be said 
of castor oil; they do not tend to constipation after promoting evacu- 
ation. 

The rectum may be dilated by the half of a small tallow candle, 
dipped in sweet oil; or by means of a bougie, sold by chemists. They 
should be inserted from 10 to 20 minutes. Occasionally take an injec- 
tiorti of slippery elm bark and castor oil; retain it as long as possible. 

Let the diet be mild, cooling, and easy of digestion; and, if you 
value ease and comfort, avoid the use of all intoxicating drinks — the 
great creators of piles, strictures, and diseases of the liver and heart. 



Appendix to Medical Departjnent. 269 

SPITTING OF BLOOD.— In cases of spitting of blood, it is often 
difficult to determine whether it proceeds from the internal surface of 
the mouth, from the fauces, from the stomach, or from the lunors. 
When the blood is of a florid or frothy appearance, and brought up 
with more or less coughing:, preceded by rigors, a short tickling cough, 
a saltish taste, anxiety, and tightness across the chest, its source is the 
lungs. The blood proceeding from the lungs is usually of a florid 
color, and mixed with a little frothy mucus only. It may be distin- 
guished from bleeding from the stomach, by its being raised by hack- 
ing or coughing, and by its florid and frothy appearance; that from 
the stomach is vomited in considerable quantities, and is of a dark 
color. 

What is strictly meant by spitting of bloody is when the blood is 
discharged from a ruptured vessel in the lungs, which is technically 
called hcemoptysis. It occurs generally from the age of 16 to 35. It is 
often an hereditary disease, which implies a peculiar and faulty con- 
formation. It happens to persons who discover the smallest capacity 
of the lungs, by the narrowness of the chest, and by the prominency 
of their shoulders, an evidence of difficult respiration. It occurs in 
persons of a slender, delicate make; to persons of much sensibility 
and irritability, and whose bodies are of a delicate texture. It arises 
sometimes from the stoppage of the menstrual flux, from plethora, and 
violent exercise of the lungs. 

One great cause of haemoptysis is, the deposition of scrofulous 
matter in the substance of the lungs, forming tubercles. The blood- 
vessels being partially distended by the pressuie of tubercles, are 
easily ruptured by cough, or bodily exertion. 

Treatment. — Moderate the discharge of blood by avoiding what- 
ever tends to irritate the body and increase the action of the heart. 
A low diet should be strictly observed, and external heat and bodily 
exercise avoided ; the air of the room should be cool, and the drink 
(which should consist chiefly of barley-water, nciduhited with lemon- 
juice) taken cold, and the patient not suftered to exert his voice. After 
the operation of a little gentle aperient medicine, as lenitive electuary, 
or an infusion of senna, with a little cream-of-tartar dissolved in it, 
take 10 drops of laudanum, and 10 drops of elixir of vitriol, in half a 
cup of cold water. If there is no cough, the laudanum may be 
omitted. 

A little salt and water given will often check spitting of blood, 
when it comes on. Put the feet in warm water, and give as above, the 
elixir of vitriol, etc. Give also ipecacuanha powder in small doses, of 
from one to two grains every four hours. 

Emetics have been given in this disease with advantage by Dr. 
Robinson, and still more lately by Dr. Stoll, of Vienna, who observes, 
that in discharges of blood from the lungs, ipecacuanha powder often 
acts like a charm, seeming to close the open vessels sooner and more 
eftectually than any other remedy. The good effects of this remedy 
are probably the consequence of the compression the lungs undergo 
during vomiting, from the action of the diaphragm and expiratorv 
muscles. 

The recurrence of haemoptysis should be prevented by invigor- 
ating the lungs and purifying the blood, and by the use of cooling 
and astringent medicines. Keep in the mouth a little alum, or salt- 
petre. The patient should participate very freely of acidulous fi-uits, 
as roasted apples, oranges, lemons, etc. Alcoholic drinks should be 
strictly forbidden. A decoction of bark with lemon juice, or a few 
drops of elixir of vitriol, is of great service. 



270 Appe7idix to Medical Department. 

When the symptoms are severe, give 8 or 10 drops of the tincture 
of digitalis, or a drachm of nitre dissolved in cold water, and after- 
wards a compound of ipecacuanha and GJauber's salt. In extreme 
cases, give fi'om 10 to 20 drops of elixir of vitriol every two hours ; or 
give the vapor bath, and an injection, and place hot bricks to the feet 
ill bed. Sugar of lead, 2 grs. ; opium, }^ gr. ; made into a pill with a 
little honey, or molasses and licorice powder, may be given every five 
hours. The temporary application of cloths dipped in cold water to 
tlie genitals will check spitting of blood. Ice is still better. Mustard 
plasters applied to the legs and feet have been recommended, and 
found beneticial. 

The diet must be light and easy of digestion. The patient must 
avoid much speaking, and all muscular exertion, and all cold and 
damp. 

Spitting' of Blood. — Take a tea-cup of stewed prunes at lying 
down for two or three nights. Or, two tea-spoons of nettle-juice every 
morning, and a large cup of decoction of nettles at night, for a week. 
Or, three spoons of sage-juice in a little honey. Or, half a tea-spoon 
of Barbadoes tar, on a piece of lump sugar, at night; it commonly 
cures at once. Infusion of red roses, 5 ozs. ; syrup of poppy, 3^ oz. ; 
diluted sulphuric acid, 20 drops. Mix. Two tea-spoons three or four 
times a day. — Wesley. 

SPRAIN. — Take of camphorated spirit, common vinegar, spirits 
of turpentine, of each, 1 oz. 

Sprain. — Hold the part in very cold water for two hours. Or, 
apply cloths dipped therein, four times doubled, for two hours, chang- 
ing them as they grow warm. Or, bathe in good crab verjuice. Or, 
boil bran in wine vinegar to a poultice. Apply this warm, and renew 
it once in twelve hours. Or, mix a little turpentine with flour and the 
yolk of an ^g^, and apply it as a plaster. This cures in a desperate 
case. 

Weakness remaining after a sprain is cured by fomenting the part 
daily with beef brine. Suppose the ankle sprained : 1st. Foment it 
with warm vinegar four or five times every four hours. 2d. Stand, if 
you can, three or four minutes at a time on both your feet, and fre- 
quently move the sprained foot. Sometimes, also, while sitting with 
your foot on a low stool, move it to and fro. 3d. Let it be gently 
rubbed with a warm hand at least three times a day. 4th. Two hours 
after every application of the vinegar, let it be just wetted with spirits 
of wine, and then gently rubbed. — Wesley. 

Sprains. — Take a few globules of rhus toxicodendron, and apply 
to the sprained part this rhus liniment for about 10 minutes, and re- 
l)eat twice a day for three days. The rhus is sold by the homeopathic 
chemists. 

Sprains of the Muscles of the Back. — Take of Canada turpen- 
tine, y^ oz- ; soap liniment, 6 ozs.; and one pennyworth of laudanum. 
Mix, and rub well in befoj'e a hot fire. 

iSprains, Excellent Remedy for.— Put the white of an ^^% into 
a saucer; keep stirring it with a piece of alum about the size of a wal- 
nut, until it becomes a thick jelly; apply a portion of it on a piece of 
lint or tow large enough to cover the sprain, changing it for a fresh 
one as often as it feels warm or dry. The limb is to be kept in a hor- 
izontal position by placing it on a chair. 

POLYPUS IN THE NOSE.— Powder a lump of alum, and snuff it 
up frequently; then dissolve powdered alum in brandy, diphnt therein 
and apply it at going to bed. 



Appendix to Medical Department. 271 

QTJI?fSY. — This disease occurs principally in spring and autumn, 
when vicissitudes of heat and cold are frequent. It affects especially 
the youn^ and sanguine, and a disposition to il is often acquired by 
frequent attacks. 

Symptoms. — It commences with an unusual sense of tightness in 
the throat, particularly on svvallovvmg, which is often effected with 
difficulty and pain. On inspection, some tumefaction and redness of 
the fauces may be perceived, which shortly spreads over the tonsils, 
iivula, and soft palate, attended with a troublesome clamminess of the 
mouth, fever, headache, delirium, etc. In desperate cases, the tongue 
and tonsils are so much swollen as to prevent deglutition, and even so 
as to affect respiration, that the patient is often obliged to be supported 
in an erect posture, to prevent suffocation. The inflammation gener- 
ally attacks one tonsil tirst, which in a day or two it sometimes leaves 
and effects the other, and not unfrequently quits them both suddenly, 
and flies to tlie lungs. 

Causes, — It is generally caused by the external application of cold 
air, particularly about the neck. Whatever violently stimulates the 
fauces, in a plethoric habit, especially, as acrid food, poisons, etc., may 
produce it. 

Treatment. — As the inflammation, from the delicate structure of 
the parts, soon advances to suppuration, active means should be speedily 
employed to disperse it. For this purpose the patient should take a 
full dose of the aperient mixture, and after its operation the saline 
mixture. 

One of the most effectual remedies is an emetic. This should be given 
as soon as the symptoms appear, and repeated as often as necessary. 
The throat should be steamed with a strong decoction of tansy, worm- 
wood, hops, and camomile flowers, boiled in vinegar and water. Put 
these into a large pitcher, over wliich place a funnel, that the patient 
may inhale the steam for 15 minutes, and repeat it every two hours 
until the urgent symptoms are gone. Afterwards heat the herbs and 
bind them on the neck. 

A vapor bath is also of the greatest service, benefiting the whole 
system, and the throat especially. Gargle the throat with a decoction 
of lobelia and a little gum kino. The steam of hemp-seed is said to be 
valuable in quinsy. If the patient is constipated, give an aperient. 
When the painful symptoms begin to subside, apply the rheumatic 
liquid warm to tlie throat, as warm and as long as the patient can bear 
it. Gargle the throat occasionally with a decoction of sage, hyssop, 
lobelia, catechu, or kino, wiih a little borax Do this frequently. Re- 
peat the aperients when necessar}'^, and the feet bathed in warm water 
and soap. 

Let the food, if any be taken, be verj'- simple. Give no spirits, no 
stimulants, and nothing cold. Hydropathy is very useful in quinsy. 
Dip a piece of cloth, in the form of a bandage, in cold water, wring it 
out, and wrap it round the throat, and over it a (Xty bandage. Repeat 
when hot and dry. In sore throat, black currant jelly is of great ser- 
vice; and so is the old plan of wrapping the stocking round the throat 
on going to bed. A good gargle is made of sage and vinegar, with a 
little sal ammoniac. A little sal prunel sucked is sometimes of great 
use. 

Apply a large white-bread toast half an inch thick, dipped in 
brandy, to the crown of the head till it dries; or, swallow slowly white 
rose water mixec* with syrup of mulberries; or, draw in as hot as you 
can, for ten or twelve minutes together, the fumes of red rose leaves, 



272 Appendix to Medical Department. 

or camomile flowers, boiled in water and vinegar, or of a decoction of 
bruised hemp-seed. This speedily cures the sore throat, peripneumony, 
and iiiflammation of the uvula. — Wesley. 

Quinsy.— Koast three or four large onions. Peel them quickly, 
and beat them flat with a rolling-pin. Immediately place them in a 
thin muslin bag that will reach from ear to ear, and about three inches 
deep. Apply it speedily as warm as possible to the throat. Keep it on 
day and night, changing it when the strength of the onions appears to 
be exhausted, and substituting fresh ones. Flannel must be worn 
round the neck after the poultice is removed. 

Quinsy, Vapor for a. — Take powdered pepper, 1 oz. ; milk, 1 qt., 
and boil them to 13^pt.; put the whole into a glass bottle with a small 
neck; let the vapor be received as hot as can be borne with the mouth 
open. This is about the best gargle. 

SCIATICA.— A form of Neuralgia.— It derives its name from the 
pain taking the course of the Sciatic nerve down the hip and thigh. It 
is often connected with rheumatism and gout, and most of the remedies 
for those diseases are applicable to Sciatica. The vapor bath is very 
serviceable. Rub also with the rheumatic liquid, or the tincture of 
aconite; galvanism applied is also good, also an embrocation composed 
of one part of turpentine, two of soap and opium liniment, and one of 
tincture of cayenne. A hot bran poultice sprinkled with laudanum, 
often gives ease. Take an aperient if necessary, avoid all alcoholic 
drinks, and take light nourishing food. Sciatica often occurs in per- 
sons of broken constitutions. Tonic medicines are appropriate to them, 
as quinine and iron, or the bitters, which see. 

Sciatica. — An extremely painful affection of the sciatic nerve ; a 
species of neuralgia. The peculiarity of this disease lies in the fact that 
it is conflned merely to the nerve itself, the pain residing exclusively 
in that cord, from the spot where it issues from the pelvis at the flat of 
the hip, down the thigh and leg, till it is eventually distributed over the 
top of the foot, the patient being able to describe with his flnger the 
exact course of the nerve from the hip to the toes. 

Sciatica is in general regarded as a rheumatic inflammation of the 
sciatic nerve. 

Tlie symptoms of this disease are too special and distinctive to re- 
quire description : the acute pain along the course of the nerve is quite 
sufiicient to deflne the nature of the affection, without any other de- 
scriptive feature. 

The treatment alone demands our attention. In a first attack, 
when the pain often amounts to a degree of suffering scarcely bearable, 
the application of a dozen leeches on the hip, at the point where the 
pain seems to begin, is frequently attended with immediate relief, par- 
ticularly if followed up with hot anodyne fomentations, rest to the 
limb, and a hot brick tied to the sole of the foot. Wlien the attack 
comes on in paroxysms, as it often will do, and with the periodicity of 
neuralgia, dry cupping, accompanied with the following powder and 
mixture, taken as directed, will frequentl}'^ break the duration and in- 
tensity of the attack: 

Powder. — Take of carbonate of soda, 10 grs. ; ginger powder, 3 
grs. ; quinine, 6 grs. Mix: to be taken two hours before the expected 
attack. 

Mixture. — Carbonate of ammonia, 2 scrs.; Dover's powder, 2 
scrs. ; camphor water, 6 ozs. Mix: the fourth part to be taken half an 
hour before the expected attack, and two table-spoons every four hours 
after, till the pain is abated. Great attention must at the same time be 



Appendix to Medical Department, 273 

paid both to the state of the stomach and bowels. "When the attack 
has been induced by damp or cold, or has become a regular visitor in 
cold weather, a poultice of mustard and flour may be applied for half 
an hour to the hip, while the following liniment is being rubbed along 
the course of the nerve from thigh to foot : 

Take of oil of amber, 3^oz. ; sweet oil, 23>^ ozs.; turpentine,')^ oz.; 
spirits of hartshorn, % oz. Mix, and form an embrocation ; to be used 
twice a day, night and morning. 

If a less exciting liniment should be required, the common tinc- 
ture of soap — opodeldoc — may be employed, and instead of the mixture 
the following sedative pills taken: 

Take of muriate of morphia, 1 gr. ; ginger, 5 grs. ; extract of gen- 
tian enough to make into a mass. Divide into four pills ; one to be 
taken every eight hours 

In cases of chronic sciatica, however, and where all ordinary meas- 
ures have failed of relief, the employment of moxa to the hip for ten 
or fifteen minutes, and a suppository of 6 grains of solid opium for an 
adult man or woman, will afford a certain if not a permanent relief. 
When sciatica proceeds from any derangement in the urinary sj^stemof 
organs, 5 drops of turpentine on a lump of sugar, taken three times a 
day, is often of the best effect, and will afford relief when all other 
remedies fnil. 

TYPHUS FEVER.— From the Greek tuphos, stupor. It is gener- 
ally indicated by certain well-marked symptoms. It is characterized 
by great lethargy, prostration of muscular power, and sometimes de- 
lirium. 

It commences with pain in the head, slight shiverings, vomiting, 
debility, sighing, loss of appetite, oppressive breathing, great mental 
anxiety and depression, uneasiness in the back; the pulse is quick and 
small, dry tongne, with a brown or black crust; urine pale, then high- 
colored with a bad smell, evacuations black and offensive, breath hot 
and oftensive. The delirium becomes more constant, and at length 
changes to a stupor. An eruption of livid spots sometimes appears. 
Great purging, cold, clammy perspiration, and hiccup, precede its fatal 
termination. 

The favorable termination of typhus is indicated by a gradual de- 
crease of those symptoms; by the disappearance of stupor in the face 
of tlie patient, and his increasing attention to things around him; the 
pulse becomes moderate, the heat of the skin natural, the tongue be- 
comes clean, etc. 

Treatment. — If there is nausea, oppression, and sickness, give an 
emetic; and if the patient is chilly, give the vapor bath, and then the 
sudoritic powder to promote perspiration, which will give much ease, 
and dislodge from the fauces phlegm, and other morbific matter en- 
dangering suffocation. Observe an emetic in the first stages of typhus 
is of the utmost importance, and at any time before prostration com- 
mences. It has been known to restrain the disease instantly, and in 
many cases to mitigate the symptoms. 

If the patient is constipated, aperients must be given. But if there 
is a tendency to diarrhea, they must be omitted, or be administered 
sparingly ; a small dose of rhubarb and magnesia may act as a correct- 
ive, or a single tea-spoon of castor oil. 

Dr. Beach says, " In typhus, the brain and the system generally, 
are thrown into an unhealthy state, by an accumulation of acrid and 
vitiated bile, and matter collected in the stomach and first passages, 
caused by an inactive and torpid state of the liver. Delirium, great 



274 Appendix to Medical Department. 

heat, and prostration of strength, take place from this cause. The 
spiTipathy existing between these organs is surprising; if one is healthy 
so is'another; if one is in a morbid condition, those that sympathize 
witli it are also diseased. Hence the very great importance of exciting 
a healthy state of the stomach, liver, and the whole alimentary canal. 
Aperients are admirably calculated to fulfil this indication. They 
cleanse and stimulate at the same time; and although a patient may be 
very weak, he will gain strength under the administration of repeated 
purgaUjves. They may be given in moderate doses, in protracted cases, 
every other day. Persons in a very low or distressed state of typhus 
fever will soon assume a more healthy appearance after the administra- 
tion of purgatives. The combination of a tonic, as a solution of 
quinine, with purgatives, would render them more beneficial. 

A Scotch physician observes, " By oft sponging the surface of the 
body with cold water and vinegar, and the application of cold to the 
head, and bathing the feet in warm water, the discomfort and headache 
of the patient may be mitigated. Pain in the belly, or tenderness, in 
typhoid fever is best met by the use of warm fomentations." 

Where there is great sensibility and swelling of the abdomen, 
showing an inllammatory state of the intestines, and where the 
stomacli rejects medicines the use of injections is indicated. 

The saline mixture should be given in a state of effervescence ; or 
a table-spoon of yeast twice a day. Fixed air aftbrds as much relief as 
any medicine, and has, in some instances, proved an eftectual remedy, 
not by counteracting putrescency, but by cooling the body, abating 
thirst, and diminishing the morbid irritability of the system. 

Let the patient drink balm and pennyroyal tea, and take the dia- 
phoretic powder; for no medicines stand higher than those which pro- 
duce perspiration ; though too much sweating must not be promoted, 
as debility may follow. A mere moisture of the skin through the 
disease, must be maintained. In thirst give a tea-spoon of spirits of 
nitre in a weak decoction of Peruvian bark. The juice of houseleek 
and sugar is an excellent febrifuge. See " Plouseleek." Frequently wash 
the body with cold or tepid, or warm water and vinegar. The salu- 
tary eftccts are often soon visible. Rub the body well with the flannel 
and liquid. 

Great attention must be paid to cleanliness. The patient's face, 
breast, neck, etc., must be often washed, his linen often changed; there 
must be good ventilation, and plentiful fumigation. Sprinkle the room 
with vinegar, camphorated spirits, or chloride of lime. Acidulous 
fruits should be given, as grapes, oranges, lemons, etc. If the throat is 
sore, give the appropriate gargles. Should the patient sink in the ad- 
vanced stages, give port wine diluted with the same quantity of water. 
Give a wine glass several times a day. Or a little weak brandy, am- 
monia, and water, mixed warm. If the feet are cold, put to them a 
bottle of hot water, wrapped in a vinegar and water cloth, and rub the 
surface of the body with the stimulating liniment. If signs of putres- 
cency appear, give yeast in a little wine, adding two tea-spoons of fresh 
powdered charcoal, and a little solution of quinine. Bottled porter 
may also be given. Let the patient be supported by beef-tea, gruel, 
etc. Should one part of the body be heated more than another, apply 
to the heated part a poultice of hops and vinegar, with a little tincture 
of caj'enne. 

In diarrhea, lime water is a suitable remedy ; when more severe< 
chalk mixture with a little laudanum may be substituted; when blood 
appears, more decided astringent remedies are needed, as gallic acid, oj 



Appendix to Medical Department. 275 

acetate of lead. In typhus fever, bed sores, by long lying, are formed. 
Wash the skin with rum or other spirit to prevent this. If broken, ap- 
ply a healing plaster, or a poultice made of slippery elm and butter. 

ULCER. — An ulcer is an injury done to the flesh from which 
issues matter, or some kind of discharge, with more or less pain and 
inflammation. 

The common ulcer should be kept clean and cool, and protected 
from the atmosphere, especially in frosty or cold weather. It should 
be washed now and then with warm soap-water. Put upon it a little 
lint, wet occasionally with salt and water, and put over it the black 
salve. Perhaps the best dressings are the saturnine cerate, described 
hereafter. Poultices made of the oak bark, sumach bark, may be used 
alternately. 

Sometimes ulcers are very irritable, tender, and painful. They 
discharge a thin acrid fluid. They should be steamed every night with 
a bitter decoction, and occasionally washed with an infusion of camo- 
mile flowers, or a strong decoction of wild cherry bark, with a little 
spirit. Poultice with slippery elm, mixed with a strong decoction of 
poplar bark, and a trifle of salt. Repeat, as required. 

If the ulcer or ulcers are indolent, steam as before, and apply the 
cancer plaster, with only a trifle of the white vitriol mixed with it; or, 
sprinkle the ulcer with powdered blood-root. 

Sometimes ulcers become very much inflamed, and assume a livid 
color; they are covered with small vesicles or blisters, as in mortifica- 
tion. Wash the ulcer with tincture of myrrh, and apply a poultice 
made of charcoal, yeast, slippery elm, ginger, and a minute portion of 
tincture of cayenne. Bear it as long as possible. Then apply the 
saturnine cerate. 

The following is recommended by Dr. Beach: Take sweet clover 
tops and stalks, burdock leaves, and parsley, a handful of each ; get the 
strength out by boiling; strain, and add 1 lb. of resin, and ^ lb. of 
fresh butter; simmer until of a proper consistence. 

A cold water cloth constantly applied is a good remedy. Put a 
little ceiate on the ulcer previouslj\ 

Attend to the general health, by cleansing the stomach and bowels, 
and then giving tonics. 

Saturnine Cerate. — Powdered acetate of lead, 2 drs. ; white wax, 2 
ozs. ; olive oil, half a pint. Melt the wax in the oil, and add gradually 
the acetate of lead, separately rubbed down with a portion of the oil 
reserved for that purpose. 

Ulcer. — Dry and powder a walnut leaf, and strew it on, and lay 
another walnut leaf on that. Or, boil walnut-tree leaves in water 
with a little sugar. Apply a cloth dipped in this, changing it once in 
two daj^s. This has done wonders. Or, foment morning and evening 
with a decoction of walnut tree leaves, and bind the leaves on. This 
has cured foul bones; j'^ea, and a leprosy. Foment morning and even- 
ing with a decoction of mint; then sprinkle on itflnely-powdered rue. 
Or, burn to ashes, but not too long, the stalks on which the red cole- 
worts grow. Make a phister of this and fresh butter. Change it once 
a day. Or, apply a poultice of boiled parsnips. This will cure even 
when the bone is foul. — Wesley. 

Ulcerated Gums. — Dilute elixir of vitriol, so as to make it slightlj'- 
acid, and wash the mouth frequently with it. Or wash with diluted 
tincture of myrrh. 

Ulcerous' Sores. — See " Logwood." 

URINE, INVOLUNTARY.— It proceeds from weakness of the 



276 Appendix to Medical Department 

urinary organs caused by the great use of tea and coffee, ardent spir- 
its, etc. It is often an attendant of advanced life, especially when the 
habits have been irregular. It sometimes results from paralysis. It 
is a very troublesome complaint. 

"If the patient can endure it, use the cold bath. Or, take a tea- 
spoon of powdered agrimony in a little water, morning and evening. 
Or, a quarter of a pint of alum posset every night." — Wesley. 

Make a decoction of bayberry bark, hemlock bark, wild cherry- 
tree bark. Bruise them. Take a wine-glass at a time. Use at the 
same time the diuretic drops. Take occasionally 6 or 7 drops of laud- 
anum in a little water. Abstain from tea and coftee, or reduce the 
quantity taken. Ardent spirits must be abandoned, and all liquids 
sparingly taken. 

When it is occasioned by stone or gravel, it requires tlie same 
treatment as recommended for the latter disease. When it is the con- 
sequence of morbid irritation of the bladder^ prostrate gland, or dis- 
ease in the urethra, the tincture of buchu leaves in the dose of two 
tea-spoons two or three times a day, in a large wine-glass of the decoc- 
tion of marshmallow root, is a very valuable remedy. 

If incontinence of urine proceeds from paralysis, a blister must 
be applied to the upper part of the sacrum. Or rub the region of the 
bladder with tincture of cayenne, or with the anti-spasmodic tincture. 
Give also an injection of anti-spasmodic tincture, 1 table-spoon ; warm 
water, 3^ pt. ; slippery elm, 2 tea-spoons. This course of treatment is 
applicable when the disease arises from nervous debility. Dr. Beach 
recommends the use of the tincture of cantharides in doses from 10 to 
20 drops three times a day in half a cup of linseed tea. Linseed tea is 
an appropriate drink; add sometimes 5 or 6 drops of laudanum. 

If it proceeds from obstructed perspiration, the secretion should 
be restored. Use the sudorif.c powder, or the vapor bath. Inconti- 
nence of urine may be benefited by bathing the body every morning 
with salt and water; and afterwards rubbing with the stimulating 
liniment. 

Urine, Hot and Scalding. — It may arise from various causes; 
from inflammation of the kidneys, uterus, alcoholic drinks, luxurious 
diet, excessive venerj-, etc. 

Take the juice of ground-ivy in linseed tea, with a little sweet 
spirits of nitre. Drink cooling and mucilaginous drinks. Let the diet 
be light and spare. Buttermilk is very appropriate. See "Diuretic 
Drops;" for this complaint they are effectual. 

Urine, Bloody, — " Take twice a day copious draughts of infusion 
of yaiTow." — Wesley. 

It generally indicates some other disease. Give small doses of a 
solution of gum kino, and gum arable, and alum, to which add from 
8 to 16 drops of laudanum. The diuretic drops may be given, half a 
tea-spoon at a time, two or three times a day. 

When blood is discliarged with the urine in a plethoric habit, the 
use of on aperient medicine is necessary. (See "Castor Oil.") The 
saline purgatives are in this case inadmissible, on account of their 
rendering the urine more irritating. The diet should be low, unless 
the patient be much reduced, or the discliarge of blood be the conse- 
quence of ulceration of the kidnej^s or bladder. In all cases, stimu- 
lants, as pepper, salt, etc., should be avoided. 

When it is occasioned bj'' the mechanical action of a stone in the 
bladder, or gravel in the kidneys or ureters, it will require the treat- 
ment recommended for those complaints. When ulceration is the 



Appendix to Medical Department. 277 

cause (which is known from its being attended with a discharge of 
matter), the essential oil of turpentine, in the dose of 12 drops, in 
marsh mallow-root tea, has generally a very happy effect. The buchu 
leaves with gum arable, in these affections, haA-e also proved particu- 
larly serviceable, as the following : Take of infusion of the buchu 
leaves, 8 ozs. ; tincture of the same, 6 drs.; mucilage of gum arable, 3 
ozs. Three table-spoons of this mixture may be taken three times a 
day. 

Urine, Suppression of. — It may proceed from gravel. (See 
"Gravel.") " Drink largely of warm lemonade. Or, take a scruple 
of nitre every two hours. Or, a spoon of lemon-juice sweetened with 
syrups of violets." — Wesley. 

Immerse the feet in warm water and soap, and drink parsley-root 
tea. Take half a pint of spearmint tea, to which add 3 tea-spoons 
of sweet spirits of nitre, and a wineglass of Holland gin. Sweeten 
it with sugar or honey. Repeat, if necessary. If the disease is obstin- 
ate, steam with the vapor bath, or put the patient into a warm bath. 
Apply the tincture of cayenne over the bladder; and then a poultice 
of hops, if there is much pain. Or, give an injection of lobelia herb; 
slippery elm bark, and valerian; balm water, a small cup. Infuse 15 
minutes. Take at the same time the diuretic drops in pennyroyal tea. 
An aperient may be useful. Parsley tea, spirits of mint, sweet spirits 
of nitre, and a little camphorated spirits, all combined, have often 
effected a cure. 

The diuretic drops, urinary decoction, and infusions of spearmint, 
are verj'^ efficient. Also decoctions or infusions of white poplar bark, 
dandelion root, linseed, queen of the meadow, cleavers, sweet shrub, 
juniper berries, uva ursi, commonly called bearberry coolwort. 

Urinary Decoction. — Cleavers, queen of the meadow, marshmal- 
lows, juniper berries, of each, 2 ozs. Boil in 4 qts. of water down to 
1 qt. Dose. — A small cup a day. 

TOOTHACHE REMEDIES.— The following are good : Oil of 
cloves, 3^ dr. ; laudanum, 2 drs. ; powdered alum, 1 dr. ; spirits of 
nitre, 2 drs. ; chloroform, 3^ dr. Mix. Apply with lint. 

A mixture of two parts of the liquid ammonia of commerce, with 
one of some simple tincture, (tincture of Benjamin, etc.,) is a good 
remedy for toothache. A piece of lint dropped into this mixture and 
introduced into the carious tooth, when the nerve is immediately cau- 
terized, and the pain stopped. 

Saturate a little cotton wool with oil of cloves, and put it to the 
tooth. The oil of cloves might be kept ready in a bottle. It would be 
more efficacious if mixed with camphor, and two or three drops of 
chloroform. Or creosote, 1 part; spirits of wine, 10 parts; mix, and 
apply. 

Sometimes diluted ammonia relieves the toothache. Also a mix- 
ture of camphor, laudanum, oil of cloves, and chloroform. Mix well. 
Or keep in the mouth warm water and salt, with one fourth of laud- 
anum. 

Take of alum, in powder, 2 drs. ; spirits of nitre, 7 drs. Mix, and 
apply it to the teeth. 

Take 3 spoons of brandy, adding to it 1 dr. of camphor, with 30 
or 40 drops of laudanum. JDrop a little on some lint. Apply it to the 
affected tooth and gum. A little tincture of cayenne would be an im- 
provement. 

^ Be electrified through the teeth. Or apply to the aching tooth an 
artificial magnet. Or lay roasted parings of turnips, as hot as may 



278 Appendix to Medical Department. 

be, behind the ear. Or lay a clove of g^arlic on the tooth. Or keep 
the feet in warm water, and rub them well with bran just before bed- 
time. 

Alum reduced to an impalpable powder, 3 drs. ; nitrous spirit of 
ether, 1 scr. ; mix, and apply to the tooth. Or, take of compound 
tincture of Benjamin, and Battley's solution of opium, of each, 1 dr. ; 
mix. A little dropped on cotton, and applied to the hollow, and the 
gum of a decayed tooth, will afford effectual relief. 

Take of tincture of cayenne, oil of cloves, and oil of summer 
savory, equal parts; put into 3 table-spoons of spirit of wine; add 6 
drops of chloroform. Apply to the affected tooth and gums. Apply 
to the face at the same time a flannel bag of hops and camomile flow- 
ers saturated with hot vinegar, and 30 drops of laudanum. 

Warm water and salt kept in the mouth for some time, and re- 
newed, is a good remedy. 

Toothache, To Prevent. — Wash the mouth with cold water every 
morning, and rinse them after every meal. Or, rub the teeth often 
with tobacco ashes. — Wesley. 

TOOTH POWDERS.— The following are recommended : Take 
^ oz. of powdered gum myrrh; 1 oz. of powdered bark; 2 drs. of 
cream-of-tartar; 1 dr. of bole ammoniac; mix in a m'ortar. A con- 
stant use of this powder will cause the teeth to obtain a beautiful 
whiteness, and preserve them from decaying, and prevent the tooth- 
ache. 

Peruvian bark, charcoal, armenian bole, of each, ^ oz.; pow- 
dered cinnamon, and bicarbonate of soda, of each, 3^ oz. ; oil of cin- 
namon, 4 drops. Mix. 

One to Cure a Bad Breath. — Cream-of-tartar and chalk, each, % 
oz. ; myrrh, powdered charcoal, 2 drs.; powdered orris root, 1^ dr.; 
powdered Peruvian bark, 2 drs. Mix well together. Rubbing the 
gums with salt occasionally destroys the aniraalculai which probably 
cause decay and aching of the teeth. 

Pounded charcoal very fine, 2 ozs. ; Peruvian bark, 1 oz. ; cam- 
phor, % oz. 

Pjepared chalk, orris root, and charcoal, powdered, equal parts. 

Coftee newly ground fine, mixed with charcoal, is a first-rate 
powder. Scent as you like. 

Powdered cuttle-fish, 8 ozs.; powdered charcoal, 2 ozs.; burnt 
alum, 1 oz. ; powdered myrrh, 1 oz. Mix. 

TOOTH WASHES.— Tincture of myrrh, diluted with water, and 
camphorated spirits. Or, a solution of borax and camphorated spirit 
combined. 

VOMITING. — It is generally preceded by the sensation of nausea 
and sickness, and a disposition to faint. Endeavor to ascertain the 
particular condition on which it depends. If it arises from some irri- 
tating substance in the stomach, as bile, then the stomach should be 
thoroughly cleansed. Take a beer-glass of warm water, and about one 
hour afterward an effervescing draught, in which drop a very little 
tincture of cayenne. 

The neutralizing mixture is an appropriate remedy ; also the black 
draught, or one of the aperients. 

A mustard poultice over the stomach, and 10 drops of laudanum 
in a little brandy and watei', tend to settle the stomach. 

Vomiting Blood. — The escape of blood by vomiting is carefully 
to be distinguished from the expectoration of blood from the lungs. 
If from the stomach, the blood will be dark and clotted, and mixed 



Appendix to Medical Department, 279 

with the contents of the stomach. The blood from the lungs is a bn'o-ht 
red, often frothy and mixed with mucus. It is generally preceded %x 
chilliness, nausea, heaviness, and pain at the stomach. It is followed 
by great weakness, and from that the dan<^er chiefly arises. 

The patient should be placed in bed immediatelv, and be perfectly 
quiet. Place the feet and hands in warm water, and apply mustard 
plasters to the calves of the legs. The following draught may be very 
serviceable : 

Infusion of roses, 12 drs.; diluted sulphuric acid, 10 drops; syrup 
of roses, 1 dr.; tincture of opium, 10 drops; mix. Or, take acetate of 
lead, 3 grs.; purified opium, 1 gr.; exti-act of hemlock, 10 grs. Make 
3 pills, one to be taken twice a day; drink after them iced lemon-juice 
and water, or vinegar and water. Use the vapor bath, if the person 
is cold and chilly, and afterwards apply hot bricks saturated in vine- 
gar and water to the feet and sides. If there be constipation, give 
aperients, or a mild injection. 

Sometimes the vomiting of blood proceeds from the retention of 
the menses. (See "Menses, Retention of.") 

Retching.— The act of vomiting, or rather those impotent strain- 
ings when the stomach is either eniiity, or the amount in it too small 
to be ejected by the force of the abdominal mnscles. As such spas- 
modic actions are extremely exhausting, it is always best to give the 
stomach something to tlirow up, either simple warm water, or, if a 
.crude or ])oisonous substance is in the stomach, an emetic. Seven or 8 
drops of hydrocyanic acid, or 10 drops of laudanum, in water, will 
sometimes afl*ord inimedhite relief; but in general, 1 or 2 half-pints of 
warm water will be found the best remedy for ordinarv cases of dry 
retching. 

YArORS, OR LOW SPIRITS.— This is a state of the system 
popularly known by the term nervousness; and if the non-professional 
part of society only used it, tlie term might be excused, but medical 
men who should know better employ it too often as the name of a 
disease. 

A late Duchess of Bedford, when at Bath, inquired what brought 
so many of her friends there, and being generally answered " nervous- 
ness," '* the nerves," or "nervous affection," acknowledged that she 
came there for pleasure, and thanked God that she was born before 
nerves came into fashion. One object we have had in view in this 
work has been to show the reader tlie simple cause and effect of all 
ailments, as far as professional knowledge went, and to avoid the jar- 
gon of technicality, or the mystification of medical practice, and by 
laying the truth before the reader, leave to his own good sense the 
drawing of the proper inference; trusting that, like the Duchess of 
Bedford, he will be able to separate truth from cant. 

Nervousness, then, is not a disease; there is, in fact, no such 
thing, but there is a state of physical and mental prostration or debil- 
ity, the consequence most jfrequently of functional derangement, in 
which the person becomes bodily weak and mentally timid, and in 
which at times the imagination grows strangely perverted, the patient 
often believing himself converted into a glass bottle of so fragile a 
nature, that if abruptly handled he will break and be instantly anni- 
hilated; in some cases, again, the delusion is so strong, that the patient 
believes himself dead, lays out his limbs, closes his eyes, and assumes 
for hours, and even days, the semblance of a corpse. These and such 
like cases are generally called hypochondriasis. To undeceive such 
patients and effect a cure is a most difficult task. In one instance the 



28o Appendix to Medical Department, 

delusion of death was so rooted in the patient's mind, that the physi- 
cian, to save hhn from dyinj^ in reality from inanition, had the under- 
taker called in, the patient put in a cotfin properly prepared for the 
occasion, and his obstinate patient carried to the churchyard, where a 
poor relative, whom the supposed deceased had greatly benefited, met 
the procession, and so vilified the memory of his patron, that the en- 
raged patient, who was enabled to hear every- word, burst out of his 
coflSn, and, giving chase to the ungrateful detractor, ran till from ex- 
haustion he fell to the ground, when he was taken home, put to bed, 
and in a few hours was perfectly recovered — the powerful circulation 
of the blood, the mental excitement, and the perspiration consequent 
on the exertion of the chase, having effected a cure. 

For the cases where patients fancy themselves dumb waiters, 
tables, teapots, or to have lost their legs, it is impossible to lay down 
any rule of medical conduct; the particular features of the case must 
suggest their own remedy. 

We shall consequently return to the more ordinary form in which 
we find vapors, and commence with the usual — 

Symptoms, which begin with languor, oppressed breathing, a sense 
of heat at the stomach, listlessness, indifllerence, and want of energy 
to perform the most trivial duty, a melancholy sadness, and distressing 
forebodings of future events, with great fear and apprehension of 
personal danger from the most unreal causes, and so firm an opinion 
that his own view of things relating to himself is true, and must b« 
realized, that no argument on the part of the physician can undeceive 
the patient's mind. 

The CAUSES of this mental depression and physical weakness are 
almost always functional, and proceed from dyspepsia, biliaiy disturb- 
ance, enlarged liver, etc., each cause acting on a naturally melancholic 
temperament. The great fear in this disease is the probability of the 
case degenerating into confirmed melancholia, or melancholy madness. 

The TREATMENT indicated is first to restore energy to the brain 
and nervous system, and then to remove the dyspepsia or the func- 
tional causes. The first is to be eft'ected by change of scene, fresh 
society, and amusements, or by any means that will divert the patient's 
mind from his own case and imagined sufferings, by rural sports, mod- 
erate exercise, gaining his confidence, and condoling, but never by 
ridiculing his feelings or foibles, and finally by persuasive arguments, 
inducing him to attempt the measures suggested; only a portion of 
the scheme of treatment proposed being told to him at once. This is 
by far the most important, and also the most difficult part of the cure. 
The second, or medical treatment, lies in giving tonics of quinine and 
iron, and anti-spasmodics, as those of camphor, valerian, opium, ether, 
etc. ; mild aperients, and the occasional use of the tepid and cold bath; 
and in a carefully arranged dietary, the amount of wine or stimulants 
being regulated by the condition of the patient. 

Where great debility, with a disinclination for all solid food, is 
experienced, a table spoon of the cordial medicine known as the com- 
pound tincture of cardamomsof the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, taken 
about eleven o'clock in the forenoon, an hour before dinner, and again 
in the evening, will frequently act most successfully as a stimulant and 
stomachic. In cases where there is both apathy for food with indiges- 
tion, and great nervous depression, a tea-spoon of Gregoiy's powder 
in a little peppermint water, two or three times a day, with a dose of 
the following mixture, will often be found highly beneficial, especially 
if assisted by an assaf cetida pill at bed-time every third night: 



Appendix to Medical Department 281 

Take of carbonate of ammonia, 1 scr. j Camphor water, A:% ozs. ; 
compound tincture of valerian, 4 drs. ; paregoric, 1 oz. ; tincture of 
lavender, 2 drs.; compound spirits of ether, 3 drs.; mix. One table- 
spoon to be taken every four hours, or 2 table-spoons twice a day. 

WHITE SWELLING.— This is a very painful disease; it more 
frequently affects the knee than any other joint; sometimes the hip, 
ankle, and elbow. At first a severe pain is felt penetrating the joint,' 
or only one particular part of the joint. The least motion aggravates 
the pain. It soon begins to swell considerably, and suppurafion takes 
place. Matter is discharged from several openings or ulcers, the bones 
are affected; and if the disease is not arrested, the life of the patient 
is endangered. 

Treatment.— Avoid the old system of treatment by the allopathic 
doctors, by mercury, blistering, setons, amputation, etc. Attend to 
the stomich and bowels, giving an emetic, and an aperient, if needed; 
to be followed by bitter tonics occasionally, giving the alterative syrup, 
diluted when first taken; or a decoction of sarsaparilla, sassafras, gui- 
acum, queen's delight, unicorn root, cleavers, prickly ash berries, of 
each, 1 oz. Simmer in a covered pan with two quarts of water down 
to three pints. Sweeten. A dessert-spoon three or four times a day. 
Steam the part with bitter herbs, and now and then give the vapor 
bath to the whole body. After steaming the affected part, rub the 
limb with the rheumatic liniment. 

Dr. Beach recommends the following : " Oil of hemlock, oil of 
sassafras, gum camphor, tincture of opium, % oz. each, and 1 pt. of 
spirit of wine. When dissolved and properly mixed, bathe the part 
with It frequently." Then apply an oatmeal and bran poultice, mixed 
with a little finely powdered charcoal, salt, and cayenne pepper. If 
the pain is great, sprinkle on the poultice ^ oz. of laudanum. Keep 
it on as long as possible, and then steam. 

White Swelling.— The pain arising from white swelUngs, and 
other similar swellings, may be instantly eased thus : Take the white 
of an Qgg, and beat it up with two ta])le-spoons of spring water; rub 
the part affected frequently, but gently, with the finger. 

White Swellings.— Hold the part half an hour every mornino- 
under a pump or cock. This cures all pains in the joints. It seldom 
fails. Tried. Or, pour on it daily a stream of warm water. Or, a 
stream of cold water one day, and warm the next, and so on by turns. 
Use these remedies at first, if possible. It is likewise proper to inter- 
mix gentle purges, to prevent a relapse. Or, boiled nettles.— TFe^Zey. 
WOltMS.— The worms found in the human body are mostly the 
ascaricles, tlie thread-worm, infesting the lower intestine, causing much 
itching and irritation about the anus. The teres, or long round worm, 
generally seated in the small intestines, and stomach. 

The symptoms denoting the existence of worms are common to 
the dittereut species, viz., indigestion, with a variable appetite; foul 
tongue; offensive breath; hard, full, and tense belly, with occasional 
gripings and pains about the navel; heat and itching sensation in the 
rectum and about the anus; the eyes heavy and dull; itching of the 
nose; short, dry cough; grinding of the teeth: and starting during 
sleep, attended often with a slow fever. 

The indications of cure are, first, to clear the stomach and intes- 
tines of redundant slime, and afterwards to strengthen the stomach 
and bowels, so as to destroy the disposition to their generation. 

^ Give an emetic once or twice a week, in order to rid the stomach 
of impurities, slime, and morbific matter, the cause of worms. Attend 



282 Appendix to Medical Department 

to the state of the bowels, for they are often irregular through worms. 
A close of the composition powder given night and morning, and bit- 
ter tonics during the day, will be of essential service. This should 
be continued a weelv or two. 

Lime-water being capable of dissolving the mucus in which the 
worms breed, may be taken; a tea-cup two or three times a day— less 
for a child. Take with it the tonic mixture, or bitters. It is very 
effectual in relieving children. 

The following infusion is valuable : Best senna, Carolina pink- 
root, manna, worm-seed, rhubarb, 3^ oz. of each. Bruise them, and 
infuse for two or three hours in boiling water. Sweeten with molasses. 
Give to a child six years old 3 table-spoons a day. 

Sweets should be avoided. Salt and water tal^en in the morning 
will expel worms, especially the seat worms. It may be made by dis- 
solving a table-spoon of salt in half a pint of water. It may also 
form an injection to bring away tiie ascarides. Camphor is another 
remedy. Dissolve 10 grs. in a little spirit of wine, and add it now and 
then to the tonic bitters. 

Worms, Various Remedies for the Cure of.— Take 1 oz. of tin, 
finely powdered, and 2 drs. of Ethiop's mineral, mixed together; 
divide it into 6 powders, and take 1 of them, in a little syrup, twice a 
day; when they are used, work them oflF with a little rhubarb. Or — 

Jalap, ^ oz. ; powdered rhubarb, 34 oz. ; gamboge, 2 drs.; syrup 
of bear's-foot, sufficient to make it into a paste; then make it into or- 
dinary sized lozenges. Dose. — For a child three j^ears old, \^ a loz- 
enge; six years, 1 lozenge; and so on, according to years. Or — 

Spirits of turpentine, in doses of from 8 drops to 1 tea-spoon, in 
gruel sweetened. Or — 

Cowhage mixed with molasses. Give a child 1 tea-spoon fasting 
for three or four mornings successively— an adult 1 table-spoon. Then 
give a purge. 

Powdered rust of iron is a good vermifuge. It expels the worms 
and strengtliens the constitution. To a ciiihl six years old from 10 to 
40 grs. may be given. An adult may take 3^ oz. It may be given in 
molasses or in beer. Dr. Rush says : " Of all the worin medicines that 
I have given, I know none more safe and certain than this simple 
preparation of iron." It should always be followed by an aperient. 

The common male fern-root is a certain remedy for the taper-\\ovvi\. 
Two or 3 drs. of the powdered root to be taken in the morning, no 
supper having been taken the niglit before. It generally sickens a 
little. A brisk purgative is to be given a few hours after, which some- 
times brings off the worm entire; if not, the same course must be 
followed at due intervals. For the success of this remedy, the root 
should be recently gathered, as after being kept long in the shoi^s its 
activity is diminished or destroyed. 

Worms. — Take 2 tea-spoons of brandy, sweetened with loaf sugar, 
every morning. Or, 1 spoon of the juice of lemons. 

Or, take 2 tea-spoons of worm-seed mixed with molasses, for six 
mornings. Or, 1, 2, or 3 drs. of powdered fern-root boiled in mead. 
Tills kills both the flat and i-ound worms. Repeat the medicine from 
time to time. — Wesley. 

Worm Fever.— Boil a handful of rue and wormwood in water; 
foment the belly with the decoction, and apply the boiled herbs as a 
poultice; repeat the application night and morning. This frequently 
brings away worms from children who will take no internal medicine, 
and is likewise serviceable if the fever be of the putrid kind. — Wesley. 



Appendix to Medical Department 283 

^.r^^'?^^ Seeds.-The seeds of this American plant form a powerful 
vermifuge It speedily expels round and other worms from the intes- 
tines. Ihe seeds are given in substance from 10 grains, or half a 
drachm finely powdered, strewed on bread and butter, or made into 
an e ectuary with honey or molasses. After using some days, give an 
aperient, and the tonic bitters. ^ "^ ' ^ 

rmwin ^^^it''''""^'"^ ^^^^ "^^ ^^'^ ^^^ ^^s<^- Five to ten drops of the oil 
fbi an Zlu.'''^^"' """^ ^.^«"^°^«'^ d^^se f«r a child. Or. twelve drops 

Worm Syrup.— Senna, Carolina pink, of each. 1 oz.; peach leaves, 

pure water, near boilmg; shake up in a bottle for a day; then add a 
cup ot spirit of wine. Shake up several times a day for a week, keep- 
ng the bottle m a vyarm place. Then add another cup of hot water 
in which has previously been infused half a tea-spoon of cayenne 
^?Z"fn ^> ' n^'P^ is valuable. It will cause all kinds of worms o 

f dav T,!.;.?'''^-"^-^' ^ ^,^^^^ '^^ ^^'''' «1^' ^ tea-spoon four times 

-wATTx^d^ be given m well sweetened coffee. 

nuUJ>l>S.— Apply juice or powder of yarrow. Or. leaves of 
ground-ivy upon It. Or, wood-betony bruised. This quckly heals 
even cut veins and sinews, and draws out thorns or splinLs.-VS 

th«J^'*""**'~;^'' .^J"?'^?^ *"^«"^ Mortifyiug.-Spriiikle sugar upon 
them, or powdered blood-root. j 9 t^ e,<*i upuu 

Wounds— Putrid.— Wash them morning and evening with warm 
tTrZll' ^^''r''^- Ifti'^y heal too so^on, and a mfttei gaXS 
nnl n f l-nPi^^^n^ poultice of the leaves pounded, changinf them 
rZp« ±^ ^'^^/''"- 1 ^^'i^ly a carrot poultice; but if a gangrene 
comes on, apply a wheat flour poultice (after it has been by the fire till 
It be^ns to ferment) nearly cold. It wiJl not fail. 

foLo ^i^"*'?~''^^^*^V,"^** *^^ Bleeding of.-Where it can be done, 
take a bandage, handkerchief, or garter, and put it round the limb 
betwixt the wound and the heart, and tie it tight. It will answer the 
purpose of a tourniquet, and stop the bleeding till effectual relief can 
be given. In many cases, it might save life. 

n n.Sn' fH^'^ ^ ^'JS^'^f ^ ^^ ^'""^^ ^''^ ^o^*'" it into a little ball, and press 
It upon the mouth ot any bleeding vein or artery. Apply lint and 

wound ^tTcfr'' '" \r"lf V-'^' ''^^' ^"^ ^^^^^^' a^^d bind^ tl/em on the 
wound, to suppress the bleeding. 

sobvii.Pn^ffnTnn"'^'^^'^ together, and keep them 

thn/rw^l adhesive plaster, compresses, and a bandage. Wounds 
iW. wit h "h-in/Ti k'^^^ T''^'^"/ suppuration. Frequently wet the dress- 
ihfiy ri'"'^ ^''^°'^^ ''^^^ '^•^it. Let tlie dressings remain two or 

ItP .n7LJ '"{;i^"^?tion takes place, remove the adhesive plaster, 
etc., and apply a bread pouliice, or the slippery elm bark poultice- 

fnL'?nHn^r'^'^'^^ '^' ''^''' r' ^^^''''- I" ^'^ «t- proud flesl! appear! 
ing, sprinkle sugar, or powdered bloodroot upon the wound ; or apply 
as a lotion the diluted solution of chloride of soda, or chloride of lime- 
that is, 111 proportion of 1 oz. of the solution to a pint of water. Or 
use a few grams of the vegetable caustic. 

YARROW.— This plant is well kown. The infusion taken inwardlv 
and applied outwardly as a wash, is good for piles, and sores. It is ex- 
cellent tor flux, looseness, and nervous melancholy. The powder is 
recoinmended for colic, ague, whites; and it is very useful in colds. 

vi'i'i\^ii!^-^'^^?]lil?^^''^ discharge of urine in children, 
chillv furVo- P^*^R--'i^he first stage usually begins with weariness, 
cniiiy tits, famtness, giddiness, flushing of the face, redness of the eyes 



284 Appendix to Medical Department. 

pain in the eye-balls, foreheau, back, great weakness, anxiety, thirst, 
and lethargy. The urine is high colored, deticient, and turbid. The 
tongue is covered with a dark fur; tlie perspiration is irregular, inter- 
rupted and lessened; the bile is secreted in unusual quantities, and 
speedily ejected from the stomach. The skin is very dry, hot, and 
hard. The eyes, face, and breast become yellow. 

This stage of the disease lasts about 48 hours. The symptoms be- 
gin to abate, by which the patient is flattered; but returning aggrava- 
ted symptoms soon undeceive him. He becomes verj'^ debilitated; 
putrefaction takes place; large patches of livid spots appear on differ- 
ent parts of the body; the tongue becomes dry and black; black fur 
on fne teeth, and oft blood from the mouth, nose, nostrils, etc. The 
whole body often exhibits a livid yellow. 

The causes may be contagion, the use of ardent spirits, marbleizing 
the liver, destroying digestion, etc. It may be caused by cold, wet 
feet and clothes, obstructing perspiration, etc. 

Treatment. — The first object must be to excite action in the 
stomach, bowels, liver, and skin. Give an emetic; clear the bowels by 
a brisk purgative. Give the diaphoretic powder, and place the patient 
in the vapor bath, regulating the heat according to the strength of the 
patient. While in the bath let the patient drink balm, pennyroyal, or 
catnip tea. When he comes out of the bath, place him in a warm bed, 
well covered with blankets to produce perspiration. If he perspires, 
gradually lessen the covering. 

If vomiting prevails, give the neutralizing mixture, a table-spoon 
every half hour till the vomiting ceases. If the stomach be very irri- 
table, give with the neutralizing mixture a drachm of Epsom salts 
to each dose, in a little tea; if the vomiting does not abate, persevere 
with the medicine, and apply mustard plasters to the stomach and feet 
twice a day. Do not neglect aperients; for it is of the highest impor- 
tance to promote the natural evacuations. 

Attend also to the skin. If dr}^ hot, and parched, give an infusion 
of boneset, to be drank freelj^ to promote perspiration. If this should 
fail, give the Sudorific Powder, or the Sweating Drops till perspiration 
takes place. Should they cause too much sickness, give lemonade or 
cream-of-tartar water. In the West Indies they affect a cure by drink- 
ing an infusion of boneset, by using the warm or vapor bath, and 
bathing the body with lemon juice with water, or warm vinegar and 
water. 

WARTS. — These may be cured by daily touching the top with the 
pure tincture of Rhus Toxicodendron or Poison Oak, which grows in 
this country. It is sold by homepathic chemists. The application 
should be continued for a few weeks. Or, touch them frequently with 
blue vitriol; or, nitric acid; or, chloride of zinc. A bit of impure 
potass moistened should be applied to the warts a few minutes, so as to 
leave a whitish paste upon them; put over it a sticking plaster for a 
week. Repeat if needed. 

Warts. — Rub them daily with a radish, or with the juice of mari- 
gold fl )\vers— it will hardly fail. Or, water in which sal-ammoniac is 
dissoLed. Or, apply bruised purslain as a poultice, changing it twice 
a day. It cures it in seven oi- eight days. — Wesley. 

Or, steep in vinegar and salt the rind of a lemon, and apply it to 
the wart, first the outer side and then the inner. Keep it on for two 
hoars and change. Or, rub the wart now and then v/ith elixir of 
vitriol, apply with a bit of wood. 

Warts, Cure of.— One of the surgeons of St. Bartholomew's Hos- 



Appendix to Medical Department, 1^5 

pital says, ** The easiest way to get rid of warts is to pare off tlie 
thickened skia which covers the prominent wart; cut it off by succes- 
sive layers; shave it till you come to the surface of the skinj and till 
you draw blood in two or three places; when you have thus denuded 
the surface of the skin, rub the part thoroughly with lunar caustic, and 
one operation of this kind will generally destroy the wart; if not, you 
cut off the black spot which has been occasioned by the caustic and 
apply it again ; or, you may apply acetic acid and thus you will get 
rid of it. 

BED SORES. — The white of an eo;g beaten to a strong froth ; then 
drop in gradually, while you are beating, two table-spoons of spirits of 
wine; put it into a bottle, and apply occasionally with a feather. Soap 
Plaster, sold by the druggists, protects the affected part from friction 
or rubbing. 

DANDRUFF, OR PITYRIASIS.— A genus of scaly disease, chiejly 
affecting the scalp, characterized by irregular patches of small scales, 
which repeatedly exfoliate or fall off, but never form crusts. 

There are two or three varieties of this disease, named after the 
color of the exfoliated skin; some confined to the scalp, others to the 
armpits, chest, and the lower part of the abdomen. This, like many 
minor affections of the cuticle, only becomes hurtful to health by neglect; 
for when the dead, bran-like scurf is left on the skin, particularly at 
the roots of the hair, it impedes perspiration, and by blocking up the 
pores of the skin, becomes extremely hurtful. 

Treatment. — When in the scalp, the head should be well stimu- 
lated night and morning by means of a strong hair-brush, and the free 
use of a large and small toothed comb, and the occasional employment 
of a lotion composed of 2 drachms of borax, dissolved in a pint of rose- 
mary water, applied three times a week. 

Should this fail to cure the evil, an ointment, comj^osed of 1 ounce 
of white create mixed with 3^ a drachm of creosote, is to be rubbed 
into the roots of the hair every night for a week; at the expiration of 
which time the person should have the head thoroughly washed with 
soap and water, take a hot bath, bathe the head with the rosemary and 
borax, and with a clean brush the next day remove any exfoliation 
which may have been thrown out. 

SCURF IN THE HEAD— A Simple and Eifectual Remedy,— Into 
a pint of water drop a lump of fresh quicklime, the size of a walnut; 
let it stand all night, then pour the water off clear from sediment or 
deposit, add a quarter of a pint of the best vinegar, and wasii the head 
with the mixture. Perfectly harmless; only wet the roots of the hair. 

WATER BRASH.— A discharge of thin watery fluid from the 
stomach upwards to the mouth. It generally arises from weakness of 
the stomach, indigestion, etc. Persons affected with diseases of the 
chest, and persons of debilitated constitution, are much subject to it. 

Take from 4 to 8 grains of the white oxide of bismuth. Give an 
aperient pill to keep the bowels open, and give bitters freely. Take 
nourishing diet, and be frequently in the open air. Take now and 
then some of the Neutralizing Mixture diluted. A little brandy bitters, 
and effervescing draughts are beneficial. Use friction with the flesh 
brush. If the patient is consumptive, then most gentle means must be 
used, and chiefly in reference to the disease which is the cause of the 
water brash. 

VAPOR BATH. — Sit naked upon a chair ; place the legs upon a 
stool. Place a vessel under the chair. Throw a large blanket around 
the patient and the chair; pin it under his chin, and make it tight all 



286 Appendix to Medical Department. 

round. The vessel is to contain the liquid, hot water, or decoction of 
bitter herbs, or otherwise medicated. Heat a couple of bricks nearly- 
red hot, and put one of them into the vessel under the chair. Then 
pour about tliree pints of boiling water into the vessel, with a gill of 
strong vinegar. Be careful not to pour it upon the brick, but down 
the sides of the vessel. Close up, and the patient will soon be im- 
mersed in vapor. Change the brick when cool. If the patient be too 
hot, lift up the blanket a little to admit the cold air, which will lower 
the temperature. During the bath, drink freely of the balm, catnip, or 
pennyroyal tea. When out, dry well, and appV friction, with a flesh 
brush, or with rough towels dipped in vinegar and water. 

The benefits arising from the vapor bath are immense, 

WEN — To Cure. — Take a lime-stone and slake it in soap lees; then 
mix it with a little soap. Spread it as a plaster, and apply it to the 
wen, and often anoint it with the lees in which the lime was slaked. 
It will sink and destroy the wen. 

WIND IN THE STOMACH.— See "Flatulency."— Take oil of 
juniper, tincture of myrrh, lavender water, sweet nitre, equal quantity 
of each; shake them in a bottle. Dose. — One tea-spoon in a cup of 
cold water. The above is a dose for an adult. Or, take a large hand- 
ful of feverfew, and cummin seeds and ginger, 1 oz. of each to 3 quarts 
of water; boil to 3 pints. Add a little tincture of cayenne. Dose. — 
three or four wine glasses a day, 

PROUD FLESH. — A popular name given to those watery granu- 
lations which spring up suddenly in cicatrizing wounds, or granulating 
surfaces, giving the ulcer or wound an uneven, weak, and florid ap- 
pearance. These excessive granulations, as surgeons call them, are 
red, flabby elevations that spring up, sometimes round the edge of the 
ulcerated surface, or in its center, in circumscribed patches, or separate 
cones or elevations, and are indicative of a rapid but weak action in 
the part; they are in themselves perfectly harmless, though, according 
to popular belief, the presence is regarded as indicative of serious mis- 
chief, if not of danger. A lotion of sulphate of zinc, or bluestone, in 
the proportion of 2 or 3 grains to the ounce of water, if applied on lint 
once or twice will generally reduce such exuberant growths, at the 
same time that it stimulates the vessels of the parts to a more equal and 
steady action. Should the lotions above not answer the purpose, a 
small quantity of burnt alum may be scattered over the granulations, 
or a thin spreading of the red precipitate ointment, or a drachm of 
citron ointment (ointment of the nitrate of mercury), with 3 drachms 
of red precipitate, may be mixed and applied in the same way; but 
ointments should be avoided to wounds as much as possible, and 
lotions, but stronger than the above, used instead. When the system 
is weak, and the diseased surface large, wine and tonics should be 
given to the patient, and in extreme cases caustic is to be used, but this 
is only when the granulations become of a fungoid character, 

NOCTURNAL EMISSIONS.— An involuntary seminal discharge, 
occurring during sleep, generally the result of excited dreams, and 
often caused by dissipated habits and a relaxed system. This exhaust- 
ing complaint is generally confined to the young, and, when not the 
result of vice, may be easily overcome by a course of tonics, local and 
general, such as the following: 1st, cold salt water bathing, or else 
sponging the body, especially the loins and hips, every morning with 
cold vinegar and water, with the after use of the flesh brush ; 2d, a 
grain of quinine made into a pill, taken twice a day, and 20 drops of 
the tincture of iron (tinctura muriatis ferri) in a cup of barley water 



Appendix to Medical Department, 287 

three times a day; and 3d, by taking 20 drops of laudanum on ffoinff to 
bed, when the case demands it. 

SINKING, OR EXHAUSTION AT THE PIT OF THE STOMACH. 

—A popular mode of expressing a nervous sensation ; a sudden loss of 
power or strength— a collapse of the stomach— as If the food and vitality 

01 the organ had been in a moment taken away. Such sensations of 
sudden exhaustion are purely nervous, and indicate an impaired diges- 
tion. SOdropsof sal-volatile in half a wine glass of camphor water 
will generally relieve the sense of exhaustion for the time being; but 
should it recur frequently, a powder containing 2 grains of columba 

2 grains of ginger, and 10 grains of bicarbonate of soda, twice a day' 
will correct the state of the stomach which induces the sinking feeling- 
or half a tea-spoon of Gregory's powder in a little peppermint water 
may be taken for the same purpose. 

SMOKING.— This vice— for, carried to the extent that it now is, it 
IS truly one— in which even boys indulge with the freedom and aban- 
donment of men, is an evil that cannot be too severely reprobated, for 
it must be evident to the dullest comprehension that the constant ab- 
sorption, however minute the quantity, of the fumes of a deadly druo- 
cannot be daily persisted in without injury to the system. A pipe of 
tobacco or a cigar, once or twice a day, if it causes no salivation, or 
the smoker abstains from expectoration, may possibly be indulged in 
with impunity; but when the salivary glands are greatly excited, and 
the person accustoms himself to expectorate while smoking, the prac- 
tice must be regarded as extremely objectionable and dangerous. The 
system, in the first place, is deprived of a large amount of the natural 
solvent of the food; digestion is greatly impaired in consequence; less 
chyle extracted from the aliment taken, and the blood impoverished by 
receiving less than its due proportion of healthy nutriment. Hollow- 
cheeks, and emaciated body, impaired digestion, a languid appetite, 
and a listless state of mind, are the certain consequences resulting 
from an over indulgence in the practice of smoking, accompanied with 
excessive expectoration. Smokers should in all cases avoid usinir short 
or dirty pipes, as the rank oil given off from the burning tobacco, by 
irritating cracks or sores on the lips, very often induces a scirrhus or 
cancer of the lower lip; besides this danger, such a custom taints the 
breath most offensively. 

ABORTION.— A separation from the womb, and a coming away 
of the child, before the proper period for its expulsion, and when it is 
impossible for it to live when born. 

*u ./^^^.'"tion can only occur before the six^Z^www^A of pregnancy; after 
that pei-iod and up to the eighth month it is called a miscarriage, and 
any time between the eighth and ninth months a premature labor. 

Women of all conditions of life, and at all ages, are subject to 
anortion, though it is much more frequent with those living in cities 
than m villages— among the weak and delicate than the robust and 
vigorous, and more prevalent in young mothers than in those who have 
had several children. The causes that produce abortion are very 
numerous; sometimes they proceed from a natural weakness of the 
constitution, the system seeming unable to carry on the new action 
unless assisted by art and medicine. Over-fatigue, sitting long in a 
heated room, dancing, sudden emotions of the mind, such as grief or 
terror, falls, blows, or kicks, are all occasionally the immediate cause 
ot this mishap ; but by far the most frequent reason is a false step, a 
sudden jar to the body, jumping from a chair, straining to lift heavy 
weight, turning a bed, or attempting to reach an article beyond a per- 



288 Appendix to Medical Department. 

son's height, or from a violent tit of coughing;. There are other causes, 
but those may be imagined from what liave been already described. 

Abortion may occur at the end of the fourth week of pregnancy, 
at the end of the second and third months, the fifth and the sixth; but 
the two most frequent periods are between the aeoenth and twelfth 
weeks^ and at the sixth month. 

Symptoms. — When the death of the child — or fetus, as it is called 
before birth — is the cause of the abortion, the fact is indicated by the 
soft and flabby state of the breasts, a sense of weight and coldness at 
the bottom of the belly, attended with occasional shivering, pains in 
the back and loins, and, after a time, bv a bearing down pressure that 
comes on and goes off at regular periods and inteimissions, till the 
coming on of the proper expulsive pains. Where the cause has been 
sudden, the first symptoms are generally pains in the back, weight in 
the bottom of the abdomen, langor, great depression of spirits, shiver- 
ing, and occasionally fainting. These are followed, after a longer or 
shorter time, by a discharge of blood, sometimes only trifling, at others 
excessive and in alarming quantity, accompanied by sharp flying pains 
along the back and over the belly; these pains gradually increase in 
strength and duration, till they assume all the characters of regular 
labor pains, which continue till the child or the embryo is expelled. 
(See " Labor.") As women who have once had an abortion are par- 
ticularly liable to suSer a repetition of the same misfortune, and at the 
same period, particular care must be taken in the next pregnancy, 
especially till the woman has passed the period of the first mishap, to 
protect her from any injury or circumstance which might cause a rep- 
etition of the accident; for there is no casualty to whicli a female is 
liable, that produces a more serious and depressing influence on the 
system, than that of abortion; and should it occur with a first child, it 
may be repeated for several years, unless most skilfully guarded against. 

Treatment. — The first object to be considered, in cases of ex- 
pected abortion, is to arrest the progress if begun, and, if possible, 
secure the continuance of the pregnancy. For this purpose the earliest 
symptoms are to be attended to, and these are, pains in the back and 
loins, sometimes extending over the front of the belly, accompanied 
with a general heat and irritability of the body, with a frequent de- 
sire to empty the bladder, and a slight evidence of blood, or show. 

In cases of this nature, and before the separation of the child from 
the womb has been effected, and while there is yet a chance of prevent- 
ing the abortion, the patient is to be placed on her back, in bed, and 
kept perfectly calm and still, the legs slightly raised, so as to relax the 
muscles of the abdomen, and napkins, wrung out of cold water or cold 
vinegar and water, applied frequently over the belly. An effervescing 
draught, made by dissolving twenty grains of carbonate of soda in the 
third of a tumbler of water, and adding fifteen grains of tartaric acid, 
is to be given every one or two hours, and followed the next day by a 
small quantity of castor oil. 

All rich and stimulating foods and drinks are to be prohibited, and 
every noise or excitement carefully guarded against. In young and 
robust constitutions, and when the pulse is quick and full, from six to 
nine leeches should be applied over the womb, and in addition to the 
etfervescing draughts, a seidlitz powder taken once or twice, to act 
more fully on the bowels. By these means, keeping the body cool and 
quiet, and tlie mind tranquil, tlie threatened danger, by a week or two'si 
rest, may be got over, and nature thus assisted resume its functions, 
and the i^regnancy proceed to a happy termination. 



Appendix to Medical Department. 289 

When, however, from the symptoms already given, there is reason 
to believe the child is dead, the patient is to be kept perfectly tranquil 
and on her back, bottles of hot water are to be placed to the feet, and 
a napkin, folded into a large square, and wrung out of cold vinegar 
and water, applied to the abdomen so as to cover it, while another made 
smaller is applied to the lower parts; these being at once removed, 
wetted, and reapplied, as soon as they become warm. A few spoons 
of gruel, with a little brandy, are to be given from time to time, ac- 
cording to tlie weakness or exhaustion of the patient. 

Should the amount of blood discharged be moderate, the above ap- 
plication will be found generally sufficient to arrest it entirely, or till 
nature expels the child and its membranes, by a few of the ordinary 
pains of childbirth; but if the amount of blood be large, and if there 
be an absence of all expulsive pains, a silk handkerchief should be at 
once wetted with sweet oil, or in the absence of that, smeared with 
lard, and then piece by piece cautiously passed into the birth, and then, 
as already directed, the cold vinegar and water is to be applied to the 
abdomen. The object of this plug, as it is called, is to cause the blood 
to coagulate internally, and so stop the further bleeding from the 
womb, till the proper pains set in, and the contraction of the muscles 
of the abdomen shows that the expulsive efforts have commenced, 
when the handkerchief must be withdrawn to give room for the passage 
of the child and membranes. 

The afterbirth does not always descend at the same time ; but as it 
is of the utmost importance that it should be expelled as soon as possi- 
ble with safety, a gentle pressure on the abdomen with the hand, or 
friction over the belly, will, in most cases, excite the womb to contraq- 
tion, and thus throw out the afterbirth. It must be remembered that 
all the time the womb is open, the patient is in danger of excessive 
bleeding, or what is called jlooding ; and when this comes away in 
gushes, unattended by the necessary pains, it becomes of the utmost 
Importance to empty the womb at once, and by the most expeditious 
means. For this purpose, a drachm of the bruised ergot of rye must 
be simmered for ten minutes, in about a quart of water, to which a 
few grains of soda are added; the liquor is then to be strained, and a 
wine glass, with a little sugar, and a tea-spoon of brandy, given as soon 
as cool enough to drink. 

Fainting sometimes occurs from the loss of blood, when small doses 
of cordial must be given, or a little brandy and water, with twenty 
drops of sal-volatile, and ten drops of ether in each dose; but these 
must not be too frequently or incautiously administered, the object be- 
ing merely to rouse, and not to excite the patient. During the contin- 
uance of the bleeding, the room must be kept cool, cool air freely 
allowed to circulate round the patient, and frecjus^nt draughts of lem- 
onade or ascidulated waters, given to her for drink. When tlie abor- 
tion takes place early in the jn-egnancy, and before the child is distinctly 
formed, all the clots of blood discharged should be carefully, examined- 
in the hope of finding the embroyo,as on the discovery of that, the subse- 
quent treatment depends. In cases of malformacion.and where, in conse- 
quence of the confined dimensions of tlie pelvis, or bones of the hips, 
a fully developed child could not be born alive, it becomes the duty of 
the surgeon to produce abortion, for the safety of the moiher, the time 
at which that operation is to be elfected depending on the capability 
of the parts. 

Procuring or causing abortion, either by drugs purposely taken, 
by means directly applied, or by blows, violence, or force, resulting in 

13 



290 Appendix to Medical Department, 

the death and abortion of the child, was formerly punished with deaths 
thouo:h b}^ the common hiw it is now classed only as a felony. 

Aboition — To Prevent. — Women of a weak or relaxed habit should 
use solid food, avoiding great quantities of tea and other weak and 
watery liquors. They should go soon to bed and rise early, and take 
frequent exercise, but avoid being over-fatigued. 

If of a full habit, they ought to use a spare diet, and chiefly of the 
vegetable kind, avoiding strong liquors, and everything that may tend 
to heiitthe body, or increase the quantity of blood. 

In the first place, take daily half a pint of decoction of Lignum 
Guiacum; boiling an ounce of it in a quart of water for five minutes. 

In the latter case, give half a drachm of powdered nitre in a cup of 
water-gruel, every five or six hours ; in both cases she should sleep on 
a hard mattress, with her head low, and be kept cool and quiet. 

ABSCESS. — They require the application of warm poultices and 
fomentations, and a cooling aperient medicine. The best fomentation 
comprises a decoction of marsh mallows, camomile flowers, poppy- 
heads, or Jiemlock leaves. The poultice may be made of bread and 
water, or linseed meal. These to be applied till the abscess bursts. 
When burst, allow the discharge of purulent matter, and after it has 
ceased, apply moist rags for a day or two; then draw together the 
edges of the wound by means of diachylon plaster, and to the wound 
appl}^ Cerate orSpermaceti Ointment. It is necessary sometimes when 
the bursting is slow and tedious, and the pain great, to open the ab- 
scess with the point of a lancet, which prevents much suffering. When 
the abscess is indolent, and slow in ripening, apply a poultice of oat- 
meal, and water, and yeast, and a little salt. Let the patient live on 
nonrishing diet. Keep the body open; and if the pain be great, mix 
with the aperient, about 10 or 12 di'ops of laudanum. 

Abscess — Milk. — This abscess affects motiiers, and requires careful 
treatment. Apply every two hours warm vinegar to the part. This, 
if done in time, soon gives relief. 

AFTEIJ-BIRTH. — The placenta^ or cake. That membrane which, 
in the fcjetal life, or the unborn child, is the medium of communication 
between the parent and the embryo and growing child. It derives its 
name of after-birth from the fact that in all natural labor it is never 
expelled till some minutes after the birth of the child, and forms the 
last operation in the third stage of all labors. Sometimes it is retained 
in the womb long after the expulsion of the infant, from atony^ or 
loss of contractile power in the womb to throw it off; in which case 
the skin of the abdomen must be taken up in the hand, and, by <% ro- 
tary pressure over the organ beneath, induce it to contract and rid 
itself of the adhering placenta. Occasionally, from causes to be here- 
after explained under "Labor," the womb is thrown into irregular 
and spasmodic contractions, b}^ which it is drawn together in one, or 
even two places, like an honr-glass, either shutting up the after-birth 
in one or other of the cavities formed, or contractino- upon it, holding 
it as in a vice. (See "Womb," ''Abortion," and "Labor.") In such 
cases, the spasmodic contractions have to be overcome, and the after- 
birth brought away ; for till it be removed, and the womb naturally 
closed, the })aticnt is in great danger of sudden hemorrhage. For mode 
of opei-ation, and the time necessary to elapse from the birth of the 
child till the after-birth should be taken away, see "Labor.'' 

AFTER-PAINS.— These are a repetition of the pains of child- 
birth, but only much less intense, and to which all women are sub- 
ject, more or less, for the first week after confinement. In general, 



Appendix to Medical Department. 291 

however, they seldom extend be^^ond the fourth day, and only recur 
now and then, seldom lasting more than a few minutes at a time. A 
peculiarity attending after-pains is the fact that they increase in sever- 
ity and duration with the number of children a woman has borne; as 
if the womb had each time more difficulty in recovering its original 
size and appearance. 

After-pains need cause no alarm, and it is onlj'^ when excessive 
that they require any medical assistance, as the cause generally brings 
its own relief. 

Cause. — Though the womb contracts immediately on the expul- 
sion of the after-birth, it does not recover its natural size for several 
days — indeed, weeks. In the cavity left, the blood, exuding from the 
vessels of the womb, collects and coagulates into clots; to expel these 
through the narrow mouth of the womb causes a certain amount of 
muscular contraction of the organ, which contraction induces those 
grinding sensations called after-pains, and according to the size of the 
clot to be expelled is the severity and duration of the pain, which 
ceases when the obstruction has passed. 

TreA-TMENT. — When the discharge is considerable, and there are 
many clots, the pains continue sometimes for hours without any length- 
ened abatement; in such case, as they produce a good deal of harass- 
ment to the patient, the abdomen should be fomented by napkins 
wrijng out of hot water, the application of a bottle of hot water to the 
bottom of the belly, and the exhibition of 20 or 25 drops of laudanum, 
in half a cup of gruel. Sometimes after-pains are kept up by a costive 
state of the bowels, not properly relieved before the confinement; in 
such cases, a dose of castor oil should be given on the second day, or 
an enema of warm gi'uel, with 1 oz. of castor oil, and 3 drs. of tur- 
pentine. 

After-pains can always be distinguished from inflammation, and 
the disease known as 'puerperal fever, or childbed fever, by the pains 
coming on in fits of longer or shorter duration, with intervals of per- 
fect ease ; by the absence of all tenderness of the abdomen when 
pressed, and by a discha'-ge of coagulated blood. 

BREAST, INFLAMMAIION OF.— The breasts of females are 
sometimes inflamed, swelled, and subject to abscesses. In mothers these 
affections are painful, and prevent the flow of milk. A swelling in 
the breast may be reduced by applying the bitter-sweet ointment, and 
the adhesive strengthening plaster. If there be chill, it must be re- 
moved by perspiration. For this purpose take the sudorific powder. 
Also, take 1 tea-spoon of best rum, 1 tea-spoon of ginger, 3^ tea-spoon 
of cayenne pepper; boll four or five minutes, and thicken with coarse 
flour, or ground elm bark, or slippery elm; put a little oil upon the 
breast, then apply the poultice, and repeat three or four times. It 
generally.cures. If the pain be excessive, add a small quantity of 
laudanum to the poultice. This generally cures. 

In hard swellings of the breast, rub with sweet oil, or friction with 
soap liniment; 1 dr. of compound tincture of iodine to each ounce will 
render it more effectual. The bowels should be kept gently open, to 
subdue the fever. 

When matter has formed, it is best to let it break and discharge 
spontaneously; or it may be punctured with a lancet. An abscess in 
the breast will discharge a long time. The diet therefore should be 
nutritious, light and strengthening. A warm bread poultice is good 
for an abscess; it should be changed every four or five hours, and 
covered with oiled silk. When the discharge has nearly ceased, simple 



292 Appendix to Medical Department. 

warm water dressings may be substituted, and then apply the black 
salve, (which see.) 

Breasts, Mard. — Apply turnips roasted till soft, mashed and mixed 
with a little oil of roses. Change twice a day, keeping the breast 
warm with flannel. 

Breasts, Sore and Swelled. — Boil a handful of camomile, and as 
much mallows in milk and water. Foment with it between two flan- 
nels, as hot as can be borne, every twelve hours. Tliis also dissolves 
any knot or swelling in any part. — Wcdey. 

BREATH, FETID. — The smell may proceed from the lungs or the 
stomach, but in nine cases out of ten it originates in the stomach, and 
the following is a simple and prompt remedy: Three hours after a 
meal take a large tea-spoon of a solution of 6 parts of chlorate of pot- 
ash in 120 parts of sugared water, and at the same time rinse out the 
mouth well with the same solution. When the breath is tainted with 
onions, eat parsley and vinegar, or orris root, or gum kino. 

Or, take a dose of rhubarb and magnesia occasionally; finely 
powdered charcoal has been recommended; also a decoction of camo- 
mile and wormwood. For impure breath caused by decaying teeth, 
chew orris root, and Peruvian bark, or use the same as a powder. Or 
take chai'coal powder, powdered mynh, powdered cuttle-fish, caibon- 
ate of soda, and a drop or two of oil of cloves. Keep the mixture in 
the mouth as long as possible. 

BREATHING, DIFFICULT.— Vitriolated spirits of ether, 2 ozs.; 
camphor, 15 grs. ; paregoric, 34 oz. ; ipecacuanha wine, 1 rable-spoon; 
water, % pt. Mix, and cork well. Take 1 tea-spoon when the breath- 
ing is laborious. It relieves at once. 

HYSTERIA, (Commonly called Hysterics).— This disease, though 
most frequently excited by some uterine aflection, is purely nervous 
in its character, and one greatly depending on some emotional state of 
the mind. Though females from the age of seventeen to forty-eight 
are the general sufferers from hysteria, delicate males, and those em- 
ployed in sedentary occupations, or of a scorbutic constitution, are 
sometimes affected by it. Among females, the unmarried and those 
who have never had children are the persons most predisposed to an 
attack, which may be induced by uterine irregulai-ity, violent emo- 
tions, grief or joy, tight lacing, flatulence, or any cause that weakens 
the stamina of the body. 

Symptoms. — These commence by yawning, depression of spirits, 
flushings of the face, sudden tears, palpitation of the heart, pain in the 
left side, with a sense of swelling, and a feeling as if a ball was rising 
from the stomach up into the throat, with a sense of choking, the pa- 
tient being convinced that there is an actual round substance lodged 
in her gullet. From this symptom the disease has been named Qlohus 
Hystericus. The patient now becomes faint and restless; the body and 
limbs become agitated with wild and irregular actions; she is seized 
with fits of alternate tears and laughter, with incoherent and noisy 
ejaculations; while the muscular contortions become so violent that 
many men are often necessary to restrain the actions of a delicate girl. 
After remaining in this state from a few minutes to in some cases many 
hours, there is a belching of air from the mouth, when, with a heavy 
sigh or a few deep sobs, she slowly recovers, and either falls into a 
sleep, or may suddenly start up, and go through the same chain of 
symptoms, having a succession of fits and intermissions. A peculiar- 
ity in hysteria is that it may assume the characters of almost every 
other disease; the only disease, however, with which it could be con- 



Appendix to Medical Department. 293 

founded is epilepsy, and from that it is distino^ished by tlie patient 
being partially sensible in hysteria, and totally insensible in epilepsy; 
by the foaming at the mouth in the latter, and the absence of it in 
hysteria, in which there is always a twinkling or trembling of the 
eyelids. 

Treatment. — In young, robust patients, or countrj' giiis, bleed- 
ing is sometimes necessary to abate the violence of the spasms. 

In slight, and indeed ordinary cases, the simple practice of cutting 
all the strings and laces at once with a knife, laying the patient on her 
back and dashing cold water suddenly in the face, and holding some 
hartshorn to the nose, will generally effect a recovery. If not, how- 
ever, 30 drops of sal-volatile, 30 drops of spirits of lavender, and 10 
drops of spirits of ether, in a wine-glass of camphor water, given 
directly, will, if the face is dried and again suddenly aspersed with 
cold water, be found sufficient to rouse the patient and break the spas- 
modic action. In very severe cases, however, an emetic of 15 grs. of 
white vitriol in warm water will be the most effective and expeditious 
remedy. 

A few hours after the subsidence of the attack an aperient "pill 
should be given, either of asafoetida and aloes, or of compound colo- 
cynth, and means taken to recruit the strength, or remove the imme- 
diate cause of the attack; in general, steel wine and quinine will be 
found the best remedies — a tea-spoon of the lirst every four hours, and 
1 gr. of the latter three times a day; or the iron and bark may be 
combined, as in the following : 

Tonic Powders. — Take of prepared carbonate of iron, 2 drs. ; sul- 
phate of quinine, 6 grs. Mix, and divide into 6 powders. One to be 
taken three times a day 

Hysterics. — This disease mostly affects young, nervous, single 
women. It manifests itself by tits, often preceded by nervous lowness, 
difficult breathing, sickness at the stomach, palpitations, and a pain at 
the left side, a rumbling noise in the bowels, the sensation of a ball 
ascending to the throat, with a feeling of suffocation, convulsions, 
laughing and crying without any apparent cause. Almost every part 
of the nervous system is liable to this affection. The disease seldom 
proves fatal. It is caused by menstrual irregularities, indolence, irreg- 
ular living, costiveness, indigestion, worms, obstructed perspiration, 
etc. 

An hysteric fit may be easily distinguished from fainting; for, in 
fainting the pulse and respiration are entirely stopped; in hysterics, 
they are both perceptible. 

Treatment. — First loosen the dress, and dash cold water in the 
face. It is of the greatest importance to put the feet and legs in warm 
water as soon as possible Give an emetic. The expectorant tincture 
must be given to remove the rising in the throat, the sense of suffoca- 
tion, collected phlegm, etc. If the patient cannot swallow, pour it 
into the mouth, and it will relax the jaws, etc., and cause the patient 
to swallow; it will send the blood to the surface and extremeties, affect 
the brain and nervous system so as to end the attack even by a single 
dose. 

_ The vapor bath should be given as soon as possible. Or, put the 
patient to bed, and apply hot bricks or bottles of hot water to the feet 
and sides; the bottles to be folded in cloths wet with vinegar and 
water. Should these means fail, give the anodyne powders. Give 
also gentle aperients; and above all, do not neglect to give the nervous 
pill, which is wonderfully efficacious. The aperients may be assisted 



-294 Appendix to Medical Departme7it. 

by injections of gruel, 3^ oz. of the tincture of asafoetida, or a table- 
spoon of spirits of turpentine; sweeten with molasses. Tonics, as 
quinine, should be freely given. If the disease arises from obstructed 
menses, worms, etc., the case must be treated as directed under those 
complaints. 

LABOR, OR CHILDBIRTH.— The great importance of this sub- 
ject necessitates our entering at some length on the different matters 
involved in the important operation of nature that forms the theme 
before us. Most practical surgeons divide labors into four orders — 
natural, tedious, preternatural, and complex ; and though we purpose to 
confine our remarks to the first, it is necessary that we should state the 
characteristics of each. 

A natural labor is one in which the child presents naturally for 
the birth, and the labor is begun and concluded in the space of ticenty- 
four hours. Tedious labors are those in which the presentation is still 
natural, but from some irregularity in the action of the womb, the 
delivery is extended over the twenty-four hours, being sometimes de- 
layed for seventy-two hours. Preternatural labor: this order implies 
an unnatural presentation — that is, any part of the child above or be- 
low the funis, or navel-cord, presenting, except the head. Complex 
labors are those where the birth is complicated with hemoiThage, or 
separation of the placenta, or after-birth; by the presentation of a foot 
or a hand, or, in the case of twins, two hands or two feet, and a few 
other peculiarities. 

Natural Labor is divided into three stages; t\\Q first stage em- 
braces the period from the first pains, or from the commencement of 
the contraction of the womb, to the complete dilatation of its mouth, 
or outlet — a process that may extend from four to twelve hours. The 
second stage extends from the complete opening of the womb to the 
birth or expulsion of the child, and may extend from half an hour to 
twelve or more hours; and the third stage is comprised in the time from 
the birth of the child to the expulsion of the after-birth and mem- 
branes, and the complete contraction of the womb, generally occupy- 
ing about half an hour. 

Most women sti'ive to keep about till the last, and seldom, unless 
fantastical, wish to have the surgeon about them until his services are 
likely to be of use ; and most women, particularly those who have had 
children, can always tell when that time has arrived, both by their 
feelings and by certain signs denominated sJioivs ; and as some females 
have a very rapid time, the whole three stages being often completed 
in less thiHi an hour, the medical man should always be sent for di- 
rectly that local demonstration is made. 

The surgeon, if he is a man of any experience, will be able to form 
a shrewd guess of how the labor is progressing by watching his pa- 
tient's face, pjijing attention to the tone of her voice, and by noticing 
whether the abdominal tumor is high up or low down. When it is 
necessary to make an examination, it should be performed tenderly 
and expeditiously; the patient being previously placed on her left side 
in bed, and covered by the counterpane, as it is quite unnecessary for 
her to go to bed for good till such time as her doctor considers it pru- 
dent. The object of the first examination is to ascertain that point, 
and to satisfy liimself on three important matters, — first, is it a natural 
presentation; in other words, is the head presenting, and if so, is it 
presenting right, or in such a manner that the occiput, or back of the 
head, shall be to the pubis and the tace to the sacrum? Secondly, is 
the mouth of the womb open, are its lips thin, dilatable, and moist, or 



Appendix to Medical Department. 295 

are they thick, puckered, dry, and unyielding? And lastly, are the 
passages relaxed and moist? If these points are all favorable, the 
labor may be prognosticated as likely to be safe and expeditious ; the 
patient should be allowed to get up and walk about the room as long 
— with occasional rests — as possible, holding by the bed-post every 
time a pain comes on, the surgeon avoiding all unnecessarj'^ examina- 
tions, till the length of the pains and their close sequence give evidence 
that the time for his professional aid is approaching. 

When that time has arrived, the woman is to be put to bed, placed 
as before, on her left side, with her knees drawn closely up to the 
stomach; the side of the sheet and the quilt should be pinned together 
in several places, so that the hand can be instantly passed beneath the 
clothes, when the surgeon, seated in a chair, with his back to the foot 
of the bed, places himself in readiness for his duty. As the womb 
contracts with the pain, it forces the child's head on the mouth of the 
organ; the head, by a succession of rotary, drill-like motions, gradu- 
ally expanding the opening, when the membranous bag in which the 
child floats in the aqua amni begins to protrude through the aperture; 
this is the time that great care is necessary on the part of the surgeon 
not prematurely to rupture the membranes, till both head and mem- 
brane have answered their purpose, that of drilling open the mouth 
of the womb; nature always effecting that object at the proper time. 
Immediately after the breaking of the water^ as the rupture of the mem- 
branes is called, the womb, having now greater space, contracts with 
double power, and by one or two pains often forces the head clear 
from the womb, and a considerable way into the vagina, from whence, 
after a temporary rest, and sometimes brief snatches of sleep by the 
patient, the head is brought almost to the birth, the perinceum being at 
each expulsive pain stretched like the head of a drum. This is the 
most critical period of the whole labor, and demands the greatest vig- 
ilance and care on the part of the surgeon to be read}'' to support with 
the palm of his hand the perinceum, and prevent the too rapid exit of 
the head. The last and most severe pain is that which expels the 
head, after which there is a brief intermission, but not of suffering, 
till another contraction delivers the shoulders; the body and limbs the 
surgeon, by a lateral motion, removing with both his hands. 

With the cry of the child, the exhausted mother forgets all her 
pains, and it should be the surgeon's duty to take care that she shall 
have that gratification instantly, by observing that nothing gets before 
the child's mouth, and that by raising the clothes he affords it abun- 
dance of air. If the cry is feeble, the mouth and nostrils are to be 
instantly cleansed from any mucus or froth that may clog them, and 
the spine rubbed vigorously with the fingers of the right hand. If the 
child is still mute, or partially so, a basin of warm water is to be 
placed in the bed, and the infant immersed up to the throat in the bath 
thus provided, and those means adopted for suspended animation 
described under "Advice to Mothers.'' 

After the child has cried freely for a few minutes, the navel cord 
is to be tied by a ligature about an inch and a half from the body, by 
means of the strings which, before the rupture of the membranes, the 
surgeon should have placed in readiness, and which are made b}' 
doubling two half yards of the unbleached thread, and knotting each 
together, so as to make two strings of a quarter of a yard long. (See 
" Advice to Mothers.") Having tied the cord next the child, he should 
then place the other ligature about two inches above the first, and 
with the scissors divide the cord near the first, or between the two 



tg6 Appendix to Medical Department. 

knots; the child is then to be loosely folded in a blanket, and placed 
near the mother till the labor is completed. If, after waiting for ten 
minutes^ there should be no succeeding pain, the surgeon should lay 
his hand on the abdomen, and, grasping the loose integuments, employ 
both friction and pressure, but gently, to cause tlie contraction of the 
womb, that the after-birth may be expelled. Should this not succeed 
in inducing a pain, the hand should be dipped in cold water, and again 
applied to the abdomen. If after fifteen minutes from the birth the 
placenta is not expelled, the cut cord is to be taken in the left hand, 
and the right, guided by the cord, is to be passed gently upward, and, 
with tenderness and care, the after-birth, finally encompassed by the 
hand, is to be brought away. As soon as this is effected, and the womb 
has contracted, a broad binder, girth, or bandage, about eighteen 
inches wide, is to be passed smoothly around the woman's body, and 
tied or pinned in several places, tightly over the abdomen. A warm 
napkin is next to be applied, the patient well covered with extra 
clothes, a draught with the sixth of a grain of morphia, or 25 drops of 
laudanum, given, and the patient allowed to remain undisturbed for 
at least two hours. 

Sometimes, at the commencement, it happens that the woman is 
disturbed with small, exhausting pains, that keep her occasionally for 
hours, and sometimes even for daj'^s, in a state of irritation and suffer- 
ing, without producing any effect upon the womb, or advancing the 
labor in the slightest degree ; in fact, only breaking up the patient's 
strength, and rendering her tetchy and desponding. Examination 
will discover, in all probability, that the mouth of the uterus is onlj'- 
so far open as to admit the point of the finger; that the lips are rigid, 
extremely sensitive, and dry. An examination of the woman's face 
during the progress of one of these abortive pains will show the sur- 
geon that the womb is contracting irregularly, and in such a manner 
that, without closing on the child, and forcing it on the opening, they 
only cause griping, crampy pains, that do no earthly good, and merely 
exhaust and worry the patient. In such a case, the duty of the sur^ 
geon is to suspend such fugitive or false pains, and give the woman as 
much rest as possible till the coming on of the true labor. For this 
purpose the following draught shouhl be given ; the patient put to bed, 
hot water applied to her feet, and a warm napldn laid across the ab- 
domen : 

Take of spirits of mindererus, 6 drs. ; spirits of sweet nitre, 1 dr.; 
Ipecacuanha wine, 3^ dr.; syrup of safiron, 1 dr.; laudanum, 30 
drops; or, acetate of morphia, ^ gr.; camx)hor water, enough to make 
13^ ozs. Mix. To be given directly. 

When the patient rouses from the sleep which is certain to follow 
the abeyance of the pains, it is ])ossible labor will commence in earn- 
est. Tlie surgeon, however, will have satisfied himself, before giving 
the sedative draught described above, on two of tlie most important 
facts connected with the whole labor — the condition of the bowels, and 
the state of the bladder, for if eitlier are distended, the operations of 
nature, however forcible and rightly directed, will be delayed for 
hours. If, then, these should require relieving, they should be emptied 
directly in all cases; and in such a condition as we have been doscrib- 
ing, even before giving the draught. Napkins wrung out of hot water 
and applied to the pubic region, or a bottle of hot water, enveloped in 
flannel, applied to tlie part, will generally excite the bladder to act, 
without resorting to the catheter; while an enema of warm gruel is 
often quite sufficient to empty the large bowel, the rectum. '~' 



Appendix to Medical Department, 5597 

Though nature generally throws out sufficient exudation to keep 
the passages moist, when the labor is very protracted these always be- 
come dry and hot, and then require to be often and freely lubricated 
with lard, or some kind of a tirm pomatum, a quantity of which will 
always form an accompaniment to the baby-basket. 

In cases where the patient is nervous, weak, and the period of even 
a natural labor would exhaust her strength, or where either convul- 
sions or hemorrhage is to be feared, or should one or the other have 
set in, it becomes the surgeon's duty to expedite the labor as much as 
possible. To effect this purpose, he must give her the secale^ or ergot 
of rye — a drug which possesses the singular property of acting, within 
ten or twenty minutes, directly on the womb, causing it to contract 
and expel its contents. There are certain conditions, however, that 
must previously exist before the secale — except in special cases — can, 
or ought to be given. These conditions are, — Tlie womb must he well 
open, the lips thin and dilatable^ the child presenting naturally, the pas^ 
sages relaxed, and no malformation of the pelvis existing. 

To prepare the secale. — Bruise 2 drs. of secale, and boil it slowly, 
with about 20 grs. of carbonate of soda, in 4 ozs., — a quartern, — of 
water, for ten minutes; strain the liquid, and to 3^ a tea-cup add 
enough sugar to sweeten, and 1 table-spoon of gin, and give the ves- 
sel to the patient to drink off the hot draught as she would a cup of 
coffee. In a few minutes, the stronger and more expulsive action of 
the womb will show that the draught has taken effect. 

When hemorrhage attends the labor, the secale must be given 
directly; and should it follow the expulsion of the after-birth — wiiich, 
till the womb closes, there is always fear of — cold water must be poured 
on the abdomen to promote contraction ; or cloths, soaked in cold lo- 
tions, applied across the stomach, while the patient's strength is sup- 
ported by brandy, ammonia, and ether, and the feet kept hot with 
heated bricks. 

The most important means, however, is the plug, or stopping up 
of the passage, as the process is called. This is effected by the oiling 
of a silk handkerchief, and passing the whole gradually up the vagina, 
so as to allow the formation of a clot and the arrest of the bleeding, 
or, as it is called at such times, the flooding. 

If everything goes on favorably, the patient very seldom requires 
any medicine — except the sedative draught — till the fourth day, when 
a mild dose of castor oil should be given to act on the bowels; while 
if the child has been placed at the breast from the first hour, it is sel- 
dom in a healthy woman, when common care is taken, that anything 
will be required for the milk or the breasts. For the management of 
the navel, and many other important matters on this subject, see " In- 
fant." 

LONGING. — A vulgar expression applied to pregnant women, 
when, from the state of the system, and an impaired appetite, they 
express a preference for certain articles that some innate feeling teaches 
them would be beneficial or of service to their state of health. As it 
is seldom that those desires are irrational or injurious, such solicita- 
tions, when they occur, which is by no means often, should, if possible, 
be always complied with, for so active is the imagination of the female 
at such times, and so extraordimiry the sympathy between the feelings 
of the mother and the nervous system of her unborn child, that a 
willful rejection of her desires, or a rude exposure of her wishes, may 
result in an injury or disfigurement to the infant. On this subject see 
"Pregnancy," and "Mother's Marks." 



298 Appendix to Medical Department. 

MILK FEVER.— This is one of the diseases to which women in 
childbed — especially with first children — are very liable, and may be 
induced by cold, by excessive heat in the room, or by any cause of 
undue excitement. The disease usually takes place about the third 
day, and is directly caused by some obstruction to the flow of the milk, 
as from an imperfect nipple, or irritation in drawing the breast. 

Symptoms commence with rigors, pain, and throbbing in the 
head, a repugnance to noise and light, flushed face, contracted pupils, 
and bloodshot eyes; the pulse is quick, full, and hard, the skin hot, 
tongue white, with constant thirst. Tlie breasts are sometimes hard, 
full, and distended; at others the secretion is suppressed, and the 
breasts are empty and flaccid; in that case the head-symptoms are in- 
creased, and delirium often succeeds. 

The TREATMENT cousists iu reducing the circulation, which in 
young and full-bodied women must be effected first by bleeding, and 
secondly, by saline purgatives, a low diet, a darkened room, and per- 
fect quiet. 

Take of Epsom salts, 2 ozs. ; powdered nitre, 1 scr. ; tartar emetic, 
2 grs. ; mint water, 8 ozs. Mix, and dissolve. Three table-spoons to 
be taken immediately, and repeated every four hours, till the bowels 
act, and the heat of the body is reduced. 

Where the symptoms are urgent, one of the following pills should 
be taken with each dose of the mixture : 

Take of compound colocynth pill, 1 scr.; calomel, 8 grs.; ipecac- 
uanha, 3 grs. Mix, and make into a mass, which is to be divided into 
six pills. 

If, after a free action of the bowels, the head-symptoms continue 
severe, the temples are to be cupped, or six leeches applied to each 
temple, a cold lotion of vinegar and water, or powdered ice, placed on 
the head, bottles of hot water to the feet, and, if necessary, mustard 
poultices to the thighs. 

Concurrent with these remedies, the breasts are to be fomented 
with flannels dipped in hot water, the milk carefully drawn oft' by the 
nurse, or a breast-pump, or, what is still better, when it can be ob- 
tained, by a blind pupp3% till such time as the child can be applied to 
the breast with safety. During this period, the patient's room is to be 
kept cool, and she herself supplied with only farinaceous foods, and 
warm, diluent drinks, such as barley water, or balm tea. 

MENSES, OBSTRUCTED.— Be electrified. Tried. Or, take half 
a pint of strong decoction of pennyroyal every night at going to bed. 
Or, boil five large heads of hemp in a pint of water to half. Strain 
it and drink it at going to bed, two or three nights. It seldom fails. 
Tried. — Wesley. 

MENSTRUATION.— Menstruation is a natural secretion, of a red 
color, from the womb, so named from its occurring once in a month. 
This periodical discharge appears to be for the purpose of keeping up 
sanguification, or the making of blood in the body, and a determina- 
tion thereof to the womb, for the purpose of gestation. In conse- 
quence of its not appearing at a proper period of life, of irregularity 
after it has taken place, and of its being excessive, as well as at the 
period of its cessation, many derangements in the system occur. 

The interruption of the menstrual secretion may be considered of 
two kinds : the one when it does not be^in to flow at that period of 
life in which it usually appears, which is termed Ghlorods, or Green 
Sickness; and the other when, after it has repeatedly taken place for 



Appendix to Medical Departmenf. 299 

some time, it does, from other causes than conception, cease to return 
at the usual pei'iods. 

Chlorosis, or Green Sickness. — Menstruation begins from the 
fourteenth to the sixteenth year. But the circumstance of a female 
havino; passed the age of sixteen, does not always demand medical 
aid. The date of puberty varies very widely, and one female may 
menstruate at 12, and another at 20 years of age, without tlie health 
being impaired. 

As to its causes^ it may arise from imperfect formation of the or- 
gans concerned in the function, from the want of due force in the 
action of the arteries of the womb, or some preternatural resistance 
in their extremities; from too full habit of body, from impoverish- 
ment of the blood, and from great physical debility. 

This retention produces many distressing symptoms; as, head- 
ache, flushings in the face, pain in the back and stomach, costiveness, 
furred tongue, failure of appetite, longing to eat chalk, lime, etc. The 
face loses its vivid color, and becomes of a yellowish hue; sometimes 
there is bleeding from the nose and stomach; the skin becomes pale 
and flaccid; and the feet, and sometimes part of the body, are affected 
with dropsical swelling. The breathing is hurried by any quick or 
laborious motion of the body, which sometimes occasions palpitation 
and fainting. A headache often occurs, but more certainly pains in 
the back, loins, and haunches. 

Treatment. — The strength of the system should be restored by 
exercise. Iron should be combined with some laxative medicine. If 
there is much pain, take the diaphoi'etic powder. Also infusions of 
pennyroyal, or of tansy, or blood-root, motherwort, etc. Bathe the 
feet occasionally in warm water, and rub well with a coarse flannel. 
If there is constipation, take aperient medicines. Powdered madder 
root has been recommended, say half a drachm to be taken tliree or 
four times a day in molasses or honey, drinking freely of pennyroyal 
tea. Repeat, and increase the dose, if necessary. Or it ma}' be ad- 
ministered thus : Take extract of madder, 2 drs. ; muriated tincture 
of steel, 40 drops ; bitter tincture, 2 drs.; mint water, 8 ozs. Mix. 
Three table-spoons to be taken three times a day. 

Or, give a vapor bath of a decoction of bitter herbs. Or in bed 
apply the hot brick covered with a cloth dipped in vinegar and water. 
Give bitter tonics. Steaming in a sitz bath of bitter herbs till per- 
spiration is produced, is very useful; also fomenting the abdomin, 
and applying herbs as a warm poultice. If the stomach is deranged, 
give an emetic, and a dose of mandrake, and aperients as before 
stated. When the menstrual flux begins, it should be promoted by 
the use of the hip or sitz bath. Take the dyspeptic pill, and the 
restorative bitters. 

Keep the feet alv/ays warm and dry ; avoid a cold, damp atmos- 
phere; and when the weather permits, take plenty of open-air exer- 
cise. Let the diet be light and nourishing. Do not use any promotive 
medicines in retention of the menses until there is an effort or struggle 
of nature to effect it, which may be known by the periodical pains, 
pressing down upon the hips. 

Painful Menstruation. — The pains are severe — in some cases 
extremely severe. The remedial measures are nearij'- the same as the 
preceding. On account of the pain, stillness, quiet of mind, and 
soothing remedies are rendered indispensable. Adopt the remedies 
prescribed for the retention of the menses: and take now and then 
from 10 to 20 drops of laudanum in a little Holland gin diluted with 



300 Appendix to Medical Department. 

pennyroyal tea. Let the patient lie in bed. Apply hot fomentations 
to the lower part of the back; and if the pain is excessive, flannels 
dipped in hot water, wrung out, and sprinkled with spirits of turpen- 
tine. Sponge the body well with tepid salt and water every morning, 
and apply fiiction with a flesh brush, or coarse towel. Regulate the 
bowels, if costive, by one of the aperients. Hops boiled in vinegar, 
and applied to the abdomen, often give relief ; so does the tincture of 
black cohosh, about half a tea-spoon three times a day in a little 
sweetened water. 

Profuse Menstruation. — The flow of the menses is considered im- 
moderate when it recurs more frequently, when it continues longer, 
or when, during the ordinary continuance, it is more abundant than is 
usual with the same person at other times. It is not, however, every 
inequality that is to be considered a disease, but only those deviations, 
that are excessive in degree, which are permanent, and induce a mani- 
fest state of debility. 

When a large flow of the menses has been preceded by headache, 
giddiness, or difiiculty of breathing, and has been ushered in by a 
cold shivering^ with much pain in the back and loins, frequent pulse, 
heat, and thirst, it may then be considered preternaturally large; and 
the face becomes pale, the pulse weak, an unusual debility is felt on 
exercise, the breathing hurried by much motion, and the back is pained 
in an erect posture; the extremities are frequently cold, and in the 
evening the feet swell. General nervousness, with affections of the 
stomach, frequent faintings, and a weakness of mind, liable to strong 
emotion from slight causes, when suddenly presented, are also attend- 
ant sj-mptoms. 

It is produced by a preternatural determination of blood to the 
womb, or a plethoric state of the body, from high living, strong 
liquors, over-exertion (particularly dancing), violent passions of the 
mind, application of cold to the feet, frequent abortions or child-bear- 
ing, and whatever will induce great laxit}^ as living much in warm 
chambers, and especially drinking much of warm, enervating liquors, 
such as tea and coffee. 

Treatment. — Remove immediately all exciting causes of this 
disease. The flux must not be stopped, but moderated ; avoid an erect 
posture, and external heat, as warm chambers, and soft beds; by 
using a light, cool, and unexciting diet; by obviating costiveness, as 
before directed ; or use castor oil and lenitive electuarj^ ; the external 
and internal use of astringents, to constringe the vessels of the womb, 
as the application of cloths sprinkled with vinegar and water over the 
region of the womb; and three table-spoons of the following mixture 
every three or four hours : Red rose-leaves, 3^ oz.; infuse in 1 pt of 
boiling water, till cold; then strain; add elixir of vitriol, 60 drops, 
tincture of rhatany, 1 oz. A gentle emetic may be of great service. 
The diaphoretic powdei-, also, is of great service in this case. An in- 
jection of cold water into the rectum may check an immoderate flow. 

Obstructed Menstruation. — It is often caused by exposure to cold 
during tlie menstrual discharge, by wet feet, cold bathing, great men- 
tal fear and anxiety, etc., just before the periodical time of discharge. 
The obstruction injures the health, if it continues two or three periods. 

Give tlie composition powder, or the diaphoretic powder, when 
the patient is in bed, and place bricks covered with vinegar and water 
cloths to the feet and sides, or give the vapor bath. Take also Peru- 
vian bark infused in port wine. In short, use the same means as pre- 
scribed under "Chlorosis." Take also the female pill. 



Appendix to Medical Department. 301 

PREGNANCY.— By this term is understood the development of 
the ovum in the uterus, or the time that elapses between the first im- 
pregnation of the embryo till the full term of its uterine gestation or 
development, atid its expulsion from that organ into the world to carry 
on a separate existence. The usual period assigned to this process of 
development is nine calendar months, forty weeks, or 280 days. Few 
women, however, are always alike in this respect; in some cases the 
period exceeding that term, in others falling short of it. There are 
only two diseases that can be mistaken for pregnancy, and those only 
for a certain length of time — those of dropsy of the abdomen {ascites)^ 
and ovarian dropsy; from both it may, however, be distinguished by 
the absence of the round tumor felt after the fourth montii in preg- 
nancy, by the swelling being more diffuse in dropsy, and the corres- 
ponding emaciation of the body; and by the absence of the morning 
sickness, the general lilling out of the body, and the enlargement of 
the breasts in pregnancy, and finally by the unchangea state of the 
nipples, and the absence of all motion of the child in the others. The 
stethoscope, however, will in both cases soon put the fact beyond dis- 
pute. 

The indications or signs of pregnancy are divided into the general 
and particular, or the constitutional and local. The most important of 
the general signs are the cessation of the cataraenia, the morning sick- 
nesses, commencing after the fifth or sixth week, and terminating 
about the end of the fourth month; heartburn, flatulence, and painful 
distension of the abdomen toward evening, demanding the loosening 
of strings and laces; and indigestion and fastidious appetite, irritabil- 
ity of temper, longings, and fanciful desires. The particular or local 
signs are : enlargement of the womb, presenting a round, firm appear- 
ance, easily felt above the pubes between the third and fourth months; 
a corresponding distension of the abdomen ; enlarged and knotty feel 
of the breasts after the tenth or twelfth week, with an itching sensa- 
tion felt in the glands ; the nipples at the same time become more 
erectile, and stand forward, their pores being enlarged and the organs 
themselves tender and irritable; the aureola or circle surrounding 
them becomes darker and broader, while the countenance assumes for 
a time a careworn appearance, the mouth and eyes are enlarged, the 
nostrils pinched, and the nose sharp; and lastly, quickening, or the 
first motion of the child felt by the mother, an event that takes place 
about the fourth mouth. 

The complaints or ailments of pregnancy are : acidity of the stom- 
ach, heartburn, flatulence, and constipation of the bowels (all of these 
more or less the result of pressure); faintings, or slight attacks of hys- 
teria ; a varicose condition of the veins of the legs; and piles, from 
pressure on the abdominal vessels; and towards the end of the preg- 
nancy, frequent cramps of the muscles of the legs and thighs. From 
the highly sensitive state of the nervous system in all women during 
pregnancy, and the remarkably susceptible condition of their minds 
and bodies, pregnant women should avoid all exciting scenes, and be 
carefully guarded from the witnessing or hearing of any object of dis- 
gust or repulsion. They should at the same time avoid all risk of in- 
fection, for though they may escape the disease of which it may be the 
emanation, the child may be seriously aifected by it in the woinb, and 
on its birth exhibit all the symptoms. It is by no means an unusual 
cii-cumstance for an infant to be born with small-pox fuU)^ developed, 
the mother having herself entirely escaped the disease, to which she 
may have been some time previously exposed. Her mind should be 



302 Appendix to Medical Department. 

kept occupied as far as possible with healthy, pleasurable imaj]:e8, 
cheerful but not exciting conversation or company, and her eye sur- 
rounded with objects of g^race and beauty. 

The diet of the preojiant woman sliould be light, easy of diges- 
tion, and supporting, but at the same time simple. She should take as 
much moderate exercise as her strength and condition will permit, and 
she should — especially in the later period— take frequent rest in the 
recumbent posture on a sofa; go to bed early; toward the end of her 
time, take some portion of her breakfast in bed; and in the morning, 
be careful not to rise too quickly to the sitting position, or sickness, or 
indeed fainting, may ensue : these directions are particularly necessary 
with delicate and very sensitive constitutions. Sponging the lower 
part of the abdomen and thighs with vinegar and water will be found 
both grateful and necessary during the last month, while to prevent 
chafing the violet powder will prove an agent of great benefit. See 
" Womb." 

PREMATURE BIRTH OR LABOR.— After the seventh month, 
the womb is very easily excited to put on its expulsive action from 
very trivial causes, and from this reason great care sliould be taken by 
the female to avoid any sudden jar to the system, or any strong emo- 
tion to the mind. The stepping from a single step in coming down 
stairs, the inconsiderate vivacity of young wives in jumping from a 
chair, or lifting some heavy piece of furniture, even the turning of a 
bed, will in many instances bring on a premature labor, and thus all 
the previous care and attention is thrown away, and the life of both 
infant and mother jeopardized by a premature birth, for in such cases 
there is frequently very serious hemorrhage. Another evil attending 
this kind of labor is, that if it happens with a first child, there is a 
great probability that such a misfortune may occur at the same time in 
the next pregnancy, without any accident to cause it. 

A premature birth is a labor between the seventh and ninth 
month, or at any time during the last seven or eight weeks of the 
pregnancy. In cases of a malformation of the pelvis, or pelvis and 
spine, but particularly where the inner margin of the pelvis is unnat- 
urally small or narrow — too confined, in fact, to permit the passage of 
the fetal head — it becomes the duty of the surgeon, who lias previously 
satisfied himself on this point, to produce premature laboi-, so that the 
head, before becoming fully developed, may pass through the pelvis, 
and, whether dead or alive, the fetus be expelled, and the womb re- 
lieved of its burden. 

WOMB, THE.— (^C/JIerws.J — If we regard this organ according to 
the functions it performs in the animal economy, we must consider it 
as the most important of all the structures in the female body. In 
shape the womb is of a pyramidal form, or like a flattened pear, which, 
both in size and figure, it very much resembles, being, in its normal 
state, between three and four inches in length, and two and a half in 
breadth at its upper portion, and weighing from half an ounce to two 
ounces. 

Tlie womb lies in front of the abdominal viscera, covered by the 
'peritoneum, or investing membrane of the cavity, and is retained in its 
place by elastic bands, called the round ligaments, the other extremi- 
ties of which pass out of the abdomen through the anterior openings in 
the pelvis, and terminate in the fascia covering the inner side of the 
thigh. From the broad or upper i)ortion of the womb depends on 
either side a long, hollow passage, called xXie fallopian tabe, the end of 
each tube being rather deeply notched or scalloped, and called by 



Appendix to Medical £)epartme?tt. 303 

anatomists the Jiinbriated extremity. By means of tlie elastic bands of 
the broad and other ligaments, the womb is allowed to float with per- 
fect freedom in the abdomen, its lower end or apex beino^ attaclied to 
the vagina by what is called the neck or cervex of the womb, so that the 
actual mouth of the organ, the os uteri, or, as it is sometimes denomi- 
nated, the OS tincce, projects into the vagina. 

The womb is a partly membranous and partly muscular b:ig, hav- 
ing an opening on either side at its upper portion, leading into the 
fallopian tubes, and another at the apex or mouth, where it terminates 
in the vagina. The womb is supplied with glands, bk)od-vessels, and 
lymphatics, and a perfect net-work or plexus of nerves; indeed, in 
respect of nerves, the uterus is more abundantly supplied than any 
other organ of the body. In the unimpregnated state, and at the age 
of puberty, it only weighs about three or four ounces, while during the 
last month of pregnancy its weight is between three and four pounds; 
the vessels, also, which in the former condition are extremely small, be- 
come, when impregnated, large and distended, like main trunks. Di- 
rectly conception takes place, the womb begins to enlarge, the place7ita 
is formed, the embryo falls from one or other of the fallopian tubes, 
and becomes attached by what is afterwards called the funis, or navel- 
string, to the center of the placenta, tlie organ increasing in size and 
weight till within a few days of tlie labor; as soon as that process 
occurs, it immediately contracts, and in a few days recovers its natural 
size. The womb performs three distinct functions, those of menstrua- 
tion, conception, and parturition, or the expulsion of tlie foetus or 
child. About the fourth month of pregnancy the womb rises out of 
the pelvis into the abdomen, where it attains its fullest dimensions, and 
remains till within a day or two of labor, when the abdominal tumor, 
as tiie gravid uterus is called, subsides again into the pelvis. 

Womb— Diseases of the. — The womb, like the other organs of the 
body, is liable both to acute and chronic inflammations, to several 
functional derangements, to accidents of displacement and injury, and 
also to tumors, ulceration, and cancerous aflections. 

Inflaminatiou of the Womb, or Metritis. — The causes of this 
serious disease are either coid applied to the part, the irritation conse- 
quent on the use of over-stimulating injections, the long-continued 
suppression of the natural discharge, or arises from blows, falls, and 
difficult and instrumental labors. 

The symptoms are nearly those of all inflammations of the abdom- 
inal organs — pain, increased by pressure; fever, nausea, vomiting, and 
great tension; while the more distinctive symptoms are excessive 
tenderness at the neck of the womb, extending to the loins and thighs, 
and a great prostration of strength. 

The treatment should begin with a warm bath, hot fomentations, 
or the hip bath; bleeding, both from the arm and by leeches or cup- 
ping-glasses from the abdomen. The French practice of applying from 
twelve to eighteen leeches to the pudenda, peringeum, and internal 
parts of the vagina, has of late years obtained great favor in this 
country among medical men, and wlien they can induce their patients 
to submit to their employment; there can be no question to the sound 
principle of the practice. Besides these depleting means, a blister, or 
counter-irritant by means of a mustard poultice, must be applied over 
the lower part of the abdomen, saline purgatives given, and the fol- 
lowing powders employed, relieving the heat and the difficulty of 
making water bylinseedtea, or any thin diluent, as a general beverage: 

Take of powdered nitre, 2 scrs. ; calomel, 36 grs. ; tartar emetic, 6 



304 Appendix to Medical Department, 

grs. ; powcleretl opium, 12 grs. Mix thoroughly, and divide into twelve 
powders; one to be given every three hours. 

Chronic Metritis, or luflaniinationof the Womb, very often arises 
from the acute form having been badly treated or improperly neglected, 
and is generally that condition of the organ that gives rise to ulceration, 
suppuration^ and membranous inflammation ; to enlargement, indura- 
Hon of the mucous follicles^ and scirrhus of the neck of the womb; be- 
sides causing other structural lesions. As all these diseases are of a 
surgical character, assume different shapes, may be single or compli- 
cated, and, moreover, demand a personal examination to guide the 
practitioner in selecting the remedial means, it is quite impossible to 
lay down any system of treatment for diseases that may require an 
alteration every day, and different measures for different patients. 
The Functional Affections of the womb, however, are of more general 
importance than the organic, and to tliese we shall now direct our at- 
tention, in the following order: 

SUSPEXDED MENSTRUATION.— r^wieworr/i^a.;— This condi- 
tion may depend upon two causes — an excess of blootl in the organ 
itself or in the system, or f I'om plethora ; or it may depend on poor and 
too little blood, upon organic debility, or ancemia or chlorosis, in other 
words, on a condition of bloodlessness. 

Though the natural discharge is generally so necessary to the 
health and happiness of women, cases occur where females pass 
through a long life in perfect health, and actually bring up large 
families, who have never menstruated, or experienced any inconven- 
ience from the absence of the secretion. Such cases, however, are the 
exceptions to the rule, that the health, physical and mental, depends 
on the due performance by the womb of its first natural function. 

The syrnptoms aie laguor, debility, loss of appetite, and general 
functional derangement; loss of spirits; indifference to all exercise or 
exertion; hot flushes and cold chills frequently distress the patient; 
the eyes look dull and heavy, and have a dark circle lound their orbits; 
the flesh feels soft and flabby, and the countenance assumes a green or 
yellowish tint; hence the name, given to this form of the disease, of 
green sickness. In addition to these sjmiptoms, there is usually thirst, 
pain in the head, and cold extremities, and often swollen feet and legs. 

The treatment in the plethoric form consists in bleeding, both from 
the arm and the part; 6 ounces of blood being taken from the system, 
with six or nine leeches round the external parts; using the warm 
bath, and purgatives of aloetic and colocynth pills, and afterwards 
giving the following emmenagogue mixture, while keeping the feet 
warm, using friction night and morning over the loins and abdomen, 
and by the daily employment of the hip bath. 

Emmenagogue Mixture. — Take of infusion of pennyroyal, 7 
ozs.; sweet spirits of nitre, 3 drs. ; spirits of iuniper, % oz ; tincture of 
cantharides, 1 dr. Mix; three table-spoons to be taken twice a day, or 
two table-spoons three times in twenty-four hours. When the sup- 
pression arises from anfK/ma, the treatment consists in the warm hip 
bath; the employment of steel and other tonics; electricitj^, when it 
can be obtained, or the wearing of an electric chain ; friction night and 
morning along the lower part of the spine; and acting on the bowels 
by aloetic pills Some medical men apply a few leeches both to the 
vulva and round the nipples on the breast, as stimulants to the uterus; 
these means should be followed by the above mixtnre, and by such 
remedies as are prescribed under "Chlorosis," which see. This disease 
is often accompanied by what are called vicarious discharges of blood 



Appendix to Medical Department. 305 

from the lungs, nose, bowels, or stomach, — efforts of nature to unload 
the system of the diseased accumulation. 

Paiuful liL^\\%ixvi2A\{s\\,—(I>ysm.emrrlicca.)—'Yl\\.^ symptoms of this 
affection are pains in the loins, spreading down the groins and thighs, 
and over the abdomen, with darting colicy pains, and sometimes vom- 
iting and diarrhea, and burning heat in voiding the contents of the 
bladder, particularly severe about the urethra; the nervous system is 
often more or less affected, and there is often hysteria; these symptoms 
go on increasing till the usual period for the discharge arrives, when 
they subside or gradually pass off as the catamenia makes its appear- 
ance, which is sometimes abundant, at others scanty, and attended 
with a tenacious secretion from the coats of the uterus. 

The treatment consists in relieving the urgent symptoms, and pre- 
venting their recurrence. The first object will be achieved by the 
frequent use of the warm hip bath, a few leeches applied externally, 
by fomentations to the part, and by the following mixture : 

Take of powdered nitre, 1 scr.; camphor water, 6 ozs. ; laudanum, 
l^^drs. Mix; two table-spoons to be taken every six hours. The second 
object will be effected by attention to the state of the patient's 
bowels, and by giving steel wine, carbonate of iron, or a course of 
chalybeate waters during the intervening periods of the discharge. 

immoderate Meustniatioii, or Flow of the Secretion.— fifewor- 
rZicea. J— The menstruation is said to be immoderate when it returns 
every ten or fourteen days, or more frequently than usual; when it 
continues longer than its"^ natural time, or is more abundant than it 
should be or is customary with the female. This disease may arise 
from a plethoric or debilitated state of the system. 

The symptoms, when it proceeds from a fullness of body, are shiv- 
ering, acute pains in the head and loins, a turgid or flushed counte- 
nance, with great heat of body and irritation of the skin, the pulse 
being hard and bounding When debility is the exciting cause the 
body is cold and pale, the flesh feeling relaxed and soft, the breathing 
short and difficult, the least exertion producing exhaustion; the face is 
pallid and anxious, and the pulse small and feeble. It is only in the 
latter form that menorrh(Ba is ever dangerous or fatal. 

The treatment in the plethoric form consists in reducing the febrile 
symptoms by general bleeding, by saline purgatives, acidulated diluent 
drinks, and the means proper to an inflammatory state of the system; 
by the avoidance of all exertion, keeping the patient in the horizontal 
postiire, and by the use of the following mixture and powders: 

Purgative Mixture. — Take of infusion of rose leaves, 6 ozs.; 
Epsom salts, 1 oz. ; diluted sulphuric acid, 30 drops. Mix; the fourth 
part to be taken every night and morning. 

Astringent Powders. — Take of sugar of lead, 30 grs. ; powder- 
ed kino, 20 grs. Mix, and divide into six powders, one to be taken 
every four hours; or seven drops of the muriated tincture of iron in a 
little water may be substituted every four hours for the powders. 
When debility is present, in addition to the astringent powders just 
prescribed, or the tincture of iron, the patient must take tonics, or such 
a mixture as the following: 

Tonic Mixture. — Take of cascarilla, 2 drs. ; canella bark, 2 drs. ; 
boiling water, 6 ozs.; infuse for four hours, and add: quinine, 20 grs.; 
diluted sulphuric acid, 30 drops. Mix; one table-spoon to be taken 
every three hours. 

In both cases cold applications should be applied to the lower part 
of the abdomen, bottles of hot water to the feet, and decoction of oak 



3o6 Appendix to Medical Department. 

"bark, or an astringent lotion of sn<^ar of lead, used as an injection by 
the vagina twice a day. 

Sudden Suppression. — This is more frequently the consequence 
of cold applied in some form to the feet or body, or it may arise from 
g'reat mental excitement. From wliatever cause, the result is very 
liLirtfnl to the system, and may lead to serious consequences. To re- 
store the discharoe as quickly as possible, a hot hip bath, warm fomen- 
tations, and bottles of hot water to the feet are among the tirst means 
to be adopted. A dessert-spoon of white mustard seed is a favorite 
remedy with many females, and often a most eifectual one; a more 
certain means, however, is half a cup of pennyroyal tea, with a tea- 
spoon of spirits of niire, twice a day. 

Cessation of the Menstrual Discharge. — The period when this 
natural secretion determines is the most important and critical in the 
life of a woman. The number of females who suffer any constitu- 
tional disturbance when the catamenia commences is few indeed com- 
pared with those wdio experience inconvenience and suft'ering at its 
cessation ; as the coming on of this secretion is an evidence of the 
healthy state of the womb to perform the great function of reproduc- 
tive life, so its decline shows that it has ceased to be capable of per- 
forming that important duty. Though the c/i«/i(7e o/^(/e, as this period 
is called,comes on early in some women — even at thirty-live— the average 
period in this country is between forty-four and titty. Great irregu- 
larity takes place in the periodic discharge for some time before the 
final cessation occurs, the female usually experiencing sudden flushes 
of heat, irritability of the skin, a sense of fulness in the head, with 
headache and other evidences of constitutional disturbance; this is the 
time when, if there are any functional or organic diseases existing, 
they are likely to be increased or rendered incurable ; and when women 
of robust health are attacked with bad legs, and become debilitated, 
while others, again, rally from constitutional weakness, and enjoy 
better health for the remainder of their lives. The time is particularly 
critical to those females who have any swellings or tumors on the 
breast, or anj'' disease of the uterus or of its appendages, as cancerous 
degenerations are particularly liable to follow or accompany this 
change of life. With the majority of women, however, the cessation 
of the catamenia is a period of benefit, — the body fills out, the mind 
becomes more tranquil, and the spii'its, with the bodily strength, rise 
in due proportion. Some persons consider a long course of medicines 
to be imperatively called foi' at this period, but such is by no means 
generally necessary. Attention to the state of the bowels by occasional 
doses of rhubarb and colocynth pills, or such as the following, with a 
warm bath; care in keeping the skin in a soft and healthy state, and 
guai'ding the feet from cold and wet, are all the remedies or precau- 
tions, as a general rule, that are called for. 

Aperient Pills for Females.— Take of compound extract of 
colocynth, 1 dr. ; powdered aloes, 24 grs ; powdered rhubarb, 18 grs. ; 
powdered ginger, 1 scr. ; extract of hyoscyamus, 3^ dr.; oil of caraway, 
8 drops. Mix, and divide into thirty pills; two to be taken at bedtime 
wlien rcquiied. 
(^.vij Floiir Albus (Leucorrhoea) or The Whites. — Though this dis- 

^ '; charge from the vagina and uterus is named from its general color be- 
iuii- white, it is very often of a yellow, brown, or even greenish hue, 
and varies from a limpid fluid to a tenacious, ropy discharge that may 
be a mere exudation, or amount to several ounces in every twenty-four 
hours. The general healtli usually suflers when this discharge takes 



Appendix to Medical Department. 307 

place, giving rise to headache, loss of appetite, languor, and debility, 
with weary pains in the back and down tlie thigiis; the bowels are 
more or less deranged, and there is often palpitation and hysterical fits. 
From the age of tifteen all females are liable to this exhausting com- 
plaint; and some, indeed, are to a certain extent never completely free 
from it. 

The treatment consists in a strict attention to the state of the bowels, 
a course of tonics, botli mineral and vegetable, exercise in the open air, 
and, when the strength will admit of it, cold sea bathing; regular hours 
for meals and exercise, going to bed early, and by change of scene and 
air. Port wine and stout are often of the utmost consequence, but 
spirits or powerful stimulants are seldom necessary. Concurrent with 
tonics, a judicious diet, and the general regimen given, must be a 
course of local treatment, such as the daily use of the cold fresh or salt 
water hip-bath, and the alternate weekly employment of one or other 
of the following articles or prescriptions as injections for the vagina: 

No. 1. Decoction of oak bark. 

2. Decoction of red Peruvian bark. 

3. Decoction of logwood. 

4. Decoction of jjomegranate bark. 

5. One pint of cold water, in which three drachms of alum 

have been dissolved. 

6. One drachm of white vitriol dissolved in a pint of water. 

7. An infusion of gall-nuts, made by infusing for six hours 

three drachms of bruised galls in a pint of boiling water, 
and adding to the liquor, when cold and strained, one 
drachm of powdered alum. 

8. A pint of cold water, mixed with one ounce and a half of 

tincture of catechu. 

Injections of this nature should seldom be used more than twice a 
day, three large syringefuls being thrown up at every time. The 
strength of each preparation can be increased whenever necessary. 
Sometimes leucorrhoea continuesso long that it assumes some of the 
characters of a gleet; in such cases, when neither tonics to the system, 
nor astringents to the part will aftbrd permanent relief, it is necessary 
to give cubebs or copaiba, the former in half-drachm doses of the pow- 
der three times a day, and a small tea-spoon of the latter in mucilage 
twice a day, with a wine glass of the infusion of uv>a iirsi every six 
hours. Some medical men prefer a piece of the finest and softest 
sponge, well soaked in the lotion, as an application in preference to the 
syringe, as a more certain method of etfecting the object sought by the 
injection. 

The womb is sometimes subject to very serious displacements; of 
these the most noticeable are : 

Inversion of the Uterus.— A condition in which the organ is in a 
measure turned inside out; there are two forms of this accident, — the 
imperfect, and complete. In the former, the upper portion or fundus of 
the womb foils down into the cavity as far as the neck of the uterus; 
in the later, the inversion is carried still farther, passes the mouth of 
the womb and the vagina, and descends, in some cases, even to the 
thighs, thus forming a complete case of procidentia uteri. Inversion 
seldom occurs except at or after labor, and though it may follow the 
placenta in women of verj^ relaxed and delicate constitutions, it is very 
frequently induced by rough, unskilful management during confine- 
ment. 

The treatment is to restore tne organ, by gentle and judicious 



3o8 Appendix to Medical Department, 

manipulation, to its natural position; enjoin absolute rest to the patient 
on the back for some time, with the hips slightly raised; and before 
the female is allowed to stand, employ the use of a pessary. Of the 
danger that may accrue from this state of the uterus it is unnecessary 
to speak, as only a surgeon can minister to such an accident. 

Retroversionof the Womb is a bending backwards and down- 
wards of the top or fundus of the organ, in such a manner as to fix the 
overlapping part between the sacrum, or rectum, and the vagina, the 
latter organ being pressed upwards and forwards, while the bhidcler is 
lifted up towards tlie abdomen, or else compressed on the pubic bones. 
This kind of accident generally occurs about the third month of preg- 
nancy, and is very difficult to detect; indeed, it can only be ascertained 
by an examination. 

The treatment is in the first instance, to open the bowels — which, 
in consequence of the pressure, are always confined — by a succession of 
emollient nijections, and empty the bladder by the catheter; the patient 
being then placed on her hands and knees, the surgeon endeavors to 
push the organ back into its position. 

Polypi of the Womb. — The peculiar pyramidal shaped tumors of 
this character attecting tlie womb vary in size from that of a little 
finger to a child's head, and are found at the fundus, or top, on the 
inner side of the neck, or at the lower edge of the mouth of the uterus. 
When small, they neither create pain nor interfere generally with the 
natural function of the organ, though when they are large, or bleed, 
they become a frequent cause of miscarriage. Unmarried females are 
equally subject to this complaint with matrons; and, unfortunately, 
these morbid growths are by no means rare, and as they are not only 
the cause of frequent hemorrhage, but often protrude Into the vagina, 
they became a source of constant sufiering and irritation ; their re- 
moval, therefore, when possible, should always be eftected. 

Treatment. — This, and cancer of the womb, are the only dis- 
eases that demand the use of the speculum, as without the dilatation 
and light that instrument aflbrds, the surgeon would be unable to apply 
the ligatures round the polypi, use the knife for their excision, or em- 
ploy the caustic, the only radical means of extirpating such morbid 
growths. 

Dropsy of the Womb. — This is a very rare disease, and very often 
confounded with a much more frequent alfection, that of — 

Dropsy of the Ovaries. — Ovarian di-opsy may occur on either side 
of the body, and is most frequently met with in unmarried females. It 
is seldom that more than one ovary is aftected, the coat or membrane of 
the one that takes on the diseased action gradually enlarging, and 
wdiich being a long time free from pain, is unnoticed or disregarded. 
The fimbriated extremities of the fallopian tubes cont^uning the ovaria 
being deeply seated in either groin, it is in that direction that the first 
evidence of the disease shows itself; but the swelling or pufliness, giv- 
ing no pain, is unnoticed, till the tumor enters the abdomen, when, 
pressing on the bladder, or some other organ, it begins to cr.use incon- 
venience, which increases with the distension. As the tumor mounts 
still higher, and has more room, the enlargement rapidly increases, 
when to the physical pain is added the mental sufiering consequent on 
the protuberance giving the unfortunate patient the appearance of be- 
ing in the family w^ay. Constipation, irritation of the bladder, loss of 
appetite, a sense of dragging or bearing down, soon after follows, \At\\ 
many of the S3anptonis of pregnancy; and it is only when months, and 
often years, have i^assed by that even intimate friends will believe that 



Appendix to Medical Department 309 

disease, and not immorality, has caused the altered appearance of the 
patient. 

This disease is apt to be mistaken for dropsy of the belly, and for 
pregnancy. From the latter it can be distinguished by the tumor al- 
ways commencing, and for a long time remaining, in the side, by the 
absence of the morning sickness, the unchanged state of the breasts, 
and by the length of time. From dropsy of the belly it is chiefly dis- 
tinguished by the absence of the emaciation and careworn countenance 
peculiar to ascites. 

Treatment. — Unfortunately for the credit of science, no means 
have yet been discovered to benefit this disease; the only palliation yet 
found has been to leave the tumor alone as long as possible, and then 
draw off the water by atrochar and canulla; fill the sac with wine and 
water, or a solution of iodine, and treat it like hydrocele; almost every 
operation undertaken to remove this encysted tumor, though performed 
with humanity and skill by Lizars, Liston, Smye, and the first surgeons 
in Europe, has proved unfortunate or fatal. 

WHITES, OR LEUCORRfl(EA, (Fluor Albus).— This disease is 
peculiar to females. It is indicated by a morbid secretion of mucus 
from the passage leading to the womb, termed vagina. It varies, in 
appearance, consistence, and quantity, in different persons. Women 
of delicate constitution, debilitated by hard labors, miscarriages, grief, 
poor living, and of an erysipelatous habit, generally termed scorbutic, 
are most subject to it, and in them it proves very obstinate. 

It is the effect both of relaxation and inflammatory excitement. 

Treatment. — When it arises from relaxation, the tonic pills will 
generally succeed in affecting a cure. Cold bathing or the local appli- 
cation of cold water, is a good remedy for this disease, and should be 
used every morning, provided the patient be free from cough or diffi- 
culty of breathing, and not subject to a determination of blood to the 
brain. 

If the discharge continue after the employment of these means, an 
astringent lotion may be used; as the following: Take of pomegran- 
ate-rind, bruised, 3 drs. ; boil in a quart of water to a pint and a half; 
then strain, and add alum, 1% ^^^' '-To be injected by means of a 
female syringe. 

G ive an emetic and a vapor bath occasionally. If the stools are of 
a pale clay or very dark color, or the patient be subject to erysipelas, 
or eruption of the skin, take a little rhubarb and magnesia every other 
night for about ten days. 

When fluor albus occurs in a person of a robust and sanguine 
habit, it may be considered of an inflammatory nature; in which case, 
instead of tonic medicines above recommended, the patient should take 
every other morning, 2 drs. of Epsom salts, and 10 grs. of nitre pow- 
der, with 15 of gum-arabic powder, in a glass of barley-water three 
times a day; which, with a low diet, (free from all kinds of stimu- 
lants,) will succeed in curing it. To these remedies, the application of 
cold water, will be a powerful auxiliary. 

When the discharge is of an ichorous nature, and of a dark or 
yellowish color, and attended with pain in the region of the womb, or 
with irritation, burning heat, difficulty or heat of urine, troublesome 
itching, a sense of bearing down, and a frequent inclination to evac- 
uate; pains on the approach, or during the time of menstruation; and 
particularly^ if pieces of coagulated blood (generally termed clots) 
are discharged; some organic disease of the womb maybe suspected, 
especially if they occur about the time of the cessation of the menstrual 
discnarge. 



3IO . Appendix to Medical Department, 

The buchu leaves are a good remedy for this disease, and in 
many cases of long standin^r, the tincture, in the dose of two tea-spoon- 
fuls, in a wine-glass of the decoction of marshmallow root, has 
succeeded in curing the disease, and improving tlie general health. 
In obstinate cases it may be given in an infusion of tlie leaves, in lieu 
of the decoction of marshwallow root. 

The diet must depend on the general health' of the patient. If she be 
weakly, and of a delicate constitution, it should be nourishing and easy 
of digestion, such as blanc mange, andthcTegetable and animal jellies, 
with a small portion of meat; a little good Port or Sherry may also be 
allowed, but water should be adopted in lieu of malt liquor; but if the 
complaint be attended with much irritation or pain on making water, 
it will be advisable to avoid pepper and much salt, but not otherwise. 

Mr. Wesley recommends the following: Live chastely; feed 
sparingly; use exercise constantly; sleep moderately, but never lying 
on your back. Take 8 grs. of jalap every eight days. This usually 
cures in five weeks. 

Or, make Venice turpentine, flour, and finesugar, equal quantities, 
into small pills. Take three or four of these morning and evening. 
This also cures most pains in the back. Or, take yellow resin, pow- 
dered, 1 oz. ; conserve of roses, y^ oz. ; powdered rhubarb, 3 drs. ; 
syrup, a sutlicient quantity to make an electuary. Take a large tea- 
spoonful of this twice a day, in a cup of comf rey-root tea. 

CHILDREN, DISEASES OF.— The attention of mothers cannot 
be too early called to the fact that each stage in the growth of children 
from infancy to youth, is liable to diseases and ailments peculiar, or to 
a certain extent so, to their age, and that according to the negligence 
or care bestowed on their moral and physical health and training as 
children, and emphatically while under tlie responsible tution of their 
mothers, will depend much of the intellectual virtue or depravity, and 
the bodily strength or debility, on which the future happiness or 
misery of the grown man or woman will depend. Of these maternal 
duties we shall have more to say when we come to the subject apper- 
taining to Mothers; at present we have to do with childhood. 

All children, from their extremely delicate organization, are more 
susceptible of changes of heat and cold than adults, and at the same 
time are much sooner influenced by medicine, and more easily depress- 
ed, than the fully matured; but on the other hand, they rally much 
quicker from all depressing influences. On account of these facts, 
children should always be well and amply clothed; not according to the 
vanity or caprice of their parents (who, from the idea that plenty of 
air admitted to the emaciated limbs of their children is conducive to 
their growth, dress them like young Highlanders in the depth of 
winter), but according to the severity or mildness of the season, in 
befltting apparel. Again, all strong or drastic drugs should be with- 
held from children, — such as elaterium, Croton oil, Epsom salts, gam- 
boge, and, in fact, all violent purgative medicines. Another fact, 
connected with this subject is, that nearly all the afifections of childhood 
take their origin from, or are dependent on, some mischief in the 
stomach or bowels; this truth must be familiar to all mothers, who 
cannot fail to have noticed the almost magical improvement which will 
take place in a young child from the operation of a simple aperient 
powder, when, an hour before, the symptoms threatened most serious 
consequences. The information obtained from this fact is, that 
though violent purgatives are injurious to childhood, mild ajierient 
medicines are hardly ever out of place with young patients, and will 



Appendix to Medical Department, 311 

often ward off, if not cure — when given in time — a serious disease. 
Equally inadmissable in childhood are stimulants; the natural vivacity 
of children rendering wines and spirits — except in rare and peculiar 
cases — most injurious; air, exercise, and a sufficiency of wholesome 
food, being the only stimulants ever required by children. We have 
already said that every stage of juvenile life is more or less subject to 
its own class of ailments; thus, in early infancy we find the red gum, 
thrush, and diarrhea; from the sixth to the eighteenth month the 
many affections springing from teething show themselves, infantile 
remittent fever, and inflammation of the lungs. From two to seven 
years, the more particularly infantile diseases are developed, as glass 
pox, scarlet fever, measles, croup, whooping cough, mumps, worms, 
and that train of evils attending the presence of those parasites; 
mesenteric disease, and water on the head, with other minor maladies. 

For the history and treatment of each disease mentioned, consult 
the article under its proper name. 

Children. — Happy indeed is the child who, during the first period 
of its existence, is fed upon no other aliment than the milk of its 
mother, or that of a healthy nurse. If other food becomes necessary 
before the child has acquired teeth, it ought to be of a liquid form; 
for instance, biscuits or stale bread boiled in an equal mixture of milk 
and water, to the consistence of a thick soup; but by no means even 
this in the first week of its life. 

Flour or meal ought never to be used for soup, as it produces viscid 
humors, instead of a wholeseme nutritious chyle. 

After the first six months, weak veal or chicken broth may be given 
and also, progressively, vegetables that are not very flatulent; for 
instance, carrots, endives, spinach, parsnips, with broth, and boiled 
fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, and cherries. 

When the infant is weaned, and has acquired its proper teeth, it is 
advisable to let it have small portions of meat, and other vegetables, 
as well as dishes prepared of flour, etc., so that it may gradually 
become accustomed to every kind of strong and wholesome food. 

We ought, however, to be cautions, and not upon any account 
to allow a child pastry, confectionery, cheese, heavy dishes made of 
boiled or baked flours, onions, horseradish, mustard, smoked and salt- 
ed meat, especially pork, and all compound dishes; for the most simple 
food is the most wholesome. 

Potatoes should be allowed only in moderation, and not to be 
eaten with butter, but rather with other vegetables, either mashed up 
or in broth. 

The time of taking food is not a matter of indifference; very young 
infants make an exception; for, as their consumption of vital power is 
more rapid, they may be more frequently indulged with aliment. 

It is, however, advisable to accustom even them to a certain regu- 
larity, so as to allow them their victuals at stated periods of the day; 
for it has been observed that those children which are fed indiscrimi- 
nately through the whole day, are subject to debility and disease. The 
stomach should be allowed to recover its tone, and collect the juices 
necessary for digestion, before it is supplied with a new portion of food. 

The following order of giving food to children has been found 
proper, and conducive to their health: After rising in the morniiig, 
suppose about six o'clock, a moderate portion of lukewarm milk, with 
well baked bread, which should by no means be new ; at nine, o'clock, 
bread with some fruit, or, if fruit be scarce, a small quantity of fresh 
butter; about twelve o'clock, the dinner, of a sufficient quantity; 



31- Appendix to Afedical Department. 

between four or five o'clock, some bread with fruit, or, in winter, tlie 
jam of plums, as a substitute for fruit. 

On this occasion, children should be allowed to eat till they are 
satisfied, without surfeiting themselves, that they may not crave 
for a heavy supper, which disturbs their rest, and is productive of 
bad humors; lastly, about seven o'clock, they may be permitted a 
light supper, consisting either of milk, soup, fruit, or boiled vegetables 
and the like, but neither meat nor mealy dishes, or any article of food 
which produces flatulency; in short, they ought then to eat but little, 
and remain awake at least for an hour after it. 

It has often been contended that bread is hurtful to children ; but 
this applies only to new bread, or such as is not sufficiently baked ; for 
instance nothing can be more hurtful or oppressive than rolls, muffins 
and crumpets. Good wheaten bread, especially that baked by the 
aerated process, is extremely proper during the first j'ears of infancy; 
but that made of rye, or a mixture of wheat and rye, would be more 
conducive to health after the age of childhood. 

With respect to drink, physicians are decidedly against giving it to 
children in large quantities, and at irregular periods, whether it con- 
sists of the mother's milk, or any other equally mild liquid. 

It is improper and pernicious to keep infants continually at the 
breast; and it would be less hurtful, nay, even judicious, to let them 
cry for a few nights, rather than to fill them incessantly with milk, 
wiiich readily turns sour on the stomach, weakens the digestive organs, 
and ultmately generates scrofulous aflections. 

In the latter part of the first year, pure water may occasionally be 
given ; and if this cannot be procured, a light and well-fermented 
table beer might be substituted. Those parents who accustom their 
cliildren to drink water only, bestow on tliem a fortune, the value and 
importance of which will be sensibly felt through life. 

Many children acquire a habit of drinking during their meals; it 
would be more conducive to digestion if they were accustomed to drink 
only after having made a meal. This salutary rule is too often ne- 
glected, though it be certain tliat inundations of the stomach, during the 
mastication and maceration of the food, not only vitiate digestion, but 
they may be attended with other bad consequences; as cold drink, 
when brought in contact with the teeth previously heated, may easily 
occasion cracks or chinks in these useful bones, and pave the way for 
their carious dissolution. 

If we inquire into the cause which produces the crying of infants, 
we shall find that it seldom originates from pain, or uncomfortable 
sensations; for those who are apt to imagine that such causes must 
cdways operate on the body of an infant, are egregiously mistaken ; 
inasmuch as they conceive that the physical condition, together with 
the method of expressing sensations, is the same in infants and adults. 

It requires, however, no demonstration to prove that the state of 
the former is essentially different from that of the latter. 

In the first year of infancy, many expressions of the tender organs 
are to be considered only as efforts or manifestations of power. 

We observe, for instance, that a child, as soon it is undressed, or 
disencumbered from swaddling clothes, moves its arras and legs, and 
often makes a variety of strong exertions; yet no reasonable person 
would suppose that such attempts arise from a preternatural or 
oppressive state of the little agent. 

It is therefore equally absurd to draw an unfavorable inference 
from every inarticulate cry; because, in most instances, these vocifera- 



Appendix to Medical Department. 313 

ting sounds imply the effort which cliildren necessarily make to display 
the strength of their lungs, and exercise the organs of respiration. 

Nature has wisely ordained that by these very efforts the power 
and utility of functions so essential to life should be developed, and 
rendered more perfect with eveiy respiration. 

Hence it follows, that those over-anxious parents or nurses, who 
continually endeavor to prevent infants crying, do them a material 
injury ; for, by such imprudent mangement their children seldom or 
never acquire a perfect form of the breast, while the foundation is laid 
in the pectoral vessels for obstructions and other diseases. 

Independently of any particular causes, the cries of children, with 
regard to their general effects, are higlily beneficial and necessary. 

In the first period of life, sucli exertions are the almost only 
exercise of the infant; thus tiie circulation of the blood, and all the 
other fluids, is rendered more uniform; digestion, nutrition, and tli<* 
growth of the body are thereby promoted; and the different seci-etions, 
together with the very important oflice of tlie sicin, or insensible per- 
spiration, are ^\x\y performed. 

It is extremely improper to consider every noise of an infant as a 
claim upon our assistance, and to intrude either food or drink, with a 
view to satisfy its supposed wants. By such injudicious conduct, 
children readily acquire the injurious habit of demanding nutriment at 
improper times, and without necessity; their digestion become impair- 
ed ; and consequently, at this early age, the whole mass of the fluids 
is gradually corrupted. 

Sometimes, however, the mother or nurse removes the child from 
its couch, carries, it about, frequently in the middle of the night, and 
thus exposes it to repeated colds, which are in their effects infinitely 
more dangerous than the most violent cries. 

We learn from daily experience, that children who have been the 
least indulged, thrive much better, unfold all their faculties quicker, 
and acquire more muscular strength and vigor of mind, than those who 
have been cont?tantly favored, and treated by their parents with the 
most solicitous attention; bodily weakness and mental imbecility are 
the usual attributes of the latter. 

The first and principal rule of education ought never to be forgot- 
ten — that man is intended to be a free and independent agent; that 
his moral and phj'^sical powers ought to be spontaneously developed ; 
that he should as soon as possible be made acquainted with the nature 
and uses of all his faculties, in order to attain that degree of perfection 
which is consistent with the structure of his organs; and that he was 
not originally designed for wiiat we endeavor to make of him by 
artificial aid. 

Ttie greatest art in educating children consists in a continued 
vigilance over all their actions, without ever giving them an opportu- 
nity of discovering that th(iy are guided and watched. 

There are, however, instances in which the loud complaints of 
infants demand our attention. 

Thus, if their cries be unusually violent and long continued, we 
may conclude that they are troubled with colic i)ains; if, on such 
occasions, they move their arms and hands repeatedly towards the face, 
painful teething may account for the cause; and if other morbid 
phenomena accompany their cries, or if these expressions be repeated 
at certain periods of the day, we ought not to slight them, but endeavor 
to discover the proximate or remote causes. 

Infants cannot sleep too long; audit is a favorable symptom vvhen 
14 



314 Appendix to Medical Department. 

they enjoj'- a calm and long-continued rest, of which they should by no 
means be deprived, as this is the greatest support granted to them by 
nature 

A child lives comparatively much faster than an adult; its blood 
flows more radidly; eveiy stimulus operates more powerfully; and not 
only its constituent parts, but its vital resources also, are more speedily 
consumed. 

Sleep promotes a more calm and uniform circulation of the blood ; 
it facilitates the assimilation of the nutriment received, and contributes 
towards a more copious and regular deposition of alimentary mattei*, 
while the horizontal posture is the most favorable to the growth and 
development of the child. 

Sleep ought to be in proportion to the age of the infant. After 
the age six months, the periods of sleep, as well as all other animal 
functions, may in some degree be regulated; yet, even then, a child 
should be suffered to sleep the whole night, and several hours both in 
the morning and in the afternoon. 

Mothers and nurses should endeavor to accustom infants, from the 
time of their birth, to sleep in the night preferably to the day, and for 
this purpose they ought to remove all external impressions which may 
disturb their rest, such as noise, light, etc., but especially not to obey 
every call for taking them up, and giving food at improper times. 

After the second year of their age, they will not instinctively 
require to sleep in the forenoon, though after dinner it may be con- 
tinued to the third and fourth year of life, if the child shows a particu- 
lar inclination to repose; because, till that age, the full half of life 
may safely be allotted to sleep. 

From that period, however, sleep ought to be shortened for the 
space of one hour with every succeedhig year, so that a child 
of seven years old may sleep about eiglit, and not exceeding nine hours; 
til is proportion may be continued to the age of adolescence and even 
manhood. 

To awaken children from their sleep with a noise, or an impetuous 
manner, is extremely injudicious and hurtful ; nor is it proper to carry 
them from a dark room immediately into a glaring light, or against a 
dazzling wall ; for the sudden impression of light debilitates the organs 
of vision, and lays the foundation of weak eyes, from early infancy. 

A bedroom or nursery ought to be spacious and lofty, dry, airy, 
and not inhabited through the clay. 

No servants, if possible, should be suffered to sleep in the same 
room, and no linen or washed clothes should ever be hung there to dry, 
as they contaminate the air in which so considerable a portion of 
infantile life must be spent. 

The consequences attending a vitiated atmosphere in such rooms 
are serious, and often fatal. 

Feather beds should be banished from nurseries, as they are 
unnatural and debilitating contrivances. 

The windows should never be opened at night, but may be left 
open the whole daj^ in tine clear weather. 

Lastly, the bedstead must not be placed too low on the floor; nor 
is it proper to let children sleep on a couch which is made without any 
elevation from the ground ; because the most mephitic and pernicious 
stratum of air in an apartment is that witliin one or two feet from the 
floor, while the most wholesome, or atmospheric air, is in the middle of 
the room, and the inflammable g-as ascends to the top. 

COOKERY FOU CHILDREN— Food for an lufant.— Take of fresh 



Appendix to Medical Department, 315 

cow's milk, one tablespoonful, and mix with two tablespoonfuls of hot 
water; s\yeeten with loaf sugar, as much as may be agreeable. This 
quantity is sufficient for once feediuor a new-born infant; and the same 
quantity may be given every two or three hours,— .not oftener,— till 
the mother's breast aflbrds natural nourishment. 

Milk for Infants Six Months Old — Take one pint of milk one 
pmt of water; boil it and add one tablespoonful of flour. Dissolve the 
flour first in half a teacupf ul of water; it must be strained in gradually 
and boiled hard twenty minutes. As the child grows older, one-thif-d 
water. If properly made, it is the most nutritious, at the same time 
the most delicate food that can be given to young children. 

Broth, made of lamb or chicken, with stale bread toasted, and 
broken m, is safe and wholesome for the dinners of children when 
flrst weaned. 

^ 5^'^'/'*^®^ ^^°™ ^^^ ^^^' ^^^^ a very little loaf sugar, is good and 
safe food for young children. From three years old to seven, pure 
milk, into which stale bread is crumbled, is the best breakfast and 
supper tor a child. 

For a Child's Luncheon.— Good sweet butter, with stale bread is 
one ot the nutritious, at the same time the most wholesome articles of 
lood that can be given children after they are weaned. 
^ Milk Porridg-e.— Stir four tablespoonfuls of oatmeal, smoothly, 
into a quart of milk, then stir it quickly into a quart of boiling water 
and boil it up a tew minutes till it is thickened; sweeten with suo-ar 
Uatmeal, where it is found to agree with the stomach, is much better 
tor children,^ being a mild aperient as well as cleanser; fine flour in 
every shape is the reverse. Where biscuit-powder is in use, let it be 
made at home; this, at all events, will prevent them gettino- tlie 
sweepings of the baker's counters, boxes, and baskets. All the waste 
bread in the nursery, hard ends of stale loaves, etc., ought to be dried 
m the oven or screen, and reduced to powder in the mortar. 

Meats for Children.— Mutton, lamb, and poultry are the best, 
liirds and the white meat of fowls are the most delicate food of this 
kind that can be given. These meats should be slowly cooked, and no 
gravy, if made rich with butter, should be eaten by a young child 
Never give children hard, tough, half-cooked meats, of any kind. 

Vegetables for Children-Eggs, etc.-Their rice ought to be 
cooked in no more water than is necessary to swell it; their apples 
roasted, or stewed with no more water than is necessary to steam them ; 
their vegetables so well cooked as to make them require little butter, 
and less digestion; their eggs boiled slowly and soft. The boiling of 
their milk ought to be directed by the state of their bowels; if flatulent 
or bilious, a very little curry-powder may be given in their vegetables 
with good effect. Turmeric and the warm seeds (not hot peppers) are 
also particularly useful in such cases. 

Potatoes and Peas — Potatoes, particularly some kinds, are not 
easily digested by children; but this maybe remedied by mashin^ 
them vey fine, and seasoning'them with sugar and a little milk. When 
peas are dressed for children, let them be seasoned with mint and suo-ar, 
which will take off the flatulency. If they are old, let them be pulped 
as the skins are perfectly indigestible by children's stomachs. Never 
give them vegetables less stewed than would pulp through a colander. 
Kice Pudding with Fruit.— In a pint of new milk put two large 
spoonfuls of rice, well washed; then add two apples, pared and quar- 
eS^f li?^ ^ 1 7 ^"J^^ants or raisins, Simmer slowly till the rice is very 
sort, then add one ^^^ beaten, to bind it; serve with cream and sugar. 



3i6 Appendix to Medical Department 

Pjiddingrs and Pancakes for Oliildren. — Sugar and egg, browned 
before the fire, or dropped as fritters into a hot frying-pan, without fat 
will make a nourishing meal. 

To Prepare Fruit for Children.— A far more wholesome way than 
in pies or puddings, is to put apples sliced, or plums, currants, goose- 
berries, etc., into a stone jar, and sprinkle among them as much sugar 
as necessary. Set tiie jar in an oven on a hearth, with a teacupful of 
water to prevent the fruit from burning; or put the jar into a sauce- 
pan of water till its contents be perfectly done. Slices of bread or 
some rice maj" be put into the jar, to eat with the fruit. 

Rice and Apples. — Core as many nice apples as will fill the dish; 
boil them in light syrup; prepare a quarter of a pound of rice in milk 
with sugar and salt; put some of the rice in the disli, put in the apples 
and fill up the intervals with rice; bake it in the oven till it is a fine 
color. 

A Nice Apple Cake for Children. — Grate some stale bread, and 
slice about double the quantity of apples; butter the mould, and line 
it with sugar paste, and strew in some crumbs, mixed with a little 
sugar; then lay in apples, with a few bits of butter over them, and so 
continue till the dish is full; cover it with crumbs, or prepared rice ; 
season with cinnamon and sugar. Bake it well. 

Fruits for Children. — That fruits are naturally healthy in their 
season, if rightly taken, no one who believes that the Creator is a kind 
and beneficient Being can doubt. And yet the use of summer fruits 
appears often to cause most fatal diseases, especially in children. Why 
is this? Because we do not conform to the natural laws in using this 
kind of diet. These laws are very simple, and easy to understand. 
Let the fruit be ripe when you eat it; and eat when you require food. 
F.ruits that have seeds are much more wholesome than the stone fruits. 
But all fruits are better, for very young children, if baked or cooked 
in some manner, and eaten Avith bread. The French always eat bread 
with raw fruit. Apples and winter pears are very excellent food for 
children, — indeed, for almost any person in health, — but best when 
eaten for breakfast or dinner. If taken late in the evening, fruit often 
proves injurious The old saying, that apples 'AVQgold in the morning, 
silver at noon, and lead at night, is pretty near the truth. Both apples 
and pears are often good and nutritious when baked or stewed, for 
those delicate constitutions that cannot bear raw fruit. Much of the 
fruit gathered when unripe might be rendered fit for food by preserving 
in sugar. 

Ripe Currants are excellent food for children. Mash the fruit, 
sprinkle with sugar, and with good bread let theai eat of this fruit 
freely. 

Blackberry Jam. — Gather the fruit in dry weather; allow half a 
pound of good brown sugar to every pound of fruit; boil the whole 
together gently for an hour, or till the blackberries are soft, stirring 
and mashing them well. Preserve it like any other jam, audit will 
be found very useful in families, particularly for children, regulating 
their bowels, and enabling you to dispense with cathartics. It may be 
spread on bread, or on puddings; Instead of butter; and even when the 
blackberries are bought, it is cheaper than butter. In the country 
every family should preserve at least half a j)eck of blackberries. 

To Make Senna and Manna Palatable.— Take half an ounce, when 
mixed, senna and manna; put in half a pint of boiling water; when 
the strength is abstracted, pour into the liquid from a quarter to a half 
pound ot prunes and two large tablespoonf uls of West India molasses. 



- - Apptndix to Medical Department, 317 

Stew until the liquid is nearly absorbed. When cold it can be eaten 
with bread and butter, without detecting the senna, and is excellent 
for children when costive. 

DISCIPLINE OF CHILDREN.— Children should not be allowed 
to ask for the same thing twice. This may be accomplished by parents, 
teacher, or whoever may happen to have the management of them, 
paying attention to their little wants, if proper, at once, when possible. 
Children should be instructed to understand that when they are not 
answered immediately, it is because it is not convenient. Let them 
learn patience by waiting. 

Biting the Nails. — This is a habit that should be immediately 
corrected in children, as, if persisted in for any length of time, it 
permanently deforms the nails. Dipping the finger ends in some bit- 
ter tincture will generally prevent children from putting them in their 
mouth ; but if this fails, as it sometimes will, each finger end ought to 
be encased in a stall until the propensity is eradicated. 

CROUP.— This is a dangerous disease. It is common to infancy, 
and rarely occurs to adults. It is an inflammation of the larynx, tra- 
chea, and contiguous tissues. It derives its name from the peculiar 
sound of the voice and breathing, being of a whistling or crowing 
character, owing to a contraction of the glottis. It generally com- 
mences with a common cold and catarrh, hoarseness, cough, and in- 
creased difficulty of breathing, and the crowing already spoken of. It 
demands prompt treatment. 

The great object is to diminish the inflammation and irritation, 
and to relax the spasmodic state of the muscles in the parts diseased. 
The vessels in those parts are overcharged with blood, by an imperfect 
action of the exhalents. Place the feet in warm water, and give an 
emetic. After bathing, rub the legs and feet well with flannel. Then 
give a vapor bath, if the patient can bear it. (See "Emetic Powder,-' 
" Expectorant Tincture.") Repeat the process, if needful. The per- 
spiration will be greater by applying to the feet and each side hot 
bricks, and wrapped in flannel saturated with vinegar and a little 
water. At the same time give an aperient to produce a free action on 
the bowels. Apply this tincture to the throat, viz. : Half a tea-spoon 
of cayenne pepper; nearly a cup of vinegar ; simmer ten minutes, and 
strain. This tincture may be diluted with warm water, according to 
the strength of the patient- Rub it well on the throat for five or ten 
minutes ; and next saturate a flannel with it, and apply it to the throat. 
This application tends to relieve the internally congested blood-ves- 
sels. Repeat the application, as necessary. 

Mustard plasters may be applied to the feet, the upper part of the 
chest, and between the shoulders, alternately. It has been recom- 
mended to steep hops in hot vinegar, and the patient to inhale the 
vapor. Even a large sponge dipped in as hot water as the hand can 
bear, squeezed half dry, and renewed before it is cool, is of great ad- 
vantage. Keep the atmosphere of the room at a regular temperature. 
Aid tiie perspiration b}^ warm drinks, as balm tea, etc. 

To prevent a return of this disorder, keep tlie child warm, avoid 
wet feet, cold, damp, easterly winds, etc. Children whose constitu- 
tions dispose them to croup, ought to have their diet properly regu- 
lated, and be kei^t from all crude, raw, and trashy fruits. 

CHICKEN-POX. — This is a mild, eruptive 'disease, and seldom 
occurs more than once in a person's liletime. The eruption is attended 
with but little indisposition. There is a slight chilliness, weariness, 
cough, fever, bad appetite, etc., a day or two before the eruption ap- 



3^^ Appendix to Medical Departvtent. 

pears, which resembles the small-pox. Treatment is simply plenty of 
cooling drinks acidulated, some cooling and aperient medicine, to keep 
the bowels gently open. Let the patient also be kept warm, till the 
pox die away. 

WHOOPING-COUGH.— Dissolve a scruple of salt of tartar in a 
quarter pint of water; add to it 10 grs. of cochineal; sweeten it with 
sugar. Give to an infant a fourth part of a table-spoon four times a 
day; two years old, half a spoon; four years, a table-spoon. Great 
care is required in the administration of medicines to infants. We 
can assure paternal inquirers that the foregoing may be depended 
upon. 

Whooping- Cough.— Use the cold bath daily. Or, rub the feet 
thoroughly with hog's lard, before the lire, at going to bed, and keep 
tlie child warm therein. Or, rub the back at lying down with old 
rum. It seldom fails. Or, give a spoon of the juice of pennyroyal, 
mixed with brown sugar-candy, twice a day. — Wesley, 

Whoopiiig-Cough. — Dissolve 1 scr. of salt of tartar in i^ pt. of 
water; add 8 drops of laudanum ; sweeten it with sugar. Give to an 
infant 1 tea-spoon four times a day; two years old, 2 tea-spoons; for four 
years, 1 table-spoon. Or, take flower of Benjamin, and strained 
opium, of each, 3 drs ; camphor, 2 scrs,; essential oil of anise-seeds, 
3^ dr. ; rectified spirit of wine, 1 qt. ; powdered licorice, 4 ozs. ; and 
honey, 4 ozs. Digest and strain. Or, take of musk julep, 6 ozs.; 
paregoric elixir, 3^oz.; volatile tincture of valerian, 1 dr. Mix, and 
take 2 spoons three or four times every day. Or, take ipecacuanha, 14 
grs.; warm water, 3^ pt. Infuse. Take a tea-spoon now and then. 

Whooping-Cougli, Embrocation for. — Olive oil, 8ozs. ; oil of am- 
ber, 4ozs. ; oil of cloves, sufficient to scent it strongly; croton oil, 3 
drops; mix; rub on the chest. Or, oil of amber, and spirits of harts- 
horn, equal parts. Mix. Apply to the soles of the feet, and to the 
palms of the hands, morning, noon, and night. 

Roclie's Embrocation for Whooplng-Cough.— Olive oil, 2 ozs. ; 
oil of amber, 1 oz.; oil of cloves, 1 dr. Mix. To be rubbed on the 
chest at bed-time. 

MUMPS. — This disease, almost exclusively confined to children, 
consists of an enlargement of the lymphatic and salivary glands of 
the neck, constituting what among medical men is know as cynanche 
parotideos. The swelling generally takes place near the angle of the 
lower jaw, and where it is articulated with the upper jaw, and some- 
times causes such an enlargement that the distended gland hangs down 
like a bag; in general, however, the glands are only partially dis- 
tended, though by their pressure on the tonsils they cause both diflS- 
culty of swallowing and partial deafness. Mumps is generally 
attended with a degree of inflammatory fever, and when severe, is 
accompanied with shortness of breathing, hot skin, and other febrile 
symptoms. Sometimes the swelling suddenly disappears, as in gout, 
and makes its appearance upon some other part of the body; this is 
regarded among medical men as an unfavorable symptom. 

The TREATMENT of mumps, in the simple and most general form, 
consists in fomenting the neck with a hot bran poultice, rubbing into 
the swollen glands hartshorn and oil, or camphorated oil, twice a day 
for five minutes at a time, and applying the hot poultice dii-ectly after 
using either of the above liniments. As mumps almost always arises 
from irregularity in the child's system, or from cold, it is always nec- 
essary to give some aperient medicine. For children under six years 
of age, a few spoons of infusion of senna and manna will generally 



Appendix to Medical Department. 319 

be sufficient for tiie purpose, especially if the dose is repeated for two 
or three times. When the child's a^e exceeds six years, it will be nec- 
essary to give something more constitutionally effective, such as one, 
two, or if necessary three of the following powders : 

Take of powdered jalap, scammony, of each, 24 grs. ; cream-of- 
tartar, 1 dr. ; mix thoroughly, and add grey powder, antimonial pow- 
der, of each, 12 grs. Mix, and divide into 6 powders; one to be given 
every morning, or every second morning, according to their effect oi; 
the bowels. 

Mumps. — This is a disease of the salivary glands, which are situ- 
ated on each side of the lower jaw. It generally comes on with cold 
shiverings, sickness, and vomiting, pain in the head, succeeded by 
swelling of one or both sides ot the neck, and sometimes becomes 
very painful, and so large as to impede the breathing, and the swal- 
lowing. It generally increases till the fourth day, and then declines. 

In this complaint, little medicine is required. Give an aperient. 
Bathe the feet frequently in warm water. At night give the diaph- 
oretic powder or decoction. Bathe the swelling with warm water and 
tincture of myrrh, and thirty drops of laudanum; or apply flannels 
dipped in the mixture. Cover the swelling with flannel. In extreme 
cases, give the vapor bath and the composition powder. Should the 
swelling break, apply a slippery elm poultice, made with milk and 
water; then apply tlte black salve for healing, or the green ointment. 

MEASLES, ail Eruptive Disease. — It is indicated by chilliness, 
shivering, pain in the head, fever, sneezing, discharges from the nose, 
sickness, and sometimes vomiting, hoarseness, cough, heaviness of the 
eyes; the eyelids frequently swell so as to cause blindness, the pa- 
tient complains of his throat, and a looseness often precedes the erup- 
tion. ' The third or fourth day an eruption, like flea-bites, appears in 
the face, neck, and breast, and soon after in the body and limbs; the 
eruption does not suppurate. But the spots soon run into one another, 
and form red streaks, giving to the skin an inflammatory appearance, 
and produce a perceptible swelling on the face. The eruption may 
be distinguished from the small-pox by their scarcely rising above the 
skin. The fever, cough, and difficulty of breathing, instead of being 
removed by the eruption, as in the small-pox, are rather increased j 
but the vomiting generally ceases. 

About the sixth or seventh day, and sometimes earlier, the erup- 
tion begins to fade, and gradually disappears, accompanied with a 
separation of the skin in the form of scales. But the other symptoms 
sometimes remain for a considerable time, and require care, warmth, 
and appropriate medicine. 

In the malignant measles, the eruption appears more early, and 
all the symptoms, just described, in an aggravated form. The mouth 
and throat assume appearances. The mouth and throat appear as if 
they were ulcerated, and the fever is of a typhus kind, and symptoms 
of putrescency appear; also petichiae, or purple, livid spots, a i)ain in 
the head and eyes, difficult respiration, no expectoration with the 
cough, an inflammatory affection of the lungs, feeble but rapid pulse, 
delirium, and oft a violent looseness; these are very unfavorable 
symptoms. Such as die of the measles, generally expire about the 
ninth or tenth day from the first attack. The most favorable symp- 
toms are a moderate looseness, a moist skin, and a plentiful discharge 
of urine. 

This disaase is very infectious ; often prevails epidemicallj'^, how- 
ever; and the constitution that has been once under its influence is 



320 Appendix to Medical Department. 

seldom or never liable to a second attack, especially if the first attack 
was a mild one. 

Treatment. — At the commencement of the disease, no animal 
food must be taken, the patient must be confined to a low, spare diet, 
as gruel, sago, etc., and for common drink, barley-water, acidulated 
with lemon-juice. The bedroom should be kept moderately cool, 
regulatino^ tlie temperature thereof by the feelings, guarding against 
any sudden change, and especially exposure to cold draughts. 

When the attack is of a mild character, little medicine is wanted. 
Perhaps the less we interfere with the efforts of nature the better. It 
would be extreme folly to deplete the system by active treatment. In 
mild cases, nature, a Utile assisted, generally effects a cure. But when 
the symptoms are of a sterner character, active means must be used. 
Place the feet in warm water, in which dissolve a little carbonate of 
soda, two or three times a day. Give a mild emetic (as the emetic 
tincture). Give also the aperient for children. Should the fever be 
very high, give the following febrifuge mixture : Sub-carbonate of 
potash, 2 drs. ; purified nitre, 30 grs. ; camphor mixture, 6 ozs.; mix 
in a strong infusion of saffron. This mixture is designed to determine 
the eruption to the surface. Or, the following infusion will be very 
effective, and it should be given as soon as possible after the emetic : 
Saff'ron, 2 parts; Virginia snake-root, 1 part; infuse rapidly, or make 
a tea; sweeten and give warm, as much as the stomach will bear. If 
the eruption is slow in appearing, or only partially appears, or recedes, 
give the sudorific drops, warm milk sweetened, or strong balm tea 
with a little saffron infused. A bottle of hot water or a hot brick 
wrapped in a cloth, saturated with vinegar and water, or a vapor bath 
made of the decoction of bitter herbs, will be found most efficient. 
When the eruption is prominent, little more medicine is required. A 
little of the composition powder may be given occasionall3\ Sponge 
the body from the first, now and then, with warm lye-water and a 
little carbonate of soda. Wash the eyes with very weak brandy and 
water; or with slippery elm bark and a solution of borax. 

If the cough is severe, attended with impeded breathing, apply a 
mustard plaster to the chest, and repeat, if necessary; and give the 
expectorant syrup or tincture; or inhale the steam of warm water, in 
which 30 or 40 drops of laudanum have been inti'oduced. If the head 
is affected, continue to bathe the feet in warm water. Should there be 
much restlessness and pain, give the diaphoretic powder, or decoction. 
From the first attack of the measles, keep the bowels regular. A vol- 
untarj'' looseness indicates a favorable crisis ; and, if moderate, it 
should not be checked. When it is ver}^ severe, it should be checked 
by some mild astringent; as, an infusion of raspberry leaves; or an 
infusion of raspberry leaves and a few drops of laudanum. Should 
the sj'stem be much debilitated, with a tendency to putrescency, the 
strength should be supported with cordials, beef tea, calf's-feet jelly, 
and an infusion of Peruvian bark in port wine. Give also an infusion 
of malt with two tablespoons of yeast to a quart of the former, in order 
to neutralize the putrescence indicated by purple spots, etc. 

Patients recovering from the measles should not expose themselves 
too soon to the cold air. The food ought for some time to be light, and 
the drink diluting. Cooling lenitive medicines are essentially neces- 
sary after this disease, to carry oft" the remaining disposition to inflam- 
matory affection of the lungs. Through every stage of the disease, 
the state of the lungs juust be carefully regarded, for it is from the 
effect on them that the danger of the measles in most cases depends. 



Appendix to Medical Department. 321 

It ie necessary also to give tonic bitters for the recovery of the former 
strength, to breathe a pure air. and if the lungs will bear it, and the 
weather suitable, to take gentle open air exercise. 

RICKETS. — A disease almost peculiar to childhood, depending 
upon tlie want of a due proportion of the mineral salts in the blood, 
in consequence of which impoverished state the bones in a growing 
child are deprived of their proper amount of earthy ingredients, be- 
coming consequently soft and pliable, instead of being naturally firm 
and resistant. 

Though properly a constitutional disease, rickets is regarded as 
a local evil, simply because its effects are chiefly seeu in the bones of 
the legs or arms. We have explained, under the head of "Bone," 
and elsewhere, that if a bone is immersed for a few days in a mixture 
of muriatic acid and water, all the earthy salts will be extracted from 
its structure, and a substance like gutta-percha, of the exact shape of 
the bone, only capable of being bent, doubled up, or extended, like 
Indian rubber, will remain. Such a condition, more or less supple, 
according to the amount of earthy matter contained in the cells of the 
organ, is the state of the bones in rickets, which, being deprived of 
their resistant properties, become unable to bea'r the weight and pres- 
sure of the body, give way, and are easily bent, twisted, or deformed. 

The CAUSES of rickets, though generally attributed to bad nurs- 
ing, bad food, imperfect ventilation, and want of cleanliness, must be 
looked for in the constitution of the parents or that of the child, 
showing a want of those earthy particles or mineral salts which, under 
the head of "Food," we have shown are so necessary to the health 
and stamina of the body. Defective assimilation of food is the pro- 
fessional term given as an explanation of the cause of this disease; tlie 
meaning of which is, that there is a deficiency of phosphate of lime, 
either in the food taken or in the s^'^stem. 

The SYMPTOMS of rickets are more passive than positive, and show 
themselves ratlier by their local than by their constitutional characters. 
The geneial eftects, however, are a softness and flaccidity of the mus- 
cles of the body; a sallow, anxious countenance; a distended or tumid 
state of the abdomen, with turbid state of the urine, and though the 
appetite is good, the child gradually loses flesh and strength. The 
teething process is slow and imperfect, and the teeth, when formed, 
quickly decay, become loose, or fall out; the epiphyses^ or extremities 
of the long bones, become spongy and swollen, the disease first show- 
ing itself at the wrists and ankles; and as the mischief advances, the 
long bones graduall}^ give way, and bend under the weight of the 
body, and become twisted, and often most grotesqu«3ly deformed, by 
the action of the muscles, which, straining in contrary directions, 
produce that malformation which is generally understood by the name 
of rickets. In ordinary cases the legs only are deformed — bent out or 
inwards. Or twisted in many forms; but in severe cases the bones of 
the spine also become softened, the vertebrae of the shoulders (dorsal) 
are displaced, producing a hump, while the breast-bone is thrown for- 
ward, forming what is called a pigeon-breast. The mental faculties 
do not generally sufier with the physical debility, but often shine out 
with unusual precocity and vigor. 

Treatment. — As the cause of this disease is an absence of the 
mineral salts, the natural remedy for the case would seem to be to give 
the system those salts of which it stands in need, namely, the phos- 
phates of lime and soda. The cure, however, cannot always be efiected 
by these means alone, though given in constantly repeated doses ; th» 



322 Appendix to Medical Department. ^ 

restoration to health can only be attained by a steady and gradual sys- 
tem of dietetics and regimen. The first indispensable requisite is 
change of air, and, if possible, to tlie sea-side; the use of cold salt- 
Avater baths; a daily friction with the hand, night and morning, for at 
least ten minutes each time, along the limb or part most affected; an 
abundance of milk, and a full and rich diet — animal and vegetable — 
with fruit; the patient in this instance being enjoined to eat the rind 
or skin as well as the fruit, and when the digestion is good, water- 
cresses, radishes, salad, and any crude vegetable in which the mineral 
salts are in their natural abundance. Next in importance to fresh air, 
cold baths, friction, and abundance of food, rest in the horizontal 
position is absolutely necessary, the child never being allowed to stand, 
or bear any weight on its limbs, unless supported by splints and band- 
ages, precisely the same as for a fracture, the limb, especially if it is 
the leg, being well rubbed, either with the bare hand or with a little 
lard or sweet oil. 

Though the diet and regimen are the chief agents required in the 
treatment of rickets, some medicine is necessary, and of that we shall 
now proceed to speak. In the first place, cod-liver oil, on account of 
the nitrogen or animalizing principle it contains, has been greatly 
recommended in this disease, and there can be no doubt that in cases 
of much debility it may be given with very great effect. The chief 
dependence, however, must be placed on the stimulating and tonic 
properties of iron, as prescribed below, with the saline powders fol- 
lowing : 

Take of steel wine, 2 ozs.; syrup of saffron, 2 fdrs.; mint water, 
sufficient to make a four-ounce mixture. Mix, and or a child under 
two years, give 3^ a tea-spoon every six hours; for a child between two 
and six years, 1 tea-spoon three times a day; and for a child between 
the ages of six and ten years, 1 dessert-spoon in water every eight 
hours. 

Take of phosphate of lime, 2 drs. ; phosphate of sodn, 2 drs. Mix, 
and divide into 12 powders. One to be taken, dissolved in a little 
water, tliree times a day, for a child between six and ten j^ears old; to 
all patients under six^ half oi each powder, dissolved in water or milk, 
is to be given two or three times a day. 

Care must be taken with female children affected with rickets, to 

Erevent, if possible, any malformation of the bones of the pelvis or 
ips, by keeping the child from running about, so as to ward off iany 
undue weight on the bones of that part, and in all cases anticipating 
any malformation as far as possible by rubbing the limb, and applyng 
splints to keep the bones from the action of the muscles. 

Children who are old enough to eat raw vegetable matters should 
be given an abundant supply of such articles as lettuce, endive, young 
onions, watercresses, raisins, grapes, apples, gooseberries, with a due 
proportion of animal food, with plenty of bread, rice, potatoes, and 
milk frequently in the course of each day. This, with change of air, 
salt-water bathing, and friction, will, if persevered in for a sufficient 
time, effect a perfect cure, by invigorating the constitution, and giving 
it back the salts oi which it has been previously deprived. 

NAVEL. — The center of the body in a full grown nine-months 
child, and, in the fetus, the opening through which the navel string 
passes from the liver of the child to the placenta or after-birth of the 
mother. The navel-string, umbilical cord, or funis, as this important 
part is differently called, is composed cf a series of vessels — an artery, 
vein, nerve, and lymphatic tube — all loosely twined, like the strands 



Appendix to Medical Department. 323 

of a rope, round each other, and varying in length from one to two 
feet. 

It is through the medium of the navel-cord that arterial blood and 
nervous power from the mother is carried to nourish the fetus, and the 
venous blood and impurities brought from it. The cord is sometimes 
every inch or so doubled upon itself in the form of a series of knots; 
this is a provision to allow of greater extension, without incurring the 
risk of making the cord tense. 

With some children the navel-cord is remarkably short, and 
neither knotted nor twisted; when such is the case, it is certain to 
delay the labor very materially, and add considerably to the maternal 
pains, the shortness of the string preventing the head from descending 
freely, though the contractions of the uterus are stz-ong, and no other 
impediment existing. After the birth of the child, and the new cir- 
culation has been established in the infant, the navel-cord is tied about 
two inches from the body, and then divided; in the course of a week 
or fortnight the fragment left sloughs or drops off, leaving, when it has 
been properly atiended to, that closed but indented cavity know as 
the navel. 

PUBERTY. — The age of supposed virility in males, and of woman- 
hood in females. The word is derived from the name of a part of the 
body, and the first appearance of hair on the face. The exact age of 
puberty differs in different countries, and even in individuals, being 
earlier in warm climates than it is in cold ones. In this country, from 
14 to 16 is the general age at which puberty commences in males, and 
from 12 to 14 in girls. It is a critical period with either sex, and care 
should be taken that at such an age no vices are contracted which may 
lay the seeds of after mischief. 

KINCrWOllM. — The head is to be washed twice a day with soft 
soap and warm soft water; when dried, the places to be rubbed with 
a piece of linen rag dipped in ammonia from gas tar; the patient 
should take a little sulphur and molasses, or some other gentle aperient, 
every morning; brushes and combs should be washed every day and 
the ammonia kept tightly corked. 

OINTMENT FOR SCURF IN THE HEADS OF OFANTS.— 
Lard 2 ozs. ; sulphuric acid, diluted, 2 drs. ; rub them together, and 
anoint the head once a day. 

SNUFFLES. — A troublesome complaint, to infants especially. 
The mucous membrane of the nose, through the taking of cold, being 
much swollen, the child is no longer able to breathe through its nose, 
as it was accustomed to do, but is compelled to breathe through the 
mouth. The difficult breathings are attended by a peculiar snuffling 
noise, which, in sleep, becomes a regular loud snore. It often inter- 
feres with its sucking at the breast; and as soon as it seizes the nipple 
a threatening suffocation compels it to desist. 

While this complaint lasts the child may be partially fed with the 
spoon; give it a very mild purgative; bathe its legs frequently in warm 
water. Rub the nose with tallow, and apply a slippery elm poultice 
mixed with cream. 

SQUINTING.— Squinting frequently arises from the unequal 
strength of the eyes, the weaker eye being turned away from the 
object, to avoid the fatigue of exertion. Cases of squinting of long 
standing have often been cured by covering the stronger eye, and 
thereby compelling the weaker one to exertion. 

SCRATCHES. — Trifling as scratches often seem, they ought never 
to he neglected, but should be covered and protected, and kept clean 



334 Appendix to Medical Department. 

and dry, until they have completely healed. If there is the least 
appearance of inflammation, no time should be lost in applying a large 
bread and water poultice, or hot flannels repeatedly applied; or even 
leeches in good numbers may be put on, at some distance from each 
other. 

SCALD (SCALLED) HEAD.— An eruptive disease of the scalp; 
a scaly or scabbed head. In this disease the head is completely 
covered with scabs and sores, which usually break out in scrofulous 
children when the child is teething. 

The SYMPTOMS of this disgusting disease commence with large,soft 
patches, sliglitly flattened, with irregular margins, and slightly 
inflamed bases. Patches of the pustles, which are numerous, unite and 
form crusts or scabs, which in time constitute a dense continuous cov- 
ering over the entire head. A profuse acrid discharge soon after 
follows, most oftensive to the nostrils, in which vermin are quickly 
generated ; the hair is matted together with scabs, and the whole head 
filthy in the extreme. 

The TREATMENT cousists in first shaving the head, and washing 
the scalp with soap and water, applying every night a little of either 
of the following ointments, washing the head in the morning clean 
from all grease, lightly dusting the scalp with violet powder, and 
giving one of the powders prescribed below every morning. 

Ointments. — Take of spermaceti cerate, 1 oz. ; cresote, 40 drops. 
Mix. 

Take of citron ointment, 1 dr.; spermaceti cerate, 7 drs. Mix with 
a bone spatula. 

Powders. — Take of powdered rhubarb, 24 grs. ; grey powder, 15 
grs. ; precipitated sulphate of antimony, 12 grs. Mix. 

Divide into twelve powders for a child from one to two j'^ears old; 
into nine powders for a child from two to three years; into six for a 
child from three to six years of age. One powder to be given every 
morning in each instance. From 10 to 20 grains of powdered sarsapa- 
rilla may also be given twice a da3^ 

Scaid Head. — This aftects the heads of children chiefly. The 
scabby eiu|)tions at the roots of the hair are very disagreeable. It 
is a very obstinate and infectious disease. First, cue off" all the hair, 
and wash the head night and morning with warm soap suds, and after- 
wards batlie with tinctui-e of blood-root. Then apply the brown 
ointment, once a day. Give the patient sulphur and cream-of-tartar 
in molasses, so as slightly to open the bowels. A poultice of dock 
roots is very useful. 

Scald Head. — Anoint it with Barbadoes tar. Or apply daily white 
wine vinegar. 

If wood soot is mixed with fresh butter into an ointment, and the 
head anointed with it every day, it will generally cure it at the begin- 
ning; but when it is become very bad, a plaster should be made of 
gall dried to the consistence of salve, and spread upon linen. This 
should be applied all over the parts affected, and continued on four or 
five days; then it should be taken off' and tlie head dressed with soot 
ointment as before. After tlie cure, give two or three gentle purges. 

If a proper regard was paid to cleanliness in the head and apparel 
of children, the scald head would be seldom seen. — Wesley, 

SCARLATINA, OR SCARLET FEVER.— It derives its name from 
the color of its eruptions. It is a disease of infancy, and seldom attacks 
adults, It never attacks the same person twice. It begins with 
chilliness and shiverings, langor, and depression of spirits, a dry skin, 



Appendix to Medical Department. 325 

and pains in the head ; and soon the whole skin becomes covered with 
specks, or minute inflammations, larp^er and redder than those of the 
measles. In two or three days, they disappear, succeeded by scalings 
of the scarf skin, like bran dispersed over the body, which fall off and 
appear again two or three times successively. This disease is some- 
times of a more malignant type, tending towards putrefaction. It is 
attended with severe sore throat; the uvula, and all the back part of 
the throat are very red, painful and swollen, and the swallowing much 
impeded, or rendered nearly impossible. It is often attended with 
delirium, the spots become black; the disease becomes dangerous. 
Scarlatina is infectious. 

Treatment. — If the disease is of a mild character, little more is 
required than to observe a cold diet, and to avoid cold air, and cold 
drinks. If the body be costive, give an aperient. If the fever be high, 
give the saline mixture, which see. Take a small cupful at a time. 
Barley water, acidulated with tamarinds, or lemon-juice affords a good 
beverage. Give also the Sudoritic Powder. Emetics will be useful as 
soon as the disease begins. The emetic powder should not be neglect- 
ed. Bathe the feet in warm water, and give saffron tea. Drink balm 
tea frequently. 

Scarlet fever is caused by some morbitic matter taken into the cir- 
culation by the lungs; and the increased action in the system is a 
healthy eflbrt of nature to exi)el such morbitic matter. Nature there- 
fore must be assisted; or if iier efforts are too great, she must be 
restrained. It is not always necessary to give the emetic powder; but 
if there be soreness of the throat, and much phlegm, hindering the 
breathing, the powder will have a good eflect, abating the febrile 
symptoms, curing the disease, or rendering the attack light. Mr. 
Stei)hens asserts that he gave the following mixture in 400 cases, after 
they had assumed the most alarming appearance, the majority of 
which it cured; viz: Cayenne, a tablespoonful; common salt, Vy^ tea- 
spoonfuls. Beat into a paste, and pour upon it a pint of boiling water; 
to stand an hour; then add half a pint of good vinegar. A table- 
spoonful of the mixture every hour. Do not neglect to give an aperient 
that will cleanse the stomach and bowels. Castor oil, -and salts and 
senna, or senna and manna, are appropriate purgatives. 

It is very good to bathe the surface with warm soft water, to 
which has been added a little lye. Some have recommended ablutions of 
cold water; but they should not be adopted except where the heat of 
the skin is great, and where perspiration is absent. It often moderates 
the subsequent symptoms. But no dangerous reaction takes place 
from tepid as from cold water, nor will any danger whatever result 
from it, as it is a most valuable auxiliary, and the use of it cannot be 
too highly recommended. If the throat' be sore, and the swallowing 
difficult, foment it with the rheumatic liquid. Gargle, as in sore throat. 
The diaphoretic powder will have an anodyne influence, and should 
not be neglected. 

Should the disease assume the malignant type, give immediately 
the vapor bath of bitter decoction, and emetics, and doses of the 
cayenne and salt mixture, as just mentioned ; it may be made a little 
stronger. If putrid symptoms appear, give yeast mixed with honey 
and milk. Also gargle with it ; and apply yeast poultices to eruptions 
run into a sore. Let the room in which the patient is confined be well 
ventilated, and of a proper temperature ; but keep away cold air from 
him by all means. 

In the beginning of the disease, the diet should be light and easy 



326 Appendix to Medical Deparbnent. 

of digestion. Diluents should be freely taken, as balm tea, barley 
gruel, etc., with a squeeze of lemon in them. If there is debility, let 
the food be nutritious, as beef tea, jellies, arrow-root, sago, rice milk, 
and a little wine. During recovery avoid exposure to cold; keep the 
skin clean by tepid ablutions, and occasionally bathe the feet in warm 
water at bed-time. Apply friction to the whole body as much as the 
patient can bear. Give the tonic bitters, also the composition Powder. 

Belladonna has been found to render persons unsusceptible of the 
fever, in places where it is raging. It is to be given in extract, — the 
twentieth part of a grain morning and evening. 

SCARLATINA AND MEASLES.— Dr. Witt states that sesquicar- 
bonate of ammonia is an antidote to scarlatina and measles. "The 
dose in these complaints varies from 3 to 10 grains, according to the 
age of the patient, given at longer or shorter intervals, according to 
the mildness or severity of the attack. The suitable dose dissolved in 
as small a quantity of cold water as will admit of its being swallowed 
with as many grains of loaf sugar, merely to make it palatable, is all 
that is required. Any admixture with other medicines, as salines, 
bark, etc., and all aciclulous drinks, are to be avoided. The prelimi- 
nary treatment is also simple ; from half a grain of calomel, for 
children, to five grains for adults, should be placed on the tongue and 
swallowed. About an hour after, the first dose of the ammonia is to 
be given, and repeated every three or four hours, as long as the 
disorder takes the favorable course. If the disorder increases in 
violence, the medicine must be given every two hours, or every hour, 
or sometimes even more frequently, till the graver symptoms are 
subdued. This medicine has been found to possess similar powers 
over diphtheria." 

THRUSH. — An affection peculiar to young children, during the 
period of teething. It is an affection of the mucous membrane of the 
mouth. It appears in small white ulcers upon the tongue, gums, and 
around the mouth. If not mild it may extend to the whole of the 
alimentaiy canal, from the mouth down to the anus, attended with 
flatulency, purgings, etc. In this severe form it often terminates 
fatall3\ Son\etimes the inside of the mouth becomes so raw and sore, 
as to make it painful to take nourishment. Elderly people, and 
persons with debilitated constitutions, are liable to this complaint. 

Attention should be paid to the state of the general system, 
especially to the stomach and bowels. An emetic is often of great 
service. Give also a gentle aperient. Small doses of magnesia, and 
the use of lime water will be of great service in removing tlie acid 
from the stomach and bowels. The neutralizing mixture diluted may 
be given till the bowels are acted upon. Make a decoction of sage and 
hyssop, add a little borax, and wash the aftected parts with it. Let it 
be sweetened. A solution of burnt alum has been recommended; or 
apply it pulverized. 

TON(xUE-TIED.— This is a term used when a child is unable to 
move its tongue in such a manner as to make a perfect vacuum of its 
mouth when grasping its mother's nipple. When the tongue has free 
motion, and with the lips grasps the nipple firmly, the vacuum made is 
complete, and the nipple being pulled out, the milk flows into the 
infant's mouth; when, however, the motion of the tongue is confined, 
the infant is unable to secure the organ for any time, the vacuum is 
imperfect, and only occasional driblets of milk are drawn from the 
breast; the child, in petulant irritation dropping the nipple and 
throwing back its head, expresses its disappointment in querulous 



Appendix to Medical Department. 327 

cries. It is very seldom that this defect arises from muscular 
deficiency or natural malformation ; the cause, in nine out of ten cases, 
depending on the lining membrane, where it forms a fold under the 
tongue, and which, being attached almost to the tip of the organ, thus 
binds it down by tlie bridle, as it is called, or the fraenum, preventing 
all but tlie most limited motion. In such a case the treatment is 
very simple, and the cure instantaneous; it consists in merely passing 
the limb of a sharp-pointed pair of scissors through the thin skin 
below tlie tip of the tongue, as near the external margin as possible, 
and nipi)ing it apart. To do this simple operation safely and "properly 
the nurse should hold the child on her lap, and the surgeon, seated 
before her, should place the back of the infant's head between his 
knees, and, making the child cry, watch his opportunity to transfix the 
mucous membrane, and cut the mere thread of membrane ouUcards, 
and then place the child to the breast, its steady drawining of the nipple 
being the best evidence of the success of the operation. As the renal 
artery and vein are in close proximity, the operator must be careful 
that he doe^ not transfix or wound either. At the same time he must 
be careful not to credit every mother or nurse's assertion that a child is 
tongue-tied till he has satisfied himself bj' examination, and by putting 
his linger into its mouth, that the infant is unable to grasp with its 
tongue. 

TEETHING. — Young children, whilst cutting their first set of 
teeth, often sutler severe constitutional disturbance. At first there is 
restlessness and peevishness, with slight fever, but not unfrequently 
these are followed by convulsive fits, as they are commonl}^ called, 
wliich depend on the brain becoming irritated; and sometimes under 
this condition the child is either cut off suddenly, or the foundation of 
serious mischief to the brain is laid. The remedy, or rather the safe- 
guard against these frightful consequences, is trifiing and safe, and 
almost certain, and consists merel}'^ in lancing the gum covering the 
tooth which is making its way through. When teething is about it 
may be known by the spittle constantly drivelling from the mouth and 
wetting the frock. The child has its fingers often in its mouth, and 
bites liard any substance it can get hold of. If the gums be carcfidly 
looked at, the part where the tooth is pressing up is swollen and redder 
thnn usual; and if the finger be pressed on it the child shrinks and 
cries, showing that the gum is tender. When these symptoms occur, 
the gum should be lanced, and sometimes the tooth comes through the 
next day, if near the surface; but if not so far advanced the cut heals 
and a scar forms which is thought by some objectionable, as rendering 
the passage of the tooth more difiicult. This, however, is untrue, for 
the scar will give way much more easily than the uncut gum. If the 
tooth do not come through after two or three days, the lancing may be 
repeated; and this is more especially needed if the child be very 
fractious, and seems in much pain. Lancing the gums is further 
advantageous, because it empties the inllamed part of its blood, and so 
relieves the pain and inflammation. The relief children experience in 
the course of two or three hours from the operation is often very 
remarkable, as they almost immediately become lively and cheerful. 

Vac INATION. — Is artificially inducing in the human body the 
disease known as cow-pox, professionally called vaccina or vacciola, and 
is ettected by inserting a portion of the lymph or vims, taken in the 
first instance from a cow (in wiiich animal the disease arises spontane- 
ously), into some part of the patient's body, the object being to pre- 
serve the person so treated from the infection of small-pox. The value 



328 Appendix to Medical Department, 

of this discovery (which enables the physician, by inducing a mild and 
beni<»;n disease into the system, to avert from the body a foul and pesti- 
lential one; or, should it arise, to rob it of its worst symptoms and 
nearly all its danger,) is now so universally known and recognized, that 
it is only necessarv for us to remind the reader that this great blessijig 
was conferred on humanity toward the end of the last century by Dr. 
Jenner. Vaccination was for a long time considered a perfect specific 
against small-pox, and the blood once influenced by the lymph of cow- 
pox would, it was supposed, ever afterward repel the disease of small- 
pox, how.ever the patient might be exposed to its infection. Experience, 
however, has proved this to Ibe a fallacy, and that persons, although 
twice vaccinated, may be attacked by tlie dreaded disease. It is, how- 
ever, satisfactory to know that after vaccination, small-pox, if it should 
occur, is always mild, seldom pits the skin, and is never dangerous. 

To insure the full benefit of vaccination, the patient should be in 
perfect health at the time, and the lymph used perfectly fresh; and, if 
convenient, taken from an arm at the time of using. A couple of 
superficial scratches should be made by a lancet in the arm, about half 
an inch apart; the surgeon should then load the point of his lancet 
with the fluid lymph, and insert it in each of the abrasions or 
scratches, exciting the vessels to absorb the lymph by slightly scraping 
the part with the point of the lancet, care being taken not to induce 
bleeding — a mere redness, excited by scraping away the scarf-skin, is 
all that is necessary. On the second day the vaccinated parts appear 
red, as if about to fester; on the fourth day the places have become 
defined spots; and by the end of the fifth day assume the appearance 
of vesicles, surrounded by a bright pink areola; about the eigth day 
the vesicles attain their maturity, being circular in form, and about an 
inch in diameter, with a flat top, and a slight depression in the center; 
about the ninth day a slight degree of fever takes place, but only lasts 
for a few hours (this febrile action is similar to the secondary fever of 
small-pox). The pustule should be opened upon the ninth day, and 
the lymph, if not required for immediate use, collected on small, 
square pieces of glass, or taken up on small slips of bone called 
points. A little magnesia and rhubarb, or an aperient powder, should 
be given when the pustule is opened, and if the arm is red and in- 
flamed, a warm poultice applied for a few hours will relieve it. In 
general it is the twenty-first day before the pustule completely desqua- 
mates and the areola disappears, leaving a small depression or pit on 
the skin, which usually remains for life. A vesicle generally appears 
above each place where the vaccine 15'^mph has been inserted, which 
from the third to the fifth days has a clear, pearly appearance, becom- 
ing opaque as the contents advance to maturity. The pustule should 
always be opened by the ninth day and before suppuration takes place. 
Some persons vaccinate on both arms, making two or three punctures 
on each; this is unnecessarj'', two places on one arm being sufficient, 
and these must be so far apart that there can be no fear of their run- 
ning together. In some constitutions the efficacy of the lymph lasts 
for life, in others the protective infiuence passes off in a few years; on 
this account it has been deemed necessary to repeat the vaccination at 
the age of puberty. To arrest the spread of that dreadful pest, small- 
pox, the Government has established many sanitary and legislative 
enactments. When vaccination is performed from dry lymph collected 
on the glasses or bone points, the virus must be made moist by a drop 
of warm water before using. 

ANODYNE FOMENTATION.— Take of white poppy-heads, 2 ozs. ; 



Appendix to Medical Department. 329 

elder flowers, "% oz. ; water, 3 pts. Boil till one pint is evaporated, and 
strain out the liquor. 

This fomentation relieves acute pain. If the affected part is very 
painful, add forty drops of laudanum, and thirty drops of tincture of 
cayenne. 

ANODYNE PLASTER.— Melt an ounce of adhesive plaster, or 
diachlyon, and while cooling, add a drachm of powdered opium, and 
the same quantity of camphor, previously dissolved in a small quantity 
of olive oil. Spread this on leather. This soon relieves an acute local 
pain. 

ANODYNE POWDER.— Opium, yio7..\, camphor, 3drs.; valerian, 

1 oz. ; cayenne pepper, 1 oz. Put the opium and camphor into a close 
bag; place it on the oven top to harden. Powder and mix. Take a 
quarter of a tea-spoonful at a time. Most valuable in colic, cramp 
and severe pains. 

ANTI-BILLIOUS PILLS.— Extract of colocynth, 2 drs. ; extract 
of jalap, 1 dr. ; almond soap, 13^ drs. ; guiacum, 3 drs. ; tartarized an- 
timony, 8 grs. ; oil of juniper, 4 or 5 drops; oil of carraway, 4 drops; 
oil of rosemary, 4 drops. Form into a mass with syrup of buckthorn, 
and divide into pills. 

ANTI-CHOLERA DROPS.— Tinctures of capsicum, opium, 
lobelia, essence of peppermint, of each, 1 oz. Mix. Take when 
needful, a tea-spoonful in a little cofiee. Most efficient in cholera, and 
affections of the bowels. 

ANTIMONIAL WINE.— This may be purchased at the druggists. 
As an emetic, the dose is from one to two table-spoonfuls. As a 
febrifuge, sudorific, or relaxant, from twenty to forty drops every 
three or four hours. As an emetic, ipecacuanha, and lobelia, stand 
very high, especially the latter. 

ANTI-SPA!SMdDIC TINCTURE.— Tincture of lobelia, 1 oz.; 
tincture of cayenne, 1 oz. ; compound tincture of lady's slipper, 3^ oz.; 
oil of anise-seed, 20 drops. Begin with a teaspoontul. This is an 
infallible remedy for spasms, fever, ague, and painful flatulence and 
colic. 

ANTI- SPASMODIC CLYSTER.— To half a pint of thin gruel, add 
half an ounce, or an ounce of the fetid tincture, and forty to sixty 
drops of laudanum. This is verj-- useful in spasmodic affections of the 
bowels, in convulsions, or in all hysteric complaints. 

ANTS. — A small quantity of green sage, placed where ants infest 
will cause them to disappear. Quicklime thrown on their nests, and 
then watered, will destroy them. Or, a strong solution of alum water. 
Or, gas tar; or lime from gas-works. Gas tar painted round a tree an 
inch or two broad, will prevent ants and other insects from climbing 
trees, and will preserve the fruit. 

APERIENT MIXTURE.— Senna leaves, 2 drs. ; infuse in a quarter 
of a pint of boiling water, for half an hour, and add epsom salts, half 
an ounce; compound tincture of senna, an ounce. Three table- 
spoonfuls to be taken every thi-ee hours. 

APERIENT ELECTUARY.— Senna, 1 oz. powdered; flour of sul- 
phur, 3^oz. ; ground ginger, 2 drs.; molasses, or honey, 4 ozs. Mix 
well. Dose.— About the'size of a nutmeg morning and night. If not 
strong enouo-h, add a small quantity of jalap. 

APERIENT FOR CHILDREN.— Infusion of senna, 1 oz; mint 
water, 1^ oz. ; calcined magnesia, 1 scr. ; manna, 3 drs. ; syrup of roses, 

2 drs. ; (a solution of sugar will do). Mix and give in doses of one or 
two teaspoonf uls at a time. 



230 Appendix to Medical Department, 

APERIENT FOR INFANTS.— Take of rhubarb, 5grs.; magnesia, 
3 grains; white sugar, 1 sen; manna, 5 grs. ; Mix. Dose. — Varying 
from a piece half the size of u sweet-pea to a piece the size of an ordi- 
nary pea. 

APERIENT MIXTURE— Abernethy's.— Epsom salts, y^ oz.; in- 
fusion of senna, 6 drs. ; tincture of senna, 2 drs. ; spearmint water, 1 
oz. ; distilled water, 2 ozs. ; best manna, 2 drs. Mix; and take three 
or four tablespoontuls every niorning, or every otlier morning. This 
is a valuable mixture. A decoction of Peruvian bark will render it a 
tonic aperient. 

APERIENT PILLS.— Compound rhubarb pill, 1 scr. ; extract of 
colyocynth, '% dr.; castile soap, 10 grs.; oil of juniper, 3 drops. Beat 
into a mass; make into ordinary sized pills. Take one at bed-time. 

ALTERATIYES.— Medicines adapted to cure a disease without 
producing any very sensible effect on the human system. 

Alterative PiHs. — Lobelia seeds, 2 drs.; mandrake, 2 drs.; blue 
flag, 2 drs.; blood root, 2 drs.; cayenne pepper, 1 dr.; gum guiacum, 
2 drs. ; extract of dandelion, 6 drs. ; oil of peppermint, 3 or 4 drops ; 
simple syrup to foi m into pills. DOSe. — Two pills twice or thrice a 
day. These pills are of great service in bilious and liver complaints, 
diseased joints, boils, carbuncles, cutaneous eruptions, scrofula, 
sypliillis, etc. 

Alterative Syrup, — Tincture of cayenne, 3^ oz. ; tincture of 
lobelia, and tincture of myrih, of each, 2 ozs.; molasses, 3^ lb. Mix." 
a teaspoonful two or three times a day. Noted for its effectual cure of 
cutaneous sores; hods, indigestion, and some chronic complaints. 

BLOOD-ROOT— Sauguinaria Canadensis, — An American plant. 
It has great emetic and expectorant influence. It is tonic, narcotic, 
stimulant, emetic, according to the dose and form in which it is ad- 
ministered. In a large dose it produces nausea, etc. In small doses, 
it acts as a stimulant and tonic. Like digitalis, it calms the pulse. It 
is an invaluable remedy in diseases of the chtst, lungs, and liver. 

Dr. Beach says : '' In plethoric constitutions, when respiration is 
very diflicult, the cheeks and hands livid, the pulse full, soft, vibrating, 
and easily compressed, the blood-root has done more to obviate the 
symptoms and remove the disease than any other remedy used. It is 
most useful in bleeding at the lungs, influenza, whooping-cough, and 
croup. It should be given in quantity to cause vomiting." 

Thirty drops of tlie saturated alcoholic solution, taken three times 
a day, cured a bad case of rheunuitism in a gouty person. It is also a 
great beneflt in asthmatic aflections, scarlet fever, jaundice, and fe- 
male obstructions. In water of the chest (hydrothorax), dot-csof 50 or 
60 drops should be given, until nausea follows each dose. It is excel- 
cellent in chest complaint*, and excessive expectoration. 

Externally, blood-root is a great healer of the worst sores, ulcers, 
ringworms, tumors, (and taken as snuff', of polypus); used as a pow- 
der, or as a wash. The roots are generally used ; but the leaves have 
similar virtues. It is given in the form of syrup, extract, infusion, 
decoction, and tincture. 

As an emetic it should be combined with lobelia. If infused in 
vinegar, its efiects, as a wash, are more powerful in sores, ulcers, tet- 
ters, and ringworms. 

Dr. Tuily asserts that in the sub-acute form of inflammation, 
which often precedes a rapid phthisis, or consumption, the cure may, 
in general, be trusted to sanguinaria (blood-root) and opium, after the 
previous use of aperients. In confirmed phthisis, it is of more value, 



Appendix to Medical Depart)nent. 331 

he says, in combating and palliating symptoms, than any other rem- 
edy. 

Dr. Stevens, of Ceres, (1850), has seen the most marked benefit 
result from it in Ticemoptysis (spitting of blood). For this symptom it 
was employed by Dr. N. Smith, and others, with remarkable success, 
some years ago. 

As an expectorant in the first and second stages, its action is said 
to be certain to arrest the cough and freely emptj^ tiie bronchial tubes. 
In the second and third stages, it is a remedy of some importance, that 
can be relied on. 

I gave it in three cases of that condition of body, preceding the 
deposition of tubercle, although there was cough, short and feeble in- 
spiration, and a general phthisical aspect. In one, a girl of ten years, 
there was an hereditary predisposition, and many symptoms of phthisis 
in the tirst stage were present, but no physical signs of the disease. 
She had taken cod-liver oil and other remedies without benefit, and 
was extremely weak and emaciated. After attending to the secretions, 
I put her on the compound sanguinaria powder nightly, which per- 
mitted me subsequently to give her steel, and to resume the cod-liver 
oil. Her health improved; the cough diminished and disappeared; 
she gained strength and flesh, and was restored to perfect health. In 
a girl of ten years, with a sluggish liver, jaundice, cough, but no de- 
position of tubercle, the same good result ensued, although the time 
was longer. 

In the first .stage of phthisis, wherein actual deposition of tubercle 
was going on, with all the symptoms well marked, in which cod-liver 
oil alone was not agreeing, I have combined with it small doses of the 
compound sanguinaria powder twice a day, with relief to shortness of 
breath, and improvement of the general health; and all the improve- 
ment has been attributed by the patients to the sanguinaria. 

In the second stage, the tincture in moderate doses may be com- 
bined with other expectorants with great advantage, and will assist 
other remedies to cure; whilst, in the third, the relief alforded in a 
ready expectoration and complete emptying of the bronchial tubes is 
really marvelous. The expectoration becomes more easy, the breath- 
ing clearer, the spasmodic efforts at coughing less; and much improve- 
ment will result for a time in the last stage of this malady. Some 
bitter infusion may be combined with the sanguinaria with decided 
good effect in the dyspepsia, or loss of appetite sometimes present. I 
believe the sanguinaria in moderate doses will be found a remedy of 
much service in the pretubercular and first stages of phthisis, either 
alone or combined with other substances; and that as an expectorant, 
in the second and third, it cannot be surpassed. It materially helps to 
prolong life, even in very hopeless cases. 

Bronchitis. — In the chronic foi-m, it is in general use all over this 
country, as one of the most active expectorants. Dr. Leonard observes, 
that its acrimony renders it powerful in removing the tenacious 
phlegm, and which it is our object to get rid of. Dr. Wood, of Phila- 
delphia — a name honored in this country, and well known in Europe — 
recommends the tincture, among other remedies, as well adapted for 
this complaint, four to six times a day, kept jnst within the nauseating 
point. It is used extensively in the various hospitals in Canada, and 
is found truly valuable as a remedy. Its value in bronchitis I have 
known for some years, and have found it more serviceable than many 
other expectorants, and one that promotes the expulsion of mucus in 
such a manner as to afford very great relief, with a feeling of warmth 
and comfort to the patient. 



3 j2 Appendix to Medical Department. 

Catarrh is much benefited by this remedy. Equal parts of the 
cincture and of paref^oric were found by Dr. Tully to atford most 
marked relief. It produces a warmth about tlie cliest, which the pa- 
tients find ao:reeable. It is much employed in cold iu the head, pro- 
moting- the discharge of mucus, and imparts a pleasing sense of warmth 
to the whole head. Dr. R. P. Stevens speaks highly of its virtues iu 
this affection, combined with cloves and camphor, and taken as snuff. 
As a gargle it is verj'^ efficacious. 

Asthma. — The paroxysms of asthma are much relieved by it. I 
gave it with advantage to a female aged 57, who had been asthmatic 
since the change of life in 1850, and who suffered from frequent diar- 
rhea and dyspnoea, or difficult breathing. It completely dispelled an 
asthmatic cough iu a female of 30, who had aborted a few weeks be- 
fore. A.mong other cases, was a girl of 13, with hereditary asthma, 
and symptoms of stone in the bladder. She passed her water in bed, 
was fretful and irritable, and the urine was loaded with lithates. She 
rapidly improved under a suitable pectoral mixture and the compound 
sanguinaria powders, and in a little while was restored to perfect 
health. Its efficacy in asthma is confirmed by other observers, and 
amongst them may be mentioned Dr. Eberle, who speaks well of it. 
It is most valuable in whooping-cough. It should be combined with 
camphorated tincture of opium. 

Croup. — Dr. Nathan Smith, and others, speak of it as a sovereign 
remedy in this disease. Dr. Bird recommends its use in the membrane- 
ous stage, as an emetic, in the form of decoction. It expels the false 
membrane, and pioduces a stimulating effect upon the mouth and fau- 
ces. Dr. Barton pronouu'^es it an excellent remedy in malignant sore 
throat, croup, and similar affections, in the form of an emetic and 
stimulating expectorant. Dr. Ives recommends it as highly useful in 
the first stage of croup, and must be given so as to produce vomiting. 
He observes, that many physicians have relied, for years, wholly upon 
it as a remedy for croup. 

Diphtheria. — Of the three forms of this disease, the simple, 
croupal, and malignant, it is in the two last that the sanguinaria will 
be found especially useful. In my own practice, I employ this sub- 
stance as an emetic iu the croupal form; it acts with energy, and pro- 
duces a thrilling effect upon the entire mucous membrane of the fau- 
ces and respiratory tract, with a feeling of warmth. It, alone, seems 
to impart vitality to the suffering throat, and I recommend it with the 
very greatest confidence. 

In the malignant form of diphtheria, besides the most active treat- 
ment, as hydrochloric acid to the throat, etc., a gargle, of a warm 
decoction of sanguinaria in vinegar, is invaluable. 

Scarlatina. — Dr. Tully has used the decoction as a gargle with 
benefit, and Dr. Stevens, of Ceres, derived great benefit from full 
emetic doses of the decoction in the maligniint form of scarlatina. It 
removes the morbid secretions of the mucous membrane of the stom- 
ach, oesophagus, and fauces, and tends to break up the morbific influ- 
ence of the disease. In an epidemic of scarlatina, with symjjtoms of 
the most ahirming character. Dr. R. G. Jennings, of Virginia, after 
the failure of almost everj^thing else, includuig nitrate of silver, found 
gargles of the infusion of sanguinaria in vinegar most efficacious. 
They effectually cleansed the throat of viscid secretion, and atlorded 
much comfort to the suffering patients, allaying all irritation. 

Rheumatism lias been treated by Professors Smith and Ives, in 
the acute form, with the tincture or decoction, given till its operation 



Appendix to Medical Department. 333 

upon the skin and system generally becomes manifest. Very many 
other physicians spealv of its use in the chronic form. I have cured 
some cases of olironic rheumatism by the tincture and compound pow- 
der, In one, a female of 29, the subject of leucorrhea and rheumatism, 
all the pains disappeared in a fortnight, and even the leucoriheal dis- 
charge diminished. 

Hepatic or Liver Diseases. — In the Southern States, yellow fever, 
jaundice, inactivity of tlie liver, etc., from tlie nature of the climate, 
prevails, but the sanguinaria has been found by Dr. Macbride, of 
Charleston, of utility in torpor of the liver, with colic and yellowness 
of the skin. Jaundice he suhmitted to frequent trials of the medicine 
with advantage. Dr. A. D. Wilson cured a case of enlargement of the 
liver and spleen in a girl of 16, by the tincture and extract. The evi- 
dence of its value in jaundice, is favorable by a host of careful Amer- 
ican writers. 

Auienorrliea. — It is an emmenagogue of some importance and 
power. Indeed, its first known use among the native Indian women 
was for this purpose. If the patient is pletlxoric and of full habit, 
large doses are necessary ; and if combined with aloes, sliortly before 
the usual monthly period, it will scarcely or never fail to produce men- 
struation. 

Powder.— The usual dose of this as an emetic is from 10 to 20 
grs. suspended in water. It is preferable sometimes to administer it as 
a pill, to avoid the irritation of tlie fauces. Dr. Leonard frequently 
combines it with ipecacuanha; the dose is from 1 to 5 grs., repeated 
according to the effect desired. Grain doses will produce a diaphoretic 
and expectorant effect; if given every one or two hours, it will then 
exert a sedative action, and reduce the frequency of the pulse. 

Compound Powder. — Powdered blood-root, 2 scrs. ; opium, pow- 
dered, 1 scr.; sulphate of potass, powdered, 7 scrs. Mix. Dose. — 
Prom 3 to 15 grains. It is probably the least irritating of all the 
preparations. 

The Powder of Sanguinaria with Camphor. — Take of sanguin- 
aria, powdered, 1 scr. ; powdered camphor, 8 grs ; powdered cloves, 
32 grs. Mix. This is used in cold in the head, and proves very eflfica- 
cious. 

Infasion of Sanguinaria. — Sanguinaria, bruised, 5 drs. ; boiling 
water, 1 pt. Macerate for four hours, and strain. The emetic dose is 
from 3^ an oz. to t oz., at short intsrvals, till its effects are produced. 

Decoction of Sanguinaria. — Sanguinaria, bruised, 6 drs. ; distilled 
water, 13^ pts. Boil down to 1 pt., and strain. Dose same as the in- 
fusion. 

Extract of Sanguinaria. — This, and the powder, can be obtained 
of the medical botanists. The dose is from 1^ to % S^'' P^^ ^^^y. It is 
best to commence with a sixteenth, according to the strength of the 
patient. 

Tincture of Blood- Root. — This, also, can be bought. Will prove 
emetic in a dose of 2 to 4 drs. ; but is rather intendert to act as a stim- 
ulant to the stomach, expectorant, or alterative, for which purpose 20 
to 60 drops may be given every two or three hours in acute cases, and 
three or four times a day in chronic. 

Blood-Root Syrup. — Bruised blood-root, 23^ ozs. ; lobelia, J^ oz. ; 
white sugar, 13^ ozs.; water, 13^ pts.; gently simmer half an hour, 
till it thickens ; when cool, add 1 tea-spoon of paregoric elixir. Take 
1 table-spoon occasionally ; a child 1 tea-spoon, or less. This syrup 
is very valuable in chest complaints, bronchial affections, coughs, and 
difficult breathing. 



334 Appendix to Medical Department. 

BLOODY FLUX.— Feed on rice, sago, and beef-tea. To «top it 
take a spoon of suet melted over a slow fire. Do not bleed. 

A person was cured in one day by feeding" on rice milk, and sit- 
ting a quarter of an hour in a shallow tub, having in it warm water, 
three inches deep. 

BLOTCHES.— Blotches or pimples on the face and neck are often 
the effect of some functional derangement of the liver or stomach. 
Lotions in that case, do more harm than good. If they proceed from 
a disordered liver, take the compound colocynth and blue pill, (which 
a druggist will supply,) night and morning, for two or three days; 
then purge otf with two or three doses of Epsom salts and senna. If 
they proceed from derangement of the stomach, take 15 grs. of car- 
bonate of soda, 6 grs. of rhubarb, and 2 grs, of ginger, or cayenne 
pepper, in water, twice a day, and a compound colocynth pill every 
other day. Last thing at night rub the blotches with tallow, and in 
the morning apply fullers' earth about half an hour, wash off with 
warm water and soap; and during the day, several times, with elder- 
flower water. Take also extract of sarsaparilla, to purify the blood. 

BRONCHIAL TROCHES.— Powdered extract of licorice, 4 ozs. ; 
sugar, 2 ozs. ; powdered cubebs, 1 oz. ; gum arable, % ^^- ? powdered 
hemlock, 1 dr. Mix. 

BROWN OINTMENT.— Extract of henbane, 1 dr. ; yellow wax, 
3^ oz.; red precipitate, 2^ drs.; pure zinc, powdered, 134 ^^'^m fresh 
butter, 3 ozs. Melt and mix, and add 13^ drs. of camphor dissolved 
in olive oil. This ointment is good for ringworm, all cutaneous erup- 
tions, for ulcers, sore lips, itch, chronic ophthalmia, etc. 

BONESKT. — In this country it is a regular family medicine. It 
possesses emetic, expectorant, and sudorific properties. As a laxative 
it acts gently without irritating the bowels. In fevers it is very valu- 
able, relaxing the bowels and subduing the febrile symptoms. In 
rheumatism and influenza it has a good effect. The cold infusion is 
an excellent tonic. To produce a vomit, take 1 oz. of the powdered 
leaves, and infuse in 1 j^t. of hot water. Drink 1 cup every fifteen 
minutes until it takes effect. To promote perspiration, take small 
doses frequently. 

BLACKBERRY SYRUP— For Cholera and Summer Complaints. 
— Blackberry juice, Iqt. ; fine sugai-, 3^ lb. ; nutmegs, cinnamon, all- 
spice, of each, 34 oz.; cloves, 13^ drs.; cayenne pepper, 3^ dr. Pow- 
der them all, and gently boil them in the juice for about twenty min- 
utes. When cold, add % pt. of brandy. It relieves inward pains, 
cramp, and diarrhea. 

Blackberry Syrnp. — Make a syrup of 1 lb. of sugar, to each pint 
of water; boil until it is thick; add as many pints of the expressed 
juice of blackberries as there are pounds of sugar; put half a nutmeg 
grated to each quart of the syrup; boil fifteen or twenty minutes, then 
add half a gill of best French brandy for each quart of syrup; bottle 
it for use. A table-spoon for a child, or a wine-glass for an adult, is a 
dose. 

Blackberry Cordial. — To 1 gal. of blackberry juice put 4 lbs. of 
lump sugar. Boil and skim ofl". Then add 1 oz. of cloves, 1 oz. of 
cinnamon, 10 grated nutmegs; boil down till sufficiently rich. Let it 
cool and settle. Then drain oft* and add 1 pt. of brandy. 

Blackberry and Wine Cordial. — The following is recommended 
as a delightful beverage, and an infallible specific for diarrhea, or dis- 
eases of the bowels : To ^ bus. of blackberries, well mashed, add ^ 
lb. of allspice, 2 ozs. of cinnamon, 2 ozs. of cloves; pulverize well, 



Appendix to Medical Department, 335 

mix, and boil slowly until clone; then strain the juice through flannel, 
and add to each pint of the juice 1 lb. of loaf sugar; boil again for 
some time, take it off, and, while cooling, add 3^ gal. of best Cognac 
brand5\ Dose. — For an adult, a wine-glass; for a child, a tea-spoon 
or more, according to age. 

BITTER TOMC— Gentian root, 1 oz.; the yellow rind of a fresh 
lemon; put into a jar or bottle with hot water; let it stand. A cup 
in the morning promotes appetite. 

BL£EDI>0. — This is sometimes necessary in certain accidents, 
such as concussion, and therefore it is w^ell to know how to do it. First 
of all, bind up the arm above the elbow with a piece of bandage or a 
handkerchief, pi-etty firmly, then place your finger over one of the 
veins at the bend of the arm, and feel if there is any pulsation; if 
there is, try another vein, and if it does not pulsate or beat, choose 
that one. Now rub the arm from the wrist toward the elbow, place 
the left thumb upon the vein, and hold the lancet as you would a pen, 
and nearly at right angles to the vein, taking care to prevent its going 
in too far, by keeping the thumb near to the point, and resting the 
hand upon the little finger. Now place the point of the lancet on the 
vein, push it suddenly inwards, depress the elbow, and raise the hand 
upward and outward, so as to cut obliquely across the vein. When suf- 
ficient blood is drawn off, which is known by feeling the pulse at the 
wrist, and near the thumb, bandage the aim. If the pulse feels like a 
piece of cord, more blood should be taken away; but if it is soft, and 
can be easily pressed, the bleeding should be stopped. When you 
bandage the arm, place a piece of lint over the opening made by the 
lancet, and pass a bandage lightly but firmly around the arm, so as to 
cross it over the bend of the elbow, in the form of a figure 8. 

DRY CUPPING. — This is performed by throwing a piece of paper 
dipped into spirit of wine, and ignited, into a wine-glass, and placing 
it over the part, such as the neck, temples, etc. It thus draws the flesh 
into the glass, and causes a determination of blood to the part, which 
is useful in headache, and many other complaints. This is an excel- 
lent method of extracting the poison from wounds made by adders, 
mad dogs, etc. 

Ordinary cupping is performed the same as dry cupping, with this 
exception, that the part is scarified or scratched with a lancet so as to 
cause the blood to flow; then the elnss is placed over it again, with 
the lighted paper in it, and when sufficient blood has been taken away, 
then the parts are sponged, and a piece of sticking plaster applied 
over then). 

BLACK SALTE, or HEALING SALVE.— Olive oil, 1 pt.; com- 
mon resin, % oz.; bees-wax, 1^ oz. ; Venice turpentine, 34 oz. Melt, 
raising the oil nearly to the boiling point. Then gradually add 2 or 
3 ozs. of powdered red lead, while on the fire. Do not burn it. Boil 
slowly until it becomes a dark brown. Remove from the fire, aud add 
1 dr. of powdered camphor, when it is nearly cold. 

This is a first-rate healing salve, superior to most. It is wonderful 
in burns, scalds, scrofulous, fistulous, and all other ulcers. Spread on 
linen, and renew daily. 

COUGH REMEDIES.— The following are the best recipes for 
coughs. Some of them are of rare excellence : 

To Allay a Tickling Cough.— Six table-spoons of molasses; the 
juice of half a lemon; simmer over the fire till well incorporated; 
take oft*, and add 1 table-spoon of paregoric, and about the size of a • 
horse-bean of refined nitre. Take 2 tea-spoons when the cough 
troubles. 



336 Appendix to Medical Department. 

Take 4 ozs. of sugar candy, powdered ; % oz. of citric acid, or 
lemon juice. Mix by heat. Add a few drops of oil of anise-seed. If 
the cougli is not a dry one, add 20 drops of laudanum, or a dessert- 
spoon of paregoric. Take a tea-spoon at a time, when the cough is 
troublesome. 

Powder of tragacanth, 1 dr.; syrup of white poppies, 2 drs.; 
laudanum, 40 drops; water, 4 ozs. Siiake the powder iu the water till 
it is dissolved, then add the others. Dose. — A tea-spoon three times a 
day. 

Asthmatic Congh. — Take 2 good handfuls of colt's-foot leaves, 1 
oz. of garlic, and 2 qts. of water. Boil down to 3 pts. Strain, and to 
the liquor add 8 ozs. of sugar. Boil gentlj'- for ten minutes. Take 
half a cup occasionally. 

Consumptive Cough. — The following is a most valuable recipe : 
Sanctuary, horehound, bayberry bark, 2 pennyworth of each; and of 
agrimony, raspberry leaves, cleavers, and ground ivy, 1 pennyworth; 
extract of licorice, 4 ozs.; and 3^ a tea-spoon of cayenne pepper. 
Gently simmer in 2 gals, of water for an hour. 

The following has cured most obstinate coughs : Take 1 pt. of 
milk, warm it, and when it comes to the boiling point, add as much 
made mustard as will turn it to a posset. Take away the curd, and 
into % pt of the posset put 1 oz. of brown sugar candy, to dissolve. 
Take the posset as hot as you can at night, when in bed, and renew it 
for three or four times. This has given relief in asthma. 

A Dry Cougli. — Dissolve % oz. of gum arable, % oz. of Spanish 
juice, and 2 table-spoons of molasses, in a little warm water; add 3 
drs. of the syrup of squills, and 2 drs. of syrup of poppies. Cork 
and shake well. Take 1 tea-spoon when the cough is annoying; drink 
linseed tea, sweetened with sugar candy. 

Chew a little Peruvian bark, constantly swallowing the spittle. It 
seldom fails to cure a dry cough. — Wesley. 

Two or 3 table-spoons of linseed, a small bunch of horehound; 
boil to a jelly, and strain. Add 3^ lb. of sugar cand}^ 34 ^^- of honey, 
}4. lb. of loaf sugar. First boil the horehound in 1 qt, of water; then 
add the strained linseed and the other articles. Simmer for two 
hours. When cold, add of chlorodyne to the value of 25 cents. Bot- 
tle it and cork tight. A small quantity of spirits of wine or brandy, 
to keep it. When the cough is troublesome, take a table-spoon. This 
recipe is invaluable. 

Balsam of tolu, '^ oz. ; gum storax, }4. ^^-'i opium, 8 grs.; best 
honey, 2 ozs. ; spirits of wine, % P^- Digest for six days, and strain. 
If the cough is fast, add }^ oz. of ipecacuanha in powder. 

An old remedy is to dissolve 2 ozs. of mutton suet in 1 qt. of milk, 
and drink it warm. This relieves a violent cough. 

Beat well the yolk of an Q^g, put it in a mortar, and add % dr. of 
powdered spermaceti, a little fine sugar, and 1 table-spoon of paregoric 
elixir. Take a table-spoon when the cough is troublesome. 

Dr. James recommends a mixture of vinegar and molasses in equal 
quantities; a tea-spoon to be taken when required. Or, take }4 Pt- of 
vinegar, 3^ oz. of Spanish juice, 1 oz. each of sugar candy and spirits 
of wine. A table-spoon at a time. 

Take honey and molasses, of each 4 ozs.; best vinegar, 5 ozs. 
Mix, and slowly simmer them in a common pipkin for fifteen minutes. 
When the mixture is cold, add 1 dessert-spoon of paregoric elixir. 
Dose. — A table-spoon tliree or four limes a day. This is very useful 
in the coughs of children, as it has a very pleasant taste. Dose. — One 
or two tea-spoons. 



Appendix to Medical Department, 377 

Or, peel and slice a large turnip, spread coarse sugar between the 
slices, and let it stand in a dish till all the juice drains down. Take a 
spoon of this when you cough. 

Or, take a spoon of syrup of horehound morning and evening. 

Or, take from 10 to 20 drops of elixir of vitriol, in a glass of water, 
two or three times a day. This is useful when the cough is attended 
with costiveness, or a relaxation of the stomach and lungs. 

For a tickling cough, drink water whitened with oatmeal four 
times a day. 

Or, keep a piece of barley-sugar or sugar-candy constantlv in the 
mouth. 

Congh Drops.— Gum guiacum, 2 drs.; camplior, 2 scrs.; castile 
soap, Iscr. ; laudanum, 40 drops; spirits of wine, 2 ozs.; balsam of 
Peru, 24 drops. Mix. Dose.— Ten or 15 drops three or four times a 
day. 

CoDgh Drops.— Linseed, 1^ cup; olive oil, y^ pt.; molasses or 
honey, % pt. ; spirits of turpentine, balsam of fir, % oz, each; extract 
of licorice, }^ oz. Mix, and simmer. Take from 10 to 20 drops two 
or three times a day. 

Cough Lozenges.— Best Spanish licorice, 1 oz. ; refined sugar, 2 
ozs.; gum arabic, finely powdered, 2 drs.; and extract of opium, 1 scr. 
Well beat, or pouhd the whole together; then, with mucilage of gum 
tragacanth, make into small lozenges, to be dissolved in the mouth 
when the cough is troublesome. 

Cough Lozenges. — Laudanum, 1 oz. ; balsam of tolu, \% ozs.; 
licorice, 3)^ ozs. ; ipecacuanha powder, 2 ozs. ; oil of anise-seeds, 3^ 
oz. ; starch, 1 lb.; sugar, 3 lbs. ; mucilage to mix. 

Coiigh, For.— Lobelia, 2 ozs.; cayenne, 34 oz.; vinegar, 1 pt. ; 
sugar, 2 ozs. Boil the vinegar, and pour it hot upon the herb, etc., 
into a stone bottle; cork close for a few daj^s. Dose. — For a cough, 
half a tea-spoon, or a piece of loaf sugar moistened with it. 

Or, take of lobelia, 2 drs.; blood-root, 1 dr.; skunk cabbage, 1 dr.; 
pleurisy-root, 1 dr. Make into pills with molasses, honey, or balsam 
of Peru. Dose. — One or two, twice a day. 

Cough PHI. — Extract of henbane, ^ oz. ; ipecacuanha, }^ oz.; 
extract of balm of Gilead buds, 1^ oz. ; cayenne, 2 grs.; oil of mint, 3 
drops. Form into pills. Take one or two wlien needful. In bron- 
chiti.«, catarrh, etc., these pills are invaluable for cough. 

Cough Plaster.— Castile soap, 1 oz ; lead plaster, 2 drs.; pow- 
dered sal-ammoniac,.J^ dr. Mix the soap and lead plaster together, 
and wlien the mass has cooled, add the sal-ammoniac, and 1 di-. of 
cayenne pepper. 

Cough, Plaster for.— Bees-wax, Burgundy pitch, and resin, of 
each, 1 oz; melt them together, and stir in % oz. of common turpen- 
tine, and % oz. of oil of mace. Spread it on leather, grate some nut- 
meg over, and apply quite warm to the pit of the stomach. 

Cough Syrup.— Hyssop and rue, of each, 1 oz.; horehound, 1 oz. ; 
acid tincture of lobelia, 3 ozs. ; essence of pennyroyal, 1 dr. ; essence 
of spearmint, 2 drs. Boil the hyssop, rue, and horehound till the 
strength is obtained ; strain, and add sugar and molasses. Boil to a 
syrup, and when nearly cold, add the tincture and essences. 

Cough Syrup.— Sage, 1 oz. ; johnswort, 1 oz.; Iceland moss, 2 ozs.; 
white poppy heads, 2 ozs. ; pearl barley, 2 table-spoons; water, 2 qts. 
Boil to 1 qt., and sweeten with sugar candy, adding a little lemon 
juice. If the cough is obstinate, add ^ oz. of ipecacuanha. If the 
patient is asthmatic, add 1 oz. of sulphuric ether. 

15 



338 Appendix to Medical Department. 

Cough Syriip. — Tincture of lobelia,! oz. ; Iceland moss, 2 ozs. ; 
white poppy capsules, bruised, 2 ozs.; pearl barley, 2 table-spoons; 
water, 2 qts. ; molasses, 2 ozs. Boil down to 3 pts., and strain. Dis- 
solve in it from 4 to 8 ozs. of sugar candy. It effectually allays a 
tickling cough. A table-spoon when the cough is troublesome. It 
does not constipate lilve laudanum and paregoric. 

Or, take lobelia herb, horehound, boneset, 1 oz. of each ; comfrey 
root, spikenard, St. John's wort, poppy capsules, ^ oz. of each. In- 
fuse in 3 pts. of boiling water for three hours. Strain, and add \ lb. 
of loaf sugar boiled to a syrup. Add a wine-glass of best rum. A 
table-spoon is a dose. This is a valuable recipe for cough, hoarse- 
ness, etc. 

CATHARTICS. — Medicines increasing the discharge from the 
bowels. 

CATHARTIC POWDER.— Best senna, ginger, camomile flowers, 
of each 1 oz. ; jalap, 3^ oz. Powder fine, and mix well. Take from a 
half to a tea-poon in warm water or tea. This is a valuable aperient; 
it is powerful, and yet mild; effectually cleanses the bowels, and pro- 
duces a healthy action in them, and also upon the liver. 

CATNIP — Is carminative, diaphoretic, and refrigerant. It pro- 
duces jjerspiration effectually, and is most useful in colds; throwing off 
fever, and restoring to health rapidly. It is good for nervous com- 
plaints, indigestion, wind, colic, and is very suitable for infants and 
children in belly-ache, flatulency, etc. Dose. — Infuse a small quantity 
in a pint of boiling water. It is a good fomenter in swellings. 

CAMOMILE. — The flowers possess antispasmodic, carminative, 
cordial, and diaphoretic effects. The infusion of the flowers greatly 
promotes digestion, and with the addition of a few drops of elixir of 
vitriol, has arrested the worst of fevers. A strong decoction proves an 
emetic, and greatly cleanses the stomach. 

CRANESBILL. — It is a fine plant. It strengthens the stomach 
and bowels, restraining all excessive evacuations, and preventing in- 
ternal mortification. In bowel complaints, and fluxes, it is of great 
use. A decoction of the root forms a valuable gargle in quinsy, sore 
mouth and throat. For bleeding wounds it is a sovereign styptic. 
The root bruised and saturated with cold water should be applied to 
the wound. Dose. — Powdered root, from twelve grains. Decoction, 
boil an ounce in a pint of water; a table-spoon. 

CHARCOAL MEDICINE.— It is much used in Mexico, and in 
South America, where few drugs are procurable, save those "simples" 
which the ingenuity and experience of tlie Indian Herbalists have de- 
vised. Freshly burnt charcoal, reduced to powderand given in water, 
is in great repute. It immediately removes ofl'ensive odors from intest- 
inal and renal discharges, and purifies the breath, it removes offensive 
exhalations from any part of the body, either given in water, or in the 
form of pills, made up in wheat flour, or gum mucilage. It removes 
pains about the right shoulder caused by obstructions of the liver. As 
an antiacid, either alone, or combined with rhubarb, and carbonate of 
soda, it speedily and permanently removes heartburn. Charcoal is a 
powerful antiseptic, removing, or checking decay, and must be very 
valuable in the incipient stages of consumption. 

CULVER'S ROOT. — This is a good purgative, tonic, diaphoretic, 
antiseptic, etc. Its operation is mild, without producing weakness or 
prostration, and is most effective in fevers, to remove black and morbid 
matter from the bowels. Good for indigestion, to purify the blood, 
and acts powerfully on the absorbent system. Valuable in dropsy. 
Dose. — One or two spoons in a small cup of water sweetened. 



Appendix to Medical Department. 339 

COMPOSITION POWDER— Thompson's.— Take bayberiy, 8 ozs. ; 
ginger, 8 ozs. ; poplar bark, 4 ozs.; white oak bark, 4 ozs.; cayenne 
pepper, 3^ ozs-; cloves, 3^ oz. Powder and mix intimately. Dissolve 
a tea-spoon in a cup of boiling water, sweetened. Valuable to remove 
colds, influenza, fever, relax pain in the bowels, cold extremities. 
For promoting perspiration, and morbific matter, the cause of disease, 
it is invaluable. When taken, the patient should go to bed, and apply 
the hot brick, etc. 

THE COLD WATER CURE.— The cold water treatment is that 
which nature has placed in the power of all her creatures ; and without 
water taken inwardly and applied outwardly, there can be no health. 
Nature has no secrets in giving man life; she has implanted within 
him the knowledge of that which is to support and render pleasant the 
life. " I leave behind me," said a celebrated physician, on his death- 
bed, '■'■two great physicians^ diet and water.'''' 

Water is the great dissolvent in nature. If the primary ducts be 
obstructed, water dilutes, attenuates, divides, and scatters the impuri- 
ties contained in them ; and these are afterwards ejected by the stomach 
and intestines. If disease be settled in the blood, and the morbific 
matter deposited in the dififerent organs of the animal economy, nothing 
is so eff'ectual as water to dilute the thickened and blunt the acute ; to 
revivify that* which languishes, extinguish that which burns, and to 
open again all the passages by which injurious humors can escape. 

Cold water creates a sudorific process causijig perspiration, without 
wearying the organic system. It is supported by copious draughts of 
cold water, which quench the thirst, moisten and refresh the blood, 
replace the lost juices, and maintain the tone of the muscles. 

The drinking of cold water, and its application to the body by 
various processes, convey the morbid humors to the skin, whence they 
exude in eruptions, boils, and abscesses. These eruptions, constituting 
the crisis of the complaint, are the certain sign of a perfect cure. 
After the unwholesome juices are driven out and replaced by whole- 
some ones, then follow the restoration of the digestive powers, and the 
freeing of all the organs by the dissolving of all obstructions; the vital 
and animal functions are re-established in their former harmony ; and 
thus nothing then remains but health, a treasure which can only be 
preserved by continuing the system by which it has been obtained. 

Some will ask, Is the cold water treatment applicable to all de- 
scriptions of disease ? We answer, that its application must be of ad- 
vantage in the large number of acute and chronic diseases. There are 
cases, however, wherein some essential organ having become defective, 
art can do no more than prolong existence and alleviate suflering. 
Among such exceptions are consumption, organic diseases of the heart, 
of the lungs, of the large vessels, dropsy, etc. Yet all these cases, and 
others deemed incurable, by the moderate judicious use of some of the 
cold water applications, will insure relief and palliation of pain. 

Again will the cold water treatment produce a radical cure ? What 
is to be understood by the word radical ? If it means the final extir- 
pation from the system the cause of disease, and the relief of the patient 
from pain, then, the cure by the cold water method is radical! But if 
to be radical, a cure is sought which is to prevent a return of the dis- 
ease, in cases of parties exposing themselves to the same influences 
which originated the disease, then neither this nor any other means of 
treatment will produce such an eff"ect. 

As to danger from the cold water treatment there can be no active 
mode of treatment more innocent, with reference to its present or 



340 Appendix to Medical Department. 

future effects, if applied with judgment; but if not, it may be followed 
by very dangerous consequences. 

The water used must be cold and fresh, and soft ; that is, it must 
have the quality of dissolving, and therefore must be cold, and without 
any mineral properties. To prove its fitness, linen cloth washed in it 
must become white, and vegetables dressed in it must be tender. 

The Sweating Process is the most disagreeable part of the treat- 
ment; but it is the most important, and the benefits derived from it 
compensate for the unpleasantness of its duration. 

The patient is enclosed, naked, in a large coarse blanket, the legs 
extended, and the arms kept close to the body; the blanket is then 
wound round it, as tight as possible, turning it well under at the feet; 
over this is placed, and well tucked in a small feather bed, sometimes 
two; and then a sheet and a counterpane are spread over all; thus the 
patient resembles a mummy. Sometimes, when perspiration is diffi- 
cult, the head, except the face, is covered. Perspiration begins in 
about 45 minutes, and then the irritation goes off: The patient should 
lie perspiring at least one hour. The windows in the room must be 
opened, and a glass of cold water given every half hour, to refresh the 
patient, and promote perspiration. If there is headache, a damp cloth 
may be wrapped round the head. This process does not weaken the 
patient; he loses neither weight nor strength, but improves in personal 
appearance, even under several processes. 

The necessary duration of the process may be known by profuse 
perspiration on the patient's face. The person should be washed well 
in warm or tepid water. The sweating process must be used with great 
care, and the constitution of the patient must he considered. M. Pries- 
snitz, of Silesia, practiced and recommended the cold bath immediately 
afterwards. " Strange as it may appear to many," says Dr. Graham, 
"I consider the determination towards the skin, induced by the per- 
spiring blankets, to be a great advantage, prior to the use of the cold 
bath; because the internal organs are thereby relieved, and the shock 
has quite a different effect on them from what it would have if they 
were not first soothed, and the skin relieved." 

By this process internal diseases are often brought to the surface, 
and pass away ; the nervous sj'stem is wonaerf ully strengthened ; and 
skin diseases are annihilated. The sweating contains morbid matter. 
M. Priessnitz justly remarks: 

" Covered and swaddled with clothes, in our darkness we do not 
see that if the corrupt and dirty matter from daily insensible perspira- 
tion, or from sensible sweating, is not.carefully cleared from the skin 
by washing, it must increase and attach itself to the skin, close the 
pores, and obstruct the excretion so indispensable to health, and must 
inevitabl}', from such evil tendency, at last produce disease. We relax 
and debilitate the skin, by dressing so warmly duriiig the day, and 
sleeping on feather beds at night, or by washing ourselves with warm 
water. 

The Cold Bath. — Do not bathe soon after walking. During the 
bathing immerse the head several times in cold water. Keep in motion 
during the time. Priessnitz advises his patients to avoid the second 
sensation of cold, which is a sort of fever, by leaving the bath before 
it is felt, that they may avoid a too powerful re-action provoked by a 
great subtraction of heat. Take a glass or two of water immediately 
after the bath. 

The Douche Bath is very efficacious in extracting the morbid 
humors from all the parts they have seized upon for years. In long 



^ - Appendix to Medical Department, 341 

continued complaints the douche is a most powerful remedial agent. 
It removes the weakness of the skin, and strengthens it. It renders the 
body hardy, and fortifies it to endure all changes of the air. It power- 
fully excites the muscular and nervous systems. Tlie Douche Bath is 
a stream of falling water as thick as the wrist, and permitted to fall on 
the diseased parts of the body, which it benefits and strengthens. The 
water should fall from 12 to 18 feet. 

The Eye Bath is a glass instrument made to fit the eye, so as to 
apply cold water, the eye being opened at the same time. 

The Finger Bath is used for Whitlows, etc. Place the finger 
in a glass of water, four times a day for a quarter of an hour each 
time; and the elbow in water twice a day, and put on a heatingband- 
age above the elbow, to draw the inflammation from the hand. 

The Foot Bath is used when the doctors would order warm 
baths. Thus headaches, toothaches, eye-inflammation, and a flow of 
blood to the head, are always relieved by the foot bath, with the addi- 
tion of wet bandages on the parts affected. But the foot-tub should 
not contain more than from two to four inches depth of water, just 
enough to cover the foot, not the ankles; for toothache an inch is 
enough, and the time from 15 to 30 minutes. For sprains the water 
must be up to the ankles. The water to be changed as soon as it feels 
warm. Afterwards apply friction, or walk out, to restore the warmth. 
Dr. Graham says, '*Ican recommend the foot-bath, with confidence, 
in determination of blood to the head, in headache, in atfections of the 
eyes, and in habitual coldness of the feet." 

The Head Bath is a vessel with a few inches of water for bath- 
ingthe back part of the head, to cure its rheumatic pains, common 
hea daches, rheumatic inflammation of the eyes, deafness, loss of 
appetite, delirium tremens, giddiness of the head, and to prevent apo- 
plesxy. It often causes bad morbific matter to exude from behind the 
ear. 

The Sitz or Sitting Bath is a small shallow tub 18 inches in 
diameter, with water 3 or 4 inches deep, in which the patient sits, with 
his feet on the ground, for 15 minutes or more, two or three times a 
day. It wonderfully strengthens the nerves, draws down humors 
from the head and chest, relieves flatulency, and has the most impor- 
tant results to those who lead a sedentary life. Use only 3 or 4 inches 
of water, as a larger quantity would remain cold, and perhaps cause 
congestion to the upper extremities; a wet bandage to the head will, 
however, prevent any congestion. Rub the abdomen as much as 
possible, while in the bath, with the wet hand. It is a most valuable 
hath. It is a remedy of great power in weak bowels, piles, congestion 
in the liver, chlorosis, and other female complaints; its value is little 
known. 

Cooling Bandages. — These are mostly used in inflammation, 
congestion of blood, headache, rheumatism, etc., and should always be 
accompanied by the sitz bath. Linen is iirst wetted in cold water, 
doubled in several folds, and placed on the parts aflfected; renew them 
as they get warm. 

Stimulating Bandages. — They are dipped in cold water, then 
well wrung out, then applied to the part affected so as to exclude the 
external air; to effect this, an outside bandage is placed over the first, 
which retains and throws back the moisture. Heat is thus generated, 
and has an exciting and dissolving i)roperty, which stimidates perspira- 
tion, and draws out the vicious humors. For throat and chest com- 
plaints, they are worn one round the neck, and one on the chest, at 



342 Appendix to Medical Department, 

night; for weak and inflamed eyes, one is worn at the back of the 
head or neck at night; for weak digestion and cases of debility, one 
round llie waist, all day; and for gout and rheumatism, the legs are 
wrapped in them night and morning. The umschlag or stimulating 
bandage, is always used for wounds, bruises, and diseased parts, and 
for pain in any particular region of the body. Its alleviating power is 
most surprising. 

The bandage for the waist is a towel, three yards long, and one 
foot wide; of this, one-third is dry, and two-thirds wet. The wet part 
is placed on the belly, the dry covers it. It is made tight round the 
body. It is a cure for intestine congestion, for constipation of the 
bowels, relaxation, colic, and for gripes. It rallies the powers of the 
stomach, increases its heat, and by assisting digestion, enables the 
system to form better juices. Gout, rheumatism, enlargement of the 
bones, abscesses, chronic inflammation, cancers, caries, and syphilitic 
ulcers, demand the application of these bandages; for they relieve 
pain when all other remedies fail. 

The Wet Sheet. — All diseases of the skin, as ringworms, small 
pox, measles, and scarlet fever, may be cured by the wet sheet. Do not 
start at this, for it is consonant with reason. It soothes the patient, 
promotes the eruption, and in fevers it produces salutary perspiration. 

Spread a blanket on a bed, then on it a wtt sheet, well wrung out; 
wrap the patient close up in it, except his face; wind the blanket round 
the body, already cased in the sheet; then add plenty of blankets, tuck 
them well in, and the necessary perspiration will soon be generated. 
To stop fever, change the blanket every hour or half hour. "In des- 
perate cases," says a medical writer, "we have known this done fifty 
times in little more than 24 hours, and perseverance in this treatment 
ends infallibly in success." 

When the fever has abated, the patient is placed in a bath of tepid 
water (about 64° Fahrenheit,) for a quarter of an hour; during which 
time two persons must rub him briskly with the hand, water being 
taken up from the bath occasionally, and poured over his head and 
shoulders. The wet sheet, or bandage, is not unpleasant long; the 
patient gets warm almost directly; but we must not regard inconven- 
ience or unpleasantness for a cure. Are drugs, blisters, and leeches 
pleasant ? But the application of cold water, in any way, relieves the 
skin, excites it, and disencumbers it of obstructions which close the 
orifices of the pores, a reaction of the whole system ensues, a heat be- 
ing created on the surface, 40 or 50 degrees above the usual tempera- 
ture of the body. The body imbibes a portion of the water, which in 
conjunction with the heat newly caused, softens and dissolves the 
morbid humors, and assists in their exudation by the pores of the skin. 

Ablutions. — Where persons ai-e very weak, washing and rubbing 
the body must be done, in place of the bath or douche; and water may 
be poured over the heads of feverish patients, and rubbed on the 
shoulders and parts aftected. If the patient be too weak to allow of 
this rubbing, a wet sheet is thrown over him, on which the friction is 
applied. This is of great advantage in weak cases and young children. 
The ablutions are an essential, agreeable, and valuable portion of the 
cold water system. In trifling complaints, gout in its infancy, nervous 
irritability, or in weakness in the skin, ablutions, accompanied by 
drinking abundantly cold water are very often suflScient to establish 
health. Ablutions should be performed in the morning immediately 
on getting out of bed, before the body has become chilled, and the 
patient must afterwards take exercise in the open air. Fatigued per- 



Appendix to Medical Department 343 

sons may try the wet sheet and rubbing-, and they will speedily find 
the benefit of it. To use the wet sheet as an ablution, the patient 
stands up, and the servant flings it over his head and body; rub the 
body well for five minutes, then talie off the wet sheet, and put on a dry 
one. ThFs is a certain relief for fatigue and over-exertion. 

Cold Water Drinking. — The best time both for drinking cold 
water and exercise is before breakfast. Then they both produce their 
56^^ effects; but the only general rule prescribed by Priessnitz is to 
drink cold water as much, and at all times, as it can be done without 
inconvenience. Water may be drank after breakfast, but the stomach 
must not be over-charged. At dinner also a few glasses may be taken 
to moisten the food; after that the stomach must be left to itself; and 
after the lapse of a few hours, we may go on drinking cold water until 
supper time. It may be taken after supper, but not so as to disturb 
the rest. Exercise, which is in itself a part of the curative process, ex- 
cites the beneficial action of the water, and promotes the cure. The 
water should be fresh from the spring, and as cold as possible. Stoppers 
must be kept in the bottles and decanters which hold it, as the water 
then will preserve its coldness and freshness much longer. 

Advice. — Immediately on rising in the morning, rinse the mouth, 
and wash the teeth with cold water, then drink two or three glasses of 
spring water; after this, the whole body, especially the head, must be 
washed. If a thickness in the throat be felt, gargle well, and rub the 
outside of the throat three or four times a day, with a cold wet hand; 
keep the water in the mouth until it becomes warm, then repeat it. 
This method is recommended for clearing and strengthening the throat. 

Dandelion. — This very valuable plant is well known. It is 
diuretic, tonic, and aperient, and has a direct action in removing ob- 
structions of the liver, kidneys and other viscera. It is peculiarly 
valuable in all liver complaints, derangement of the digestive organs, 
and in dropsical aftections. Had not this plant been so common and 
so cheap, it would be prized like gold\ An infusion or decoction may 
be made of the roots and leaves. But the extract is the best, thus pre- 
pared; Take up the roots in September, clean them ; bruise in a mor- 
tar, and press out tlie juice; strain and put it upon a plate in a warm 
room to evaporate, and render it thick and solid. Dose. — From a 
scruple to a drachm three times a day. 

Dandelion has cured liver complaints when all other means have 
failed. " The more dandelion is used, the more certain proof will it 
afibrd of its utility." — Dr. J. Johnson. 

Dandelion Beer. — Dandelion root, % lb. to 1 gallon of water; 
boil well and when cooled, new milk warm, add 1 lb. sugar, 1 oz. gin- 
ger, a lemon, and 1 oz. cream of tartar. Add a little yeast. It is very 
good for the liver and digestion. 

Dandelion Coffee. — Good coffee, 3 parts; hard extract of dande- 
lion, 1 part; chickory, 1 part. Reduce them to a coarse powder, and 
mix, and grind them together. Good for the digestion and affections 
of the liver. 

DISCUTIENT OINTMENT.— Deadly night shade, bark of bitter- 
sweet root, Cicuta leaves, stramonium leaves, of each 3 ozs. ; lard 13^ 
lb. Bruise and simmer the roots in spirits; then add the lard, and 
simmer till the ingredients are crisp, and strain. A great disperser of 
scrofulous and glandulor swellings. 

DIURETICS. — Medicines increasing the secretion of the urine. 

Diuretic Decoction. — Queen of the meadow, wild carrot root seed, 
spearmint, milkweed^ dwarf elder, juniper-berries, of each, 2 ozs. 



344 Appendix to Medical Department, 

Bruise, and boil a short time in two quarts of water, Very useful in 
gravel and dropsy. A cupful to be taken occasionally. 

Diuretic Drops.— Tincture of kino, % oz.; balsam of copaiba, 
spirits of turpentine, of each 1 oz. ; sweet spirits of nitre, 2 ozs. ; queen 
of tiie meadow, 1 oz. Mix, and add one scr. of camphor. Take nearly 
a teaspoonful in mucilage. Most valuable for scalding urine, inflam- 
mation of tlie kidneys, etc. 

Diuretic Infusion.— Parsley seed, '^ oz. ; cleavers, ^ oz. ; bur- 
dock seeds, ^ oz. ; coolwort, ^ oz. ; spearmint, 3^oz.; juniper berries, 
^ oz, ; linseed, )^ oz, ; gum arable, 3>^ oz. Pour upon these two 
quarts of boiling water; infuse two or three hours, covering the vessel. 
Strain, and add 3^ pint of best gin, 4 ozs. of honey and 3 tablespoon- 
fuls of slippery elm. This is a most valuable diuretic; it is cooling 
and allays all urinary affections, gravel, scalding urine, and it causes 
an easy and sufficient flow of the same. 

Diuretic Fills. — Calcined magnesia, 1 dr.; solidified copaiba, 2 
ozs.; extract of cubebs, 1 oz.; oilof turpentine, 4 drops; oil of juniper, 
6 drops; form into 3 grain pills. Take one or two a few times a day. 
A sovereign remedy for diseases of the kidneys, bladder, uretha, gravel, 
whites, and venereal complaints. 

DOVER'S POWDERS. — Ipecacuanha, in powder, 1 dr.; powdered 
opium, 1 dr.; powdered saltpetre, 1 oz. All well mixed. Dose. — 
From 8 to 20 grains. 

DECOCTION OF SARSAFARILLA.— Take 4 ozs. of the root and 
slice it down, put the slices into 4 pints of water, and simmer for four 
hours. Take out the sarsaparilla, and beat it into a mash ; put it into 
the liquor again, and boil down to two pints, then strain and cool the 
liquor, Dose. — A wineglassful three times a day. Use. To purify 
the blood after a course of mercury ; or, indeed, whenever any taint is 
given to the constution, vitiating the blood, and producing eruptive 
affections. 

DIAPHORETIC POWDER.— Ipecacuanha powder, 2 grs. ; puri- 
fied opium, % gr. ; nitrate of potass, or saltpetre, 10 grs. Take at bed- 
time in a severe attack of influenza, or bronchitis, in gruel. Henbane 
is preferable to opium. 

DY.>FEPTIC PILL. — Colocynth, castile soap, gamboge, of each 2 
ozs. ; socotrine aloes, 4 ozs. ; oil of cloves, 2 drs. : extract of gentian, 4 
ozs. Mix and form into pills. Most valuable for indigestion, and 
cleansing the stomach, and giving it tone. 

EXTRACTS— To Make.— Take of the plant, root , or leaves you 
wish to make the extract from, any quantity, add suflScient water, and 
boil them gradually, then pour off" the water and add a second quantity 
repeat the process until all the virtue is extracted, then mix the several 
decoctions, and evaporate at as low a temperature as possible, to the 
consistence of an extract. Extracts are better made in a water-bath, 
and in close vessels, and for some very delicate articles, the evaporation 
may be carried on at a very low temperature, in a vacuum, by surround- 
ing the vessel with another containing sulphuric acid. Manufacturing 
druggists usually add to every seven pounds of extract, gum arable, 4 
ozs. ; alcohol, 1 oz. ; olive oil, 1 oz. This mixture gives the extract a 
gloss, and keeps it soft. 

EMETIC MIXTURE.— Ipecacuanha wine, % oz. ; water, 1 oz. ; 
simple syrup, 3^ oz. Mix. For a child, 20 drops, or more, every 
quarter of an hour until vomiting ensues. An adult may take from 
half to one ounce. 

EMETIC POWDER.— Ipecacuanha and lobelia, of each 2 ozs. ; 



"Appendix to Medical Department. 345 

blood-root, 1 oz. Powder, and mix well. Take half a teaspoonful 
every twenty minutes till it operates. 

EXPECTORANT TINCTURE.— See ''Anti-spasmodic Tincture," 
which is the same. 

FEMALE PILL.— Aloes and lobelia, of each 1 dr. ; black cohosh, 
gum myrrh, tansy, unicorn root, of each 1 oz. ; cayenne, 3^ oz. Mix, 
and form into pills with solution of gum. These pills remove female 
obstructions, and are good for head aches, lowness of spirits, nervous- 
ness, and sallowness of the skin. 

Or, aloes, red oxide of iron, white turpentine, of each 1 oz. Mix. 
Melt the turpentine, and strain; mix well; form into pills with 
mucilage. Take two or three per day. 

FEYER DRINKS.— The juice of the lemon, cream-of-tartar, 1 tea- 
spoonful; water, 1 pint. Sweeten with loaf sugar. When the patient 
is thirsty, let him drink freely. 

FEBRIFUGES.— Medicines abating heat and fever. 

Febrifuge. — Take houseleek; place in a coarse cloth, and squeeze 
out the juice, and strain; to 1 lb. of which add 1 ftj. of loaf sugar; 
simmer a short time to form a syrup. Give a tablespoonful every two 
hours. In fevers this acts like magic, — in all kinds of fever. 

GREGORY'S POWDER.— A prescription of the celebrated Dr. 
James Gregory, of Edinburgh. The Doctor was in the habit of fre- 
quently using it himself, and prescribing it so largely for his patients, 
that in time every chemist's shop in Scotland prepared it for the use of 
the public. It is a very excellent stomachic, antacid, and carminative, 
and may be given with equal confidence to children as to adults. 

Gregory's powder is made by mixing intimately, in a wedgwood 
mortar, 1 oz, or part of powdered Jamaica ginger, 2 ozs. or parts of 
powdered rhubarb, and 6 ozs. or parts of calcined magnesia. The 
dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, in a little plain or 
peppermint water, two or three times a day. 

GREEN OINTMENT. — One ounce each chickweed, tansy, worm- 
wood, horehound, hops, and a pinch of salt, finely powdered. Bruise, 
put into a kettle, cover over with Jard and some spirits of wine. 
Infuse a week or two, and then simmer a little over the fire. Add 
from 8 to 12 ozs. of Venice turpentine. This salve is very healing, 
applied to wounds, sores, and ulcers. It is useful in contusions, 
sprains, swelliiio^s, etc. 

HOUSELEEK. — An excellent plant, so called from growing most 
frequently on the roofs of cottages. 

It is used as a cooling application to sores, ulcers, etc. The juice 
mixed with cream is good for inflammation of the eyes, and erysipelas. 
Taken inwardly it is good for fevers, cooling them down wonderfully. 
IPirst give a purgative to cleanse the stomach and bowels; then bruise the 
houseleek; adding to the juice its weight in fine sugar to form a syrup. A 
tablespoonful every two hours. Drink balm or catnip tea. This receipt is 
worth gold. 

SENGREEN— Senipervivum Tectorum. — The common houseleek. 
This is one of the most popular of our native plants among the people 
and one which, from our experience, we can recommend especially as 
an external remedy to painful bruises and contusions, the fresh roots 
or stems being scraped and applied, with all their moisture, to the 
injury. In cases of dimness of sight, the juice of the plant dropped 
into the eye is said to effect remarkable benefit. It is, however, as an 
external application to ill-conditioned sores and ulcers, to abrasions, 
eruptions, such as shingles, and contused wounds, that we regard sen- 
green as a most valuable remedy. 



34^ Appendix to Medical Department. 

LIME LINIMENT. — Linseed or common ollt^e oil and lime-water, 
equal parts, to be well shaken before usino:, is good for scrofulous or 
other sores, and still more for burns or scalds. 

LI.WE WATER. — Put unslacked lime into a tub; cover it with 
pure water; stir often for one day; then strain off the water, and keep 
for use. It is an anti-acid tonic, kills worms, and frees the bowels 
from slimy and morbific matter. It promotes digestion; it is valuable 
in looseness, scrofula, diabetes, and whites. Mixed with a decoction 
of Peruvian bark, it wonderfully strengthens the debilitated, and those 
threatened with atrophy. 

LOBELIA. — An American plant, containing most valuable medical 
properties. It was first used with great advantage, as an emetic, by the 
American Indians, and was brought into notoriety by Dr. Samuel 
Thompson. It is emetic and stimulating, and Dr. Beech says, "from 
its action on the great sympathetic nerve, its effect is felt throughout 
the whole system. It exerts a peculiar action upon the trachea and 
bronchial vessels, expelling all collected mucus." It must therefore be 
very valuable in asthma, croup, whooping cough, consumption. The 
greatest benefit from it has been found in dj^spepia, coughs, asthma, 
liver complaints, etc.. It has relieved asthmatic subjects when on the 
point of suffocation by accumulated phlegm, cough, etc. Also in 
pneumonia of infants. 

It is a valuable sudorific; it relaxes the constricted pores of the 
skin, and promotes free perspiration. The leaves, seeds, and seed- 
vessels may be given in powder, and tincture. Dose of the powder, 
from a drachm, or a small teaspoonful; of the tincture, a teaspoonful. 

LOGWOOD — An Antiseptic. — Dr. Desmartis, in a paper to the 
Academy of Sciences, announces that Campeachy Logwood (Hoema- 
toxylum Campeachianum) possesses the same valuable quality, and m 
a rnuch higher degree, than coal, tar, and plaster, or creasote, which 
have hitherto been esteemed as the best antiseptics. The fact was 
discovered by accident. Dr. Desmartis had se>'eral cancerous patients 
under his care, all presenting large ulcei'ous sores, emitting a most 
nauseous smell. An astringent being considered expedient, a poma- 
tum composed of equal parts of extract of logwood and hog's lard, was 
applied to those sores, whereupon, to the Doctor's surprise, the fetor dis- 
appeared completely, and the emission of pus was considerably atten- 
uated. To complete the evidence, he suspended the use of the poma- 
tum for a few hours onlj% when the offensive emanations immediately 
recommenced, and the purulent secretion became again abundant. 
Logwood causes gangrene to disappear as if by enchantment, especially 
that of hospitals. He has also found it efficacious in preventing or 
stopping erysipelas, which often occurs after amputation, or the inflic- 
tion of other wounds, and is a source of constant anxiety to the sur- 
geon. It entirely removes the putridity of ulcerous cancers, emitting 
characteristic effluvia, and in short, of the most fetid sores. This sub- 
stance also possesses the advantage of being capable of mixture with 
hoeraostatic medicines, (designed to arrest spitting of blood, etc.,) such 
as ergotine, perchloride of iron, persulphate of iron, etc.; it may also 
be used as powder and a lotion. The extract of logwood, which is 
much used in dyeing and is very cheap, is only soluble in warm water. 
See *' Robinson's Herbal." 

HERBS. — They make the best medicines and the completest 
cures. 

Herbs— For Dyspepsia or Indigestion.— Camomile, agrimony, 
betony, thistle (blessed), carraway seed, sweet flag, fennel, garlic, 



Appendix to Medical Department 347 

horehound, hyssop, lavender, masterwort (the root), mint, mustard 
seed, penney royal, horse radish, rue, wormwood. 

Decoctions of the above are made by pouring boiling v/ater on 
them. A little should be taken in the morning fasting. 

For Purging the Bowels. — Class 1. The powerful are the follow- 
ing: common dock, hellebore, (white), in doses not exceeding four 
grains: black hellebore, from two to live grains; marshmallow leaf 
decoction, and mountain flax. 

Class 2. More moderate; buckthorn berry, broom, and dandelion. 

For Worms. — Bear's-foot, cowhage, camomile, garlic, fern root, 
savin, and wormwood. 

Astringents. — Those which serve to correct excessive discharges. 
Logwood, red roses, sage, and torraentil root. 

CarminatiTes. — Those herbs which allay pain, or dispel wind from 
the stomach; anise-seed, caraway seed, peppermint, spearmint, ginger, 
and dill root. 

Demulcents. — Those herbs which soften, or which lessen acrimony, 
or the effects of stimulus on the solids; as, colt's-foot, liver-wort, mal- 
lows, liquorice root, comfrey etc. 

Diaphoretics. — Those ' which promote perspiration ; burdock, 
centaur}', bay tree, betony, balm, germander, lovage, and rue. 

Tonics. — Those which give strength and vigor to the body ; bistort, 
balm, bog-bean, camomile, centaury (lesser), logwood, gentian, 
southernwood, tansy, tormentil, valerian, and wormwood. 

To Heal Ulcers. — Adder's tongue, agrimony, archangel, arse- 
smart, cuckoo pint, blue bottle, burdock, bryony, soapwort, celandine, 
centuary, chickweed, cinquefoil, comfrey root, mugvvort, cudweed, 
dog grass, water dock, tigwort, flax-weed, foxglove, glasswort, ground 
ivy, ground pine, tormentil, tansj'', bugle, scurvy grass, and night- 
shade. 

Either made into ointments, with hog's-lard, or washes made of 
them, and daily applied to the parts. 

To Purify the Blood. — Agrimony, borage, burdock (sea,) chick- 
weed, chervil, fennel, fir tree, fumitory, garden cresses, wild water 
cresses, ground pine, hops, maiden hair, sorrel and tansy. 

Made into decoctions with hot water, and taken every morning. 

OINTMENT — For Eruptions. — Simmer ox-marrow over the fire, 
add a little salt, and a teaspoonful of bandy. Strain. When cold rub 
the part affijcted. 

PENNYROYAL. — This plant is perennial. It flowers in August 
and September. It is warm, pungent, aromatic, stimulating, and 
diaphoretic; like spearmint, but not so agreeable. It contains a 
volatile oil which is obtained by distillation. The infusion is warming 
to the stomach, and allays sickness. It relieves spasms, hysterics, 
flatulency, and colic, and promotes expectoration in dry consumptive 
coughs. It promotes perspiration, and is most valuable in obstruction 
of the menses. 

Pennyroyal water. — Pennyroyal leaves, dry, 13^ lbs.; water, from 
1)4, to 2 gallons. Draw off by distillation, one gallon. It is a specific 
remedy for female obstructions. It is good for gout, rubbing the 
parts with it till they are red; and if salt be added, it is good for the 
side in liver complaints. It is very warming to the stomach, produces 
perspiration, and therefore is good for coughs, asthma, etc. An 
infusion of the herb in hot water is nearly as good. 

PULMONARY BALSAM;— Horehound, (plant) comfrey-root, 
blood-root, elecampane-root, wild cherry bark, spikenard-root, penny- 



348 



Appendix to Medical Department. 



royal, (plant) of each, 4 ozs. Pour 3 quarts of boiling water upon them ; 
infuse for 3 hours; then heat the water again ; and pour it upon the 
plants to infuse 5 or G hours. Sweeten with sugar candy. It is very 
serviceable in diseases of the lungs, chronic coughs; it removes con- 
striction of the chest, by promoting expectoration. Take half a small 
tea-cupful three or four times a day. 

PULMONARY COMPLAINTS.— It is said that the tender shoots of 
Scotch fir, peeled and eaten fasting early in the morning in the woods, 
when the weather is dry, has performed many cures of pulmonary 
complaints among the Highlanders in Scotland, 

PULMONARY SYRUP.— Blood-root, boneset, slippery elm bark, 
coltsfoot, elecampane, of each, 2 ozs. ; white root, spikenard root, of 
each, 4 ozs.; comfrey-root, poplar bark, of each, 1 oz. ; lobelia, hore- 
hound, snake-root of each, Y^ oz. Pour upon them 2 quarts of boil- 
ing water; stir well; add 1 lb. of molasses, and when cool, 1 quart of 
Hollands gin. It is one of the best remedies for asthma, coughs, 
hoarseness, etc. A tablespoonful every hour; or a wine-glassful three 
times a day. 

INHALATION.— The process of drawing into the lungs the fumes 
and aroma of certain drugs and fluids, from" an apparatus contrived for 
the purpose. The substances gen- 
erally used for this purpose are 
vinegar, camphor, benzoin, ether, 
and chloroform, the two latter be- 
ing used as ancBsihetic agents, to 
blunt the sense of pain or produce 
insensibility, and are inhaled by 
an apparatus specially adapted for 
the purpose; the others are gene- 
rally thrown into boiling water, 
and the watery fumes, charged 
with the medicament employed, are 
inhaled through a tube. 

Great relief is often found ^ in 
congestive asthma from inhalation 
of steam or smoke; for this pur- 
pose an inhaler, such as the one 
represented in the accompanying 
cut, should be half filled with boil- 
ing water mixed with about a dessert 
spoonful of strong ascetic acid or 
half a drachm of sulphuric ether or 
a few drops of creosote, which be- 
ing poured on the hot water, and ..„ „, „ ^ 

the lid firmlysecured, the patient is to adjust the mouthpiece to his lips, 
and slowly inhale the impi-egnated vapor that rises through the tube, 
retaining the steam as long as convenient in the mouth. Whichever 
article is used for the inhalation, the quantity employed should be 
steadily increased, and the operation always commenced with a small 
dose. Inhalation of the steam of plain warm water, sage or balm tea, 
or a decoction of camomiles, and poppy-heads, poured into the in- 
haler, will often a fiord very great relief,' and more particularly when 
used alternately with any of the above articles— acetic acid, ether, etc. 
POULTICES.— These external aids to the surgeon form a series of 
most valuable agents, not only in the treatment of local disease and 
injuries, but as grateful emollients and sedatives, often of the greatest 




Appendix to Medical Department. 349 

benefit and comfort to the patient. Poultices are of five kinds, — the 
simple warm emollient, the sedative, the stimulating, the blistering, 
and the corrective or antiseptic poultice. 

Warm Emollient Poultices.— The great object desired in all the 
poultices belonging to this class is warmth, steadily and evenly applied; 
and as there is really no virtue in any article used for the purpose, that 
substance or material makes the best poultice which will maintain, for 
the longest period, heat on the part; the sovereign quality of all these 
poultices residing solely in the warmth applied. Of all articles suited 
for an emollient poultice, the spongio-piline is the best. This material, 
made of shreds of sponge and felt woven together on a ground of 
Indian rubber, can be procured in pieces of any length or size, and 
merely requires its pile or loose surface to be soaked in hot water, 
squeezed to discharge the excess of moisture, and applied face down- 
ward on the part, the impervious nature of the upper surface prevent- 
ing the escape of the heat by evaporation. A piece of oiled skin 
applied over all will still further secure the heat. Evaporation may 
be entirely prevented by previously cutting the pile away from the 
edges in such a manner, that, when secured, the India rubber coating 
shall overlap and shut in the part covered. 

Bread and Water. — This kind of poultice is too often made in a 
manner at variance with all the known laws of evaporation, either by 
pouring hot water on crumbs of bread, or on pieces of bread, and 
then breaking them down with a spoon or a fork. The proper method 
of making such a poultice is to cut a slice of bread from a loaf, about 
half an inch thick, remove all the crust and hard edges without crack- 
ing the crumb, which, with a sharp knife, should be squared to the 
size required. The piece is next to be placed in the middle of a slip of 
muslin laid in a soup plate, then carefully covered with hot water, the 
rest of the muslin laid over the top, and another plate placed over all 
to keep in the heat for the space of two or three minutes, till every 
part of the bread has become charged or swollen by the water, which 
is to be poured ofi" by taking up the two plates together, when a small 
amount of pressure will expel the excess of water without breaking 
the poultice, which is then to be carefully lifted by the ends of the 
muslin which encloses it, and laid on the part, a piece of oiled skin 
and a bandage being added to keep in the heat and secure it in its 
place. 

Linseed Meal. — This substance, from the quantity of gum and oil 
it contains, makes an excellently soft and agreeable poultice, the for- 
mer serving to retaiu the heat a long time, and the latter to keep the 
surface soft. As much meal as is requisite is to be put in a basin, a 
hole made in the centre with a spoon, and as much hot water as may 
be deemed necessary poured at once into it ; the whole is then to be 
quickly and carefully stirred till a smooth and intimately mixed mass 
of the consistency of porridge is obtained. Should too little water be 
used, the mass will be hard and lumpy, and cause much delay and 
trouble in the amalgamation of the water subsequently added, whereas 
if the quantity is rightly guessed at first, the poultice will be of one 
uniform consistency. It is then to be spread about an inch thick on 
linen or flannel, its surface greased with a little lard, and laid on the 
part. 

Flour and Oatmeal Ponltices are made in the same way, only they 
require to be more largely greased than the linseed meal, to prevent 
their sticking to the skin when removed. 

N. B. — In making all these poultices the water should be nearly 



35© Appendix to Medical Department. 

boiling, to allow for the loss of the heat during the time of their prej)- 
aration, so that when applied they may be as warm as the patient can 
bear them without inconvenience. 

Tlie objects for which all the above forma of poultice are em- 
ployed are, tirst, to soften and relax the cuticle ; secondly, by the 
warmth to soothe the part and afford ease; and thirdly, by the contin- 
ued heat to mature abscesses, or what is popularly known as drawing 
an abscess to a head, heat having the property of facilitating the change 
of the etfused blood into pus, when it is desirable to effect that 
change. 

Sedative Poultices. — The object for which poultices of this class 
are chiefly used is to subdue pain of a local character, as in sprains, 
bruises, contusions, or accidents generally. Poultices of this nature 
are usually made by preparing a strong decoction of camomile flowers, 
or camomiles and poppy-heads, and then filling a small bag with cam- 
omile flowers, and after soaliing it in the hot decoction, applying it to 
the joint or part affected, and repeating the application as soon as it 
has become cold ; or a thick slice of bread may be enclosed in a bag, 
and immersed in the same manner in the hot decoction; or crumbs of 
bread, linseed meal, or oatmeal, may be used in the same way, by first 
making them into a paste. The first plan, however, is the simplest 
and the cleanest mode of using this kind of poultice. Hemlock and 
monkshood are also occasionally used for the same purpose, the herbs 
being first boiled in water, and the hot liquor absorbed by bread or 
linseed meal as above, and applied either in a bag or between folds of 
linen. An opium poultice may be employed in the same way, by pre- 
viously dissolving the solid opium in boiling water. 

Stimulating Poultices — Are employed in cases of rheumatism, 
paralysis, lumbago, and chronic affections of the joints, their object 
being to excite a healthier action in the part, and, by a species of mild 
counter irritation, produce a beneficial change. Sometimes they are 
used to rouse a patient in a case of lethargy, and draw the blood from 
some internal organ. Stimulating poultices are usually made with a 
mixture of mustard and flour, in proportions according to the stimu- 
lating effect desired; thus, one table-spoon of mustard with three of 
flour, mixed together before being wetted with hot or cold water, or 
else one spoon of mustard to two of flour, or equal parts, which is the 
strongest form in which this kind of poultice is used. Sometimes, to 
add to the stimulating properties of this poultice, a strong infusion of 
horseradish is employed instead of water for the purpose of mixing 
the mustard and flour into a paste. These poultices should be spread 
on a flannel, and where the skin is very sensitive, a piece of thin mus- 
lin may be interposed between the poultice and the cuticle. The time 
that a mustard poultice should be retained must depend upon the 
strength of the poultice itself, and the object for which it is employed; 
from ten to forty minutes, however, may be regarded as the extreme 
points of duration. Cari-ots are occasionally used as stimulating poul- 
tices to ulcerating surfaces, but their efficacy is very questionable. 

Blistering Poultices. — Mustard is the only article employed for 
this purpose, and then the mustard is used simply with water, and 
without flour; it should be made thick, spread on flannel, have its sur- 
face covered with fine muslin, and then applied to the skin. Some 
medical men mix euphorbium powder with the mustard, to increase its 
blistering properties, but this addition is seldom required. A mustard 
plaster generally requires about fifteen minutes to rise, and should be 
removed directly the vesication takes place ; the blister is then cut, 



Appendix to Medical Department, 3^1 

and dressed first with a warm poultice, and lastly with violet powder. 

Corrective Poultices. — The purpose for which this class of poul- 
tices is employed, is to destroy the fetid odor of foul ulcers, ill-condi- 
tioned sores, and to change the character of the granulations, or of the 
discharge which exudes from them. The articles chiefly used for this 
end are yeast, charcoal, chloride of lime, and alum. 

Yeast Poultice. — This may be made in several ways. First, by 
mixing one or two table-spoons of yeast with the same amount of flour, 
and then adding enough hot water to make the whole into a smooth 
paste, which is to be spread on flannel, and laid on the ulcer or sore. 
Secondly, by mixing four table-spoons of linseed meal with two of 
yeast, and the same quantity of boiling water, or enough to make a 
smooth paste, to be applied on flannel. Thirdly, take a thick slice of 
bread without crust, soften it with boiling water, and then cover the 
top with fresh yeast, and apply the yeast side to the ulcer ; or the yeast 
may be applied on piliue, first made warm and soft by hot water. 

Charcoal Poultices. — These are made by mixing charcoal and 
flour and linseed meal, in nearly equal quantities, in a basin, adding 
hot water, and stirring till a smooth paste is made, which is to be ap- 
plied, like the others, on flannel. 

Chloride of Lime — May be made in the same way, or by mixing 
the meal with the solution. 

Alum Poultices — Are only used as an astringent in certain chronic 
inflammations of the eye. This poultice is made by mixing the white 
of two or more eggs witli a drachm of finely-powdered alum; put the 
mixture between a fold of muslin, and apply it to the eye. 

Cold Bread and Water Poultices — Are sometimes employed, and 
when such are necessary, they are made in the same way as the hot 
bread poultice, only substituting cold water; and when cold astringent 
poultices are required, all that is necessary is to soak the bread in a 
solution of alum, and apply it cold as often as the poultice becomes 
warm from contact witii the flesh. 

Poultice. — Take 4 ozs. of crumbs of bread, a pinch of elder flow- 
ers, and camomile; boil them in equal quantities of vinegar and water. 
Or, take linseed flour, and the dregs of ale or porter barrels, slightly 
boiled. It always keeps soft from the oiliness of the linseed, and the 
yeasty deposit of the malt liquor is both cooling and sweetening. 

Poultices are designed to soften and relax any swelling, and allay 
pain and inflammation, to ripen tumors or swellings, and to cleanse 
inflamed and gangrenous sores, ulcers, etc. Always remove a poultice 
when it becomes dry; the place must be well washed in warm lye 
water, and a fresh poultice applied. 

The best poultice for every purpose is the slippery elm hark ; it may 
be made with warm milk and water, or with soap-lye. If tincture of 
myrrh be added, it is valuable in boils, ulcers, carbuncles, etc. 

Poultice for a Fester. — Boil bread in lees of strong beer; apply 
the poultice in the general manner. This has saved many a limb from 
amputation. 

How to Make a Mustard Plaster. — How many people are there 
who really know how to make a mustard plaster? Not one in a hun- 
dred, at most, perhaps, and yet mustard plasters are used in every 
family, and physicians prescribe their application, never telling any- 
body how to make them, for the simple reason that doctors themselves 
do not know, as a rule. The ordinary way is to mix the mustard with 
water, tempering it with a little flour, but such a plaster as that makes 
it simply abominable. Before it has half done its work it begins to 



352 Appendix to Medical Department, 

blister the patient, and leaves him finally with a painful, flayed spot, 
after having produced far less effect in a beneficial way than was in- 
tended. Now a mustard plaster should never make a blister at all. 
If a blister is wanted, there are other plasters far better than mustard 
for the purpose. When you make a mustard plaster, then, use no 
water whatever, but mix the mustard with the white of an egg-, and 
the result will be a plaster which will "draw" perfectly, but will not 
produce a blister even upon the skin of an infant, no matter how long 
it is allowed to remain upon the part. For this we have the word of 
an old and eminent physician, as well as our own experience. 

Poultices — Are usually made of linseed meal, oatmeal, or bread, 
either combined with water or other fluids ; sometimes they are made 
of carrots, charcoal, potatoes, yeast, and linseed meal, mustard, etc., 
but the best and most economical kind of poultice is a fabric made of 
sponge and wool felted together, and backed by Indian rubber. It is 
called "Markwick's Patent Spongio-Piline." The method of using 
this poultice is as follows : A piece of the material of the required 
form and size is cut off, and the edges are pared or beveled off with a 
pair of scissors, so that the caoutchouc may come in contact with the 
surrounding skin, in order to prevent evaporation of the fluid used; 
for, as it only forms the vehicle, we can employ the various poultices 
generally used with much less expenditure of time and money, and 
increased cleanliness. For example: a mnegar poultice is made by 
moistening the fabric with distilled vinegar ; an alum pooltice, by using 
a strong solution of alum ; a charcoal poultice, by sprinkling powdered 
charcoal on the moistened surface of the material; a yeast poultice, 
by using warmed yeast, and moistening the fabric with hot water, 
which is to be well squeezed out previous to the absorption of the 
yeast; a beer poultice, by employing warm porter-dregs or strong beer 
as the fluid; and a mrroi poultice, by using the expressed and evap- 
orated liquor of boiled carrots. The material costs about one farthing 
a square inch, and may be obtained of the chemist. As a fomentation 
it is most invaluable, and by moistening the material with compound 
camphor liniment or hartshorn, it acts the same as a mustard poul- 
tice. Full directions will, no doubt, be supplied to those who pur- 
chase the material, if inquired for. 

POWDER, Aperient.— Take of the best Turkey rhubarb, cinna- 
mon, and fine sugar, 2 drs. of each. Let the ingredients be pounded, 
and afterwards mixed well together. 

When flatulence is accompanied with costiveness, a tea-spoon of 
this powder may be taken once or twice a day, according to circum- 
stances. 

Powder, Carminative. — Take of coriander seeds, ^ oz. ; ginger, 
1 dr.; nutmegs, 3^ dr. ; fine sugar, \)4 ^^s. ; reduce them into powder 
for 12 doses. 

This powder is employed for expelling flatulency, arising from 
indigestion. It may be given in small quantities to children, in their 
food, when troubled with gripes. 

Powder, Saline Laxative. — Take of soluble tartar, and cream- 
of -tartar, 1 dr. of each ; purified nitre, 3^ dr. Make them into a pow- 
der. 

In fevers and other inflammatory disorders, where it is necessary 
to keep the body gently open, one of these cooling laxative powders 
may be taken in a little gruel, and repeated occasionally. 

Powder, Steel.— Take filings of steel, and loaf sugar, 2 ozs. of 
each ; ginger, 2 drs. Pound them together. 



Appendix to Medical Department, 353 

In obstructions of the menses, and other cases where steel is 
proper, a tea-spoon of this powder may be taken twice a day, and 
washed down with wine or water. 

Powder, Sudorific.— Talte purified nitre, and vitriolated tartar, 
3^oz. of each; opium, and ipecacuanha, 1 dr. of each. Mix the in- 
gredients, and rediice them to a fine powder. 

This is linown by the name of Dover's powder. It is a powerful 
sudorific. In obstinate rheumatism, and other cases where it is neces- 
sary to excite a copious sweat, this powder may be administered in the 
dose of a scruple, or half a drachm, accompanied with copious draughts 
of warm, diluting liquor. 

Powder, Worm.— Take of tin, reduced into a fine powder, 1 oz. ; 
Ethiop's mineral, 2 drs. Mix well together, and divide into six doses. 
One of these powders may be taken in a little syrup, honey, or molas- 
ses, twice a day. Then the following anthelmintic powder will be 
proper ; 

Powdered rhubarb, 1 scr. ; scamraony, and calomel, 5 grs. of each. 
Rub them in a mortar for one dose. For children, the above doses 
must be lessened according to their age. If the powder of tin be gven 
alone, its dose may be considerably increased. 

PREGNANCY— A Good Medicine For.— Cinnamon water, 1 oz. ; 
tincture of rhubarb, 2 drs.; compound spirits of lavender, 3^ dr. ; 
syrup of saffron, 1 dr. To be taken occasionally in the middle of the 
day. 

RESTORATIVE WINE BITTERS.-Quassia, ^ oz. ; golden seal, 

2 drs. ; bitter-root, 2 drs. ; cayenne pepper, 2 drs. ; whitewood bark, 3 
drs. Bruise all, and add 1 pt. of Holland gin, and 2 qts. of wine. A 
less quantity may be made. Dose.— A table-spoon or two, twice a 
day. Remarkabl.y useful in indigestion. 

Another, by Dr. Thompson.— Balmony bark, 1 part; poplar bark, 
5 parts. Boil in water sufficient to strain from one pound 23^ gals, of 
water, to which add sugar, %% lbs. ; nerve powder, 23^ ozs. ; while hot, 
strain, and add best Malaga wine, 33^ gals. ; tincture of meadow-fern, 
1 qt. ; prickly-ash seeds, 1 qt. A less quantity may be made. Dose. 
— From half to a wine-glass, twice a day. 

These bitters are priceless. They are sure to correct the bile, and 
create an appetite, by giving tone to the digestive powers, and may be 
freely used, both as a restorative, and as a preventive of disease. 

STIMULATING LINIMENT.— Cayenne, \% ozs.; salt, 1 table- 
spoon ; spirits of wine, 2 ozs. ; camphor, % oz. ; spirits of turpentine, 
3i pt. Bottle, and shake now and then during one day. Then add % 
pt. of vinegar. It is excellent for sponging the body in cases of pain, 
debility, inflammation, rheumatism, gout, sore throat, numbness, neu- 
ralgia, etc. 

SALINE MIXTURE.— Take of crystalized acid of lemon, 1 dr., 
or fresh lemon juice, 13^ ozs. ; salt of wormwood, 1 dr. ; white sugar, 

3 drs. ; pure water, 12 ozs. ; essence of peppermint, 30 drops. Mix. A 
tea-cup to be taken often in inflammatory fevers and sore throat. 

^ SWEATING DROPS.— Take of camphor, saftron, ipecacuanha, 
opium, Virginian snake-root, 3^ oz. each; Holland gin, 1)^ pts. In- 
fuse two or three days. 

A wonderfully efficacious cure for fever and ague, after suitable 
evacuants. Dr. Beach says: "I And this the best medicine for fever 
and ague of any with which I am acquainted. In two cases this tinc- 
ture removed the paroxysms where other remedies failed ; one patient 
had been under homeopathic treatment for many months." 



354 Appendix to Medical Department, 

SUDORIFICS. — Medicines causinor much perspiration. 

Sudorilic, or Fever Powder. — Crawley root, 1 oz. ; lobelia herb, 
3^ oz. . pleurisy root, 1 oz ; skunk cabbage, 3^ oz. Powder, and mix 
til em together. Dose. — From a quarter to half a tea-spoon every \% 
hours, till perspiration is produced. It va^y be given in balm or com- 
mon tea. 

In fevers, inflammations, influenza, and colds, this powder is in- 
valuable. It subdues irritation, corrects the pulse, improves respira- 
tion, and promotes sound, natural sleep. It is sure, if properly admin- 
istered, to arrest a fever. Keep it in a bottle, well corked. 

SLIPPERY ELM 15ARK.— Ttiis tree, ulmus fulva, is a native of 
this country. The powdered bark is now extensively sold and 
used. It is used as an article of diet for invalids, on account of its 
soothing and nutritious properties. Milk thickened with it makes ex- 
cellent food for infants, for dyspeptic and consumptive patients ; it 
subdues inflammation, and agreeably calms the system. 

According to the celebrated Dr. Beach, it is " demulcent, pectoral, 
diuretic, deobstruent, emollient, and refrigerant, useful in all bowel 
complaints, in scurvy, cutaneous eruptions, etc. In the form of a 
poultice, it is an admirable remedy (far exceeding any other known 
production in the world) for ulcers, tumors, swelhngs, wounds, chil- 
blains, burns, scalds, skin diseases, erysipelas, obstinate ulcers, scabs, 
etc. ; and in sore mouth, or thrush, etc., used as a wash." It quickly 
allays inflammation, promotes resolution and suppuration. The tea 
is much used by the Indian women to procure easy labor. In point of 
utility, it is of far more value than its weight in gold. It has rapidly 
come into use as an invaluable medical agent. 

As an ingredienc in injections, it is most valuable, healing, sooth- 
ing, and preventing any painful sensations. It may be obtained at 
the vendors of botanic medicines. 

TEMPERAMENT. — This is a term used by physiologists to distin- 
guish a peculiar organization of the system common to certain groups 
of individuals, and which serves to define one individual or group 
from another. Physicians generally recognize four temperaments : 

The Saiiguiue — Characterized by plumpness of body, with toler- 
able firmness of the flesh; the hair is red, or of a light chestnut, the 
eyes blue, and the complexion fair and florid, with a soft, thin skin. 
Such persons have large blood-vessels, an active circulation, and a 
full, quick pulse; the body is active, the countenance animated, the 
passions excitable, and the mind volatile but unsteady. 

The Phlegmatic— Is distinguished by a round body, soft muscles, 
fullness of the cellular tissue; the hair is fair, the eyes light blue or 
gray, and the skin pallid. The blood-vessels are small, the circulation 
languid, and the pulse slow. All the functions, mentally and bodily, 
are torpid. 

The Bilious. — This temperament is defined by a moderate fullness 
of body, with firm, hard flesh, and strongly defined outlines of per- 
son. The hair is black, the eyes and complexion dark, the pulse is 
full, firm, and of moderate quickness, and there is great energy both 
in body and mind; and, in conclusion, the features are strongly 
marked, told, and prominent. 

The Nervous. — This is characierized by a small, spare frame, 
slight muscular development, quick, impulsive movements, pallid 
countenance, and delicate health. The pulse is small and quick, and 
easily excited by mental emotions or nervous impressions; the whole 
nervous system is active, the senses acute and keen, the thoughts 
quick, and the imagination lively. 



Appendix to Medical Department, 355 

Though these temperaments are seldom found occurring in a pure 
form, they are sufficiently defined to be easily recoi^nized; they, how- 
ever, supply us with the following general faets^ namely, that the 
sanguine temperament is most liable to acute inflammatory diseases 
X^Q phlegmatic Xo scrofulous complaints, the Ulious to aftections of the 
liver and the digestive organs, and the nervous to mental disorders and 
diseases of the nervous system generally. 

YELLOW DOCK.— This plant is well known. The leaves are 
boiled and eaten. It is moderately astringent, and rather purgative. 
It IS very appropriate for scrofulous complaints. In bilious complaints, 
internal heat, hectic fever, palpitation of the heart, piles, cutaneous 
eruptions, etc., it is most valuable. 

The root may be given in decoction. A poultice of it is very good 
to discuss all indolent swellings. Made into an ointment, it is good for 
tetter, ringworm, etc. 

/iTv^l^^t ^^¥^ "^^ EXPRESS THE PROPERTIES OF MEDI- 

Lli^iiS.— Absorbents— Are medicines which destroy acidities in the 
stomach and bowels, such as magnesia, prepared chalk, etc. 
^ Altoratiyes— Are medicines which restore health to the constitu- 
tion, without producing any sensible effect, such as sarsaparilla, sul- 
phur, etc. 

Analeptics— Are medicines that restore the strength which has 
been lost by sickness, such as gentian, bark, etc. 

Anodynes— Are medicines which relieve pain, and they are divided 
into three kinds: sedatives, hypnotics, i^nd narcotics (see these terms); 
camphor is anodyne as well as narcotic. 

Antacids— Are medicines which destroy acidity, such as lime, 
magnesia, soda, etc. 

Antalkalies— Are medicines given to neutralize alkalies in the 
system, such as citric, nitric, or sulphuiic acids, etc. 

Anthelmintics— Are medicines used to expel and destroy worms 
from the stomach and intestines, such as turpentine, cowhage, male 
fern, etc. 

Antibilions— Are medicines which are useful in bilious affections, 
such as calomel, etc. 

Antirheumatics— Are medicines used for the cure of rheumatism, 
such as colchicum, iodide of potash, etc. 

Antiscorbutics— Are medicines against scurvy, such as citric 
acid, etc. 

Antiseptics— Are substances used to correct putrefaction, such as 
bark, camplior, charcoal, vinegar, and creosote. 

Antispasmodics — Are medicines which possess the power of over- 
coming spasms of the muscles, or allaying severe pain from any cause 
unconnected with inflammation, such as valerian, ammonia, opium, 
and camphor. 

Aperients — Are medicines which move the bowels gently, such as 
rhubarb, manna, and gray powder. 

Aromatics — Are cordial, spicy, and agreeably flavored medicines, 
such as cardamoms, cinnamon, etc. 

Astringents — Are medicines which contract the fibres of the body, 
diminish excessive discharges, and act indirectly as tonics, such as oak 
bark, galls, etc. 

Attenuants — Are medicines which are supposed to thin the blood, 
such as ammoniated iron, etc. 

Balsaniics — Are medicines of a soothing kind, such as tolu, Peru- 
vian balsam, etc. 



35 6 Appendix to Medical Department 

Carminatives— Are medicines which allay pain in the stomach 
and bowels, and expel flatulence, such as anise-seed water, etc. 

Cathartics — Are strong purgative medicines, such as jalap, etc. 

Cordials— Are exhilarating and wanning medicines, such as aro- 
matic confection, etc. 

Corroborants — Are medicines and food which increase the 
strength, such as iron, gentian, meat, and wine. 

Demulcents — Correct acrimony, diminish irritation, and soften 
parts by covering their surfaces with a mild and viscid matter, such as 
linseed tea, gum, mucilage, honey, and marshmallow. 

Deobstruents — Are medicines which remove obstructions, such as 
iodide of potash, etc. 

Detergents — Clean the surfaces over which they pass, such as soap, 
etc. 

Di.aphoretics — Produce perspiration, such as tartrate of antimony, 
James's powder, and camphor. 

Digestives — Are remedies applied to ulcers or wounds, to promote 
the formation of matter, such as resin ointments, warm poultices, etc. 

Discutients — Possess the power of repelling or resolving tumors, 
such as galbanum, mercury, and iodine. 

Diuretics — Act upon the kidneys and bladder, and increase the 
flow of urine, such as nitre, squills, cantharides, camphor, antimony, 
and juniper. 

Drastics — Are violent purgatives, such as gamboge, etc. 

Emetics — Produce vomiting, or the discharge of the contents of 
the stomach, such as mustard and hot water, tartar emetic, ipecacuan- 
ha sulphate of zinc, and sulphate of copper. 

Emollients — Are remedies used externally to soften the parts they 
are applied to, such as spermaceti, palm oil, etc. 

Epispastics — Are medicines which blister or cause effusion of 
serum under the cuticle, such as Spanish flies. Burgundy pitch, resin, 
and galbanum. 

Errhines — Are medicines which pioduce sneezing, such as tobac- 
co, etc. 

Escharotics — Are medicines which corrode or destroy the vitality 
of the part to which they are applied, such as lunar caustic, etc. 

Expectorants — Are medicines which increase expectoration, or the 
discharge from the bronchial tubes, such as ipecacuanlia, squills, opium, 
ammoniacum. 

Febrifuges — Are remedies used in fevers, such as all the antimo- 
nials, bark, quinine, mineral acids, arsenic. 

" HyUragogues — Are medicines which have the effect of removing 
the fluid of dropsy, by producing watery evacuations, such as gam- 
boge, calomel, etc. 

Hypnotics— Are medicines that relieve pain by procuring sleep, 
such us hops, henbane, morphia, poppy. 

Laxatives— Are medicines whicli cause the bowels to act rather 
more than natural, such as manna, etc. 

Narcotics— Are medicines which cause sleep or stupor, and allay 
pain, such as opium, etc. 

Nutrients— Are remedies that nourish the body, such as sugar, 
sago, etc. 

Paregorics— Are medicines which actually assuage pain, such as 
compound tincture of camphor, henbane, hops, opium. 

Prophylactics — Are remedies employed to prevent the attack of 
any particular disease, such as quinine, etc. 



Appendix to Medical Department. 357 

Purgatives— Are medicines that promote the evacuation of the 
bowels, such as senna, aloes, jalap, salts. 

Refriarerants— Are medicines which suppress an unusual heat of 
the body, such as wood sorrel, tamarind, etc. 

Rubefacients— Are medicaments which cause redness of the skin, 
such as mustard, etc. 

Sedatives— Are medicines which depress the nervous energy, and 
destroy sensation, so as to compose, such as fox-glove. (See "Pare- 
gorics.") 

Sialo?ogues~Are medicines which promote the flow of saliva or 
spittle, such as salt, calomel, etc. 

Soporiflcs— Are medicines which induce sleep, such as hops, etc. 

Stimulants— Are remedies which increase the action of the heart 
and arteries, or the energy of the part to which they are applied, such 
as food, wine, spirits, ether, sassafras, which is an internal stimulant, 
and savine, which is an external one. 

Stomacliics— Restore the tone of the stomach, such as gentian, 
etc. 

Styptics— Are medicines which constrict the surface of a part, and 
prevent the efl'usion of blood, such as kino, Friar's balsam, extract of 
lead, and ice. 

Sudoriftcs— Promote profuse perspiration or sweating, such as 
ipecacuanha, antimony, James's powder, ammonia. 

Tonics— Give general strength to the constitution, restore the nat- 
ural energies, and improve the tone of the system, such as all the veg- 
etable bitters, most of the minerals, also some kinds of food, wine, 
and beer. 

Vesicants — Are medicines which blister, such as strong liquid 
ammonia, etc. 

DOx^ESTIC PHARMACOPEIA.— In compiling this part of our 
hints, we have endeavored to supply that kind of information which Is 
so often wanted in the time of need, and cannot be obtained when a 
medical man or a druggist is not near. The doses are tixed for adults, 
unless otherwise ordered. The various remedies are arranged in 
sections, according to their uses, as being more easy for reference. 

COLLYRIA, OR EYE WASHES.— Alum Dissolve 1^ dr. in 8 

ozs. of water. C/se, as an astringent. When the strength of the alum 
is doubled, and only half the quantity of water used, it acts as a dis- 
cutient, but not as an eye water. 

Common. — Add 3^ oz. of diluted acetic to 3 ozs. of decoction of 
poppy heads. XJse^ an anodyne wash. 

Compound Alum. — Dissolve alum and white vitriol, of each 1 dr. 
in 1 pt. of water, and filter, through paper. JJse^ as an astringent 
wash. 

Zinc and Lead. — Dissolve white vitriol and acetate of lead, of each, 
7 grs. in 4 ozs. of elder-flower water; add 1 dr. of laudanum (tincture 
of opium), and the same quantity of spirit of camphor; then strain. 
Cr«6,as a detergent wash. 

Acetate of Zinc. — Dissolve 3^ a dr. of white vitriol in 5 ozs. of 
water. Dissolve 2 scrs. of acetate of lead in five ozs. of water. Mix 
these solutions, then set aside for a short time and filter. JJse, as an 
astringent; this fonns a most valuable collyrium. 

Sulphate of Zinc. — Dissolve 20 grs. of white vitriol in 1 pt. of 
water or rose water. XJse^ for weak eyes. 

Zinc and Camplior. — Dissolve 1 scr. of white vitriol in 10 ozs. of 
water, then add 1 dr. of spirit of camphor, and strain. JJse^ as a 
stimulant. 



358 Appendix to Medical Department. 

Compound Zinc— Dissolve 15 grs. of white vitriol in 8 ozs. of 
camphor water {Mistura comphoroe), and the same quantity of poppy 
heads. Use, as an anodyne and detergent; useful for weak eyes. 

CONFECTIONS AND ELECTUARIES.— Confections are used as 
vehicles for administration of more active [medicines, and Electuaries 
are made for the purpose of rendering some remedies palatable. Both 
should be kept in closely covered jars. 

Almond Confection. — Remove the outer coat from 1 oz. of sweet 
almonds, and beat them well in a mortar with 1 dr. of powdered gum 
arable, ^ oz. of white sugar. Use, to make a demulcent mixture, 
known as '"almond emulsion.'' 

Alum Confection. — Mix 2 scrs. of powdered alum with 4 scrs. of 
molasses. Dose, 3^ dr. Use, as an astringent in sore throat and re- 
laxed uvula, and ulcerations of the mouth. 

Orange Confection. — Take 1 oz. of the freshly rasped rind of 
orange, and mix it with 3 ozs. of white sugar, and beat together till 
perfectly incorporated. Dose, from 1 dr. to 1 oz. Use, as a gentle 
stomachic and tonic, and for giving tonic powders in. 

Black Pepper Confection. — Take of black pepper and elecampane 
root, of each. 1 oz. ; fennel seeds, 3 ozs. ; honey and sugar, of each, 2 
ozs. Rub the dry ingredients to a fine powder, and when the confec- 
tion is wanted, add the honey and mix well. Dose, from 1 to 2 drs. 
Use,m haemorrhoids, or piles. 

Cowliage. — Mix as much of the fine hairs or spiculae of cowhage into 
molasses as it will take up. Dose, a teaspoonful every morning and 
evening. Use, as an anthelmintic. 

Senna Confection. — Take of senna, powdered, 4 ozs.; figs, 3^ ih. 
cassia pulp, tamarind pulp, and the pulp of prunes, of each 4 ozs.; 
coriander seeds, powdered 2 ozs.; licorice root, l}4 ozs.; sugar, 1^ 
lbs.; water, 1}4 pts. Rub the senna with the coriander, and separate, 
by sifting, 5 ozs. of the mixture. Boil the water, with the figs and 
licorice added, until it is reduced to one half; then press out and 
strain the liquor. Evaporate the strained liquor in a jar by boiling 
until twelve fluid ounces remain. Then add the sugar, and make a 
syrup. Now mix the pulps with the syrup, add the sifted powder, and 
mix well. Use, purgative. 

Castor Oil and Senna Confection. — Take 1 dr. of powdered gum 
arable, and 2 ozs. of confection of senna, and mix, by gradually rub- 
bing together in a mortar, with }£ oz.of castor oil. Dose, from 3^ oz. 
to 1 oz. Use, purgative. 

Sulphur and Senna Confection. — Take of sulphur and sulphate of 
potash, of each, 3^ oz.; of confection of senna, 2 ozs.; and oil of 
anise-seed, twenty minims ; mix well. Dose, f rom 1 to 2 drs. Use, 
purgative. 

Cream-of-Tartar Confection. — Take 1 oz. of cream-of-tartar, 1 dr. 
of jalap, and 3^ dr. of powdered ginger; mix iuto a thick paste with 
molasses. Dose, 2 drs. Use, purgative. 

Anti-Spasmodic Electuary.— Take 6 drs. of powder valerian and 
orange leaves, mixed and made into an electuary, with a sufficient 
quantity of syrup of wormwood. Dose, from 1 to 2 drs., to be taken 
two or three times a day. 

DECOCTIONS. — These 'should only be made as they are wanted; 
pipkins or tin saucepans should be used for the purpose ; and no de- 
coction should be boiled longer than ten minutes. 

Chimaphila. — Take 1 oz, of pyrola (chimaphila, or winter-green), 
and boil it in 1% pts. water until it is only 1 pt. ; then strain. Dose, 
from 1 to 2 ozs. four times a day. Use, in dropsies, as a diuretic. 



Appendix to Medical Departtnent, 359 

Logwood. — Boil 1)4, ozs. of bruised logwood in 2 pts. of water until 
it comes to 1 pt.; then add 1 dr. of bruised cassia, and strain. Dose, 
from 1 to 2 ozs. TJse^ as an astringent. 

Dandelion, — Take 2 ozs. of freshly-sliced root, and boil in 2 pts. of 
water until it comes to 1 pt. ; tlien add 1 oz. of compound tincture of 
horseradish. Dose, from 2 to 4 ozs. C/ise, in a sluggish state of the 
liver. 

EMBROCATIONS AND LINIMENTS.— These remedies are used 
externally as local stimulants, to relieve deep-seated inflammations 
when other means cannot be employed, as they are more easily applied 
locally. 

Anodyne and Discntient. — Take 2 drs. of scraped white soap, % 
dr. of extract of henbane, and dissolve them by a gentle heat in 6 ozs. 
of olive oil. C/se, about \^ oz. to be well rubbed into the part twice a 
day, for glandular enlargements which are painful and stubborn. 

Strong' Ammoniated. — Add 1 oz. of strong liquid ammonia 
{Liquoris ammonice fortius') to 2 ozs. of olive oil; shake them well 
together until they are properly mixed. Use, employed as a stimulant 
in rheumatic pains, paralytic numbnesses, chronic glandular enlarge- 
ments, lumbago, sciatica* etc. This embrocation must be used with 
care, and only employed in very obstinate cases. 

Compound Ammoniated. — Add 6 drs. of oil of turpentine to the 
strong ammoniaetd liniment above. Use^ for the diseases mentioned 
under the head of strong ammoniated liniment, and chronic aflTections 
of the knee and ankle joints. 

Lime and Oil. — Take equal parts of common linseed oil and lime 
water {Liquor calcis), and shake well. Use, applied to burns, scalds, 
sun peeling, etc. 

Camphorated. — Take 3^ oz. of camphor and dissolve it in 2 ozs. 
olive oil. Use, as a stimulant, soothing application, in stubborn breasts, 
glandular enlargements, drops}'- of the belly, a>nd rheumatic pains. 

Soap Liniment with Spanish Flies.— Take 3^ ozs. of soap lini- 
ment, }4 <>z. of tincture of Spanish flies ; mix and shake well. Use, as 
a stimulant to chronic bruises, sprains, rheumatic pains, and indolent 
swellings. 

Turpentine. — Take 23^ ozs. of resin cerate {Ceratum resince), and 
melt it by standing the vessel in hot water; then add \% ozs. of oil of 
turpentine, and mix. Use, as a stimulant application to ulcers, burns, 
scalds, etc. 

ENEMAS.— These are a peculiar kind of medicines, administered 
by injecting them into the rectum or outlet of the body. Theintention 
is either to empty the bowels, kill worms, protect the lining membrane 
of the intestines from injury, restrain copious discharges, allay spasms 
in the bowels, or to nourish the body. These clysters, or glysters, are 
administered by means of bladders and pipes, or a proper apparatus. 

Laxative. — Take 2 ozs. of Epsom salts, and dissolve in |^ of a pt. 
of gruel, or thin broth, with 1 oz. of olive oil. Use, as all enemas are 
used. 

Nutritive.— Take 12 ozs. of strong beef tea, and thicken with harts- 
horn shavings or arrowroot. 

Turpentine.— Take % oz. of turpentine, the yolk of one eg§:, and 
3^ pt. of gruel. Mix the turpentine and egg, and then add the gruel. 
Use, as an athelmintic. 

Common.— Dissolve 1 oz. of salt in 12 ozs. of gruel. 

Castor OiL— Mix 2 ozs. of castor oil with 1 dr. of starch, then rub 
them together, and add 14 ozs. of thin gruel. C/sd, purgative. 



360 Appendix to Medical Department. 

Opium. — Rub 3 grs. of opium with 2 ozs. of starch, then add 2 ozs. 
of warm water. Use^ as a anodyne, in colic, spasms, etc. 

Oil. — Mix 4 ozs. of olive oil with )^ oz. of mucilage and 3^ pt. of 
warm water. TJsey as a demulcent. 

Assafoetida. — Mix 1 dr. of the tincture of assafoetida in 1 pt. of 
barley water. Use, as an anthelmintic, or in convulsions from teething. 

GARGLES.— These are remedies used to stimulate chronic sore 
throats, or a relaxed state of the swfillow, or uvula, 

Acidulated. — Mix one part of white vinegar with three pars of 
honey of roses, and twenty-four of barley water. Use^ in chronic in- 
flammations of the throat, malignant sore throat, etc. 

Astring^ent. — Take 2 drs. of roses and mix with 8 ozs. of boiling 
water, infuse for one hour, strain, and add 1 dr. of alum and 1 oz. of 
honey of roses. TJse^ in severe sore throat, relaxed uvula, etc. 

For Salivation. — Mix from 1 to 4 drs. of bruised gall-nuts with 1 
pt. of boiling water, and infuse for two hours, then strain and sweeten. 

Tonic and Stimulant. — Mix 6 ozs. of decoction of bark with 2 ozs. 
of tincture of myrrh, and 3^ dr. of diluted sulphuric acid. TJse^ in 
scorbutic affections. 

Alum. — Dissolve 1 dr. of alum in 15 ozs. of water, then add ^ oz. 
molasses and 1 dr. of diluted sulphuric acid. TJse^ astringent. 

Myrrh. — Add 6 drs. of tincture of myrrh to 7 ozs. of infusion of 
linseed, and then add 1 dr. of diluted sulphuric acid. TJse^ as a 
detergent. 

For Slight Inflammation of the Throat. — Add 1 dr. of sulphuric 
ether to 3^ oz. of syrup of marsh-mallows, and 6 ozs. of barley water. 
This may be used frequently. 

LOIIONS.— Lotions are usually applied to the parts required by 
means of a piece of linen rag or piline, wetted with them, or by wet- 
ting the bandage itself. 

Emollient. — Use decoction of marsh-mallow or linseed. 

Elder Flowers. — Add 23^ drs. of elder flowers to 1 qt. of boiling 
water, infuse for one hour, and strain. TJse^ as a discutient. 

Sedative. — Dissolve 1 dr. of extract of henbane in 24 drs. of water. 

Opium. — Mix 2 drs. of brusied opium with 3^ pt. of boiling water, 
allow it to grow cold, and use for painful ulcers, bruises, etc. 

Stimulant. — Dissolve 1 dr. of caustic potash in 1 pt. of water, and 
then gradually pour it upon 24 grs. of camphor and one dr. of sugar, 
previously bruised together in a mortar. Used as in fungoid and flabby 
ulcers. 

Ordinary. — Mix 1 dr. of salt with 8 ozs. of water. Used for foul 
ulcers and flabby wounds. 

Cold Evaporating. — Add 2 drs. of Goulard's extract (Liquor 
plumhi diacetatis), and the same quantity of sulphuric ether (Ether 
sulphuncusjy to 1 pt. of cold water. Use, as a lotion for contusions, 
sprains, inflamed parts, etc. 

Hydrochlorate of Ammonia. — ^Dissolve 2 drs. of sal ammoniac 
(Ammonios hydrochloras ) in 6 ozs. of water, then add 1 oz. of distilled 
vinegar and the same quantity of rectified spirit. Use^ as a refrigerant. 

Yellow Lotion. — Dissolve 1 gr. of corrosive sublimate ( Hydrargyri 
cidoridum, A violent poison) in 1 oz. of lime water, taking care to 
bruise the chrystals of the salt in order to assist its solution. Use^ as a 
detergent. 

Black Wash. — Add % ^^'- ^^ calomel to 4 ozs. of lime water, or 8 
grs. to 1 oz. of lime water; shake well. Use, as a detergent. 

Acetate of Lead with Opium.— Take 20 grs. of acetate of lead, and 



Appendix to Medical Department.. 361 

1 dr. of powdered opium, mix, nnd ndd 1 oz. of vinegar and 4 ozs of 
warm water, set aside for an hour, then filter. JJae, as astringent. 

Creosote. — Add 1 dr. of creosote to 1 pt of water, and mix by 
shaking. Use, as an application in tinea capitis, or otlier cutaneous 
diseases. 

Galls. — Boil 1 dr. of bruised galls in 12 ozs. of water until only 1^ 
pt. remains, then strain, and add 1 oz. of laudanum. Use, as an 
astrigent and sedative. 

OINTMENTS AND CERATES.— These remedies are used as topi- 
cal applications to parts, generally ulcers, and are usually spread upon 
linen or other materials. 

Camphorated. — Mix 3^ oz. of camphor with 1 oz. of lard, having, 
of course" previously powdered the camphor, by adding a few drops of 
spirit of wine. Use, as a discutient ami stimulant in indolent tumors. 

Chalk. — Mix as much prepared chalk as you can into some lard, 
so as to form a thick ointment. Use, as an application to burns and 
scalds. 

For Itch. — Mix 4 drs. of sublimed sulphur, 2 ozs. of lard, and % 
dr. of diluted sulphuric acid together. This is to be rubbed into the 
body. 

For Scrofulous Ulcerations. — Mix 1 dr. .of ioduret of zinc and 1 
oz. of lard together. Use, twice a day to the ulcerations. 

Catechu. — Mix 1 oz. of powdered catechu, 23^ drs. of powdered 
alum, 1 oz. of powdered white resin, and 23^ ozs. of olive oil, together. 
Use, to apply to flabby and indolent ulcerations. 

Tartar JEmetic. — Mix 20 grs. of tartar emetic and 10 grs. of white 
sugar with 1 1^ drs. of lard. Use, as a counter-irritant in white swell- 
ings, etc. 

PILLS. — Strong Purgative. — Take of powdered aloes, scaramony 
and gamboge, of each, 15 grs., mix and add sufficient Venice turpen- 
tine to make into a mass, then divide into 12 pills. Dose, one or two 
occasionally. 

Milder Purgative. — Take 4 grs. of powdered scammony, and the 
same quantity of compound extract of colocynth, and 2 grs. of calo- 
mel ; mix well, and add 2 di'ops of oil of cloves, or thin gum-water, 
to enable the ingredients to combine properly, and divide into 2 pills. 
DosK, one or two when necessary. 

Common Purgative. — Take of powdered jalap and compound 
extract of colocynth each 4 grs., of calomel 2 grs. ; mix as usual, and 
divide into 2 pills. Dose, one or two occasionally. 

TONIC. — Mix 24 grs. of extract of gentian and the same of puri- 
fied green vitrol (sulpfiate of iron) together, and divide into 12 pills. 
Dose, one or two when necessary. Use, in debility. 

Cough. — Mix 1 dr. of compound powder of ipecacuanha with 1 scr. 
of gum ammoniacum and 1 of dried squill bulb in powder. Make into 
a mass with mucilage, and divide into 20 pills. Dose. — One, three 
times a day. 

Astringent. — Mix 16 grs. of acetate of lead (sugar of lead J with 4 
grs. of opium, and make into a mass with extract of dandelion, so as to 
make eight pills. Dose, from one to two. Use, as an astringent in 
obstinate diarrhea, dysentery, and spitting of blood. 

MIXTURES. — Fever, Simple. — Add 3 ozs. of spirit of mindererus 
(Liqaur ammonioe acetatis), 3 drs. of spirits of sweet nitre, 4 drs. of 
Hntimoninal wine, and 1 dr. of syrup of saffron, to 4 ozs of water, or 
medicated water, such as cinnamon, anise-seed, etc. Dose for an adult, 
one or two tablespoonfuls every three hours. Use., as a diaphoretic. 
16 



362 Appendix to Medical Department 

Aromatic. — Mix 2 drs. of aromatic confection with 2 drs. of com- 
pound tincture of cardamoms, and 8 ozs. of peppermint water. Dose, 
from 1 oz. to Vy^, ozs. TJse^ in flatulent colic and spasms of the bowels. 

Cathartic. — Dissolve 2 ozs. of Epsom salts in 6 ozs. of compound 
infusion of senna, then add 3 ozs. of peppermint water. Dose, from 
13^ to 2 ozs. JJm^ as a warm and active cathartic. 

Diuretic. — Dissolve in 3 ozs. of camphor mixture, 1 dr. of powder- 
ed nitre; add 5 ozs. of the decoction of brooin, with 6 drs. of sweet 
spirits of nitre, and 3 drs. of tincture of sqills; mix. Dose, one tea- 
spoonful every two hours, or two tablespoonfuls every three howrs. 
TJse^ excellent in dropsies. 

Coug-h. — Dissolve 3 grs. of tartar emetic and 15 grains of opium in 
1 pt. of boiling water, then add 4 ozs. of molasses, 2 ozs. of vinegar, 
and 1 pt. of boiling water. Dose, from two teaspoonfuls to two table- 
spoonfuls, according to circumstances, every three hours, or three 
times a day. JJse^ in common catarrh, bronchitis, and iiritable cough. 

Cou'^'h — For Children, — Mix 3 drs. of ipecacuanha wine with 3^ 
oz. of oxymel of squills, the same quantity of syrup of tolu, 1 oz. of 
mucilage, and 2 ozs. of water. Dose, one teaspoonful for children 
under one year, two teasp.oonfuls from one to five years, and a table- 
spoonful for five years, every time the cough is troublesome. 

Anti-Spasmodic. — Dissolve 50 grs. or camphor in 2 drs. of chloro- 
form, and then add 2 drs. of compound tincture of lavender, six drs. of 
mucilage of gum arable, 8 ozs. of anise-seed, cinnamon, or some other 
aromatic water, and 2 ozs. of distilled water; mix well. Dose, one 
tablespoonful every half hour if necessary. Use^ in cholera in the cold 
stage, when cramps are severe, or exhaustion very great ; and as a 
general anti-spasmodic in doses of one dessert-spoonful when the 
spasms are severe. 

Tonic and Stimulant. — Dissolve 1 dr. of extract of bark, and 3^ 
dr. of powdered gum arable, in G ozs. of water, and then add 1 oz. of 
syrup of marsh-mallow, and the same quantity of syrup of tolu. Dose, 
one tablespoonful every three hours, t/se, after fevers and catan-hs. 

Stomachic. — Take 20 grs. of powdered rhubarb, and rub it down 
in 33^ ozs. of peppermint water, then add sal volatile and compound 
tincture of gentian, of each, 13^ drs.; mix. Dose, from 1 oz. to 13^ 
ozs. CTise, as a tonic, stimulant, and stomachic. 

DRINKS. — Tamarind. — Boil 2 ozs. of the pulp of tamarinds in 2 
pts. of milk, then strain. JJse^ as a refrigerant drink. 

Tamarind.— Boil 2 ozs of the pulp in 2 pts. of warm water, and 
allow it to get cold, then strain. Use^ refrigerant. 

POWDERS.— Compound Soda.— Mix 24 grs. of calomel, 36 grs. of 
sesqui-carbonate of soda, and 1 dr. of compound chalk powder, togeth- 
er. Divide into 12 powders. One of the powders to be given for a 
dose when required. Use, as a mild purgative for children- during 
teething. 

Tonic— Mix 1 dr. of powdered rhubarb with the same quantity of 
dried carbonate of soda, then add 2 drs. of powdered calumba root. 
Dose, from 10 to 20 grs. as a tonic after fevers, in all cases of debility, 
and dyspepsia attended with acidity. 

Rhubarb and Magnesia.— Mix 1 dr. of powdered rhubarb with 2 
drs. of carbonate of magnesia, and 1^ dr. of ginger. DoSfi, from 15 
grs. to 1 dr. Use, as a i>iirgative for ciiildren. 

Sulphur and Potash.— Mix 1 dr. of sulphur with 4 scrs. of bicar- 
bonate of potash, and 2 scrs. of nitre. DoSE, from 1^ dr. to 1 dr. 
t/se, as a purgative, diuretic, and refriger. nt. 



Appendix to Medical Department. 363 

Anti"Diarrheal, — Mix 1 g\\ of powdered ipecacuanha, and 1 gr. 
of powdered opium, with the same quantity of camphor. Dose, one of 
these powders to be given in jam, molasses, etc., once or twice a day; 
but to adults only. 

Anti-Spasmodic. — Mix 4 grs. of subnitrate of bismuth, 48 grs. of 
carbonate of magnesia, and the same quantity of white sugar, and then 
divide into four equal parts. Dose, one-fourth part. JJse^ in obstinate 
pain in the stomach with cramps, unattended by inflammation. 

Anti-Pertussal, or Against Wlioopin^-Cough.— Mix 1 dr. of pow- 
dered belladona root, and 2 ozs. of white sugar, together. Dose, 6 
grs. morning and evening for children under one year; 9 grs. for those 
under two and three years of age; 15 grs. for those between five and 
ten; and 30 gre. for adults. Caution. This should be prepared by a 
chemist, as the belladona is a poison, and occasional doses of castor oil 
should be given while it is being taken. 

Purgative — Common. — Mix 10 grs. of calomel, with 1 dr. of pow- 
dered jalap, and 20 grs. of sugar. Dose, one-half of the whole for 
adults. 

Sudorific. — Mix 6 grs. of compound antimonial powder, 2 grs. of 
ipecacuanha, and 2 grs. of sugar, together. Dose, as mixed, to be 
taken at bed-time. Zfse. in catarrh and fever. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— Etlieral Tincture of Male Fern.— Digest 1 
oz. male fern buds in 8 ozs. of sulphuric ether, then strain. Dose, 
thirty drops early in the morning, tlse^ to kill tapeworm. 

Emulsion — Laxative. — Rub down 1 oz. of castor oil in 2 drs. of 
mucilage of gum arabic, add 3 ozs. of dill water, and a dr. of tincture 
of jalap, gradually. Dose, as prepared, the whole to be taken while 
fasting in the morning. 

Emulsion — Purgative. — Rub down 6 grs. of scammony with 6 
drs. of white sugar in a mortar, and gradually add 4 ozs. of almond 
emulsion, and two drops of oil of cloves. Dose, as prepared, early iu 
the morning. 

To Prevent Pitting After Small -Pox.— Spread a sheet of thin 
leather with the ointment of aramoniacum with mercury, and cut out 
a place for the mouth, eyes, and nostrils. This forms what is called a 
mask, and, after anointing the eyelids with a little blue ointment 
( Unagueidum hydrargyri), it should be applied to the face, and allowed 
to remain for three days for the distinct kind, and four days for the 
running variety. Period to apply it : Before the spots fill with matter, 
although it will answer sometimes even after they have become pustu- 
lous. It may be applied to any part in the same way. 

Another Method. — And one more reliable, is that of touching 
every pustule, or poc, on the face or bosom with a camel-hair pencil 
dipped in a weak solution of lunar caustic (nitrate of silver)^ made iu 
the proportion of 2 grs. of nitrate of silver to 1 oz. of distilled water. 
The time for the application is about the seventh day, while each pus- 
tule is filled with a limpid fluid, or before suppuration takes place, the 
lotion arresting that action, and by preventing the formation of matter, 
saving the skin from being pitted; a result that follows from the con- 
version of the adispose tissue into pus. 

A third method of effecting the same purpose is by passing a fine 
needle through each poc, when fully distended with lymph; the escape 
of the fluid averting, as in the other mode, the suppuration which 
would otherwise ensue. 

Mucilage of Gum Arabic. — Rub 1 oz. of gum arabic in a mortar, 
with 4 ozs. of warm water. Use. for coughs, etc. - 



364 Appendix to Medical Department 

Mucilage of Starcli.— Hub 1 dr. of starch with a little water, and 
frratlnally add 5 ozs. of water, then boil until it forms a mucilage. 
Use, lor eiienias, topical applications, and demulcents. 

DISEASES.* — It should be clearly understood, that in all cases of 
disease, tlie advice of a sliillfal physician is of the hrst importance. It 
is not, tlierefore, intended by the following information to supersede 
tlie important and necessary practice of the medical man; but rather, 
by exhibiting the treatment required, to show in wliat degree his aid 
is imperative. In cases, however, where the disorder may be simple 
and transient, or in which remote residence, or other circumstances, 
may deny the privilege of medical attendance, the following particu- 
lars will be found of the utmost value. Moreover, the hints given upon 
what should be avoided will be of great service to the patient, since 
the physiological is no less Important than the medical treatment of 
disease. 

Apoplexy. — Immediate and large bleeding from the arm, cupping 
at the back of the neck, leeches to the temples, aperients Nos. 1 and 7, 
one or two drops of croton oil rubbed or dropped on the tongue. Avoid 
excesss, intemperance, animal food. 

Bile, Bilious, or Liver Complaints. — Abstinence from malt 
liquors, cool homeopathic cocoa for drink, no tea or coffee, few vege- 
tables, no broths or soups; lean, juicy meat not overcooked for dinner, 
with occasionally stale bread and a slice of toasted bacon for breakfast. 
Nos. 59 and 60. 

Cnicken Pox.— Mild aperients, No. 4, succeeded by No. 7, and No. 
8, if much fever accompany the eruption. 

Chilblains. — Warm, drj'^ woolen clothing to exposed parts in cold 
weather, as a preventive. In the tirst stage, frictions with No. 63, used 
cold. When ulcers form they should be poulticed with bread and 
water for a day or two, and then dressed with calamine cerate. Or chiK 
blains in every stage, whether of simple inflammation or open ulcer, 
may always be successfully treated by the extract of lead (Liquor 
plumbi acetatisj, used pure or applied on lint twice a day. 

Common Continued Fever. — Aperients in the commencement, No. 
1, followed by No. 7, then diaphoretics. No. 8, and afterwards tonics» 
No. 16, in the stage of weakness. Avoid all excesses. 

Common Cough. — The linctus. No. 57 or No. 58, abstinence from 
malt liquor, and protection from cold damp air. Avoid cold, damp, 
and draughts 

Constipation. — The observance of a regular period of evacuating 
the bowels, which is most proper in the morning after breakfast. The 
use of mild aperients. No. 62, brown bread instead of white. There 
should be an entire change in the dietary for a few days while taking 
opening medicine. 

Consumption. — The disease may be complicated with various mor- 
bid conditions of the lungs and heart, which require appropriate 
treatment. To allay the cough. No. 57 is an admirable remedy. 
Avoid cold, damp, excitement and over exertion. 

Convulsions— Children.— If during teething, free lancing of the 
gums, the warm bath, cold applications to the head, leeches to the tem- 
ples, an emetic, and a laxative clyster, No. 24. 

Croup.— Leeches to the throat, with hot fomentations as long as the 
attack lasts; the emetic. No. 19, afterwards the aperient, No. 5. Avoid 
cold and damp. 

*Fov the proper Remedies aud their Doses see " Perscriptions," and also 
the various diseases under their respective heads. 



Appendix to Medical Department, • 365 

Dropsy. — Evacuate the water by means of N"o. 11, and by rubbing 
camphorated oil into the body night and morning. 

Epilepsy. — If accompanied or produced by fulness of the vessels 
of the Jiead, leeches to the temples, blisters, and No. 1 and No. 7. If 
from debility or confirmed epilepsy, the mixture, No. 22. Avoid 
drinking and excitement. 

Eruptions osi the Face.— The powder, No. 34, internally, sponging 
the face with the lotion, No. 35. Avoid excesses in diet. 

Erysipelas. — Aperients, if the patient be strong, No. 1, followed 
by No. 7, then tonics. No. 31 ; No. 31 from the commencement in weak 
subjects. 

Faintness. — Effusion of cold water on the face, stimulants to the 
nostrils, pure air, and the recumbent position ; afterwards, avoidance 
of the exciting cause. Avoid excitment. 

Frost-bite and Frozen Limbs. — No heating or stimulating liquors 
must be given. Rub the parts affected with ice, cold, or snow water 
and lay the patient on a cold bed. 

Gout. — The aperients, No. 1, followed by No. 28, bathing the parts 
with gin-and-water; for drink, weak tea or coflee. Warmth by 
flannels. Abstain from wines, spirits, and animal food. 

Grayel. — No. 5, followed by No. 7, the free use of magnesia as an 
aperient. The pill No. 26. Abstain from fermented drinks, hard 
water. Another form of gravel must be treated by mineral acids, 
given three times a day. 

Whoopingr Cough. — Wliooping cough may be complicated with 
congestion or inflammation of the lungs, or convulsions, and then be- 
comes a serious disease. If uncomplicated. No. 58. 

Hysterics. — The fit may be prevented by the administration of 
thirty drops of laudanum, and as many of ether. When it has taken 
I)lace open the windows, loosen the tight parts of the dress, sprinkle 
cold water on the face, etc. A glass of wine or cold water when the 
patient can swallow. Avoid excitement and tight lacing. 

Indigestion.— The pills No. 2, with the mixture No. 22, at the 
same time abstinence from veal, pork, mackarel, salmon, pastry, and 
beer; for drink, homeopathic cocoa, a glass of cold spring water the first 
thing every morning. Avoid excesses. 

fuflainination of the Bladder, — Bleeding, aperients No. 5 and No. 
7, the warm bath, afterwards opium; the pill No. 12, three times a day 
till relieved. Avoid fermented liquors, etc. 

Inflammation of the Bowels. — Leeches, blisters, fomentations, hot 
baths, iced drinks, the pills No. 83; move the bowels with clysters, if 
necessaiy, No. 24. Avoid cold, indigestible food, etc. 

Inflammation of the Brain.— Application of cold to the head, 
bleeding from the temples or back of the neck by leeches or cupping; 
aperients No. 1, followed by No, 7; mercury to salivation. No. 18. 
Avoid excitement, study, intemperance. 

Inflammation of the Kidneys. — Bleeding from the arm, leeches 
over the seat of pain, aperients No. 5, followed by No. 64, the warm 
bath. Avoid violent exercise, rich living. 

Inflammation of the Liver. — Leeches over the right side, the seat 
of pain, blisters, aperients No. 1, followed by No. 7, afterwards the 
pills No. 23, till the gums are slightly tender. Avoid cold, damp, in- 
temperance, and anxiety. 

Inflammation of the Lungs. — Bleeding from the arm or over the 
painful part of the chest by leeches, succeeded by a blister; the demul- 
cent mixture, No. 17, to allay the cough, with the powders No. 18. 
Avoid cold, damp, and draughts. 



366 Appendix to Medical Department 

[nflamination of the Stomach.— Leeches to the pit of the stomach, 
followed by fomentations, cold iced water for drink, bowels to be 
evacuated by clysters; abstinence from all food except cold gruel, 
milk and water, or tea. Avoid excesses, and condiments. 

Inflammatory Sore Throat.— Leeches and blisters externally, 
aperients No. 1, followed by No. 7, gargle to clear the throat, No. 20. 
Avoid cold, damp, and draughts. 

Inflamed Eyes.— The bowels to be regulated by No. 5, a small 
blister behind the ear or on the nap of the neck — the eye to be bathed 
with No. 39. 

Influenza. — No. i as an aperient and diaphoretic. No. 17 to allay 
fever and cough. No. 31 as a tonic, when weakness only remains. 
Avoid cold and damp, use clothing suited to the changes of tempera- 
ture. 

Intermittent Fever, or Ague. — Take No. 16 during the intermis- 
sion of the paroxysm of the fever; keep the bowels free with a wine 
glass of No. 7. Avoid bad air, stagnant pools, etc. 

Itch,— The ointment of No. 32, or lotion No. 33. 

Jaundice. — The pills No. 1, afterwards the mixture No. 7, drinking 
freely of dandelion tea. 

Looseness of the Bowels — English Cholera. — One pill No. 23, re- 
peated if necessary; afterwards the Mixture No. 25. Avoid unripe 
fruits, acid drinks, ginger beer; wrap flannel around the abdomen. 

Measles. — A well ventilated room, aperients, No. 4, with No. 17 
to allay the cough and fever. 

Menstruation — Excessive. — No. 47 during the attack, with rest in 
the recumbent position ; in the intervals. No. 46. 

Menstruation — Scanty. — In strong patients, cupping the loins, ex- 
ercise in the open air, 47, the feet in warm water before the expected 
period, the pills No. 45; in weak subjects, No. 46. Gentle and regular 
exercise. Avoid hot rooms, and too much sleep. 

Menstruation — PainfuL — No. 48 during the attack; in the inter- 
vals, No. 45 twice a week, with No. 46. Avoid cold, mental excitement, 
etc. 

Mumps. — Fomentation with a decoction of camomiles and poppy 
heads; No. 4 as an aperient, and No. 9 during the stage of fever. Avoid 
cold, and attend to the regularity of the bowels. 

Nervousness. — Cheerful society, early rising, exercise in the open 
air, particularly on horseback, and No. 15. Avoid excitement, study, 
and late meals. 

Palpitation of the Heart.— The pills No. 2, with the mixture 
No. 15. 

Piles. — The paste No. 38, at the same time a regulated diet. Wheu 
the piles are external, or can be reached, one or two applications of 
the extract of lead, with an occasional dose of lenitive electuary, will 
generally succeed in curing them. 

Quinsy.- A blister applied all round the throat; an emetic. No. 
19, commonly succeeds in breaking the abcesses; afterwards the gargle 
No. 20. Avoid cold and damp. 

Blieumatism.— Bathe aflected parts with No. 27, and take inter- 
nally No. 28, with No. 29 at bed-time, to ease pain, etc. Avoid dam-> 
and cold, wear flannel. 

Kickets.— The powder No. 37, a dry, pure atmosphere, a nouiiehing 
diet. 

Ringworm.— The. lotion No. 36, with the occasiou^J use -of the 
powder No. 5. Fresh air and cleanliness. 



Appendix to Medical Department. 367 

Scarlet Feyer.— Well ventilated room, sponging the body when 
hot with cold or tepid vinegar, or spirit and water; aperients, No. 4; 
diaphoretics. No. 8. If dropsy succeed the disappearance of the erup- 
tion, fiequent purging with No. 5, succeeded by No. 7. 

Scrofula.— Pure air, light but warm clothing, diet of fresh animal 
food; bowels to be regulated by No. 6 and No. 30, taken regularly 
for a considerable time. 

Scurvy.— Fresh animal and vegetable food, and the free use of 
ripe fruits and lemon juice. Avoid cold and damp. 

Small-Pox.— A well ventilated apartment, mild aperients; if 
fever be present, No. 7, succeded by diaphoretics No. 8, and tonics 
No. 16 in the stage of debility, or decline of the eruption. 

St. Vitus's Dance. — The occasional use, in the commencment, of 
No. 5, followed by No. 7, afterwards No. 61. 

Thrush.— One of the powders No. 6 every other night; in the in- 
tiervals a dessert-spoon of the mixture No. 22 three times a day; white 
spots to be dressed with the honey of borax. 

Tlc-Doloreux.- Regulate the bowels with No. 3 and take in the 
intervals of pain No. 31. Avoid cold, damp, and mental anxiety. 

Toothache. — Continue the use of No. 3 for a few alternate days. 
Apply liquor ammonia to reduce the pain, and when that is accom- 
plished, fill the decayed spots with silver succedaneum without delay, or 
the pain will return. A drop of creosote, or a few drops of chloro- 
form on cotton, applied to the tooth, or a few grains of camphor 
placed in the decayed opening, or camphor moistened with turpentine, 
will often afford instant relief. 

Typhus Fever.— Sponging the body with cold or tepid water, a 
well-ventilated apartment, cold applications to the head or temples. 
Aperients No. 4, with refrigerants No. 9; tonics No. 16 in the stage of 
debility. 

Water on theBrain. — Local bleeding by means of leeches, blisters, 
aperients No. 5, and mercurial medicines No. 18. 

Whites.— The mixture No. 43, with the injection No. 44. Cloth- 
ing light but warm, moderate exercise in the open air. 

USEFUL PRESCRIPTIONS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THOSE 
WHO PREFER THE " OLD SCHOOL" PRACTICE. 

PRESCRIPTIONS.*— The following prescriptions, originally de- 
rived from various prescribers' Pharmacopoeias, embody the favorite 
remedies employed by the most eminent physicians: 

1. Take of powdered aloes, 9 grs.; extract of colocy nth, com- 
pound, 18 grs.; calomel, 9 grs.; tartrate of antimony, 2 grs.; mucilage, 
sufficient to make a mass, which is to be. divided into 6 pills; 3 to be 
taken every 24 hours, till they act thoroughly on the bowels : in cases 
of inflammation, apoplexy, etc. 

2. Powdered rhubarb, Socotrine aloes, and gum mastich, each 
1 scr. ; make into 12 pills: 1 before and 1 after dinner. 

3. Compound extract of colocynth, extract of jalap, and caatile 
soap, of each 1 scr.; make into 12 pills. 

4. James's po'.\ der, 5 grs. ; calomel, 3 grs : in fevers, for adults. 
For children, the following: powdered camphor. 1 scr.; calomel and 
powdered scammony, of each 9 grs. ; James's powder, 6 grs. ; mix and 
divide into 6 powders. Half of 1 powder twice a day for an infant a 

* These to be used in the Cases enumerated under the head " Diseases.' 



368 Appendix to Medical Department. 

year old ; a whole powder for 3 years ; and for 4 years, the same 3 
times a day. 

5. James's powder, 6 grs. ; powdered jalap, 10 grs. ; mix, and 
divide into 3 or 4 powders, according to the child's age: in one powder 
if for an adult. 

6. Powdered rhubarb, 4 grs. ; mercury and chalk, 3 grs.; ginger 
in powder, 1 gr.: an alterative aperient for children. 

7. Dried sulphate of magnesia, 6 drs.; sulphate of soda, 3drs.; 
infusion of senna, 7 ozs. ; tincture of jalap, and compound tincture oi 
cardamoms, each ^^ oz. in acute diseases generally; take 2 table- 
spoons every 4 hours till it operates freely. 

8. Nitrate of potass, 1^ drs.; spirits of nitric ether, 3>^ oz ; cam- 
phor mixture, and the spirit of mindererus, each 4 ozs. : in feversi, 
etc. ; two table-spoons 3 times a day, and for children a dessert-spoon 
every four hours. 

9. Spirit of nitric ether, 3 drs.; dilute nitric acid, 2 drs.; syrup, 3 
drs.; camphor mixture, 7 ozs. : in fevers, etc., with debility; dose as 
last. 

10. Spirit of mindererus and camphor mixture of each 33^ ozs.; 
wine of antimony, 13^ drs.; wine of ipecacuanha, l)^drs. ; S3'^rup of 
tolu, 3^ oz. : dose as last. 

11. Decoction of broom, "% P^-^ cream-of-tartar, 1 oz. ; tincture 
squills, 2 drs.: in dropsies; a third part 3 times a day. 

12. Pills of soap and opium, 5 grs. for a dose, as directed. 

13. Compound powder of ipecacuanha, 7 to 12 grs. for a dose, as 
directed. 

14. Battley's solution of opium, from 10 to 40 drops; camphor 
mixture, \}/^ ozs: in a draught at bedtime. 

15. Ammoniated tincture of valerian, 6 drs.; camphor mixture, 
7ozs. : a fourth part three times a day; in spasmodic and hysterical 
disorders. 

16. Disulphate of quina, 3^ dr.; dilute sulphuric acid, 20 drops; 
compound infusion of roses, 8 ozs.: two table-spoons every 4 hours, in 
intermittent and other fevers, during the absence of the paroxysm. 

17. Almond mixture, 1% ozs.; wine of antimony and ipecacuan- 
ha, of each 13^ drs.: a table-spoon every 4 hours; in cough with 
fever, etc. 

1§. Calomel, 1 gr. ; powdered white sugar, 2 grs. ; to make a 
powder to be placed on the tongue every two or three hours. Should 
the calomel act on the bowels, powdered kino is to be substituted for 
the sugar. 

19. Antimony and ipecacuanha wines of each 1 oz. ; a tea-spoon 
every ten minutes till it vomits; but for an adult a large table-spoon 
to be taken. 

20. Compound infusion of roses, 7 ozs. ; tincture of myrrh, 1 oz. 

21. Decoction of bark, 6 ozs. ;* aromatic confection,! dr.; tinc- 
ture of opium, 5 drops. 

22. Infusion of orange peel, 7 ozs. ; tincture of hops, 3^oz. ; and 
1 dr. carbonate of soda ; two table-spoons twice a day. Or, infusion 
of valerian, 7 ozs.; carbonate of ammonia, 2 scrs.; compound tincture 
of bark, 6 drs. ; spirits of ether, 2 drs. : one table-spoon every twenty- 
four hours. 

23. Blue pill, 4 grs. ; opium, '% gr.; to be taken 3 times a day. 

24. For a Clyster. — A pint and a half of gruel or fat broth, 1 
table-spoon of castor oil, 1 of common salt, and a lump of butter; mix, 
to be injected slowly. A third of the quantity enough for an infant. 



Appendix to Medical Department 369 

25. Chalk mixture, 7 ozs. ; aromatic and opiate confections, of 
each 1 dr. ; tincture of catechu, 6 drs. ; two table-spoons every two hours. 

26. Carbonate of soda, powdered rhubarb, and castile soap, each 

1 dr.; make 36 pills ; three twice a day. 

27. Lotion. — Common salt, 1 oz. ; distilled water, 7 ozs. ; spirits 
of wine, 1 oz. ; mix. 

28. Dried sulphate of magnesia, 6 drs. ; heavy carbonate of 
maffnesia, 2drs. ; wine of colchicum, 2 drs. ; water, 8 ozs.; take two 
table-spoons every four hours. 

29. Compound powder of ipecacuanha, 10 grs. ; powdered guaio 
um, 4 grs. ; in a powder at bedtime. 

30. Bran dish's solution of potash; 30 drops twice a day in a wine 
glass of beer. 

31. Disulphate of quina, 3^ dr. ; dilute sulphuric acid, 10 drops; 
compound infusion of roses, 8 ozs. ; tWo table-spoons every four hours, 
and as a tonic in the stage of weakness succeeding fever. 

32. Flowers of sulphur, 2 ozs.; hog's lard, 4 ozs.; white helle- 
bore powder, J^ oz. ; oil of lavender, 60 drops. 

33. Hydriodate of potass, 2 drs. ; distilled water, 8 ozs. 

34. Flowers of sulphur, 3^ dr ; carbonate of soda, 1 sen; tartar- 
ized antimony, ^^ gr.; one powder, night and morning, in eruptions of 
the skin or face. 

35. Milk of bitter almonds, 7 ozs. ; bichloride of mercury, 4 grs.; 
spirits of rosemary, 1 oz. ; bathe the eruption with this lotion three 
times a day. 

36. Sulphate of zinc, 2 scrs.; sugar of lead, 15 grs.; distilled 
ivater, 6 ozs. ; the parts to be washed with the lotion two or three times 
u day. 

37. Carbonate of iron, 6 grs. ; powdered rhubarb, 4 grs. ; one 
powder night and morning. 

38. Elecampane powder, 2 ozs.; sweet fennel-seed powder, 3 ozs.; 
black pepper powder, 1 oz. ; purified honey, and brown sugar, of each 

2 ozs.: the size of a nutmeg two or three times a day. 

39. Sulphate of zinc, 12 grs. ; wine of opium, 1 dr. ; rose water, 
6 ozs. 

40. Common salt, 1 oz. ; water, 4 ozs. ; spirits of wine and vine- 
gar, each 2 ozs. ; the parts to be bathed or rubbed with this lotion 
frequently. 

41. Spirits of wine and distilled vinegar, each 1 oz.; rose water, 
6 ozs.; the parts to be kept constantly damp with the lotion. 

42. Linseed oil and lime water, equal quantities; anoint the in- 
jured parts freely with a feather. 

43. Sulphate of magnesia, 6 drs. ; sulphate of iron, 10 grs. ; diluted 
sulphuric acid, 40 drops ; tincture of cardamoms (compound), 34 oz. ; 
water, 7 ozs. ; a fourth part night and morning. 

44. Decoction of oak bark, 1 pt. ; dried alum, 3^ oz. ; for an in- 
jection, a syringe ful to be used night and morning. 

45. Compound gamboge pill, and a pill of assafoetida and aloes, 
of each 3^ dr. ; make 12 pills; two twice or three times a week. 

46. Griffiths's mixture — one table-spoon three times a day. 

47. Ergot of rye, 5 grs. ; in a powder, to be taken every 4 hours. 

48. Powdered opium, 34 gr. ; camphor, 2 grs.; in a pill; to be 
taken every three or four hours while in pain. 

49. Balsam of copaiba, % oz. ; powdered cubebs, 34 oz. ; solution 
of potass, 3 drs.; powdered acacia, 2 drs. ; laudanum, 20 drops; cinna- 
mon water, 7 ozs. ; one table-spoon three times a day. 



370 Appendix to Medical Department* 

50. Tartarized antimony, 2 grs. ; sulphate of magnesia, 6 drs. ; 
nitrate of potass, 1 dr. ; compound tincture of cardamoms, % oz. ; 
water, 3 ozs. 

. 51. Lime water, 2 ozs. ; calomel, 1 scr. ; make a lotion, to be ap- 
plied by means of soft lint. 

52. Blue pill, 5 grs. ; powdered opium, % gr. ; two pills at night 
and one in the morning. 

53. Biniodide of mercury, 2 grs. ; hydriodate of potass, 1 dr. ; ex- 
tract of sarsaparilla, 1 oz. ; water, 8 ozs. ; one table-spoon three times 
a day. 

54. Sulphate of zinc, 24 grs., in a wine glass of water; to be 
given for an emetic, and repeated if necessary. 

55. Dill water, 11^ ozs. ; volatile tincture of valerian, 20 drops; 
tincture of castor, 1 dr. ; spirits of sulphuric ether, 20 drops; make a 
draught, to be taken three times a day. 

56. Syrup of poppies, oxymel of squills, of each 1 oz. ; solution 
of potass, 2 drs. ; a tea-spoon frequently. 

57. Syrup of balsam of tolu, 2 ozs. ; the muriate of morphia, 2 
grs. ; muriatic acid, 20 drops; a tea-spoon twice a day. 

5§. Salts of tartar, 2 scrs. ; powdered cochineal, 20 grs. ; honey, 
1^ lb. ; water, 3^ pt. ; boll, and give a table-spoon three times a day. 

59. Calomel, 10 grs. ; castile soap, extract of jalap, extract of 
colocynth, of each 1 scr. ; oil of juniper, 5 drops; make into fifteen 
pills ; one three times a day. 

60. Infusion of orange peel, 8 ozs. ; carbonate of soda, 1 dr. ; and 
compound tincture of cardamoms, 3^oz. ; take a table-spoon three 
times a day, succeeding the pills. 

61. Carbonate of iron, 3 ozs.; syrup of ginger, sufficient to make 
an electuary ; a tea-si)Oon three times a day. 

62. Take of castile soap, compound extract of colocynth, com- 
pound rhubarb pill, and the extract of jalap, of each 1 scr. ; oil of car- 
ravvay, 10 drops; make into 20 pills, and take one after dinner every 
day while necessary. 

63. Spirit of rosemary, five parts ; spirit of wine, or spirit of 
turpentine, 1 part. 

64. Take of thick mucilage, 1 oz. ; castor oil, 12 drs. ; make into 
an emulsion; add mint water, 4 ozs.; spirit of nitre, 3 drs. ; lauda- 
num, 1 dr.; mixture of squills,! dr. ; and syrup, 7 drs.; mix; two 
table-spoons every six hours. 

MEDICINES (Aperient.) — In the spring time of the year the 
judicious use of aperient medicines is much to be commended. 

Spring Aperients. — For children an excellent medicine is — 1. 
Brimstone and molasses, prepared by mixing an ounce and a half of 
sulphur, and half an ounce of cream-of-tartar, with eight ounces of 
molasses ; and, according to the age of the child, giving from a small 
tea-spoon to a dessert-spoon, early in the morning, two or three times 
a week. As this sometimes produces sickness, the following may be 
used : — 2. Take of powdered Kochelle salts one drachm and a half, 
powdered jalap and powdered rhubarb, each fifteen grains, ginger, 
two grains ; mix. Dose for a child above five years, one small tea-spoon ; 
above tei\ years, a large tea spoon ; above fifleen, half the whole, or two 
tea-spoons ; and for a person above twenty, three tea-spoons, or the 
whole, as may be required by the habit of the person. This medicine 
may be dissolved in warm water, mint, or common tea. The powder 
can be kept for use in a wide-mouthed bottle, and be in readiness for 
any emergency. The druggist may be directed to treble or quadruple 
the quantities, as convenient. 



Appendix to Medical Department. 371 

Aperient Pills. — To some adults all liquid medicines produce such 
nausea that pills are the only form in which aperients can be exhib- 
ited ; tlie following is a useful formula: — 3. Take of compound 
rhubarb pill a drachm and one scruple, of powdered ipecacuanha ten 
grains, and of extract of hyoscyamus one scruple ; mix, and beat into 
amass, and divide into twenty-four pills: take one or two, or if of a 
Ycry costive habit, three at bedtime.— -4. For persons requiring a more 
powerful aperient, the same formula, with twenty grains of compound 
extract of colocynth, will form a good purgative pill. Tha mass re- 
ceiving this addition must be divided into thirty, instead of twenty- 
four pills. 

Black Draught. — 5. The common aperient medicine known as 
black draught is made in the following manner: Take of senna leaves 
six drachms, bruised ginger, half a drachm, sliced licorice root four 
drachms, Epsom salts, two and a half ounces, boiling water, half an 
imperial pint. Keep this standing on the hob or near the fire for three 
hours, then strain, and after allowing it to grow cool, add of sal- 
volatile one drachm and a half, of tincture of senna, and of tincture of 
cardamoms, each half an ounce. (This mixture will keep a long time 
in a cool place.) Dose, a wine glass for an adult ; and two table-spoons 
for young persons about fifteen years of age. It is not a suitable med- 
icine for children. 

Tonic Aperient. — 6. Take of Epsom salts one ounce, diluted sul- 
phuric acid, one drachm, infusion of quassia chips, half an imperial 
pint, compound tincture of rhubarb, two drachms. Half a wine glass 
for a dose twice a day. 

Infants' Aperient. — 7. Take of rhubarb, five grains, magnesia, 
three grains, white sugar, a scruple, grey powder, five grains; mix. 
Dose, for an infant from twelve to eighteen months of age, from one- 
third to one-half of the whole. —8. A useful laxative for children is 
composed of calomel, five grains, and sugar a scruple, made into five 
powders ; half of one of these for a child from birth to one year, and a 
whole one from that age to three years. 

Flour of Brimstone is a mild aperient in doses of about a 
quarter of an ounce ; it is best taken in milk. Flour of brimstone, 
which is also called sublimed sulphur, is generally put up in ounce 
packages. 

Medicines — Preparations of. — The following directions are of the 
utmost value in connection with the Domestic Pharmacopoea, Diseases, 
Prescriptions, and Poisons. They will he found most important to emi- 
grants, attendants upon the sick, and persons who reside out of the reach of 
medical aid, sailors, etc., etc. They contain instructions not only for the 
compounding of medicines, but most useful hints and cautions upon the 
application of leeches, blisters, poultices, etc. 

Articles Required for Mixing Medicines.— Three glass measures, 
one to measure ounces, another to measure drachms, and a measure for 
minims, drops, or small doses. A pestle and mortar, both of glass and 
Wedgewood-ware, a glass funnel, and glass stirring rods. A spatula, 
or flexible knife, for spreading ointments, making pills, etc. A set of 
scales and weights. A small slab of marble, slate, or porcelain, for mak- 
ing pills upon, mixing ointments, etc. 

Medicine Weights and Measures. — Weights. — When you open 
your box containing the scales and weights, you will observethat there 
are several small pieces of brass, of diflerent sizes and thicknesses, and 
stamped with a variety of characters These are the weight.-, which we 
will now explain. 



372 Appendix to Medical Departmeut. 

Medicines are made up by Troy weight, although drugs are 
bought by avoirdupois weight, and of course you know that there are 
only twelve ounces to the pound troy, which is marked ft. ; then each 
ounce, which contains eight drachms, is marked ^i. ; each drachm, 
containing three scruples, is marked ^i. ; and each scruple of twenty 

f rains is marked ^i. The grain weights are marked by little circles 
Grains, signifying a grain. Each of the grain weights, in addition to 



^ o the circles denoting their several weights, bears also the 
o stamp of a crown. Care must be taken not to mistake this 
for one of the numerals. Besides these weights you will find others 
marked ^ss, which means half a scruple ; ^ss, meaning half a drachm; 
and ^ss, meaning half an ounce. "When there are ounces, drachms, or 
scruples, the number of them is shown by Roman figures, thus: — i. 11. 
lii. iv. v., etc., and prescriptions are written in this style. 

Measures. — Liquid medicines are measured by the following table: 
60 minims .1 ^1 fluid drachm. 

8 fluid drachms . ( ) 1 fluid ounce. 

16 fluid ounces . f are contained in j 3 pint. 
8 pints . . ) ( 1 gallon. 

And the signs which distinguish each are as follows: c. means a gal- 
lon ; 0. a pint; ^^, a fluid ounce ; ^5, a fluid drachm ; and m, a minim, 
or drop. Formerly drops used to be ordered, but as the size of a drop 
must necessarily vary, minims are always directed to be employed 
now for any particular medicine, although for such medicines as oil 
of cloves, essence of ginger, etc., drops are frequently ordered. 

In order that we may measure medicines Accurately, 
there are graduated glass vessels for measuring ounces, drachms, and 
minims. 

When proper Measures are not at hand, it is necesqary 
to adopt some other method of determining the quantities requirea, 
and therefore we have drawn up the following table for that purpose: 



A tumbler 

A tea-cup 

A wine glass 

A table-spoon 

A dessert-spoon . . . 
A tea-spoon 



> usually contains about 



{ 10 ounces. 
6 
2 

4 drachms. 
2 
1 " 



These quantities refer to ordinary sized spoons and vessels. Some 
cups hold half as much more, and some table-spoons contain 6 drachms. 
Many persons keep a medicine-glass, which is graduated so as to shown 
the number of spoons it contains. 

Process of Making Medicines.— To Powder Substances. — 
Place the substance in the mortar, and strike it gently with direct per- 
pendicular blows of the pestle, until it separates into several pieces, 
then remove all but a small portion, which bruise gently at flrst, and 
rub the pestle round and ro\md the mortar, observing that the circles 
described by the pestle should gradually decrease in diameter, and 
then increase again, because by this means every part of the powder 
is subjected to the process of pulverization. In powdering substances, 
making emulsions, and whenever using a mortar, the pestle should 
always tv^\e\from the right to the left. 

Some substances require to be prepared in a particular manner 
before they can be powdered, or to be assisted by adding some other 
body. For example, camphor powders more easily when a few drops 
of spirits of wine are added to it; mace, nutmegs, and such oily aro- 



Appendix to Medical Department. 373 

matic substances are better for tlie addition of a little wnue sugar; 
resins and gum-resins should be powdered in a cold place, and if they 
are intended to be dissolved, a little fine, well-washed white sand mix- 
with tiieni assists the process of powdering. Tough roots, like gentian 
and calumba, should be cut into thin slices; and fibrous roots, like 
ginger, cut slanting, otherwise the powder will be full of small fibres, 
vegetable matters require to be dried before they are powdered, such 
as peppermint, loosestrife, senna, etc. 

Bb careful not to pound too hard in a glass, porcelain, or 
Wedgewood-ware mortar; they are intended only for substances that 
pulverize easily, and for the purpose of mixing or incorporating med- 
icines. Never use acids in a marble mortar, and be sure that you do 
not powder galls or any other astringent substances in any but a brass 
mortar. 

Sifting is frequently required for powdered substances, and this 
is usually done by employing a fine sieve, or tying the powder up in a 
piece of muslin, and striking it against the left hand over a piece of 
paper. 

Filtering is frequently required for the purpose of obtaining 
clear fluids, such as infusions, eye-washes, and other medicines; and 
it is, therefore, highly important to know how to perform this simple 
operation. We must first of all make the filter paper; this is done by 
taking a square sheet of white blotting paper, and doubling it over, so 
as to form an angular cup. We next procure a piece of wire, twist it 
into a form to place the funnel in, to prevent it passing to far into the 
neck of the bottle. Open out the filter paper very carefully, and hav- 
ing placed it in the funnel, moisten it with a little water. Then place 
the wire in the space between the funnel and the bottle, and pour the 
liquid gently down the side of the paper, otherwise the fluid is apt to 
burst the paper. 

Maceration is another process that is frequently required to be 
performed in making up medicines, and consists simply in immersing 
the medicines in cold water or spirits for a certain time. 

Digestion i*esembles maceration, except that the process is assist- 
ed by a gentle heat. The ingredients are placed in a flask, such as 
salad oil is sold in, which should be fitted with a plug of tow or wood, 
and have a piece of wire twisted round the neck. The flask is held by 
means of the wire over the flame of a spirit lamp, or else placed in 
some sand warmed in an old iron saucepan over the fire, care being 
taken not to place more of the flask below the sand than the portion 
occupied by the ingredients. 

IKFUSION is one of the most frequent operations required in mak- 
ing up medicines, its object being to extract the aromatic and volatile 
principles of substances, that would be lost by decoction or digestion; 
and to extract the soluble from the insoluble parts of bodies. Infusions 
may be made with cold water, in which case they are weaker, but more 
pleasant. The general method employed consists in slicing, bruising, 
or rasping the ingredients first, then placing them in a common jug 
(which should be as globular as possible), and pouring boiling water 
over them ; cover the jug with a cloth folded six or eight times, but if 
there be a lid to the jug so much the better; when the infusion has 
stood the time directed, hold a piece o(very coarse linen over the spout, 
and pour the liquid through it into another jug. 

Decoction, or boiling, is employed to extract the mucilaginous 
or gummy parts of substances, their bitter, astringent, or other quali- 
ties, and is nothing more than boiling the ingredients in a saucepan 



374 Appendix to Medical Department. 

with the lid slightly raised. Be sure never to use an iron saucepan for 
astrinoent decoctions, such as oak bark, galls, etc., as they will turn 
the saucepan black, and spoil tlie decoction. The enamelled saucepans 
are very useful for dfcoctior.s, but an excellent plan is to put the in- 
gredients into a jar and boil the jar, thus preparing it by a water bath, 
as it is technically termed; or by using a common pipkin, which 
answers still better. No decoction should be allowed to boil for more 
than ten minutes. 

Extracts are made by evaporating the liquors obtained by in- 
fusion or decoction, but these can be bought much cheaper and better 
of chemists and druggists, and so can tinctures, confections, cerates, 
and phisters, and sjnups; but as every one is not always in the neigh- 
borliood of druggists, we shall give recipes for those most generally 
useiul. and the method of making them. 

PRECALTIOXS TO BE OBSERVED IX GITING MEDICINES— 
Sex. — .♦iedieines for females should not be so strong :>s those for males, 
iher o e, it is advisable to reduce the doses about one-third. 

Teniperameiit. — Persons of a pulegmatic temperament bear stim- 
ulants and purgatives better than those of a sanguine temperament, 
theretoie the latter require smaller doses. 

UabitSf — Purgatives never act so well upon persons accustomed 
to take them as upon those who are not, therefore it is better to change 
the form of purgative from pill to potion, powder to draught, or aro- 
matic to saline. Purgatives should never be given when there is an 
irritable state of the bovvels. 

Stimulants and Narcotics never act so quickly upon persons 
accustomed to use spirits freely as upon those who live abstemiously. 

Climate. — The actions of medicines is modified by climate and 
seasons. In summer, certain medicines act more powerfully than in 
winter, and the same person cannot bear the dose in July that he could 
in December. 

General Health. — Persons whose general health is good, bear 
stronger doses than the debilitated and tliose who have sufiered for a 
long time. 

Idiosyncrasy. — Walker's Dictionary will inform you that "idio- 
syncrasy " means a peculiar temperament or disposition not common to 
people generally. For example, some persons cannot take calomel in 
the smallest dose without being salivated, or rhubarb without having 
convulsions; otheis cannot take squills, opium, senna, etc., and this 
peculiarity is called the patient's idiosyncrasy, therefore, it is wrong 
to inaiat upon their taking these medicines. 

Forms Best Suited Ibr Administration. — Fluids act quicker than 
solids, and powders sooner than pills. 

Best Method of Preventing: the Nauseons Taste of Medicines.— 
Castor oil nuiy be taken in milk, cottee, or spirits, such as brandy; but 
the best method of covering the nauseous flavor is to put a table->poon 
of strained orange juice in a wine glass, pour the castor oil into the 
center of the juice, and then squeeze a few drops of the lemon juice 
upon the top of the oil. Cod liver oil may be taken, like castor oil, in 
orange juice. Peppermint water almost neutralizes the nauseous taste 
of Epsom salts; a strong solution of the extract of licorice, that of aloes; 
milk thiit of cinchona bark; and cloves of senna. 

An excellent way to prevent the taste of medicines is to have 
the medicine in a glass, as usual, and a tumbler of water by the side of 
it; take the medicine, and retain it in the mouth, which should be 
kept closed, and if you then commence drinking the water, the taste of 



Appendix to Medical Department* 



375 



the medicine is washed avray. Even the bitterness of quinine and 
aloes may be prevented by this means. If the nostrils are tirraly com- 
pressed by the thumb and fint^er of the left hand, while taking a nau- 
seous draught, and so retained till the mouth has been washed out 
with water, the disagreeable taste of the medicine will be quite unper- 
ceived. 

Giving Medicines to Persons. — Medicines should be given in such 
a manner that the effect of the first dose shall not have ceased when 
the next dose is given, therefore the intervals between the doses should 
be res^ulated accordingly. 

Doses of Medicine for Diiferent Ages. — It must be plain to every 
one that children do not require such powerful medicine as adults or 
old people, and therefore it is desirable to have some fixed method of 
determining or regulating the administration of doses of medicine. 
Now we will suppose that the dose for a full-grown person is one 
drachm, then the following proportions will be suitable for the vari- 
ous ages given; keeping in view other circumstances, such as sex, 
temperament, habits, climate, state ot general healthy and idiosyncrasy. 



AGE. 



7 Weeks* 

7 Months 

Under 2 years. 
Under 3 years. 
UJider 4 years. 
Under 7 years. 
Under 14 years. 
Under 20 years. 
Above 21 years. 
Above 65 years. 



Proportion. 


Proportionate 




Dose. 




one-fifteenth 


or grains 


4 


one-twelfth 


or grams 


5 


one-eighth 


or grams 


7K 


one-sixth 


or grains 


10 


one-fourth 


or grains 


15 


one-third 


or scruple 


1 


one-half 


or drachm 


H 


two-fifths 


or scruple 


2 


the full dose 


or drachm 


1 


the inverse 


gradation 





USEFUL PRESCRIPTIONS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THOSE WHO 
PREFER THE "OLD SCHOOL " PRACTICE. 

ARRANGED UNDER THE HEADS OF APERIENTS, PURGATIVES, EXPECTORANTS 
DIAPHORETICS, ANTACIDS, AND STOMACHICS, ASTRINGENT, AND TONICS. 



There are several prescriptions given in each section, embracine mixtures, pills, 
and powders, which vvrill be found suited to almost every distinctive phase in the affec- 
tion lor which they are given : thus, under Expectorants, " Cough," medicines will be 
found to produce sedative, stimulating, or relaxing effects. 

Aperient Pills. Purgative Pills. 



(Mild, for Females.) 

No. 1. Take of— 
Compound extract of col- 

ocynth 3^ dr. 

Blue pill 1« grs. 

Extract of henbane 12 grs. 

Oi 1 of caraways 6 drops. 

Mix, and divide into twelve pills : one 
to be taken at bedtime,and another in 
tho morning, if necessary. 

No. 2. Take of— 

Pil.Rufi 2 scrs. 

Extract aloes 10 grs. 

Extract of hemlock... 15 grs. 
Oil of juniper 6 drops. 

Mix, and divide into twelve pills : one 
or two for a dose, when necessary. 

No. 3. Take of— 
Compound assafcetida 

pill , 1 scr. 

Pil. Rufi 20 grs. 

Extract of henbane. ... 1 scr. 

Mix, and divide into twelve pills : one 
or two to be taken as a dose, as re- 
quired. 

No. 4. Take of— 
Compound rhubarb pill 30 grs. 
Compound colocynth 

pill 30 grs. 

Oil of peppermint 6 drops. 

Mix, and divide into twelve pills : one 
to be taken for a dose night and morn- 
ing, as needed. 

No. 5. Take of— 
Extract of colocynth 

compound 1 scr. 

Bluepill 1 scr. 

Extract of henbane ... 1 scr. 

Mix, and divide into twelve pills : one 
or two to be taken for a dose. 



(Strong, for Men.) 

No. 1. Take of 

Powdered aloes 18 grs. 

Powdered colocynth... 15 grs. 

Calomel 18 grs. 

Scammony powder 15 grs. 

Oil of cloves 5 drops. 

Mix, and make into twelve pills : two 
or three to be taken at once, accord- 
ing to the action required. 

No. 2. Take of— 
Compound extract of 

colocyntli 2 scrs. 

Blue pill 1 scr. 

Oil of caraways 6 drops. 

Croton oil 2 drops. 

Mix, and divide into twelve pills: one, 

two, or three to be taken, according 
to circumstances. 

No. .S. Take of— 

Po wiiered aloes 24 grs. 

Powdered gamboge 12 grs. 

Powdered colocynth. . . 12 grs. 

Powdered scammony. 10 grs. 

Calomel 15 grs. 

Oil of peppermint 6 drops. 

Mix, and aivide into twelve pills : two 
to be taken at bedtime, and one in 
tne nxornlng, if necessary. 

No. 4. Take of— 
Compound colocynth 

pill 2 scrs. 

Bluepill 1 scr. 

Castile soap 12 grs. 

Mix, and divide into twelve pills: one, 
two, or three for a dose, as required. 

No. 5. Take of— 

Powdered scammony. yc dr. 

Calomel i scr. 

Extract of colocynth . . 1 scr. 

Oil of cinnamon .... 4 drops. 

Castile soap 15 grs. 

Mix, and divide into fifteen pills: two 
to be taken for a dose. These will b« 



Appendix to Medical Department. 



377 



found a safe and effectual pill in all 
cases where a strong laxative is re- 
quired. 

Expectorants. 
Cough PiUs. 

No. 1. Take of— 

Powdered squills 12 grs. 

Powdered ipecacuanha 18 grs. 

Powdered ginger 12 grs. 

Extract ol hemlock... J^ dr. 

Mix, and divide into twelve pills: one 
to be taken three times a day. 

No. 2. Take of— 
Powd'daramoniacum. 24 grs. 

Powdered squills 10 grs. 

Powdered ipecacuanha 10 grs. 
Antimonial powder... 18 grs. 
Extract of henbane. ... 1 scr. 

Mix, and divide into fifteen pills: one 
to be taken every six hours. 

No. 8. Take of— 

Powdered camphor 20 grs. 

Powdered opium 6 grs. 

Powdered squills 12 grs. 

Antimonial powder... 18 grs. 

Extractor liemlock 15 grs. 

Oil of anise-seed 6 drops. 

Mix, and divide into twelve pills : one 
to be taken night and morning, or 
three times a day. 

No. 4. Take of— 
Balsam of tola 1 dr. 

Divide into fifteen pills: one to be 
taken every four or six hours. 

No. 5, Take of— 

Powdered guaiacum... 1 scr. 

, Powd'd ammoniacum. 1 scr 

Powdered camphor 10 grs. 

Powdered opium 4 grs. 

Benzoic acid 10 grs. 

Carbonate of ammonia 12 grs. 

Mix thoroughly, and make into a 
mass witu— 



Extract of henbane. , 



1 scr. 



and divide into twenty pills : one to 
be taken every four hours when the 
cough is hard and the chest oppressed. 

Cough Mixtures. 

For asthmatic patients, and per- 
sons advanced in life. 

No. 1. Take of— 
Carbonate of ammonia ]4 dr. 

Dover's powder 2 scrs. 

Camphor water, to make 6 ozs. 

Syrup of squills }4 oz. 

Spirits of nitre 3' drs. 

Mix : a table-spoon to be taken every 
three or four hours, and when there is 



much wakefulness two table-spoons 
at bedtime. 

No. 2. Take of— 

Gum ammoniacum 1 dr. 

Peppermint water, 

enough for 6 ozs. 

Corbonate of ammonia 1 scr. 

Make an emulsion, and add — 

Friar's balsam 3 drs. 

Laudanum 1 dr. 

Mix a table-spoon whenever the cough 
is troublesome. 

No. 3. Take of— 

Vinegar of squills. 1 oz. 

Tincture of tolu 2 drs. 

Antimonial wine y^ oz. 

Mint water, to make.. 6 oz. 
Syrup of red poppy ... 3^ oz. 
Spts. of sulphuric ether 1 dr. 

Mix: a table-spoon every three or 
four hours. 

The following mixtures will suit 
any condition of cough, and may be 
taken in any case requiring medicines 
of this nature. 

No. 4. Take of— 

Almond confection. ... 2 drs. 
Warm water 4 ozs. 

Make an emulsion, and add — 

Spirits of mindererus. 1 oz. 

Syrup of tolu y^ oz. 

Wine of ipecacuanha. . 2 drs. 
. Spirits of nitre 2 drs. 

Mix: two table-spoons three times a 
day, or one spoon every three hours. 

No. 5. Take of— 

Mucilage IJ^ oz. 

Syrup of squills J^ oz. 

Syrup Ol tolu J^ oz. 

Paregoric 1 oz. 

Spirits of nitre 2 drs. 

Mint water enough to 

make a 6-ounce mixture : one table- 
spoon to be taken when the cough is 
troublesome, and two at bedtime. 

No. 6. Take of— 

Compound tragacanth 

powder 2 drs. 

Warm water 3 ozs. 

Spirits of mindererus. 6 drs. 

Syrup of tolu . . y^ oz. 

Syrup of squills 2 drs. 

Paregoric i^ oz. 

Spirits of nitre 3 drs. 

Mint water 2)^ ozs. 

Mix : two table-spoons for a dose, to 
be taken as often as necessary. 



378 



Appendix to Medical Department. 



No 7. Take of— 

Horehound leaves 1 oz. 

Licorice root J^ oz. 

Boiling water 10 ozs. 

Infuse In a sauce-pan by the fire for 
six hours, then boil for ten minutes, 
strain, and sweeten with moist suuar, 
finally add to 10 ounces of the liquid- 
Syrup of squills 2 ozs. 

and— 

Laudanum 2 drs. 

Mix, and make a 12 ounce mixture, of 
which two table-spo«ns are to be tak- 
en three times a day. 

No. 8. Take of— 

Ammoniacum 1 dr. 

Carbonate ol potass. ... 2 drs. 

Camphor water 4}^ ozs. 

Mix, and add— 

Syrup of squills 6 drs. 

Spirits of nitre ^ oz. 

Autimonial wine 3 drs. 

Mix: a table-spoon whenever the 
cough is troublesome. 

No. 9. Take of- 

Powdered nitre 2 scrs. 

Ipecacuanha powder.. 10 grs. 

Mint water 3 ozs. 

Mix, and add— 

Mucilage 1 oz. 

Syrup of tolu H oz. 

Spirits of mindererus. 13^ ozs. 
Mix: two table-spoons to be taken 3 
times a day. 

No. 10. Take of— 

Marsh mallow root, 
bruised or cut small, 1 oz. 

Horehound 1 oz. 

Licorice root — 1 oz. 

Carbonate of potass.. . 2 drs. 

Boiling water 1 pint. 

Boil slowly for two hours, strjiin, and 
sweeten witli honey or un)ist sugar, 
and take half a wine glass three or 
four times a day. 

dlaphoketic or sweating 
Medicines. 

No. 1. Take of— 

Dover's powder 10 grs. 

To be taken at bedtime in a little 
gruel. 

No. 2. Take of— 

Dover's powder 30 grs. 

Antimonial powder... 12 grs. 
Calomel 9 grs. 

Mix,and divide into six powders: one 
to be taken every four or six liours in 
a little gruel. These are serviceable 
powders to keep up a steady action on 
the skin. 



No. 3. Take of— 

Powdered nitre 1 Rcr. 

Camphor water V/^ ozs. 

Spirits ot mindererus. 12 drs, 

Anliraoniai wine 2 drs. 

Spirits of sweet nitre.. 2 drs. 
Syrup of saffron 3 dis 

Mix : the fourth part to be taken at 
bedtime, night and morning, or three 
times a day. 

No. 4. Take of— 
Carbonate of ammonia 30 grs. 

Guaicum powder 1 scr. 

Camphor water 6U ozs. 

Laudanum 1 dr. 

Syrup of saffron 3 drs. 

Mix: two table-spoons three times a 
day, or the fourili part night and 
morning. 



Antacids, for Acidity in the 
Stomach. 



No. 1. Take of— 

Caustic liquor of potass \y% drs. 

Laudanum 30 drops. 

Lime water 6 ozs. 

Mix: one table-spoon in a little water, 
to be taken every four hours. 

No. 2. Take of— 

Prepared chalk 3 drs. 

Calcined magnesia — 2 drs. 

Lime water 6 ozs. 

Caustic liquor of potass 1 dr. 

Mix : one table-spoon in a little water, 
every thi'ee hours. 

No. 3. Take of— 

Bicarbonate of potass. 1 dr. 

Bicarbonate of soda... J^ dr. 

Carbonate of ammonia 1 scr. 

Infusion of calumba. . . 6 ozs. 

Mix : two table-spoons twice a day, or 
I one spoon every tliree liours. This is 
I a good antacid and stomachic. 

No. 4. Take of— 

Gregory's powder 3 drs. 

Carbonate ot soda 1 dr. 

Mix, and divide into six powders: one 
to be taken in peppermint water two 
or three times a day. 

No. 5. Take o:— 

Dried carbonate of soda 2 scrs. 

Rliubarb powder 12 grs. 

Ginge* poM'der 12 grs. 

Soap, j^ellow enough to 

make a mass, which divide into six- 
teen pills : one to be taken before each 
meal, or two night and morning. 



Appendix to Medical Department, 



379 



Astringents, or Medicines for 
Diarrhea or Relaxation. 



No. 1. Take of— 

Prepared chalk 3 drs. 

Aromatic confection.. 2 drs. 

Miat water— to make. 6 ozs, 

Sal-volatile, spirit IJ^ drs. 

Mix: two table-spoons every three 
hours till the bowels become more 
easy. 

No, 2. Take of— 

Infusion of roses h}A ozs. 

Powdered alum 1 dr. 

Syrup of red poppy H oz. 

Mix : one or two table-spoons as often 
as required. 

No. 3. Take of— 

Decoction of oak bark, 5J4 ozs. 

Electuary of catechu 
''Terra Japonica" 3 drs. 

Tincture of bark 4 drs. 

Mix: two table-spoons every four 
hours. 

No. 4. Take of— 

Prepared chalk 2 drs. 

Powdered Rhubarb ^ dr. 

Aromaiic confection.. \% drs. 

Tincture of rhubarb ... ^ oz. 

Cinnamon water 5}4 ozs. 

Mix : two table-spoons 3 times a day. 

No. 5. Take of— 

Aromatic confection .. 1 dr. 

.Electuary of catechu.. 2 drs. 

Peppermint water— to 6 ozs. 

Tincture of catechu... y^ oz. 

Tincture of assalcjetida, 30 drops. 

Laudanum 40 drops. 

Mix :• take two table-spoons every 3 or 
4 hours. This isa very useful mixture 
when the relaxation is attended with 
pain, flatulence, and colic griping. 

No, 6. Take of— 

Tincture of kino 1 oz. 

The fourth part to be taken In a 
little sugar and water in a wine-glass 
every two hours till the diarrhea is 
subdued. This is one of the most gen- 
erally useful astringents, and one of 
the simplest, both for adult and child, 
that can be used, from ten drops to a 
tea-spoon, in a little syrup, may be 
given to a child from one to six years 
of age, repeating the dose if required . 
See article "Kino." 

Tonics. 

No. 1. Take of— 

Infusion of roses 6 ozs. 

Quinine 1 scr. 

Diluted sulphuric acid, 40 drops. 
Mix : one table-spoon to be taken 3 or 
4 times a day. 



No. 2. Take of either— 

Infusion of gentian and 

orange peel 
Infusion of calumba 

and lemon peel 
Infusion of quassia 

and cascarilla 
Infusion of oak bark 

and cloves 5^^ ozs. 

Carbonate of ammonia 1 scr. 
Bicarbonate of potass. 1 dr. 
Compound tincture of 

bark J^ oz. 

Mix : two table-spoons 3 times a day. 

No. 3. Take of— 

Hops 2 drs. 

Orange peel 2 drs. 

Boiling water 7 ozs. 

Infuse, strain, and add— 

Tincture of bark 6 drs. 

Spirits of sal-volatile... 2 drs. 

Mix: one table-spoon to be taken 
every 3 hours. 

No. 4. Take of— 
Infusion of quassia... 5^^ ozs. 

Tincture of ginger 2 drs. 

Tincture of the muriate 
of i ron 1)^ drs. 

Mix : one table-spoon in a little water 
times a day. 

No. 5. Take of— 

Calumba root 2 drs. 

Cardamom seeds,bruised 1 dr. 

Ginger root 1 dr. 

Boiling water 8 ozs. 

Infuse and strain. 

Diluted nitro-muriatic 
acid 40 drops. 

Mix : one table-spoon to be mixed 
witii three of water, and takeu every 
6 hours, 

No. 6. Take of— 

Quinine 2 scrs. 

Gingerpowder 1 scr. 

Extract of gentian, soft, enough 
to make into a mass. Divide into 20 
pills ; one to be taken 1, 2, or 3 times a 
day, according to the effect required. 



Embrocations. 



No. 1. Take of— 
Compound camphor 

liniment IV^ ozs. 

Spirits of sal-volatile.. J^ oz. 
Mix : to be used as required. 



No. 2. Take of- 



Compound 

liniment. 

Opodeldoc. 



camphor 



1 oz. 
1 oz. 



Mix. 



3So 



Appendix to Medical Department, 



No. 3. Take of— 

Opodeldoc V^oz. 

Laudanum J^oz. 

Compound camphor 
liniment J^oz. 

Mix. Either of the above forms may- 
be used as an embrocation to rub the 
throat or joints in cases of sprains, or 
when stimulating applications are re- 
quired, the last bein^ especially ser- 
viceable when there is much pain In 
the part. 

For hard and swollen breasts, the 
consequence of accumulated milk, the 
following prescription will be found 
of benefit in dispelling the tumid 
state of the glands : 

No. 4. Take of— 

Compound camphor lin- 
iment 1 oz. 

Spirits of sulphuric 
ether ^ oz. 

Mix: to be rubbed lightly over the 
breast, and then allowed to evaporate. 
This should not be used more than 
three times a day, and then merely 
spread over the part. Care must be 
taken not to use this embrocation 
near the fire, or the light of a candle 
or of gas. 

No. 5. Take of— 

Tincture of iodine 1 dr. 

Compound camphor 

liniment 9 drs 

Spirits of sal- volatile . . 2 drs. 

Mix. A good discutient embrocation 
in cases of scrofulous enlargement of 
the joints or glands. 

Liniments. 

The following applications will be 
found useful in all cases of sprains, 
chronic swellings, weakness of the 
joints or muscles, and in rheumatism 
and lumbago : 

Camphorated Oil. 

No. 6. Take of— 
Camphor, cut into small 

pieces 2 drs. 

Olive oil 2ozs. 

The oil is to be poured on the cam- 
phor in a bottle, and then placed, 
without a cork, in a moderately warm 
oven for an hour or two, till, on shak- 
ing, tlie camphor is quite dissolved ; 
or the bottle may be stood in a jug of 
hot water for the same object, that of 
dissolving the camphor. This prep- 
aration may be used alone, or in 
combination with other ingredients. 
In cases of dropsy, camphorated oil 
makes the best external application 
that can be used ; and if rubbed fre- 
quently over the dropsical part, and 
for several minutes at a time, will, by 
its action on the kidneys, rapidly re- 
duce the swelling. 



No. 7. Take of— 

Camphorated oil 2ozs. 

Turpentine J^ oz. 

Hartshorn 14 oz. 

Mix. A good liniment for rheuma- 
tism, sore throat, etc. 

No. 8. Take of— 

Camphorated oil 2 ozs. 

Opodeldoc 1 oz. 

Laudanum 1 oz. 

Oil of amber. 2 drs. 

Hartshorn 6 drs. 

Mix. A useful application for cases 
of lumbago, sprains, etc. 

No. 9. Take of— 
Mustard /^oz. 

Mix smoothly in a mortar with— 

Spirits of horseradish 2 ozs. 

Spirits of camphor J4 oz, 

Olive oil 2 ozs. 

Turpentine 1 oz. 

Hartshorn I oz. 

Shake well together till the whole is 
incorporated. A good stimulating 
liniment in cases of long-standing 
rheumatism or paralysis. This prep- 
aration must always be shaken before 
being used. 

No. 10. Take of— 

Linseed oil 2 ozs. 

Lime water 2 ozs. 

Mix by shaking together. This lini- 
ment, in color like the yolk of an egg, 
was at one time largely used in Scot- 
land as a dressing for burns, and is 
still known by the name of Carron 
Oil. 

No. 1 1. Take of— 

Olive oil 2 ozs. 

Hartshorn 1 oz. 

Shake together. This preparation, 
commonly known as hartshorn and 
oil, is chiefly used as an application 
for sore throat; when made, however, 
with camohorated oil instead of olive 
oil, the eflicacy of the liniment is very 
greatly increased. 

No. 12. Take of— 

Opodeldoc 1 oz. 

Laudanum 1 oz. 

Mix. This will be found a very ser- 
viceable liniment in neuralgia of the 
head and face, especially if rubbed 
well into the part, and a piece of pil- 
ine soaked with the liniment tied on 
over the affected nerve. 

Gakgles. 

No. 1. Astringent Gargles. Take of— 

Red sage 1 oz. 

Boiling water 10 ozs. 

Infuse lor 3 hours, strain, and add— 
Burnt alum 1 dr. 

Mix, and make a gargle. 



Appendix to Medical Department. 



381 



No. 2. Take of— 
Sage lea, made as 

above 8 ozs. 

Vinegar 2 ozs. 

Mix for a gargle. 

No. 3. Take of— 

Bruised oak bark 1 oz. 

Boiling water 11 ozs 

Infuse for 4 hours, strain, and add — 

Tincture of catecnu .... 1 oz. 

Mix for a gargle. 

No. 4. Take of— 
Pomegranate and oak 

bark, of each 6 drs. 

Boiling water 12 ozs. 

Infuse for 4 hours, strain, and add — 

Powdered alum 1)/^ drs. 

Mix, and make a gargle. 

No. 5. Take of— 

Tincture of myrrh 3^ oz. 

Tincture of rhatany. .. »4 oz. 

Tincture of kino 3^ oz. 

Camphor water 6^ ozs. 

Mix. The gargle selected should be 
used either every two or every four 
hours, or three times a day, the throat 
being gargled twice at each time and 
the process continued as long as the 
patient can support the want of 
breath. Care should be taken in all 
cases not to swallow the gargle, as it 
may act unpleasantly on the bowels. 

Stimulating Oargles. 

No. 6. Take of— 

Tincture of capsicum.. 2 drs. 

Tincture of myrrh Vi oz. 

Tincture of bark }4 oz. 

Camphor water 7 ozs. 

Mix. 

No. 7. Take of— 

Solution of chloride of 

lime „ 3dr8. 

Syrup of ginger I oz. 

Water 7ozs. 

Mix. 

No. 8. Take of— 

Infusion of roses 9 ozs. 

Syrup of roses I oz. 

Diluted sulphuric acid I dr. 

Mix. 

No. 9. Take of— 

Infusion of roses 7 ozs. 

Burnt alum 20 grs. 

Tincture of myrrh ^ oz. 

Simple syrup y^oz. 

Mix, and make a gargle. 
No. 10. Take of— 

Cayenne pepper 1 dr. 

Vinegar 1 pt. 



Macerate for three days, frequently 
shaking the bottle; carefully filter 
tlirough paper, to prevent the passage 
of any particle of pepper. Then take 
of this — 

Cayenne pepper 31^ ozs. 

Campiior water ^>| ozs. 

Tincture of myrrh V2 oz. 

Simple syrup H oz. 

Mix, and make a gargle, to be used in 
cases of malignant sore throat, in- 
creasing the quantity of the cayenne 
vinegar half an ounce every time the 
gargle is repeated. The above prep- 
aration of cayenne or capsicum vine- 
gar makes an excellent stimulating 
condiment with cold meat, useful for 
persons with weak or sluggish diges- 
tion. 

No. 11. Take of— 

Barley water 10 ozs. 

Diluted nitric acid 20 drops. 

Diluted muriatic acid. . 10 drops. 

Tincture of myrrh 14 07 . 

Simple syrup 1 oz. 

Mix. A good gargle when used with 
a little water, in cases of sloughing or 
phagedenic sore throat. 

Plain warm water, salt and water, 
vinegar and water, or water in wliich 
saltpetre or alum are dissolved, may 
be used as gargles in cases where sim- 
ple relaxing or astringent gargles are 
required. 

COLLTRIUMS, OR EtE WaTERS. 

Lotions for the eyes are principally 
of two kinds— those which relax and 
soothe, and those which stimulate 
and contract. 

Sedative Lotions for the Eyes. 

Warm water is the most universal, 
and certainly the simplest of all ap- 
plications for the eyes; care, however, 
must be taken that the temperature 
does not exceed 80° or 85°. 

Before proceeding to give prescrip- 
tions for lotions or washes for the 
eyes, it is necessary to observe here, 
that in all cases in which those deli- 
cate organs are aflfected, as little ac- 
tual contact with the part as possible 
should be carried on. Dabbing the 
eye with cloths wetted in the lotion 
or warm water is by many persons 
considered the best, indeed, the prop- 
er mode of procedure; this, however, 
is a decided mistake, and an error 
more likely to injure than benefit the 
affected organ. When fomentations 
are required, a piece of lint four or 
five times doubled to the size of the 
part should be soaked in the liquid 
ordered, and the excess of moisture 
pressed out, laid smoothly over the 
closed eye, a thin handkerchief or 
length of bandage being passed across 



382 



Appendix to Medical Department. 



the head merely to keep the dressings 
in their place ; but when the eye Is to 
be washed or bathed in the lotion pre- 
scribed, an eye-glass, a vessel made 
for the purpose, and of a proper shape, 
should always be employed. Into this 
species of egg-cup glass a portion of 
the lotioa is to be poured, till the ves- 
sel is full ; the lids of the affected eye 
are then to be separated with the 
thumb and finger of the left hand, 
aad so kept apart till the right hand 
has placed and fitted the glass of lo- 
tion to the eyebrow, the head being 
bent to meet it : the left-hand fingers 
are then to be removed, and by a gen- 
tle motion of the glass with the right 
hand, the lotion shaken over the un- 
covered globe of the ey^?. When the 
eye is ordered to be bathed every two 
or three hours, the process just de- 
scribed should be repeated two or 
three times on each occasion, fresh 
l.)tii)ii being put in the glass every 
two or three hours, or on each return 
of the prescribed time. 

No. 1. Take of— 
Three poppy heads, cut small. 

Water 10 ozs. 

Boil slowly down to 6 ounces, strain, 
and use lukewarm, either as a fomen- 
tation on lint, or as a lotion in the 
eye-glass. 
No. 2. Take of— 
Decoction of poppy heads 

as above 6 ozs. 

Sugar of lead 12 grs. 

Dissolve, and make a collyrium. 
No. 3. Take of— 

Camomile fiowers \/i oz. 

Water 10 ozs. 

Boil slowly for two hours, strain, and 
use the lukewarm liquid either as a 
fomentation or as a lotion. 
No. 4. Take of the— 
Decoction of camomile, 

as above 6 ozs. 

Sulphate of zinc 6 grs. 

Dissolve, and make an eye- water. 



No. 5. Take of— 

Laudanum 1 dr. 

Water 6ozs. 

Mix; make an eye lotion. 
No. 6. Take of— 

Extract of henbane.... 10 grs. 
Extract of hemlock ... 10 grs. 
Water 6 ozs. 

Mix, and make a soothing lotion. 
No. 7. Take of— 

Powdered opium 4 grs. 

Sugar of lead 10 grs. 

Hot water 20 ozs. 

Rub down, mix, and strain, to make 
a soothing lotion; to be used when 
nearly cold. 

Stimulating Lotions for the Eyes. 

No. 8. Take of— 

Distilled water 8 ozs. 

Spirits of wine 1 dr. 

Mix, and make a lotion. 

No. 9. Take of— 

Camphor water 6 ozs. 

Sulphate of zinc G grs. 

Dissolve. 

No. 10. Take of— 

Elder flower water 6 ozs. 

Sulphate of zinc 6 grs. 

Sugar of lead 6grs. 

Dissolve. 
No. 11. Take of— 

Distilled water 6 ozs. 

Sulphate of copper 4 grs. 

Dissolve. 

No. 12. Take of— 

Distilled water %ot». 

Lunar caustic 8 grs. 

Dissolve. 



A TABLE OF THE DOSES OF THE ARTICLES MOST FREQUENTLY 
EMPLOYED IN MEDICINE. 



Adult dose. 

Aloes powder 4 to 10 grs. 

Alum powder 10 to 20 grs. 

Ammonia, carbonate. . . 6 to 10 grs. 

Antimony powder 4 to 6 grs. 

Aromatic confection 10 to 20 grs. 

Asafoetida 2 to 5grs. 

Bark, Peruvian, powder 1 to 2 drs. 

Belladonna extract H to 1 Vj grs. 

Benzoic acid 6 to 10 grs. 

Bismuth, nitrate 5 to 10 grs. 

Calomel 4to 6 grs. 



Advlt dose. 

Calumba powder 2 to 6 grs. 

Camphor 1 to 4 grs. 

Catechu infusion 1 to 2 ozs. 

Chloroform — 3 to 10 drops 

Colchicum powder 3 to 8 grs. 

Colchicum vinegar 20 to 60 drops 

Colchicum wine 30 to 60 drops 

Colocynth extract 5 to 10 grs. 

Colocynth powder 4 to 8 grs. 

Croton oil 1 to 2 drops 

Cabebsoil 10 to 20 drops 



Appendix to Medical Department, 



383 



Adidt dose. 

Cubebs powder ^Aio 1 dr. 

Digitalis extract 1 to 5 grs- 

Dover's powder 10 grs. 

Elaterium ^ to 1 gr. 

Ergot of rye 30 to 60 grs. 

Galbanuni 4 to 10 grs. 

Gentian extract 5 to 10 grs. 

Gentian infusion 1 to 2 oz.s. 

Ginger powder 3 to 6 grs. 

Quaiacum powder 10 to 20 grs. 

Gum 2 to 3 drs. 

Henbane extract 10 to 15 grs. 

Iodine ^ to ^ grs. 

Iodide of potai<si um 3 to 10 grs. 

Ipeeacuanlia powder 1 gr. 

as an emetic, 10 grs. 

Ip'ecacuanlia wine 10 to 30 drops 

Jalap powder 10 to 15 grs. 

James's powder 4 to 6 grs. 

Kino powder StolOgrs. 

Magnesia, calcined J4 to 1 dr. 

Magnesia, carbonate 1 to 154 drs. 

Manna 2 to 4 drs. 

Mercury J4 to 1 oz. 

Morpiiia, acetate 34 ^-o 1 gr. 

Musk 5 to 10 grs. 

Oil, castor 6 to 8 drs. 

Oil, essential, of pepper- 
mint, etc 1 drop. 

Opium gam 1 to 2 grs. 

Opium powder 1 gr. 

Poppy extract 10 to 15 grs. 

Potass, bicarbonate 20 to 30 grs. 

Potass, sulphate 20 to 60 grs. 

Quassia infusion 1 to 2 ozs. 

Quinine 1 to 6grs. 

Rliubarb extract 5 to 10 grs. 

Rliubarb powder 10 to 15 grs. 

Salts, Epsom 6 to 10 drs. 

Sal ts, tasteless 1 oz. 

Sarsaparilla extract, . 1 to 2 drs. 

Sarsap irilla powder 14 to 2 drs. 

Sarsaparilla, compound 

decoction 4 to 6 ozs. 

Scammony powder 10 to 15 grs. 

Senna confection 2 to 4 drs. 

Senna infusion 2 to 3 ozs. 

Senna powder 1 to 1 14 drs. 

Soda, carbonate 20 to 60 grs. 

Squills powder 1 to 3 grs. 

Squills syrup 1 to 2 drs. 

Squills vinegar 30 to 60 drops 

Sulphur, milk of 2 to 3 drs. 

Sulphur, sublimed 2 drs. 

Tartar emetic 1 to 2 grs. 



Adult dose. 

Turpentine i4 to 4 drs. 

Tolu balsam 20 to 30 grs. 

Tolu syrup 2 to 4 drs. 

Tragacanth, compound 

powder 20 to 40 grs. 

Valerian powder 10 grs. 

Whortleberry powder... 20 to 40 grs. 

Zinc, sulphate 1 to 2 grs. 

Zinc, as an emetic 15 to 30 grs. 

For the dose of liquid preparations, 
see "'Tincture." In the above list of 
drugs, the amounts ordered are for 
adult males; as a general rule, fe* 
males require one-tourth less than 
males. For ihe exact quantities nec- 
e^ssary for children it is not easy to 
lay down any special rule, as some 
children require a much larger r ro- 
portion than others. Of calomel and 
purgative medicines, children can 
bear very large doses In proportion to 
the standard quantity for the adult; 
witli opium and tlie narcotics, the 
fact is just the reverse, all such arti- 
cles demanding great care and judg- 
ment. Ttie following taole is acted 
upon by some medical men, but we 
cannot recommend It as a certain 
guide to the exact quantity to be 
given ; to ascertain that fact, tlie 
reader Is referred either 10 the article 
in its place in the Recipe Book, or to 
the prescriptions for children's pow- 
ders. 

RUIiE. 

A child from 1 to 2 months requires 
from a fifteenth to a twenty-fourth of 
an adult dose. 

A child at 6 months requires one- 
eigliteenth of a fuil dose. 

A child Irom 9 to 12 months requires 
one-fifLeeuth of an adult or full dose. 

A child of '^ years, one-fourteenth. 

A child of 5 years, three-eighths. 

A child of 8 years, one-half. 

A boy of 12 years, five- eighths, 

A lad of 16 years, three-fourths. 

And at 20 years, seven-eighths. 

To make ilie above remarks more 
practical, if we suppose the dose of 
powdered senna for an adult of 30 
years of age to be one drachm, then 
for a person between il and U years 
ot age it would be two-thirds of a 
drachm, or 2 scruples. 

From 14 to 7 years of age, one-half, 
or half a drachm. 

From 7 to 4 years of age, one-third 
of the full dose, or one scruple. 

For a child 4 years of age, one- 
fourth, or 15 grains. 

For a child 3 years of age, one-sixth, 
or lu grains. 

For a child 2 years of age. one- 
elghih, or 8 grains ; and 

For a child 1 year old, one-twelfth, 
or 5 grains. 



ACCIDENTS kND EMERGENCIES. ■■ \\ 

BY THE PUBLISHER. 

ACCIDENTS. — Always send for a surgeon immediately an accident 
occurs, but treit as directed until he arrives. 

Ill both Scalds and Burns, the following facts cannot be too 
firmly impressed on the mind of the reader, that in either of these ac- 
cidents the first, best, and often the only remedies required, are sheets of 
wadding, fine wool, or carded cotton, and in default of these, violet 
powder, flour, magnesia, or chalk. The object for which these several 
articles are employed is the same in each instance; namely, to exclude 
the air from the injured part; for if the air can be effectually shut out 
from the raw surface, and care is taken not to expose the tender part 
till the new cuticle is formed, the cure may be safely left to nature. 
The moment a person is called to a case of scald or burn, he should 
cover the part with a sheet or a portion of a sheet of wadding, taking 
care not to break any blister that may have formed, or stay to remove 
any burnt clothes that may adhere to the surface, but as quickly as 
possible envelop every part of the injury from all access of the air, 
laying one or two more pieces of wadding on the first, so as effectually 
to guard the burn or scald from the irritation of the atmosphere; and 
if the article used is wool or cotton, the same precaution, of adding 
more material where the surface is thinlj)^ covered, must be adopted; a 
light bandage finally securing all in their places. Any of the popular 
remedies recommended below may be employed when neither wool, 
cotton, nor wadding are to be procured, it being always remembered 
that that article which will best exclude the air from a burn or scald 
is the best, quickest, and least painful mode of treatment. And in 
this respect nothing has surpassed cotton loose or attached to paper as 
in wadding. 

If the Skin is much Injured in Burns, spread some linen pretty 
thickly with chalk ointment, and lay over the part, and give the pa- 
tient some brandy and water if much exhausted; then send for a 
medical man. If not much injured, and very painful, use the same 
ointment, or apply carded cotton dipped in lime water and linseed oil. 
If you please, you may lay cloths dipped in ether over the parts, or 
cold lotions. Treat scalds in the same manner, or cover with scraped 
raw potato; but the chalk ointment is the best. In the absence of all 
these, cover the injured part with molasses, and dust over it plenty of 
flour. 

Bo^ly iu Flames. — Lay the person down on the floor of the room, 
and throw the tablecloth, rug, or other large cloth over him, and roll 
him on the floor. 

Dirt in the Eye. — Place j'our forefinger upon the cheek-bone, 
having the patient before you; then draw up the finger, and you will 
probably be able to remove the dirt; but if tiiis will not enable you to 
get at it, repeat this operation while you have a netting-needle or bod- 
kin placed over the eyelid ; this will turn it inside out, and enable you 
to remove the sand, or eyelash, etc., with the corner of a fine silk 



Accidents and Emergencies. 385 

handkerchief. As soon as the substance is removed, bathe the eye 
with cold water, and exchide tlie light for a day. If the inflammation 
is severe, take a purgative, and use a refrigerant lotiow. 

Lime in the Eye. — Syringe it well with warm vinegar and water 
(1 oz. to 8 ozs. of water) ; take a purgative, and exclude light. 

Iron or Steel Spiculae in the Eye. — These occur while turning 
iron or steel in a lathe, and are best remedied by doubling back the 
upper or lower eyelid, according to the situation of the substance, and 
with the flat edge of a silver probe, taking up the metallic particle, 
using a lotion made by dissolving six grains of sugar of lead, and the 
game of white vitriol, in six ounces of water, and bathing the eye three 
times a day till the inflammation subsides. Another plan is — Drop a 
solution of sulpliate of copper (fi-om one to three grains of the salt to 
one ounce of water) into the eye, or keep the eye open in a wineglass 
of the solution. Take a purgative, bathe with cold lotion, and ex- 
clude light to keep down inflammation. 

Dislocated Thumb. — This is frequently produced by a fall. Make 
a clove hitch, by passing two loops of cord over the thumb, placing a 
piece of rag under the cord to prevent it cutting the thumb; then pull 
in the same line as the thumb. Afterwards apply a cold lotion. 

Cuts and Wounds.— Clean cut wounds, whether deep or super- 
flcial, and likely to heal by the first intention, should never be washed 
or cleaned, but at once evenly and smoothly closed by bringing both 
edges close together, and securing them in that position by adlies;i\e 
plaster. Cut thin strips of sticking-plaster, and bring tlie parts to- 
gether; or if large and deep, cut two broad pieces, so as to look like 
the teeth of a comb, and place one on each side of the wound, which 
must be cleaned previously. These pieces mast be arranged so that 
they shall interlace one another; then, by laying hold of the pieces on 
the right side with one hand, and those on the other side with the 
other hand, and pulling them from one another, the edges of the 
wound are brought together without any difficulty. 

Ordinary Cuts are dressed by thin strips, applied b}'^ pressing 
down the plaster on one side of the wound, and keeping it there and 
pulling in the opposite direction; then suddenly depressing the hand 
when the edges of the wound are brought together. 

Contusions are best healed by laying a piece of folded lint, well 
wetted with the extract of lead, on the part, and, if there is much 
pain, placing a hot bran poultice over the dressing, repeating both, 
if necessarj^ every two hours. When the injuries are very severe, lay 
a cloth over the part, and suspend a basin over it filled with cold lotion. 
Put a piece of cotton into the basin, so that it shall allow the lotion to 
drop on the cloth, and thus keep it always wet. 

Hemorrliage, when caused by an artery being divided or torn, 
may be known by the blood issuing out of the wound in leaps or jerks, 
and being of a bright scarlet color. If a vein is injured, the blood is 
darker and flows continuously. To arrest the latter, apply pressure by 
means of a compress and bandage. To arrest arteiial bleeding, get a 
piece of wood (part of a mop Inmdle will do), and tie a piece of tape 
to one end of it; then tie a piece of tape looselj' over the arm. and 
pass the other end of the wood under it; twist the stick round and 
round until the tape compresses the arm sulficiently to arrest the 
bleediug, and then confine the other end by tying the string around 
the arm. A compress made by enfolding a penny piece in several 
folds of lint or linen should, however, be first placed under the tape 
and over the arterv. If the bleeding is very obstinate, and it occurs 
17 



386 Appendix to Medical Department. 

in the arm^ place a cork underneath the string, on the inside of the 
fleshy part, where the artery may be felt beating by any one; if in the 
leg, place a cork in the direction of a line drawn from the inner part of 
the knee towards the outer part of the groin. It is an excellent thing 
to accustom j^ourself to tind out the position of these arteries, or, in- 
deed, any that are superficial, and to explain to every person in your 
house where they are, and how to stop bleeding. If a stick cannot be 
got, take a handkerchief, make a cord bandage of it, and tie a knot in 
the middle ; the knot acts as a compress, and should be placed over the 
artery, Avhil(3 the two ends are to be tied around the thumb. Observe 
alioays to jlace tlie ligature between the wound and the heart. Putting 
your finger into a bleeding wound, and making pressure until a sur- 
geon arrives, will generally stop violent bleeding. 

Bleeding" from the Nose, from whatever cause, may generall}'^ be 
stopped by putting- a plug of lint into the nostrils; if this does not do, 
apply a cold lotion to the forehead; raise the head, and place ovef it 
both arms, so that it will rest on the hands; dip the lint plug, slightly 
moistened^ into some powdered gum arable, and plug the nostrils again; 
or dip the plug into equal parts of powdered gum arable and alum, 
and plug the nose. Or the plug may be dipped in Friar's balsam, or 
tincture of kino. Heat should be applied to the feet; and, in obstinate 
cases, the sudden shock of a cold key, or cold water poured down the 
spine, will often instantly stop the bleeding. If the bowels are con- 
fined, take a purgative. 

Violent Shocks will sometimes stun a person, and he will remain 
unconscious. Untie strings, collars, etc. ; loosen anything that is tight, 
and interferes with the breathing; raise the head; see if there is bleed- 
ing from any part; apply smelling-salts to the nose, and hot bottles to 
the feet. 

In Concussion, the surface of the body is cold and pale, and the 
pulse weak and small, the breathing slow and gentle^ and the pupil of 
the eye generally contracted or small. You can get an answer by 
speaking loud, so as to arouse the patient. Give a little brandy and 
water, keep the place quiet, apply warmth, and do not raise the head 
too high. If you tickle the feet, the patient feels it. 

In Compression of the Brain, from any cause, such as apoplexy, 
or a piece of fractured bone pressing on it, there is loss of sensation. 
If you tickle the feet of the injured person, he does not feel it. You 
cannot arouse him so as to get an answer. The pulse is slow and la- 
bored; the breathing deep, labored, and snorting ; the pupil enlarged. 
Raise the head, loosen strings or tight things, and send for a surgeon. 
If one cannot be got at once, apply mustard poultices to the feet and 
thighs, leeches to the temples, and hot water to the feet. 

Choking. — When a person has a fish bone in the throat, insert the 
forefinger, press upon the root of the tongue, so as to induce vomiting; 
if this does not do, let him swallow a large piece of potato or soft 
bread; and if these fail, give a mustard emetic. 

Fainting, Hysterics, etc. — Loosen the garments, bathe the tem- 
ples with water or eau-de-Cologne; open the window, admit plenty of 
fresh air, dash cold water on the face, apply hot bricks to the feet, and 
avoid bustle and excessive sympathy. 

Drowning. — Attend to the following essential rules : 1. Lose no 
time. 2. Handle the body gently. 3. Carry the body face downward, 
with the head gently raised, and never holdit up by the feet. 4. Send 
for medical assistance immediately, and in the meantime act as fol- 
lows : 5. Strip the body, rub it dry; then wrap it in hot blankets, 



Accidents and Emergencies. 387 

and place it in a warm bed in a wann room. 6. Cleanse away the 
froth and mucus from the nose and mouth. 7. Applj^^ warm bricks, 
bottles, bao^s of sand, etc., to the armpits, between the thighs, and to 
the soles of the feet. 8. Rub the surface of the body with the hands 
enclosed in warm dry worsted socks. 9. If possible, put the body into 
a warm bath. 10. To restore breathing, put the pipe of a common 
bellows into one nostril, carefully closing the other, and the mouth; at 
the same time drawing downward, and pushing gently backward, the 
upper part of the windpipe, to allow a more free admission of air; 
blow the bellows gently, in order to inflate the lungs, till the breast be 
raised a little; then set the mouth and nostrils free, and press gently 
on the chest; repeat this until signs of life appear. The body should 
be covered the moment it is placed on the table, except the face, and 
all the rubbing carried on under the sheet or blanket. When they can 
be obtained, a number of tiles or bricks should be made tolerably hot 
in the tire, laid in a row on the table, covered with a blanket, and the 
body placed in such a manner on them, that their heat may enter the 
spine. When the patient revives, apply smelling-salts to the nose, 
give warm wine, or brandy and water. Cautions : — 1. Never rub the 
body with salt or spirits. 2. Never roll the body on casks. 3. Con- 
tinue the remedies for twelve hours without ceasing. 

Hang'ingf. — Loosen the cord, or whatever suspended the person; 
open the temporal artery or jugular vein, or bleed from the arm; em- 
ploy electricity, if at hand, and proceed as for drowning, taking the 
additional precaution to apply eight or ten leeches to the temples. 

Apparent Death from Drunkenness. — Raise the head, loosen the 
clothes, maintain warmth of surface, and give a mustard emetic as 
soon as the person can swallow. 

Apoplexy and Fits Generally. — Raise the head ; loosen all tight 
clothes, strings, etc. ; apply cold lotions to the head, which should be 
shaved; apply leeches to the temples, bleed, and send for a surgeon. 

Suffocation from Noxious Gases, etc. — Remove to the fresh air ; 
dash cold vinegar and water in the face, neck, and breast ; keep up 
the warmth of the body; if necessary, apply mustard poultices to the 
soles of the feet and spine, and try artificial respirations as in drown- 
ing, with electricity. 

Lightning" and Sun-Stroke. — Treat the same as apoplexy. 

POISONS. — General Observations. — The abbreviations used are 
as follows: B., effects or symptoms; T., treatTnent ; A.j antidotes or 
counter poisons ; D. A., dangerous antidotes. 

A Poison is a Substance which is capable of altering or destroy- 
ing some or all of the functions necessary to life. When a person is 
in good health, and is suddenly attacked, after having taken some food 
or drink, with violent pain, cramp in the stomach, feeling of sickness 
or nausea, vomiting, convulsive twitchings, and a sense of suffocation; 
or if he be seized, under the same circumstances, with giddiness, delir- 
ium, or unusual sleepiness, then poisoning may be supposed. 

Poisons have been divided into four classes : 1. Those causing 
local symptoms. 2. Those producing spasmodic symptoms. 3. Nar- 
cotic or sleepy symptoms; and, 4. Paralytic symptoms. Poisons may 
be mineral, animal, or vegetable. 

1. Always send immediately for a medical man. 2. Save all fluids 
vomited, and articles of food, cups, glasses, etc., used by the patient 
before being taken ill, and lock them up. 3. Examine the cups, to 
guide you in your treatment; that is, smell them, and look at them. 

As a rule, give emetics^ after poisons that cause sleepiness and rav- 



388 Appendix to Medical Department. 

ing ; chalk, milk, eggs, butter, and warm water, or oil, after poisons 
that cause vomitinj»- and pain in the stomach and bowels, with purg- 
iiiii'; and wheu there is no inflammation about the throat, tickle it with 
a feather to excite vomiting. 

Arsenic — ( White arsenic ; orpimentj or yellow arsenic; realgar, red 
arsenic ; ScheeWs green, or arsenite of copper ; King^s yellow ; ague drops j 
and arsenical paste.) — E. Little or no taste. Within an hour, heat and 
pain in the stomach, followed by vomiting of green, yellow, and bloody 
matter, burning, and violent thirst; purging, and twisting about the 
navel ; pulse small, quick, and irregular, breathing labored, voice 
hoarse, speaking painful; skin cold and clammy. Sometimes there are 
cramps and convulsions, followed by death. T. Give plenty of warm 
water, new milk in large quantities, lime water, white of e^g, mixed 
with gruel or honey, gruel, linseed tea; apply leeches to the bowels, 
foment, and give starch or gruel enemas. Scrape the iron rust off any- 
thing you can get at, mix it with plenty of water, and give in large 
draughts frequently, and give an emetic of mustard or ipecacuanha. 
The chief dependence, however, must be placed on the use of the 
stomach-pump. Caution. — Never give large draughts of fluid until 
those given before have been vomited, because the stomach will not 
contract pioperly if filled with fluid, and the object is to get rid of the 
poison as speedily as possible. 

Copper — (Blue vitriol, or bluestone ; verdigris ; verditer ; verdigris 
crystals.) — E. An acid, rough, disagreeable taste in the mouth; a dry, 
parched tongue, with sense of strangling in the throat; coppery eruc- 
tations; frequent spitting; nausea; frequent desire and effort to vomit, 
or copious vomiting; severe darting pains in the stomach; griping; 
frequent purging; belly swollen and painful; skin hot, and violent 
burning thirst; breathing difficult; intense headache and giddiness, 
followed by cold sweats, cramps in the legs, convulsions, antl death. 
A. White of eggs mixed with water (twelve to one pint), to be given 
in wine-glassfuls every two minutes ; iron filings mixed with water, or 
very strong coftee, accompanied by small and repeated doses of castor 
oil. D. A. Vinegar, bark, alkalies, gall nuts. T. If there is much 
pain in the belly or stomach, apply leeches. Give large draughts of 
milk and water, to encourage vomiting. 

Mercury — ( Corrosive sublimate / calomel ; red precipitate ; vermil- 
io7i ; turbeth mineral; prussiate of mercury.) — E. Acid metallic taste; 
tightness and burning in the throat; pain in the back part of the 
mouth, stomach, and bowels; anxiety of countenance ; nausea; and 
vomiting of bloody and bilious fluids ; profuse purging, and difticulty 
of making water; pulse small, hard, and quick; skin clammy, icy 
coldness of the hands and feet ; and death in 24 or 36 hours. A. White 
of eggs mixed with water, given as above ; milk ; flour and water, 
mixed Dretty thick ; linseed tea ; and barley water. T. Give large 
draughts of warm water, if you cannot get anything else : strong 
emetic of ipecacuanha, the stomach-pump, a dose of castor oil and 
laudanum. Foment the bowels with poppy-head fomentations, and 
apply leeches if the belly is very tender. 

Antimony — (Tartar emetic; butter of; Kermes'' mineral.) — E. A 
rough metallic taste in the mouth, nausea, copious vomitings, sudden 
hiccup, purging, colicy pains, frequent and violent cramps, sense of 
choking, severe heartburn, pain at the pit of the stomach, diflicult 
breathing, wildness of speech, cramps in the legs, and death. A. De- 
coction or tincture of iralls ; strong tea ; decoction or powder of Peru- 
vian bark. D. A. White vitriol, ipecacuanha, as emetics. T. Give 



Accidents and Emergeficies. 389 

large draughts of water, or sugar and water, to promote vomiting ; ap- 
ply leeches to the throat and stomach, if painful; and give one grain 
of extract of opium dissolved in a wine-glass of sugar and water, as 
soon as the vomiting ceases, and repeat three times at intervals of a 
quarter of an hour ; and finally, one grain, in a little castor oil emul- 
sion, every six hours. 

Hm— (Butter of tin ; putty powder.)— E. Colic and purging. A. 
Milk. T. Give warm or cold water to promote vomiting, or tickle the 
throat with a feather. 

Zinc — ( White vitriol ; flowers of; chloride of.) — E. An astringent 
taste, sensation of choking, nausea, vomiting, purging, pain and burn- 
ing in the throat and stomach, difficult breathing, pallor and coldness 
of the surface, pinched face, cramps of the extremities, but, with the 
exception of the chloride, seldom death. A- For the two first give 
copious draughts of milk, and white of eggs and water, mucilage, and 
olive oil ; for the third, carbonate of soda, and warm water in fre- 
quent draughts, with the same as for the other compounds. T. Relieve 
urgent symptoms by leeching and fomentations, and after the vomiting 
giv castor oil. For the chloride, use frictions and warrnth. 

Silver — (Lunar caustic ; flowers of silver.) Gold — (Chloride of ;) 
and Bismuth — (Nitrate ; flowers of ; pearl white ;) — Are not frequently 
met with as poisons. E. Burning pain in the throat, mouth, accom- 
panied with the usual symptoms of corrosive poisons. A. For silver, 
common salt and water; for gold and bismuth, no antidotes are known. 
T. Give milk and mucilaginous fluids, and castor oil. 

Acids — (Hydrochloric, or spii'it ojt salt; nitric, or aquafortis ; sul- 
phuric, ov oil of vitriol). — Acid burning taste, acute pain in the gullet 
and throat, vomiting of bloody fluid, which effervesces when chalk is 
added to it; hiccup, tenderness of the belly, cold sweats, pinched face, 
convulsions, and death. A. Give calcined magnesia, chalk, soap and 
water. Administer frequent draughts of water to weaken the acid; 
the carbonate of soda, potass, or magnesia, to neutralize it; thick soap 
suds, made with common soap; chalk, or in default of the alkalies 
and chalk, break down the plaster of the wall or ceiling, mix in wa- 
ter, and give the sufferer. Excite vomiting, and repeat the remedies 
till all the acid is neutralized. 

Chlorine (Gas). — E. Violent coughing, tightness of the chest, 
debility, inability to stand. A. The vapor of caustic ammonia to be 
inhaled, or 10 drops of liquid ammonia to 1 oz. of water to be taken. 
T. Dash cold water over the face, and relieve urgent symptoms. 

Lead — (Sugar of ; red lead ; wine siceetened by ; and water impreg- 
nated with). — E. Sugary astringent metallic taste, tightness of the 
throat, colicy pains, violent vomiting, hiccup, convulsions, and death. 
A. Epsom or Glauber's salt; plaster of Paris; or phosphate of soda. 
T. An emetic of sulphate of zinc (24 grs. to % P^- ^^ water); leeches 
to belly; fomentations if necessary; and a castor oil mixture with 
laudanum. 

Pliosphorus. — E. Intense burning and pain in the throat and 
stomach. A. Magnesia and carbonate of soda. T. Large draughts 
of cold water, and tickle the throat with a feather. Caution. — Do not 
give oil or milk. 

Lime. — E. Burning in the throat and stomach, cramps in the belly, 
hiccup, vomiting, and paralysis of limbs. A. Vinegar or lemon juice. 
T. Thin starch water to be drank frequently. 

Alkalies — (Caustic ; potash; soda; ammonia). — E. Acrid, hot, dis- 
agreeable taste; burning in the throat, nausea, and vomiting bloody 



39*^ Appendix to Medical Department 

matter; profuse purgino^, pain in the stomach, colic, convulsions, and 
death. A. Vinegar and vegetable acids. T. Give linseed tea, milk, 
almond or olive oil, and excite vomiting. 

Baryta — ( Carbonate, pure^ and muriate). — See *'Lime." 

Hitre. — E. Heartburn, nausea, violent vomiting, purging, convul- 
sions, difficult breathing, violent pain in the bowels, kidney, and blad- 
der, with bloody urine. T. Emetics, frequent draughts of barley 
water, with castor oil and laudanum. 

Narcotic Poisons — (Baiu berries ; fools' parsley ; deadly nightshade j 
water Jiemlock ; thorn apple; opium; camphor^ etc). — E. Giddiness, 
faintness, nausea, vomiting, stupor, delirium, and death. T. Give 
emetics, large draughts of fluids, tickle the throat, apply smelling- 
salts to the nose, dash cold water over the face and chest, apply mus- 
tard poultices, and, above all, endeavor to rouse the patient by walk- 
ing between two persons; and, if possible, by electricity; and give 40 
drops of sal-volative in strong coffee every half hour. 

Vegetable Irritating Poisons— ^i/ezer^o/i ; monk's-hood ; bitter ap- 
ple ; gamboge ; white heilehore, etc.). — E. Acrid, biting, bitter taste, 
choking sensation, dryness of the throat, retching, vomiting, purging, 
pains in the stomach and bowels, breathing difficult, and death. T. 
Give emetics of camomile, mustard, or sulphate of zinc; large draughts 
of warm milk, or other bland fluids; foment and leech the belly if 
necessary, and give strong infusion of coffee. 

Oxalic Acid. — E. Vomiting and acute pain in the stomach, gen- 
eral debility, cramps, and death. A. Chalk. T. Give large draughts 
of lime water or magnesia. 

Spanish Flies. — E. Acrid taste, burning heat in the throat, stom- 
ach, and belly, bloody vomitings, colic, purging, retention of urine, 
convulsions, death. T. Large drauglits of olive oil, thin gruel, milk, 
starch enemas, linseed tea, laudanum, and camphorated water. 

Poisonous Fish — (Old-wife; sea-lobster; mussel; tunny; blower; 
rock-fish, etc.). — E. Intense pain in the stomach after swallowing the 
lish, vomiting, purging, and sometimes cramps. T. Give an emetic; 
excite vomiting by tickling the throat, and plenty of warm water. 
Follow emetics by active purgatives, particularly of castor oil and 
laudanum, or opium and calomel, and abate inflammation by the usual 
remedies. 

Bites of Reptiles — C Viper ; black viper ; Indian serpents ; rattle- 
snake). — E. Violent and quick inflammation of the part, extending 
toward the body, soon becoming livid; nausea, vomiting, convulsions, 
difficult breathing, mortiflcation, cold sweats, and death. T. Suppose 
that the wrist has been bitten : immediately tie a tape between the 
wound and the heart, scarify the parts with a penknife, razor, or lan- 
cet, and apply a cupping-glass over the bite, frequently removing it 
and bathing the wound with volatile alkali, or heat a poker and burn 
the wound well, or drop some of Sir Wm. Burnett's disinfecting fluid 
into the wound, or cauterize the bite freely with lunar caustic, but not 
till the part has been well sucked with the mouth, or frequently washed 
and cupped. The strength is to be supported by brandy, ammonia, 
ether, and opium. Give plenty of warm drinks, and cover up in bed. 

Bite of Mad Animals. — E. Hydrophobia, or a fear of fluids. T. 
Tie a string tightly over the part, cut out the bite, and cauterize the 
wound with a red-hot poker, lunar caustic, or Sir Wm. Burnett's dis- 
infecting fluid. Then apply a piece of ''spongio-piline," give a pur- 
gative, and plenty of warm drink. Whenever chloroform can be pro- 
cured, sprinkle a few drops upon a handkerchief, and apply to the 



Accidents and Emergencies. 391 

nose and mouth of the patient before cauterizing the WDund, When 
the breathing appears difficnlt, cease the application of the cliloroform. 
A plj\'sician, writing in the Times, strongly urges this course, and states 
that there is no danger, with ordinary care, in the application of the 
chloroform, while the cauterization may be more effectively per- 
formed. 

Insect Stings — (Wasp^ hee^ gnat, liornet, gadfly, scorpion). — E. 
Swelling, nausea, and fever. T. Press the barrel of a watch-key over 
the part, so as to expose the sting, which must be removed. Give 15 
drops of hartshorn or sal-volatile in half a wine-glass of camomile tea, 
and cover the part stung with a piece of lint soaked in extract of 
lead. 

Cautions for the Prevention of Accidents.— The following regu- 
lations should be engraved on the memory of all : 

As many sudden deaths come by water, particular caution is there- 
fore necessary in its vicinity. 

Stand not near a tree, or any leaden spout, iron gate, or palisade, 
in times of lightning. 

Lay loaded guns in safe places, and never imitate firing a gun in 
jest. 

Never sleep near charcoal; if drowsy at any work where charcoal 
fires are used, take tlie fresh air. 

Carefully rope trees before they are cut down, that when they fall 
they may do no injury. 

When benumbed with cold, beware of sleeping out of doors; rub 
yourself, if you have it in your power, with snow, and do not hastily 
approach the fire. 

Beware of damps. 

Air vaults, by letting them remain open some time before you 
enter, or scattering powdered lime in them. Where a lighted candle 
will not burn, animal life cannot exist ; it will be an excellent c aution, 
therefore, before entering damp and confined places, to try this simple 
experiment. 

Never leave saddle or draught horses, while in use, by themselves; 
nor go immediately behind a led horse, as he is apt to kick. 

Do not ride on footways. 

Be wary of children, whether they are up or in bed; and particu- 
larly when they are near the fire, an element with which they are very 
apt to amuse themselves. 

Leave nothing poisonous open or accessible ; and never omit to 
write the word "FoisON" in large letters upon it, wherever it may be 
placed. 

In walking the streets keep out of the line of the cellars, and 
never look one way and walk another. 

Never throw pieces of orange peel, or broken glass bottles, into 
the streets. 

Never meddle with gunpowder by candle-light. 

In trimming a lamp with naphtha, never fill it. Leave space for 
the spirit to expand with warmth. 

Never quit a room leaving the poker in the fire. 

When tlie brass rod of tiie stair carpet becomes loose, fasten it 
immediately. 

In opening efifervescing drinks, such as soda water, hold the cork 
;n your hand. 

Quit your house with care on a frosty morning. 

Have your horses' shoes roughed directly there are indications of 
frost. 



392 Appendix to Medical Department. 

Keep lucifer matches in their cases, and never let them be strewed 
about. 

Accidents in Carriagres.— It is safer, as a general rule, to keep 
your place than to jump out. Getting out of a gig over the back, 
provided you can hold on a little while, and run, is safer than spring- 
ing from the side. But it is best to keep your place, and hold fast. 
In accidents people act not so much from reason as from excitement; 
but good rules, tirmly impressed upon the mind, generally rise upper- 
most, even in the midst of fear. 

Life Belts. — An excellent and cheap life belt, for persons pro- 
ceeding to sea, bathing in dangerous places, or learning to swim, may 
be thus made: Take a yard and three-quarters of strong jean, double, 
and divide into nine compartments. Let there be a space of two inches 
after each third compartment. Fill the compartments with very fine 
cuttings of cork, which may be made by cutting up old corks, or (still 
better) purchased at the corkcutter's. Work eyelet holes at the bottom 
of each compartment, to let the water drain out. Attach a neck-band 
and waist-strings of stout boot-web, and sew them on strongly. 

Another. — Cut open an old boa, or victorine, and line it with 
fine cork-cuttings instead of wool. For ladies going to sea these are 
excellent, as they may be worn in stormy weather, without giving ap- 
pearance of alai-m in danger. They may be fastened to the body by 
ribbons or tapes, of the color of the fur. Gentlemen's waistcoats may 
be lined the same way. 

Cliarcoal Fumes. — The usual remedies for persons overcome with 
the fumes of charcoal in a close apartment are, to throw cold water on 
the head, and to bleed immediately; also apply mustard or hartshorn 
to the soles of the feet. 

Cautions in Visiting the Sick. — Do not visit the sick when you 
are fatigued, or when in a state of perspiration, or with the stomach 
empty — for in such conditions you are liable to take the infection. 
When the disease is very contagious, place yourself at the side of the 
patient which is nearest to the window. Do not enter the room early 
in the morning, before it has been aired; and when you come away, 
take some food, cliange your clothing immediately, and expose the 
latter to the air for some days. Tobacco smoke is a preventive of 
malaria. 

Children and Cutlery. — Serious accidents having occurred to 
babies through tlieir catching hold of the blades of sharp instruments, 
the following hint will be useful. If a child lay hold of a knife or 
razor, do not try to pull it away, or to force open the hand ; but, hold- 
ing the child's hand tliat is empty, otter to its other hand anj^thing nice 
or pretty, and it will immediately open the hand, and let the danger- 
ous instrument fall. 

Directing' Letters. — Itma}'^ sound like being over particular, but 
we recommend persons to make a practice of fully addressing notes, 
etc., on all occasions; when, in case of their being dropped by careless 
messengers (which is not a rare occurrence), it is evident for whom 
they are intended, without undergoing the inspection of any other 
parties bearing a similar name. 

Prevention of Fires. — The following simple suggestions are 
worthy of observation : Add one ounce of alum to tiie last water used 
to rinse children's dresses, and they will be rendered uninflammable, 
or so slightly combustible that tliey would take fire very slowly, if at 
all, and would not flame. This is a simple precaution, which may be 
adopted in families of children. Bed curtains, and linen in general, 



Accidents and Emergencies, 393 

may also "be treated in the same way. Since the occurrence of many 
lamentable deaths by tire, arisniii: partly from tlie fashion of wearing 
crinoline, the tungstate of soda has been reconunended for the purpose 
of rendering any article of female dress incombustible. A patent 
starch is also sold, with which the tungstate of soda is incorporated. 
The starch should be used whenever it can be procured ; and any 
chemist will intimate to the purchaser the manner in which tungstate 
of soda should be employed. 

Precautions in case of Fire.— The following precautions should 
be impressed upon the memory of all our readers : 

Should a tire break out, send off to the nearest engine or police 
station. 

Fill buckets with watei*, carry them as near the fire as possible, 
dip a mop into the water, and throw it in showers on the lire, until 
assistance arrives. 

If a fire is violent, wet a blanket, and throw it on the part which 
is in flames. 

Should a fire break out in the kitchen chimney, or any other, a 
blanket wetted should be nailed to the upper end of the mantlepiece, 
so as to cover the opening entirely; the fire will then go out of itself; 
for this purpose two knobs should be permanently fixed in tlie upper 
ends of the mantlepiece, on which the blankets may be hitched. 

Should the bed or window curtains be on tire, lay hold of any 
woolen garment, and beat it on the flames until extinguished. 

Avoid leaving the window or door open in the room where the fire 
has broken out, as the current of air increases the force of the fire. 

Siiould the staircase be burning, so as to cut oft' all communication, 
endeavor to esc ipe by means of a trap-door in the roof, a ladder lead- 
ing to which should always be at hand. 

Avoid hurry and confusion; no person except a fireman, friend, or 
neighbor, should be admitted. 

If a lady's dress takes fire, she should endeavor to roll herself in a 
rug, carpet, or the first woolen garment she meets with. 

It is a good precaution to have always at hand a large piece of 
baize, to throw over a female whose dress is burning, or to be wetted 
and thrown over a fire that has recently broken out. 

A solution of pearlash in ^vater, thrown upon a fire extinguishes 
it instantly. The proportion is a quarter of a pound, dissolved in some 
hot water, and then poured into a bucket of common water. 

It is recommended to householders to have two or three fire buck- 
ets and a carriage mop with a long handle near at hand ; they will be 
found essentially useful in case of fire. 

All householders, but particularly hotel, tavern, and inn-keepers, 
should exercise a wise precaution by directing that the last person up 
should perambulate the premises previous to going to rest, to ascertain 
that all fires are safe and lights extinguished. 

To Extinguish a Fire in a Chimney, — So many serious fires have 
been caused by chimneys catching fire, and not being quickly extin- 
guished, that the following method of doing this should be generally 
known. Throw some powdered brimstone on the fire in the grate, or 
ignite some on the hob, and then put a board or something in the front 
of the fire-place, to prevent the fumes descending into the room. The 
vapor of the brimstone, ascending the chimney, will then ettectually 
extinguish the soot on fire. 

To extinguish a fire in the chimney, besides any water at hand, 
I throw on it salt, or a handful of flour of sulphur, as soon as you can 



394 Appendix to Medical Department, 

obtain it; keep all the doors and windows tig'htly shut, and hold before 
the lire-phice a blanket, or some woolen article, to exclude the air. 

In Escaping from a Fire, creep or crawl alonor the room with 
5'^our face close to the ground. Children should be early taught how 
to press out a spark when it happens to reach any part of their dress, 
and also that running into the air will cause it to blaze immediately, 

Reading in Bed at night should be avoided, as, besides the 
danger of an accident, it never fails to injure the eyes. 

To Heat a Bed at a moment's notice, throw a little salt into the 
warming-pun, and suffer it to burn for a minute previous to use. 

Flowers and shrubs should be excluded from a bed-chamber. 

SWIMMINU. — Every person should endeavor to acquire the power 
of swimming. The fact that the exercise is a healthful accompani- 
ment of battling, and that lives may be saved by it, even when least ex- 
pected, is a sufficient argument for its recommendation. The art of 
swimming is, in reality, very easy. The tirst consideration is not to 
attempt to learn too hastily. That is to say, you must not expect to 
succeed in your eflbrts to swim, until you have become accustomed to 
the water, and have overcome your repugnance to the coldness and 
novelty of bathing. Every attempt will fail until you have acquired 
a certain conlidence in the water, and then the difficulty will sooa 
vanish. 

Dr. Franklin's Advice to S^vimmers.— '• The only obstacle to im- 
provement in this necessary and lite-preserviug art is fear ; and it is only by 
overcoming this timidity tiiat you can expect to become a master of the fol- 
lowing acquirements: It is very common for novices in the art ofswimming 
to maKe use of corks or bladders to assist in keeping the body above water ; 
some liave utterly condemned the use of them ; however, they may be of 
service for supporting tlie body while one is learning wliat is called the stroke, 
or that manner of drawing in and strilcing out the hands and feet that i.s 
necessary to produce progressive motion. But you will be no swimmer till 
you can place conlidence in tiie power of the water to support you : I would, 
tiierefore, advise the acquiring that confidence in the first place ; especially 
as I have known several who, b/ a little practice, necessary for that v>urpose, 
have insensibly acquired the stroke, taught, as it were, by nature. The prac- 
tice I mean is this: clioosing a place where the water deepens gradually, 
walk coolly into it till it is up to your breast; then turn round your face to 
tile shore, and throw an egg into the water between you and the shore; it 
will sink to the bottom, and be easily seen there if the water be clear. It 
must lie in the water so deep that you cannot reach to take it up but by div- 
ing for it. To encourage yourself in order to do tiiis, reflect that your progress 
will be from deep to shallow water, and that at any time you may, by bring- 
ing your legs under you, and standing on the bottom, raise your head far 
above tlie water; then plunge under it with your eyes open, which must be 
kept open on going under, as you cannot open your eyelids for the weight of 
water above you ; throwing yourself toward the egg, and endeavoring by the 
action of your hands and feet against the water to get forward, till within 
reach of it. [n this attempt you will find that the water bouys you up 
against your inclination; that it is not so easy to sink as you imagine, and 
that you caunot, but by active force, get down to the egg. Thus you feel the 
power of water to support you. and learn to conflde in that power, while 
your enrleavors toove'*corae it, and reach theegi^. teach you the manner of 
acting on the water with your feet and liands, which action is afterwards 
used in swimmiug to support your head higher above the water, or to go 
forward through it. 

"1 would the more earnestly press you to the trial of this method, be- 
cause I think I shall satisfy you that your body is lighter than water, and that 
you might float in it a long time with your mouth free for breathing, if you 
would put yourself into a proper posture, and would be still, and forbear 
struggling; yet, till you have obtained this experimental confidence in the 
water, I cannot depend upon your having the necessary presence of mind to 
recollect the posture, and the directions I gave you relating to it. The sur- 
prise may put all out ot your mind. 

" Though the legs, arms, and head of a human body, being solid parts, are 
specifically somewhat heavier than fresh water, as the trunk, particularly the 
upper part, from its hollowness, is so much lighter than water, so the 



Accidents and Emergencies. 395 

whole of the body, taken all together, Is too light to sink wholly under water, 
but some part will remain above until the luugs become filled with water, 
wliieh happens from drawing water to them instead of air, when a person, in 
the frigtit, attempts breatliing while the moutli and nostrils are under water. 

" The legs and arms are specifically lighter than salt water, and will be 
supported by it, so that a human body cannot sink in salt water, though the 
luugs were filled as above, but from the greater specific gravity of the head. 
Therefore a person throwing himself on his back in salt water, ana extend- 
ing his arms, may easily lie so as to keep his mouth and nostrils free for 
breathing; and by a slight motion of his hand, may prevent turning, if he 
should perceive any tendency to it. 

" In fresh water, if a man throws himself on his back near the surface, 
he cannot long continue in that situation, but by proper action of his hands 
on the water ; if lie uses no such action, the legs and lower part of the body 
will gradually sink till becomes into au upright position, m which he will 
continoe suspended, the liollow of his breast keeping I he head uppermost. 

" But if in this erect position the head be kept upright above the shoulders, 
as when we stand on the ground, the immersion will, by the weight of that 
part of the head that is out of the water, reach above the mouth and nostrils. 

fierhaps a little above the eyes, so that a man cannot remain long suspended 
a water with his head in that position. 

"The body continuing suspended as before, and upright, if the head be 
leaned quite back, so that the face look upward, all the back part of the head 
being under water, and its weight consequently, in a great measure, supported 
by it, the face will remain above water quite free for breathing, will rise an 
inch higher every inspiration, and sink as much every expiration, but never 
so low as that the water may come over the mouth. 

" If, therefore, a person unacquainted with swimming, and falling acci- 
dentally into the water, could have presence of mind sufficient to avoid 
struggling and plunging, and to let the body take this natural position, he 
might continue long safe from drowning, till, perhaps, help should come ; for, 
as to the clothes, their additional weight when immersed is very inconsider- 
able, the water supporting it- though, when he comes out of the water, he 
will find them very heavy indeed. 

"But I would not advise any one to depend on having this presence of mind 
on such an occasion, but learn fairly to swim, as Iwishall men were taught to 
do in their youth ; they would, on many occasions, be the safer for having 
that skill; and, on many more, the happier, as free from painful apprehen- 
sions of danger, to say nothing of the enjoyment in so delightful and whole- 
some an exercise. Soldiers particularly should, methinks, all be taught to 
swim; it might be of frequent use, either in surprising an enemy or saving 
themselves; and if I had now boys to educate, I should prefer those schools 
(other things being equal) where an opportunity was afforded for acquiring so 
advantageous an art, which, once learned, is never forgotten. 

"I know by experience, that it is a great comfort to a swimmer, who has 
a considerable distance to go, to turn himself sometimes on his back, and to 
vary, in othei respects, the means of procuring a progressive motion. 

" When he is seized with the cramps in the leg, the method of driving it 
away is to give the parts affected a sudden, vigorous, and violent shock ; 
which he may do in the air as he swims on his back. 

*• During the great heat in summer, there is no danger in bathing, how- 
ever warm we may be, in rivers which have been thoroughly warmed by the 
sun But to throw one's self into cold spring water, when the body has been 
heated by exercise in the sun, is an imprudence which may prove fatal. I 
once knew an instance of four young men who, having worked at harvest In 
the heat of the day, with a view of refreshing themselves, plunged into a 
spring of cold water; two died upon the spot, the third next morning, and the 
fourth recovered with great difficulty, A copious draught of cold water. In 
similar circumstances, is frequently attended with the effect in North 
America. 

"The exercise of swimming is one of the most healthy and agreeable in 
the world. After having swam for an hour or two in the evening one sleeps 
coolly the whole night, even during the most ardent heat of summer. Per- 
haps, the pores being cleansed, the insensible perspiration increases, and oc- 
casions this coolness. It is certain that much swimming is tiie means of 
stopping diarrhoea, and even of producing a constipation. Witli respect 
to those who do not know how to swim, or who are affected with a diarrhoea 
at a season which does not permit them to use that exercise, a warm bath, by 
cleansing and purifying the skin, is found very salutary, and often effects a 
radical cure. 1 speak from my own experience, frequently repeated, and that 
of others, to whom I have recommended this. 

" When I was a boy, I amused myself one day with flying a paper kite ; 
and approaching the banks of a lake, which was nearly a mile broad, I tied 



396 Appendix to Medical Department, 

the string to a stake, and the kite ascended to a considerable height above the 
pond, while I was swimming. In a little time, being desirous of amusing 
myself with my kite, and eujoylug at the same time the pleasure ot swim- 
ming, I returned, and loosening from the stake the string, with the little 
stick which was fastened lo it, went again into the water, where, I found that 
lying on my back, and holding the stick in my nand, I was drawn along the 
surface of tlie water in a very agreeable manner. Having then engaged an- 
other boy to carry my clothes round the pond, to a place which I pointed out 
to him on the other side, I began to cross the pond with my kite, which 
carried me quite over without the least fatigue, and with the greatest pleasure 
imaginable. I was only obliged occasionally to halt a little in my course, 
and resist its progress, when it appeared that by following too quickly, I low- 
ered the kite too much ; by doing which occasionally I made it rise again. I 
have never since that time practised this singular mode of swimming, and I 
think it not Impossible to cross, in this manner, from Dover to Calais." 

Those who prefer the aid of Belts will find it very easy and safe to 
make belts upon the plan explained; and by gradually reducing the 
floating power of the belts from day to day, they will gain confidence, 
and speedily acquire the art of swimming. 

Accidents. — They are always sudden, and most frequently occur 
when least anticipated; and when the person who suff"ers the injury is 
entirely off his guard, and the mind incapable of self-reflection, or 
unable to discover what to do or what to advise. Such accidents as 
result from fire, water, or noxious gases, will be treated of under the 
heads of " Burns and Scalds," ♦' Poisonous Exhalations," *' Drowning," 
*' Suspended Animation,"' etc. ; and only those which refer to wounds, 
or violence to the body, will be considered under this head. 

As the individual injured is seldom ever able to assist himself, 
there are certain properties which those who act the part of the Good 
Samaritan on such occasions should always be prepared to exercise, 
and without which the services rendered, however well-intentioned, may 
become more hurtful than beneficial; these are energy^ coolness and de- 
cision. 

There are accidents of daily occurrence, where many valuable 
lives are either endangered or sacrificed, from the want of the most 
ordinary prudence and reflection; and for which, had it not been for 
the alarm consequent on the suddenness of the accident, or the fright 
occasioned by the appearance of the sutt'erer, a child, in many instances, 
might have devised a remedy. Nothing so materially tends to depiive 
a looker-on of his coolness and presence of mind, as the sight of blood 
exuding in any quantity from the body; and no accident, in general, 
can be more easily relieved. The friendly assistant should never for- 
get, that every moment he delays to stop the crimson tide, while cast- 
ing about for suitable means, may be fatal to the sufferer ; whereas the 
point of his Jinger is a means always ready, when only a single vessel 
is injured, the pressure of that small member is sufiicient to suspend 
all bleeding from the artery or vein. 

In case of an accident involving insensibility or great bodily suf- 
fering, the first duty is to remove any weight or encumbrance froVn the 
body, and then lay it gently on the back, in such a position that the 
air may have free access to the sutterer, especially about the face and 
neck. All unnecesssary examination, or moving of the person, should 
be avoided till some professional gentleman arrive to take the responsi- 
bility of the case. Should a bone be broken, and the fractured ex- 
tremities protrude through the flesh, any attempt at reduction or setting 
the bone, before the arrival of the surgeon, would be highly culpable; 
if, however, there is any violent bleeding, it should be at once arrested. 
If the bleeding proceeds from the leg or arm, the seam of that part of 
the coat or trousers should be ripped up with a penknife, so as to ex- 
pose the limb without disturbing it; the point from whence the blood 



Accidents and Emergencies. 397 

issues is then to be sought, a finger immediately placed on the spot where 
the open vessel is bleeding, and a gentle pressure established, but merely 
sufficient to arrest the discharge; in the mean time, a large handker- 
chief is to be folded in its longest direction, so as to make a kind of 
broad bandage, which must then be*passed around the limb, above the 
wound, and also the fracture, and tied tightly; the finger is then to be 
removed from the wound, and if there be no further bleeding, the 
limb may be left alone till professionally attended ; but should the blood 
still flow, though in diminished quantity, the bandage must be made 
still tighter by inserting a piece of stick under the last fold, and by 
giving it a few turns, compress the artery more effectually. 

Arterial blood is always known by its bright scarlet color, and by 
its springing out in leaps or jerks; while venous blood is characterized 
by its dark purple color, and by its flowing steadily like water. The 
bleeding having been suppressed, the face may be bathed with cold 
water, and if there is great exhaustion, a small quantity of brandy and 
water administered occasionally. 

In cases of collision, where the person has been violently shaken, 
and there is no external injury, only insensibilitjT-, attended with pale 
face, livid lips, cold hands and lower extremities, the body should be 
placed in a horizontal position, the head slightly raised, and bottles of 
hot water or heated bricks applied to the feet, legs and inside of the 
thighs, and small quantities of warm brandy and water given every 
few minutes; at the same time, ammonia or smelling salts should be 
applied, but cautiously, to the nostrils. When the insensibility is at- 
tended with abrasion,' laceration, or wounds of the head, the same 
means are to be adopted, the injuries washed with a sponge and cold 
water, so as to remove all dirt that may be present. The edges of the 
cut or lacerated part are to be next brought together, and secured by 
strips of adhesive plaster, and a light bandage passed over all. 

Accidents — Precautions Against. — It would be a reflection on the 
reader's understanding, and take up too large a space in our work, to 
set down all the precautions that it behooves a person possessed of 
ordinary prudence to adopt, to guard against avoidable accidents, as 
every one knows that going too near a precipice, throwing orange-peel 
on the pavement, leaving a room with a poker in the fire, or scattering 
Inciter matches about for children to suck, or to be ignited by the tread 
of the foot, are all self-evident and objectionable, as probable causes 
of accident. Still there are some precautions that may not be so gen- 
erally apparent, but which should be equally known, and which we 
propose to generalize, firsU into those against accidents by lightning. 

Here it should be universally known, that as lightning is onl}^ a 
concentrated and powerful species of electricity, the same laws that 
governs the latter influence the former; thus water, vegetables, and 
metals, are all strong conductors of electricity, or, in otlier words, 
attract it; so also are they conductors of lightning. On this account it 
is highly dangerous to take shelter during a thunder-storm under a tree 
of an}'^ description, whatever the ancients may say to the contrary 
about the laurel. Equally objectionable is it to stand<,under a cart 
lodge, or any out-building, where lead or zinc is used for the roofing; 
for the same reason it is dangerous to run under a portico, or eaves, 
where there are drain pipes to convey the water from the roof. The banks 
of lakes, rivers, and large pools of water, should for the same rea- 
son be avoided; and an umbrella, especially if it have a metal ferule, 
is, during a thunder-storm, the most dangerous shelter of all, being 
little less than a lightning conductor. It is much safer, if overtaken by 



398 Appendix to Medical Department, 

a thunder-storm, and where no house is near in which protection can 
be obtained, to endure tlie wet, button the coat over the watch-chain, 
close the umbrella, cover the ferule v/ith mud, and having removed 
all metallic surfaces, take the middle of the road, and at a brisk walk 
boldly encounter the rain. Even in- the best built house it is necessary 
to take precautions against lightning during a storm. The window, as 
soon as the panes become wet, is dangerous, as glass then is a conduc- 
tor. The fireplace, on account of the chimney and the grate below, is 
also a situation to be avoided: so is the neighborhood of the bell 
handles and bell wires; and the doors, on account of their bright knobs. 
The safest part of a room is the centre, the fire-irons being covered 
over, and all metallic substances removed from around the space; the 
bed, when detached from the wall, and destitute of metallic rings, is, 
on account of the non-conducting property of the feathers, the safest 
part of the whole house. 

Sscond, against accidents by water. 

However meritorious may be the action, no person is justified in 
plunging into the water, to save another from drowning, unless he can 
Bwim ; and even then he should defer his efforts till partial insensi- 
bility occurs, for unless theswimmer gets behind the person, and keeps 
himself clear of the convulsive clutch, with which a drowning man 
grasps his preserver, the chances are that both may sink together. 

In bathing, unless a good swimmer, the person should never go 
out of his depth; he should at all times avoid bathing in holes, and if 
in lakes or rivers, whenever he finds the water particularly cold as it is 
near the springs, he should at once place himself beyond their reach, 
and on the first sensation of cramp, make for the shore. 

In sailing in a small boat, whether propelled by sails or oars, the 
centre of gravity is always to be kept low ; the person should never 
rise from his seat unless to land; more fatal accidents occur on the 
water from the neglect of this rule, than from any kind of casualty. 
When two or three persons suddenly rise up in a boat, it is almost cer- 
tain to be overset, and every one in it fiung into the water. With re- 
gard to skating, no ice should be ventured on till after three day's frost, 
and not then if the edge appear rotten, or can bo pierced with a walk- 
ing-stick; the person who would attempt to skate after a fall of rain, 
or when water lies on the ice, does so in open violation of the com- 
monest rules of prudence. 

Thirds against accidents from fire. 

If disturbed in the night by the alarm of fire, the person should avoid 
opening doors and windows; if he has to pass into other rooms to 
rouse and collect his family, he should close the door behind him, so as 
to prevent all draughts and strong currents of air. The best protection 
any one can have in such a situation is a blanket; with a pair of shoes 
on the feet, a person enveloped all but the eyes in a blanket, may pass 
in safety through a volume of smoke and a degree of heat that could 
not be effected in any other dress; the blanket being carefuhy held be- 
fore the mouth, enables the individual to breathe with a freedom that 
would be impossible without such a protection. If there is water in 
the room, and much flame to be passed, the blanket should be first 
wetted, i^articularly the part over the head and mouth. If all escape by 
the stairs is cut off, the sheets of the bed should be knotted together 
into a rope, and one end having been secured to the bed-post, an at- 
tem])t must be made to descend from the window by the other. In 
cases where much smoke has to be encountered, a silk handkerchief 
wetted in water should be passed double across the mouth, or thrown 



Accidents and Emergencies. 399 

over the head and fastened around the neck like a mask. As a precau- 
tion against many accidents from tire occiiring in houses, a guard should 
invariably be placed before the grate in rooms where children are al- 
lowed to play. In cooking, or tilling a lamp, if the grease of the one, 
or the oil of the other, should take tire, the flame should on no account 
be attempted to be blown out, or the face may be very seriously 
scorched; and as cold water only increases the mischief, if the tlame 
cannot be extinguished by a plate, a meat cover, or any other object at 
hand that will smother the tire, it had better be allowed to burn out, 
for as soon as the unctuous matter or spirii is consumed, the ordinary 
combustion will be easily extinguished. 

Though all that appertains to this subject will be fully entered into 
under its proper head, there is one point that cannot be too often re- 
peated, namely, that as ladies' dresses are by their texture extremely 
liable to take fire, and such accidents are unfortunately very frequent, 
when they do occur, the table-cover, the curtains from the window, the 
hearth-rug, or a coat, should be instantlj'- wrapped round the sufferer, 
who should on no account be allowed to escape, even if she has to be 
thrown on the ground, and rolled on the carpet. 

WHAT TO'^DO IN CASES OF ACCIDENT.— Professor Wilder, of 
Cornell University, gives these short rules for action in case of acci- 
dent: 

For dust in the eyes, avoid rubbing — dash water into them; re- 
move cinders, etc., with the round point of a lead pencil. 

Remove insects from the ear by tepid water; never put a hard in- 
strument into the ear. 

If an artery is cut, compress above the wound; if a vein is cut, 
compress below. 

If choked, get upon all fours, and cough. 

For light burns, dip the part in cold v/ater; if the skin is destroyed, 
cover with varnish. 

Smother lire with carpets, etc. ; water will often spread burning 
oil, and increase danger. Before passing through smoke, take a full 
breath, and then stoop low, but if carbon is suspected, walk erect. 

Suck poison wounds, unless your mouth is sore. Enlarge the 
wound, or better, cut out the part without delay. Hold the wounded 
part as long as can be borne to a hot coal, or end of a segar. 

In case of poisoning, excite vomiting by tickling- the throat, or by 
water and mustard. For acid poisons give acids; white of ^g^ is good 
in most cases; in cases of opium poisoning, give strong coffee, and 
keep moving. If in water, float on the back, with the nose and mouth 
projecting. 

For apoplexy, raise the head and body ; for fainting, lay the person 
flat. 

Bruise. — Apply molasses spread on brown paper. Or, a plaster of 
chopped parsley mixed with butter. Or, electrify the part. To pre- 
vent swelhng, ajiply a cloth five or or six times doubled, dipped in cold 
water, and redipped when it grows warm. — Wesley. 

Bruises. — Cover with linen, wet with vinegar and wormwood boil- 
ed together. Put a small bit of lard on the surface, and apply slightly 
warm. In very bad cases a leech or two will expedite the cure. 

Bruises — Embrocation For. — Pour upon 2 ozs. of carbonate of 
ammonia, (smelhng salts) as much distilled vinegar as will dissolve it; 
then add 1^ pts. of common rectified spirit, and shake the whole to- 
gether in a bottle. It is a good remedy for sprains and bruises. 

Hot Water. — In bruises, hot wat^r is most efficacious, both by 



400 Appendix to Medical Department. 

means of insertion and fomentation, in removing pain, and totally pre- 
ventino^ discoloration and stiffness. It has the same effect after a blow. 
It should be applied as quickly as possible, and as hot as it can be 
borne. Insertion in hot water will cure that troublesome and painful 
thing called a whitlow. The efficacy of hot water in preventing the ill 
effects of fatigue is too well known to require notice. 

Frost- IJites. — Keep from the fire, and rub well with snow, and 
then with cold water. 

Jiightning Stroke. — Dash cold water over the head and face, and 
apply friction to the spine with strong liniment, and mustard poultices 
to the feet. 

Chimneys on Fire. — Shut all the doors and windows; stop up the 
bottom of the chimney with a piece of water-saturated sacking, wrapping, 
etc., throwing first salt, or sulphur, upon the lire. 

BITES OF POISONOUS REPTILES.— The Treatment.— In all 
cases of bites of poisonous reptiles the first and most important duty is 
to suck the wound, cauterize or excise the bitten part, prevent the ab- 
sorption of the virus, and by proper medicines arouse the patient's mind 
to resist the depressing influence of fear, and finally dissipate the coma 
that towards the end steals so fatally over the brain. 

Sucking tlie Wound. — Unless there should be a crack in the 
tongue, a chap or abrasion of the lips or mouth, the most deadly virus, 
as we have shown, may be sucked with perfect impunity, and where 
the injury is in the hand or arm, the patient should suck the wound 
himself. When this cannot be done, however, the person who under- 
takes that duty should supply himself with a large basin and a jug of 
warm water, and, sitting on a level with the limb, grasp the p art 
firmly with both hands, one above, the other below the wound, and ap- 
plying his lips boldly and confidently over the bite, with a quick but 
effectual motion of the cheeks and tongue, suck all the blood and 
moisture from the puncture, every minute or two spitting it out into the 
basin, and, rinsing his mouth with the warm water, return to his task 
not forgetting to maintain his pressure on the limb with his two hands. 
This sucking process should be persevered in for twelve or fifteen 
minutes at least; a broad piece of tape or a garter being first passed 
once or twice round the limb an inch or two above the wound, between 
it and the heart and then firmly tied. 

Cauterization and Excision. — When no person can be found with 
suflBcient resolution to suck the wound, a bandage or garter should be 
instanly tied round the limb above the wound, and if cupping-glasses 
are at hand, or those artificial means can be obtained recommended 
under " Cupping" which see, they should be applied at once, washing 
the part in warm water hastily before applying the glasses. These are 
to be removed every three or four minutes, the part again washed with 
clean water and a sponge, and again applied for at least half an hour. 
When, however, no such appliances can be obtained, the absorption 
having been arrested by the bandage, the wound is to be well and 
repeatedly washed with warm water, the fingers being used to force out 
all moisture or particles of blood from the bite, and the punctures 
freely cauterized with the nitrate of silver, which should be scraped to a 
point, and then forced into the apertures made by the reptile's fangs. 
If, however, the punctures are deep and narrow, a sharp penknife or 
bistoury should be used to enlarge them, so the bottom of the wound 
may be reached, and the place freely cauterized. When the wound is 
large and deep, the state of the reptile to be feared, and the pain and 
anxiety are very great, the part injured must without any hesitation 



Accidents and Emergencies. 401 

be cut out, the wound washed, and the raw surface on every side 
liberally rubbed with the caustic, warm fomentations applied over all, 
and tiie ligature or bandage round the limb continued. 

To Rouse the Patientby Proper Medicines.— To effect this result, 
repeated doses of stimulants and anti-spasmodics are to be given, and 
the patient kept constantly movino-,and occasionally subjected to sud- 
den aspersions of cold water. The following draughts may be given 
every ten minutes or quarter of an hour. 

Take of brandy, 2 drs.; spirits of sal volatile, 40 drops; tincture of 
valerian, % dr.; sulphuric ether. 15 drops, camphor water, 1 oz. 

The Indian surgeons are iii the habit of giving the following 
draught, and repeating it as often as necessary. 

Take of Fowler's solution of arsenic, 30 drops; laudanum, 10 drops; 
peppermint water 1 oz. ; lime juice, ^ oz. Mix; to be taken directly, 
and repeatedly every half-hour till the symptoms abate; at the same 
time, they employ injections of gruel, castor oil, and turpentine, till 
the bowels operate. In severe cases, there is no reason why such 
remedies should not be applied in this country. 

Should neither cupping-glasses nor lunar caustic be obtainable, 
the part must be burnt with red-hot skewers or the point of a poker, 
and the wound dressed with water only, or the caustic (potassafusa), 
strong ammonia, or strong acetic acid; or, in default of any of these, 
quicklime may be sprinkled into the apertures. The importance of 
compelling the patient to walk about, supported by two strong men, 
must not be lost sight of, or the necessity of occasionally dashing cold 
water over his head and chest forgot to be practised, as on the judicious 
employment of both, the hope of rousing him from the coma entirely 
depends. Electricity is an agent that may be employed with benefit. 
DISLOCATION.— A displacement of a part; the term, however, is con- 
flned to the separation of the bones entering into the formation of a joint, 
from tlieir natural situation and arrangement, and thereby rendering the 
articulationforthe time-being useless. ^. .^ ^ . ^ 

Dislocation, or luxation, as it is surgically termed, is divided into com- 
plete and incomplete: complete, whea the displacement is perfect, or when 
the head of one bone is completely drawn out of the socket in the other, or 
when the articulation has been thoroughly disunited ; incomplete, when the 
joint has only been started, and the bones are merely sundered, but not abso- 
lutely separated. , . .. ^. J. 1 

Dislocations are characterized accordint; to their situations— as a disloca- 
tion wpwa^-rf, 6ac;fcw;a/'d, /orwarrf, and downward; and are yet further distin- 
guished into simple and compound. A simple dislocation is when no injury 
is inflicted on the skin or muscles. A compound dislocation, when the la- 
teguments and flesh are ruptured. 

DislocatiiHis are accidents of very frequent occurrence, and may happen 
to almost every bone in the body, and are usually eflected by sudden falls or 
severe blows. It sometimes happens that dislocations are accompanied with 
a fracture of the same bone, when, if tiie fracture is near the head of the bone, 
it is generally impossible to reduce the dislocation till the fracture has been 
first reunited. , , ^,. 

Symptoms,— All dislocations are characterized by the same symptoms; 
these are, pain and immobility of the member, with shortening of the limb, 
accompanied with great pain if moved ; a depression in one place, and an 
enlargement or swelling in another; a turning in or out of Mie foot or hand, 
according as to whether it is the leg or arm that is displaced. When the in- 
jury occurs to the hip joint, the knee is drawn up and pressed on the thigh of 
the sound leg, while if it is the shoulder joint, the patient invariably grasps 
the injured member by the elbow with the opposite hand. It should be al- 
ways remembered, that when elderly people meet with heavy falls or blows, 
the chances are, from the greater bnttleness of their bones, that they have 
sustaiued a fracture, and not a dislocation. „ , ^, ,. ,, , , ^ 

Dislocations occur most frequently in what are called the ball and socket 
Joints, and next in the hinge, or Q'ing'iymifs articulation. . ,. , 

Dislocation of tlie Sliouider.— When the bone of the arm is displaced, 
it is either outwardly, inwardly, behind, or below : in whatever aspect it may 



402 



Appendix to Medical Department, 




APPEARANCE OF A DISLOCATED 
SHOULDKK. 



be, however, an apparent, cavity will be noticed where the fullness of the 
joint should t.e, and a corresponding; projection observed in an opposite direc- 
tion, unless the head of the bone has been 
pressed Into the arm-pit. or behind, under 
the shoulder-blade. The annexed cut 
shows an outward dislocation of the liead 
of the shoulder. 

The most painful of these four forms 
Is the downward dislocation, for then the 
bone presses on the whole congeries of 
nerves and arteries, on their way lo sup- 
ply the arm with sensation and vitality. 
In the majority of cases, the extension, as 
the process of pulling the bone into its 
place is called, should be made in a direc- 
tion nearly opposite to the position of the 
head of the bone. 

There are several methods adopted for 
the reduction of this accident, but the 
two following will almost always be found 
successful. The patient is to be placed on 
his back on a mattress, or the squab of a 
sofa, laid on the floor, his head supported 
by a pillow In the manner shown in the 
following cut. A damp towel is then to 
be folded smoothly around the arm above 
the elbow. Upon this the operator ties a 
strong handkerchief, or making a hitch knot with a jack towel over it, 
throws the remainder over his shoulders, and having removed his rightboot, 
takes his seat on the mattress, and placing the heel of his foot in the patient's 
arm-pit, either grasps the iiandkerchief and with botii liands pulls with a 

slow, steady strain uf)on the arm he 
has previously bent in the manner 
shown, or, if the jack towel i.s used, 
lie makes the extension or stretcli by 
means of Ills shoulders, while he holds 
the arm in his hands, the heel in both 
cases making the counterpoise. Hav- 
ing, by a steady extension, gradually 
drawn out the head of tlie bone, and 
brought it in front of the cavity 
in the shoulder-blade, the slightest 
bend of his shoulders, or relaxation 
of the handkerchief, causes the 
stretched muscles suddenly to con- 
tract and draw the bone into the 
socket with an audible crack In fe- 
male cases, and younger persons, or 
those of delicate constitutions, the 
following plan will generally be found 
sufficient: The patient being seated 
ill a higli-backed chair, an assistant 
standing on the uninjured side, places 
his left hand under and across the 
arm-pit, while with his right hand 
spread on tlie top of the shoulder, he 
grasps and keeps firmly in its place 
the slioulder-blade, and in this man- 
ner makes the counterpoise or exten- 
sion. The operator then grasps the 
bent arm above the elbow, and stead- 
ily pulls the limb till he disengages 
the head, when, either moving it a 
little Inward or outward, according as the dislocation has been In an outward 
or Inward direction, and at tlie same time sligtuly relaxing his extension, 
the head, as in the other case, will glide with a crack Into Its place. Much in 
this operation depends on the firmness with which the assistant keeps the 
shoulder-blade In Its place, for if that is not done the operator will, of neces- 
sity, pull botn arm and shoulder, and be no nearer the end for which he 
manipulates. 

As soon as the arm is reduced, a sling must be made with a handkerchief, 
and the folded arm carried In It for not less than a fortnight, to allow the 
muscles and tendons to recover their tone. 




REDUCING A DISLOCATED SHOUL- 
DER. 



Accidents and Emergencies, 403 



If the reduction has been attended with much pain, and there is any 
swelling or tenderness of the joint, it will be well to foment the shoulder 
with warm bran poultices. 

Ball and Socket Joints.— Under this head we shall embrace the 
shoulder-bone, finders, hip, toes, the lower jaw, aud collar-bone. 

The ^/•(^a<me9^Mn all cases of dislocation is so nearly alike, that it may 
safely be generalized, except in a few instances, which will be specified in 
their proper place. 

The tirst general rule to be remembered is, that all dislocations should be 
reduced as quickly as possible of ter they occur, as what with the internal lacera- 
tion of ligaments, capsules, and tendons, and the pressure established on the 
vessels by the displaced head of the bone, severe swelling almost immedi- 
ately takes place, which every hour augmenting, not only adds greatly to the 
suflFering of the patient, but materially increases the difficulty of the reduc- 
tion when it is performed. 

In long-standing cases, or where some time has passed since the disloca- 
tion, the muscles become so resistant that even the power of the pulley fails 
to overcome their opposition. In such cases, it is found necessary to bleed 
the patient in an upright position, and by a large opening, so as to produce 
sudden sickness or fainting, and so relax the muscular tension, and enable 
the reduction to be eflected. When bleeding is inadmissible, a nauseating 
dose of tartar emetic or ipecacuanha must be given to produce the same 
relaxing eflect; or where these means cannot be carried out, an injection of 
tobacco must be employed instead, and immediate advantage taken of the 
consequent languor to reduce the dislocation. 

Dislocation of tlie Wrist and Fingers. — The wrist is either dislo- 
cated upward or downward. Ttie mode ot reducing such an accident is for 
one person to grasp the arm with both hands, while the surgeon, making ex- 
tension withtiie hand, uses either his thumbs or fingers to depress or elevate 
the wrist at the proper moment. A bandage is then to be passed partly over 
the hand and wrist, to support the joint, which will require some time to re- 
cover its usual strength. 

The fingers and thumbs are, in general, easily reduced by a little extension. 
When, however, the muscles are strong, it may be necessary to take a piece 
of firm tape, on which a clove hitch having been made, is drawn tight on the 
next joint, and while one person holds the hand, tlie other makes extension 
by the tape, till the reduction is eflected. 

Dislocation of tlie Hip Joint, or Thigli.— Of all the dislocations to 
whicli the body is liable, this is unquestionably the most serious in its conse- 
quences, and at the same time the most difficult to reduce. The ligaments 
placed by nature around it for a protection ar^^ so numerous, the muscles of 
the hip so short and strong, that, all combined, the difficulty experienced in 
overcoming the natural resistance of so many powerful levers makes the re- 
duction of this accident a taslc of extreme difficulty. 

FortunateLy, the strong guards placed around this articulation protect it, 
in a great measure, from accidents; still, the cases of such a dislocation are 
by no means rare, and may occur at all ages and among either sex, though 
those who most frequently suffer from sucli a misfortune are the young and 
the old. Among children and infants, unfortunately, it ismore frequent than 
is generally supposed. Rough or careless nursem^aids 
not unfrequently drop tlie children entrusted to them, 
or allow them to fall, and. not seeing any immediate 
injury, keep the fact from the mother, who, perhaps, 
onl.y weeks after, discovers something amiss in her 
child by its crying when washed, or by its incapacity 
to walk, but, ignorant of the cause, trusts to rest or 
time to effect a cure, till, too late, she discovers her 
child to be a cripple, and permanently deformed by a 
shortened leg. 

The falling over a piece of timber, or a very trifling 
obstruction. Is sutflcient to lead, either in childhood or 
age, to this misfortune. Old people are liable to this 
accident from the relaxed state of the tendons and 
muscles, only It is very often complicated, in their case, 
with fracture of the neck of the thigh bone, making, in 
many instances, a hopeless accident. The symptoms, 
as already stated, are a shortening of the limb, with the 

knee standing forward, turned outward, or resting on aprnpTjrxrTvn r.ir ttttt 
the opposite thigh, and the toes either touching the t Wi tw i.t«tLa 
ground, or pressing on the instep of the other foot. T^n htp 

Being a ball and socket joint, the first idea would xt-ij Jiii*. 

be that this dislocation might be reduced as easily as that of the shoulder, by 
making a fulcrum of the heel. But, setting aside sex, the extreme delicacy 




404 



Appendix to Medical Department 



of the parts renders, except in the case of youths, such a mode seldom admis- 
sible. In such cases as have been mentioned, however, tlie method often 
succeeds. The mode of procedure is as follows : Tlie patient being placed on 
his baclc upon a mattress, a slieet passed in a broad fold between tiie legs and 
carried obliquely below and above tbe body, is fastened near the head, either 
to the foot of a large bed. a staple, or some other linn purchase. A towel is 
then passed around the thigh above the knee, over which a jack-towel is then 
passed with a clove hitch. This the surgeon extends by throwing the other 
end over his shoulders, first placing his heel iu the groin, and grasping the 
limb, guides it with his hand as he makes extension, till it springs into the 
socket. In strong and adult persons, however, this plan seldom succeeds, 
and the pulley must be resorted to. Wlien this is the case, it is customary to 
pass another folded sheet from the opposite side across the body, and make 
its ends secure like the former, so as to keep the patient pei'fectly fixed. To 
the jack-towel attached to the knee, the line from a double block pulley is 
then fastened, the pulley being made fast to some resisting object, or astaple, 
on a line with the floor. The surgeon now takes his place by his patient, and 
grasps the thigh to guide it, as an assistant, or two if necessary, with slow 
and steady pulling extend the limb, till the surgeon, having brought the head 
to its natural position, gives the word for a trifling yield, when, if rightly 
placed, the bone with a loud report sinks into its socket. It is in the reduc- 
tion of such dislocations as these, occurring in strong muscular men, when 
no amount of straining can overcome the resistance of the muscles, that the 
bleeding, tartar emetic, and such relaxing means, already mentioned, must 
be adopted before the patient is unbound or left. 

After so severe an acci<Jent, it will be necessary to enjoin some days' total 
rest before exerting the limb by the slightest exercise. • 

Dislocation of tlie Ankle and Toes.— The accident to the foot, like 
that to the hand, is either backward or forward. As in that case, the leg must 
be firmly held by one, while another extends the foot in a line with the leg 
till the proper moment arrives, when the foot is to be pushed up or back to 
meet the bones of the leg. A bandage, as in the case of the wiist, must be 
placed around to support this injury. It not unfrequently occui-s with dislo- 
cation of the foot, that there is a fracture of the upper portion of the fibula, 
or small bone of the leg. In such a case, the fracture must be attended to 
after the redaction of the joint. The displacement of the toes must be treated 
in the same manner as that of the fingers. 

Dislocation of the Javr. — This is a very alarming accident to see, but 
by no Tneans difficult to cure; for as the person finds himself in a moment 
with an inimovnlilH jaw. and incapable of speech, with a mouth wide open, 
he can only by inoiions indicate what has happened. This accident is most 

frequently caused by a fit of gaping, 
though a blow on the side of the face 
when the mouth is open, or a fall, have 
caused it. The treatment consists in 
seating the individual in a chair, when 
the surgeon having enveloped both his 
thumbs in stripsof lint, places a thumb 
on the back of the i jwer jaw, one on 
each side, and wliile his fingers grasp the 
chin, he presses firmly downward on the 
teeth as he brings the jaw a little for- 
ward and upward with his fingers, till 
the heads spring into their sockets. So 
rapidly and so forcibly does the jaw close, 
that unless he has well protected his 
tliumbs, the operator may expect a very 
severe bite. 

The collar-bone, and also the ribs, 
are sometimes dislocated, but as both 
are much more frequently fractured, 
and nearly the same treatment is adopt- 
ed 111 both cases, we shall defer a descrip- 
tion of such accidents till we come to 
" Fractures." 

'A'lte Dislocation of Hinge-like 
J'oints. — Foremost among this order of 
articulations is the elbow joint, and next 
in importance that of the knee; and 
though these are sometimes by a violent 
force dislocated, fortunately they are so 
powerfully bound around and protected 
by ligaments, that such accidents are 
very rare, and only from a vei-y high fall on the feet, by a railway collision, 




REDUCING A DISLOCATKD JAW. 



Accidents a7id Emergencies. 405 

or a restive horse dashing its riaer against a -wall, or some other extremely 
forcible injury, can a dislocation of such firmlj'-locked articulations be 
effected. 

The previous advice given in respect of tlie treatment of dislocations 
generally siiould be borne in mind in tlie accidents we are about to refer to 
with even more than ordinary attention. When once satisfied of tlie nature 
of the injury, not an unnecessary moment should be lost before proceeding 
to tlie reduction of the mischief, as every minute's delay not only adds 
greatly to the suffering of the patient, but by tlie rapid swelling that succeeds 
complicates the treatment. 

Dislocation ot tlie l':ibow. — As three bones enter into the formation 
of this joint, it admits of several varieties of luxation, botii baclcward and 
forward— that is, the joint of the forearm may be forced beliind the bone of 
ttie arm, or it may be driven up in front of it; again, the two bones of the 
forearm may be dislocated from each otlier in several ways. The two most 
general forms, however, are the backward and forward dislocation. 

There are three modes of effecting the reduction of such accidents, which 
we give in their proper order. 

1st. The following treatment will generally succeed with youths and 
children; The patient is to be placed in a chair, and while one assistant 
grasps the arm, and by counter-extension keeps the limb stationary, another, 
taking the forearm by the wrist, gradually extends the limb, as the surgeon, 
seated by the patient, grasps the member above or below the elbow, and by 
means of a steady pressure of either his thumbs or fingers backward or for- 
ward, as the nature of the accident may demand, forces the bones into their 
proper place When the muscular power resists such force, a sheet must be 
passed across the patient's chest and made fast to the wall ; a towel is then to 
be wrapped around the wrist, and the line of a pulley attached to the hitch 
on the towel, and while the assistant at the arm and the surgeon at the el- 
bow, as in the former case, repeat their efforts, the other assistant, by means 
of the longer lever of the pulley, makes a gradual and steady extension. 

I'd. The patient and surgeon being seated on separate chairs, the latter 
takes the limb in his hands, and, steadying his knee on the style of his chair, 
places the hollow of the arm, or the side of it, against the point of his knee, 
and, bending round the arm, endeavors to force the bones back to their nat- 
ural position, the knee-cap of the operator acting as &. fuici^um^ and often 
effecting what a direct strain on the muscles could not perform— a reduction. 

3d. This method is only a modification of the second, and consists in 
seating the patient on the foot of a bed, and, making a fulcrum of the bed- 
post, bending the dislocated limb upon it; the surgeon using his hands, as aa 
assistant bends the arm, to aid the action by the pressure of his fingers. 

Some surgeons have succeeded in reducing the injury by using the round 
arm of tin easy-chair instead of the knee or bed-post. 

Great care must be taken after the reduction, not only in keeping the arm 
in a sling for some weeks, but in applj'ing warm fomentations around the 
joint, or lotions of sugar of lead and vinegar, made warm, to reduce the in- 
flammatory action which is sure to supervene. 

Dislocation of the Knee Joint and Knee Cap.— Like the elbow, 
the knee may also be displaced backward and forward, and also inwardly and 
outwardly, as well as having the bones of the leg themselves separated 'from 
each other. Considerable Jorce is olten necessary to reduce a luxation of the 
knee joint, and overcome the muscular resistance; but in consequence of the 
large articulating surfaces of this joint, the bones, when once brought down, 
glide easily into their places. 

Themodeof treatment is much the same as that already described. A 
firm counter-extension, by means of a sheet, must be made by the thign, and 
extension then establislied from the leg, which must be kept partially bent 
during the operation; a towel, secured in the ordinary manner by a ulove 
hitch knot, is in the first instance to be adopted for making the extension; the 
surgeon keeping his place by the knee, to assist, with hands and fingers, the 
operation, when greater power is required, the towel must be joined to the 
puUej', and extension again made till the reduction is effected. 

The Knek Cap, or Patella, is very liable to be displaced, either outward. 
Inward, or upward. When this little flat bone is forcibly driven from its 
place, it is generally pushed over the protuberances of the bones, when it lies 
as it were in a hollow, from which it requires some art to extricate it. This 
is generally effected by pressing suddenly on the edge of the bone farthest 
from the joint, by which means the other end is canted up over the bony en- 
largement, when the contractile power of the muscles at once draws it into 
its place over the joint. When this cannot be effected, the leg of the patient 
who has been placed on his back, is to be raised and bent as far as possible 
toward his face. It is then to be suddenly flexed or bent back on the thigh 
till the heel touches the hip. The surgeon, as he does so, with one hand 



4o6 Appendix to Medical Department. 

f)res8es. as before explained, on the rim of the bone, and quickly opening the 
eg again, ilie patella glides into its proper situation. 

Tlie after treatment in both of these dislocations requires rest, "warm ap- 
plications to soothe the joint, if necessary, and evaporatiug lotions if there 
is mucli inflammation or tieat in the part, and a bandage or elastic Icnee-cap 
support to the limb, which sliould be worn for some mouths. 

EMERGENCIES— Recovery of Persons apparently Drowned, or 
Dead, — Lose no time. Avoid all rough usage. Never hold the body 
up by the feet. Nor roll the body on casks. Nor rub the body with 
salt and spirits. Nor inject tobacco smoke, or infusion of tobacco. 

Restorative Means, if apparently Drowned.— Send quickly for 
medical assistance; but do not delay the following means: 

Convey the body carefully, with the head and shoulders sup- 
ported in a raised condition to the nearest house. 

Strip the body and rub it dry; then wrap it in hot blankets, and 
place it in a warm bed in a warm chamber. 

Wipe and clean the mouth and nostrils. 

In order to restore the natural warmth of the body: 

Move a heated covered warming pan over the back and spine. Put 
bladders, or bottles of hot water, or heated bricks, to the pit of the 
stomach, the armpits, between the thighs, and to the soles of the feet. 
Foment the body with hot flannels; but, if possible, immerse the body 
in a warm bath as hot as the hand can bear without pain. Rub the 
body briskly with the hand; but do not suspend the use of the other 
means at the same time. 

To restore breathing, introduce the pipe of a common bellows, 
into one nostril, carefully closing the other and the mouth ; at the 
same time drawing downwards, and pushing gently backwards, the 
upper part of the wind-pipe, to allow the free admission of air; blow 
the bellows gently, in order to inflate the lungs, till the breast be a 
little raised: the mouth and nostrils should then be set free, and a 
moderate pressure made with the hand upon the chest. Repeat this 
process till life appears. 

Electricity to be employed early by a medical assistant. 

Inject into the stomach, by means of an elastic tube and syringe, 
half a pint of warm brandy, or wine and water. 

Apply sal-volatile to the nostrils. 

If appareutly Dead from Intense Cold. — Rub the body with ice, 
snow, or cold water. Restore warmth by slow degrees; and, after 
some time, if necessary, employ the means recommended for the ap- 
parently drowned. It is higJdy dangerous to apply heat too early. 

If apparently Dead from Hanging. — In addition to the means 
recommended for the apparently drowned, bleeding should early be 
employed by a medical assistant. 

If apparently Dead from Noxious Vapors, Lightning, etc.— 
Remove the body into a cold fresh air. Dash cold water on the neck, 
face, and breast frequently. If the body be cold, apply warmth, as 
recommended for the apparently drowned. Use the means for inflat- 
ing the lungs as directed above. Let electricity (particularly in acci- 
dents from lightning) be early employed by a medical assistant. 

If apparently Dead from Intoxication. — Lay the body on a bed, 
with the head raised ; remove the neckcloth and loosen the clothes. 
Obtain instantly medical assistance, in the meantime apply cloths 
soaked in cold water to the head, and bottles of hot water, or hot bricks, 
to the calves of the legs and to the feet. 

General Observations. — On restoration to life, a tea-spoon of 
warm water should be given ; and then, if the power of swallowing be 
returned, small quantities of weak brandy and water, warm; the 



Accidents and Emergencies, 407 

patient should be kept in bed, and a disposition to sleep encouraged, 
except in cases of apoplexy and intoxication. Great care is requisite 
to maintain tlie restored vital actions, and to prevent undue excitement. 
The treatment is to be presevered in for three or four hours. It is an 
erroneous opinion that persons are irrecoverable because life does not 
soon make its appearance. 

POISONS — Antidotes to, — The treatment of cases of poisoning 
must vary with the nature of the poison, tlie quantity taken, and the 
peculiarities of the individual. In almost all cases, copious vomiting 
should be excited as soon as possible by tickling the throat, and by 
emetics, such especially as sulphate of zinc, or ipecacuanha with emetic 
tartar; the former, however, in ten-grain doses dissolved in a little 
"warm water, and repeated every ten or fifteen minutes till it freely 
operate?, is generally most effectual. The use of the stomach-pump 
should also be resorted to. The vomiting should be kept up, and the 
stomach washed out with bland albuminous or mucilaginous fluids, 
such as milk, flour and water, or thin paste, etc. ; sometimes sugar and 
water. 

The following is a short summary of the antidotes resorted to in 
reference to particular poisons. They should, of course be administered 
as speed il)' as possible. 

Emetic in Cases of Poison.— Two table-spoons of made mustard 
in a pint of warm water; if taken immediately, this is a certain remedy, 
instantlj^ producing violent vomiting. Also administer large draughts 
of warm milk or water, mixed with oil, melted butter, or lard. 

Arsenic. — Lime water, chalk and water, and the hydrated sesqui- 
oxide of iron, have each been strongly recommended; the last is de- 
cidedly the best. 

For Mineral Acids, or Acetic and Oxalic Acids. — For this form 
of poison, give quickly large draughts of chalk, whiting, magnesia, soap 
and water, about as thick as cream; followed by albuminous diluents, 
such as milk, and white of egg mixed with water. Or, if these cannot 
be procurred at once, warm water; and promote vomiting by tickling 
the throat. 

Alkalies, Soda, Potash, Ammonia, etc. — Vinegar, or any mild 
acid and water, or even very dilute mineral acids, such as water acid- 
ulated by them; olive oil, almond oil. 

Corrosive Sublimate. — White of egg and water; milk and cream ; 
decoction of cinchona; infusion of galls. 

Sulphate of Copper and other Poisons. — Sugar and water; 
white of egg and water. 

Antimonial Poisons. — Warm milk, gruel, and barley water; in- 
fusion of galls; decoction of cinchona. 

Nitrate of Silver. — Copious draughts of warm salt and water. 

Sulphate of Zinc. — Solution of caibonate of soda in water, with 
milk, and mucilaginous or farinaceous liquids. 

Acetate of Lead. — Emetics, solution of sulphate of soda in water, 
milk, white of agg and water. 

Opium and its Preparations.— Emetics, strong coffee: dashing 
cold water upon the face and breast; preventing torpor by forced ex- 
ercise. 

Prussic Acid. — Ammoniacal stimulants cautiously applied to the 
nose; ammonia, or sal-volatile in repeated small doses of solution of 
chlorine in water; small doses of chloride of lime in water. 

Strychnia and Yegetable Alkaloids.— Infusion of gall nuts; de- 
coction of cinchona; emetics. See " Accidents." 



RULES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH. 
BY THE PUBLISHER. 

ABSTINENCE. — Disease may oft be cured by abstinence from all 
food, especially if the disorders have been procured by luxurious liv- 
ing and repletion. The latter overtaxes nature, and it rebels against 
sucli treatment. Indigestion, giddiness, headache, mental depression, 
etc., are often the eftects of greediness in meat and drinlv. Omitting 
one, two, or three meals, allows the system to rest, to regain strength, 
and allows the clogged organs to dispose of their burdens. The prac- 
tice of drug taking to cleanse the stomach, though it may give the needed 
relief, always weakens the system, while abstinence secures the good 
result, and yet does no injury. 

Said a young gentleman to a distinguished physician of Philadel- 
phia, — " Doctor, what do j^ou do for yourself when you have headache 
or other slight attack?" *'Go without my dinner," was the reply. 
" Well, if that will not do, how do you proceed then ? " . " Go without 
my supper," was the answer. " But if that does not cure you, what 
then?" "Go without my breakfast. We physicians seldom take 
medicines ourselves, or use them in our families, for we know that 
starving is better, but we cannot make our patients believe it." 

Hippocrates (the father of medicine) said wisely, that if a man eats 
sparingly and drinks little, he is nearly certain of bringing no disease 
upon himself, and that a moderate supply of food nourishes the body 
best. The quantity of food which nature really requires for her sup- 
port is small, and lie that eats and drinks moderately at each meal 
stands fair to enjoy sprightliaess, vivacity, and freedom of spirits. 
Bodies governed by temperance and regularity are rarely hurt by 
melancholy, or any other affection of the mind. To have a clear head 
we must have a clean stomach; for this is the grand reservoir in which 
the food is tirst deposited, and thence its nutritive power is distributed 
throughout all parts of the body. 

BATHING. — If to preserve health be to save medical expenses, 
without even reckoning upon time or comfort, there is no part of the 
household arrangement so important to the domestic economist as cheap 
convenience for personal ablution, For this purpose baths upon a 
large and expensive scale are by no means necessary; but though 
temporary or tin baths may be extremely useful upon pressing occas- 
ions, it will be found to be finally as cheap, and much more readily 
convenient, to have a permanent bath constructed, which may be 
done in any dwelling-house of moderate size, without interfering with 
other general purposes. As the object of these remarks is not to pre- 
sent essays, but merely useful economic hints, it is unnecessary to ex- 
patiate upon the architectural arrnn^ement of the bath, or, more 
properly speaking, the bathing-place,which may be fitted up for the most 
retired establishment, ditfering in size and shape agreeably to the spare 
room that may be appropriated to it, and serving to exercise both the 
fancy and the judgment in its preparation. Nor is it particularly 
necessary to notice the salubrious effects resulting from the bath, be- 



Rules for the Preservation of Health, 409 

yond the two points of its being so conducive both to health and clean- 
liness, in keeping up a free circulation of tlie blood, without any- 
violent muscular exertion, thereby really affording a saving of strength, 
and producing its effects without any expense either to the body or to 
the purse. 

Whoever fits up a bath in a house already built must be guided by 
circumstances; but it will always be proper to place it as near the 
kitchen as possible, because from thence it may be heated, or at least 
have its temperature preserved, by means of hot air throught tubes, or 
by steam prepared by the culinary fire, without interfering with 
its ordinary uses. 

A small boiler may be erected at a very little expense in the bath- 
room, where circumstances do not permit these arrangements. When- 
ever a bath is wanted at a short warning, to boil tlie water necessary 
will always be the shortest mode; but where it is in general daily use, 
the heating of the water by steam will be found the cheapest and most 
convenient method. 

As a guide for practice, we maj^ observe that it has been proved 
by experiment that a bath with five feet of water at the freezing point, 
may be raised to the temperature of blood heat, or 96 degrees, by 304 
gallons of water turned into steam, at an expense of 50 lbs. of coal; 
but if the door be kept closed, it will not lose above four degrees of 
temperatuje in twenty-four hours, by a daily supply of 3 lbs. of coal. 
This is upon a scale of a bath of 5,000 gallons of water. 

CLEANLINESS. — The want of cleanliness is a fault which admits 
of no excuse. Where water can be had for nothing, it is surely in the 
power of every person to be clean. 

The discharge from our bodies by perspiration renders frequent 
changes of apparel necessary. 

Change of apparel greatly promotes the secretion from the skin, 
so necessary to health. 

When that matter which ought to be carried off by perspiration, is 
either retained in the body, or re-absorbed in dirty clothes, it is apt to 
occasion fevers and other diseases. 

Most diseases of the skin proceed from want of cleanliness. These 
indeed may be caught by infection, but they will seldom continue 
long where cleanliness prevails. 

To the same cause must we impute the various kinds of vermin 
that infest the human body, houses, etc. These may generally be ban- 
ished by cleanliness alone. 

Perhaps the intention of nature in permitting such vermin to auoy 
mankind, is to induce them to the practice of this virtue. 

One common cause of putrid and malignant fevers is the want of 
cleanliness. 

These fevers commonly begin among the inhabitants of close, dirty 
houses, who breathe bad air, take little exercise, eat unwholesome 
food, and wear dirty clothes. There the infection is generally hatched, 
which spreads far and wide, to the destruction of many. Hence, 
cleanliness may be considered as an object of public attention. It is 
not sufficient that I be clean myself, while the want of it in my neigh- 
bors affects his health as well as my own. 

If dirty people cannot be removed as a common nuisance, they 
ought at least to be avoided as infectious. All who regard their health 
should keep at a distance, even from their habitations. In places 
where great numbers of people are collected, cleanliness becomes of 
the utmost importance. 
Id 



41 o Appendix to Medical Department. 

It is well known that infections diseases are caused by tainted air. 
Everything:, therefore, which tends to pollute the air, or spread the in- 
fection, outrht, with the utmost care, to be avoided. 

For this reason, in great towns, no filth of any kind should be 
permitted to lie upon the streets. We are sorry to say that the im- 
portance of general cleanliness in this respect does by no means seem 
to be sufficiently understood. 

Water, indeed, is easily obtained in this country; therefore, no ex- 
cuse for uncleanliness. 

Nothing can be more agreeable to the senses, more to the honor 
of the inhabitants, or conducive to their health, than a clean town; 
nor does anything impress a stranger quicker with a disrespectful idea 
of any people than its opposite. 

It is remarkable that, in most eastern countries, cleanliness makes 
a great part of their religion. The Mahometan, as well as the Jewish 
religion, enjoins various bathings, washings, and purifications. No 
doubt these were designed to represent inward purity; but they are 
at the same time calculated for the preservation of health. 

However whimsical these washings may appear to some, few 
things would seem more to prevent diseases than a proper attention to 
many of them. 

Were every person, for example, after handling a dead body, vis- 
iting the sick, etc., to wash before he went into company, or sat down 
to meat, he would run less hazard either of catching the infection him- 
self, or communicating it to others. 

Frequent washing not only removes the filth which adheres to the 
skin, but likewise promotes the perspiration, braces the body, and en- 
livens the spirits. 

Even wasliing the feet tends greatly to preserve health. The per- 
spiration and dirt with which these parts are frequently covered, can- 
not fail to obstruct their pores. This piece of cleanliness would often 
prevent colds and fevers. 

Were people to bathe their feet and hands in warm water at night, 
after being exposed to cold or wet through the day, they would seldom 
experience any of the eflects from these causes which often prove 
fatal. 

\w places where great numbers of sick people are kept, cleanliness 
ought most religiously to be observed. The very smell in such places 
is often sufficient to make one sick. It is easy to imagine what effect 
that is likelj' to have upon the diseased. 

A person in health has a greater chance to become sick, than a 
sick person has to get well, in an hospital or infirmary where cleanli- 
ness is neglected. 

The brutes themselves set us an example of cleanliness. Most of 
them seem uneasy, and thrive ill. if they be not kept clean. A horse 
that is kept thoroughly clean will thrive better on a smaller quantity 
of food, than with a gieater where cleanliness is neglected. 

Even our own feelings are a sufficient proof of the ne«essity of 
cleanliness. How refreshed, how cheerful and agreeable does one feel 
on being washed and dressed ; especially when these have long been 
neglected. 

Superior cleanliness sooner attracts our regard than even finery 
itself, and often gains esteem where the other fails. 

Influence of Cleanliness. — "I have more than once expressed ray 
conviction tliat the humanizing influence of habits of cleanliness, and 
of those decent observations which imply self-respect — the best, indeed 



Rules for the Preservation of Health, 411 

the only foundation of respect for others— has never been sufficiently 
acted on. A clean, fresh, and well ordered house exercises over its in- 
mates a moral no less than a phj^sical influence, and has a direct ten- 
dency to make the members of a family sober, peaceable, and consid- 
erate of the feelings and happiness of each other; nor is it difficult to 
trace a counection between habitual feelings of this sort and the form- 
ation of habits of respect for property, for the laws in general, and 
even for those higher duties and obligations the observance of which 
no laws can enforce." — Br. Southwood Smith. 

EXERCISE. — Exercise in the open air is of the first Importance 
to the human frame, yet how many are in a manner deprived of it by 
their own want of management of their time I Females with slender 
means are for the most part destined to indoor occupations, and have 
but little time alloted them for taking the air, and that little time is 
generally sadly encroached upon by the ceremony of dressing to go 
out. It may appear a simple suggestion, but experience only will show 
how much time might be redeemed by habits of regularity ; such as 
putting the shawls, cloaks, gloves, shoes, clogs, etc., etc., or whatever 
is intended to be worn, in readiness, Instead of having to search one 
drawer, then another, for possibly a glove or collar — wait for shoes be- 
ing cleaned, etc. — and this when (probably) the out-going persons have 
to return to their employment at a given time. Whereas, if all were 
in readiness, the preparations might be accomplished in a few minutes, 
the walk not being curtailed by unnecessary delays. 

Three principal points in the manner of taking exercise are 
necessary to be attended to: 1. The kind of exercise. 2. The proper 
time for exercise. 3. The duration of it. With respect to the kind of 
exercise, the various species of it may be divided into active and pas- 
sive. Among the first, which admit of being considerably diversified, 
may be enumerated walking, running, leaping, swimming, riding, 
fencing, the military exercise, difterent kinds of athletic games, etc. 
Among the latter, or passive kinds of exercise, may be comprised 
riding in a carriage, sailing, friction, swinging, etc. 

Active exercises are more beneficial to youth, to the middle-aged, 
to the robust in general, and particularly to the corpulent and the 
plethoric. 

Passive kinds of exercise, on the contrary, are better calculated for 
children ; old, dry, and emaciated persons of a delicate and debilitated 
constitution ; and particularly for the asthmatic and consumptive. 

The time at which exercise is most proper depends on such a variety 
of concurrent circumstances, that it does not admit of being regulated 
by any general rules, and must therefore be collected from the obser- 
vations made on the eflfects of air, food, drink, etc. 

With respect to the duration of exercise, there are other particu- 
lars, relative to a greater or less degree of fatigue attending the difier- 
ent species, and utility of it in certain states of the mind and body, 
which must determine this consideration as well as the preceding. 

That exercise is to be preferred which, with a view to brace and 
strengthen the body, we are most accustomed to. Any unusual one 
may be attended with a contrary effect. 

Exercise should be begun and finished gradually, never abruptly. 

Exercise in the open air has many advantages over that used with- 
in doors. 

To continue exercise until a profuse perspiration or a great degree 
of weariness takes place, is far from being wholesome. 

In the forenoon, when the stomach is not too much distended, 



412 Appendix to Medical Department* 

muscular motion is both agreeable and healthful; it streng'thens di- 
gestion, and heats the body less tlian with a full stomach ; and a good 
appetite after it is a proof that it has not been carried to excess. 

But at the same time it should be understood, that it is not advisa- 
ble to take violent exercise immediately before a meal, as digestion 
might thereby be retarded. 

Neither should we sit down to a substantial dinner or supper im- 
mediately on returning from a fatiguing walk, at a time when the blood 
is heated, and the body in a state of perspiration from previous exer- 
tion, as the worst consequences may arise, especially where cooling 
dishes, salad, or a glass of cold drink is begun witli. 

Exercise is always hurtful after meals, from its impeding diges- 
tion, by propelling those fluids too much towards the surface of the 
body which are designed for the solution of the food in the stomach. 

WALKING. — To walk gracefully the body must be erect, but not 
stifi", and the head held up in such a posture that the eyes are directed 
forward. The tendency of untaught walkers is to look towards the 
ground near the feet; and some persons appear always as if admiring 
their shoe-ties. The eyes should not be thus cast downward, neither 
should the chest bend forward to throw out the back, making what are 
termed round shoulders; on the contrary, the whole person must hold 
itself up, as if not afraid to look the world in the face, and the chest 
by all means be allowed to expand. At the same time, everything 
like strutting or pomposity must be carefully avoided. An easy, firm, 
and erect posture is alone desirable. In walking, it is necessary to 
bear in mind that the locomotion is to be entirely performed by the 
legs. Awkward persons rock from side to side, helping forward each 
\(t^ alternately by advancing the haunches. This is not only ungrace- 
ful but fatiguing. Let the legs alone advance, bearing up the body. 

UTILITY OF SINGING.— It is asserted, and we believe with some 
truth, that singing is a corrective of the too common tendency to pul- 
monic complaints. Dr. Rush, an eminent physician, observes on this 
subject: "The Germans are seldom afflicted with consumption; and 
this, I believe, is in part occasioned by the strength which their lungs 
acquire by exercising them in vocal music, for this constitutes an 
essential branch of their education. The music master of an academy 
has furnished me with a remark still more in favor of this opinion. 
He informed me that he had known several instances of persons who 
were strongly disposed to consumption, who were restored to health 
by the exercise of their lungs in singing." 

THE WEATHER AND THE BLOOD.— In dry, sultry weather 
the heat ought to be counteracted by means of a cooling diet. To this 
purpose cucumbers, melons, and juicy fruits are subservient. We 
ought to give the preference to alimentary substances as lead to contract 
the juices which are too much expanded by the heat, and this property 
is possessed by all acid food and drink. To this class belong all sorts 
of salad, lemons, oranges, pomegranates sliced and sprinkled with 
sugar, for the acid of this fruit is not so apt to derange the stomach as 
that of lemons; also cherries and strawberries, curds turned with 
lemon acid or cream-of-tartar; cream-of-tartar dissolved in water; 
lemonade, and Rhenish or Moselle wine mixed with water. 

HOW TO GET SLEEP.— How to get sleep is to many persons a 
matter of high importance. Nervous persons who are troubled with 
wakefulness and excitability, usually have a strong tendency of blood 
on the brain, with cold extremities. The pressure of the blood on the 
brain keeps it in a stimulated or wakeful state, and the pulsations in 



Rules for the Preservation of Health. 413 

the head are often painful. Let such rise and chafe the body and ex- 
tremities with a brush or towel, or rub smartly with the hands, to pro- 
mote circulation, and withdraw the excessive amount of blood from 
the brain, and they will fall asleep in a few moments. A cold bath, or 
a sponge bath and rubbing, or a good run, or a rapid walk in the 
open air, or going up and down stairs a few times just before retiring, 
will aid in equalizing circulation and promoting sleep. These rules 
are simple, and easy of application in castle or cabin, and may min- 
ister to the comfort of thousands who would freely expend money 
for an anodyne to promote *' Nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep ! " 

EARLY KISING^.— Dr. Wilson Philip, in his "Treatise on Indi- 
gestion,'' says: " Although it is of consequence to the debilitated to go 
early to bed, there are few things more hurtful to them than remaining 
in it too long. Getting up an hour or two earlier often gives a degree 
of vigor which nothing else can procure. For those who are not much 
debilitated, and sleep well, the best rule is to get out of bed soon after 
waking in the morning. This at first maj'- appear too early, for the 
debilitated require more sleep than the healthy; but rising early will 
gradually prolong the sleep on the succeeding night, till the quantity 
the patient enjoys is equal to his demand for it. Lying late is not 
only hiu'tf ul, by the relaxation it occasions, but also by occupying that 
part of the day at which exercise is most beneficial." 

APPETITE. — Appetite is frequently lost through excessive use of 
stimulants, food taken too hot, sedentary occupation, costiveness, liver 
disorder, and want of change of air. The first endeavor should be to 
ascertain and remove the cause. Change of diet and change of air 
will frequently be found more beneficial than medicines. 

TEMPERANCE.— "If," observes a writer, '' men lived uniformly 
in a healthy climate, were possessed of strong and vigorous frames, 
were descended from healthy parents, were educated in a hardy and 
active manner, were possessed of excellent natural dispositions, were 
placed in comfortable situations in life, were engaged only in healthy 
occupations, were happily connected in marriage, and kept their pas- 
sions in due subjection, there would be little occasion for medical 
rules." All this is very excellent and desirable; but, unfortunately 
for mankind, unattainable. 

Man must be something more than man to be able to connect the 
different links of this harmonious chain — to consolidate this summum 
honwn of earthly felicity into one uninterrupted whole; for, independ- 
ent of all regularity or irregularity of diet, passions, and other sublu- 
nary circumstances, contingencies, and connections, relative or absolute, 
thousands are visited by disease and precipitated into the grave, inde- 
pendent of accident, to whom no particular vice could attach, and with 
whom the appetite never overstepped the boundaries of temperance. 
Do we not hear almost daily of instances of men living near to and 
even upwards of a century? We cannot account for this either; be- 
cause of such men we know but few who have lived otherwise than 
the world around them; and we have known many who have lived in 
habitual intemperance for forty or fifty years, without interruption 
and with little apparent inconvenience. 

The assertion has been made by those who have attained a great 
age (Parr, and Henry Jenkins, for instance), that they adopted no par- 
ticular arts for the preservation of their health, consequently, it might 
be inferred that the duration of life has no dependence on manners or 
customs, or the qualities of particular food. This, however, is an error 
of no common magnitude. 



414 Appendix to Medical Department, 

Laborers, and other hard working people, more especially those 
whose occupations require them to be much in the open air, may be 
considered as following a regulated system of moderation; and hence 
the higher degree of health which prevails among them and their 
families. They also observe rules; and those which it is said were 
recommended by Old Parr are remarkable for good sense; namely, 
" Keep your head cool by temperance, your feet warm by exercise; 
rise early, and go soon to bed; and if you are inclined to get fat, keep 
your eyes open and your mouth shut," — in other words sleep moderately 
and be abstemious in diet; — excellent admonitions, more especially to 
those inclined to corpulency. 

The advantages to be derived from a regular mode of living, with 
a view to the preservation of health and life, are nowhere better ex- 
emplified than in the precepts and practice of Plutarch, whose rules for 
this purpose are excellent; and by observing them himself, he main- 
tained his bodily strength and mental faculties unimpaired to a very 
advanced age. Galen is a still stronger proof of the advantages of a 
regular plan, by means of which he reached the great age of 140 years, 
without ever having experienced disease. His advice to the readers of 
his *' Treatise on Health" is as follows: "I beseech all persons who 
read this work not to degrade themselves to a level with the brutes, or 
the rabble, by gratifying their sloth, or by eating and drinking pro- 
miscuously whatever pleases their palates, or by indulging their 
appetites of every kind. But whether they understand physic or not, 
let them consult their reason, and observe what agrees, and what does 
not agree with them, that, like wise men, they may adhere to the use 
of such things as conduce to their health, and forbear everything which 
by their own experience, they find to do them hurt; and let them be 
assured that, by a diligent observation and practice of this rule, they 
may enjoy a good share of health, and seldom stand in need of physic 
or physician." 

HEALTH IN YOUTH.— Late hours, irregular habits, and want of 
attention to diet, are common errors with most young men, and these 
gradually, but at first imperceptibly, undermine the health, and lay the 
foundation for various forms of disease in after life. It is very diffi- 
cult to make young persons comprehend this. They frequently sit up 
as late as twelve, one, or two o'clock, without experiencing any ill 
effects ; they go without a meal to-day, and to-morrow eat to repletion, 
with only temporary inconvenience. One night they will sleep three 
or four hours, and the next nine or ten; or one night, in their eager- 
ness to get away into some agreeable company, they will take no food 
at all, and the next, perhaps, will eat a hearty supper, and go to bed 
upon it. These, with various other irregularities, are common to the 
majority of young men, and are, as just stated, the cause of much bad 
health in mature life. Indeed, nearly all the shattered constitutions 
with which too many are cursed, are the result of a disregard to the 
plainest precepts of health in early life. 

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE PREVENTION OP CHOLERA.— 
We urge the necessity, in all cases of cholera, of an instant recourse to 
medical aid, and also under every form and variety of indisposition; 
for all disorders are found to merge in the dominant disease. 

Let immediate relief be sougiit under disorder of the bowels 
especially, however slight. The invasion of cholera maj' thus be 
readily prevented. 

Let every impurity, animal and vegetable, be quickly removed to 
a distance from the habitation, such as slaughter-houses, pig-sties, cess- 
pools, necessaries, and all other domestic nuisances. 



Rules for the Preservation of Health. 415 

Let all uncovered drains be carefully and frequently cleansed. 

Let the grounds in and around the habitation be drained, so as 
elFectually to carry off moisture of every Ivind. 

Let all partitions be removed from within and without habitations, 
which unnecessarily impede ventilation. 

Let every room be daily thrown open for the admission of fresh 
air; this shoLdd be done about noon, when the atmospliere is most 
likely to be dry. 

Let dry scrubbing be used in domestic cleansing in place of water 
cleansing. 

Let excessive fatigue, and exposure to damp and cold, especially 
during the night, be avoided. 

Let the use of cold drinks and acid liquors, especially under fatigue, 
be avoided, or when the body is heated. 

Let the use of cold a^Jd fruits and vegetables be avoided. 

Let excess in the use of ardent and fermented liquors and tobacco 
be avoided. 

Let a poor diet, and the use of impure water in cooking or for 
drinking, be avoided. 

Let the wearing of wet and insufficient clothes be avoided. 

Let a flannel or woolen belt be worn round the belly. 

Let personal cleanliness be carefully observed. 

Let every cause tending to depress the moral and physical energies 
be carefully avoided. Let exposure to extremes of heat and cold be 
avoided. 

Let crowding of persons within houses and apartments be avoided. 

Let sleeping in low or damp rooms be avoided. 

Let tires be kept up during the night in sleeping or adjoining 
apartments, the night being the period of most danger from attack, 
especially under exposure to cold or damp. 

Let all bedding and clothing be daily exposed during winter and 
spring to tiie fire, and in summer to the heat of the sun. 

Let the dead be buried in places remote from the habitations of the 
living. By the timely adoption of simple means such as these, cholera, 
or other epidemic, will be made to lose its venom. 

RULES FOR THK PRESERVATION OF HEALTH.— Pure at- 
mospheric air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and a 'cery small pro- 
poitiou carbonic acid gas. Air once breathed has lost the chief part of 
its oxygen, and acquired a proportionate increase of carbonic acid gas. 
Therefore^ health requires that we breathe the same air once only. 

The solid part of our bodies is continually wasting, and requires 
to be repaired by fresii substances. Thereforey food, which is to repair 
the loss, should be taken with due regard to the exercise and waste of 
the body. 

The fluid part of our bodies also wastes constantly; there is but 
one fluid in animals, which is water, Therefore, water only is neces- 
sary, and no artifice can produce a better drink. 

The fluid of our bodies is to the solid in proportion as nine to one. 
Therefore, a like proportion should prevail in the total amount of food 
taken 

Light exercises an important influence upon the growth and vigor 
of animals and plants. Therefore, our dwellings should freely admit 
the solar rays. 

Decomposing animal and vegetable substances yield various noxious 
gases, which enter the lungs and corrupt the blood. Therefore, all 
impurities should be kept away from our abodes, and every precau- 
tion be observed to secure a pure atmosphere. 



41 6 Appe7idix to Medical Department 

Warmth is essential to all the bodily functions. Therefore^ an 
equal bodily temperature should be maintained by exercise, by clothing 
or by lire. 

Exercise warms, invigorates, and purifies the body; clothing pre- 
serves the warmth the bod> generates; fire imparts warmth externally. 
Therefore^ to obtain and preserve warmth, exercise and clothing are 
preferable to fire. 

Fire consumes the oxygen of the air, and produces noxious gases. 
Tlierefore, the air is less pure in the presence of candles, gas, or coal 
fire, than otherwise, and the deterioration should be repaired by in- 
creased ventilation. 

The skin is a highly-organized membrane, full of minute pores, 
cells, blood-vessels, and nerves ; it imbibes moisture or throws it off, 
according to the state of the atmosphere and the temperature of the 
body. It also "breathes," as do the lungs (though less actively). All 
the internal organs sympathize with the skin. Therefore^ it should be 
repeatedly cleansed. 

Late hours and anxious pursuits exhaust the nervous system, and 
produce disease and premature death. Therefore^ the hours of labor 
and study should be short. 

Mental and bodily exercise are equally essential to the general 
health and happiness. Therefore, labor and study should succeed each 
other. 

Man will live most healthily upon simple solids and fluids, of 
which a sufficient, but temperate quantity should be taken. ThereforCj 
over-indulgences in strong drinks, tobacco, snuff", opium, and all mere 
indulgencies, should be avoided. 

Sudden alternations of heat and cold are dangerous, (especially to 
the young and the aged). Therefore, clothing, in quantity and quality, 
should be adapted to the alternations of night and day, and of the 
seasons. And therefore, also, drinking cold water when the body is hot, 
and hot tea and soups when cold, are productive of many evils. 

Moderation in eating and drinking, short hours of labor and regu- 
larity in exercise, recreation, and rest, cleanliness, equanimity of tem- 
per and equality of temperatui-e, — these are the great essentials to that 
which surpasses all wealth, health of mind and body. 

Damp Linen. — We know of nothing attended with more serious 
consequences than the sleeping in damp linen. Persons are frequently 
assured that the sheets have been at a fire for many hours, but the 
question is as to what sort of fire, and whether they have been properly 
turned, so that every part has been exposed to the fire. The fear of 
creasing the linen, we know, prevents manyfrom unfolding it, so as 
to be what we consider suflBciently aired ; but health is of more im- 
portance than appearances; with gentleness there need be no fear of 
want of neatness. 

Health, Preservation of. — It is an old but a very just saying, 'that 
no one knows the value of health till they begin to lose it; and it may 
be affirmed with equal truth, that the moment we become conscious 
that we have an eye, a stomach, or a heart, or feel any purt of the 
silent but wondrous mechanism of which we are composed, disease or 
injury has invaded that organ or function. Health, then, is the insen- 
sible performance of all the operations of tlie body. Much might be 
said in this place on the preservation of that inestimable boon, health; 
but as most persons have an opinion of their own on such a subject, it 
will be suflScient to specify the most important rules to be observed. 
As far as external agents are concerned, those absolutely necessary to 
the preservation of health are, — 



Rules for the Preservation of Health, 417 

A constant and abundant supply of fresh air. 

A sufficiency of warm and appropriate clothing; the dress having 
reference to the season. 

An ample supply of wholesome and nutritious food. 

A due amount of daily exercise. 

Frequent ablutions of the entire body, and generaly cleanliness of 
the skin. 

An adequate proportion of relaxation and amusement. 

Early hours, and regularity in the diet. 

And, lastly, constant occupation both for the mind and the body. 

In addition to these rules, all sudden alternations of temperature 
should be avoided ; the sleeping-room should be large, and well ven- 
tilated; exposure to damp and fogs avoided; the mind kept amused 
and active ; the food well masticated and slowly eaten, and the bever- 
age kept as simple and unstimulating as possible. By the adoption of 
such rules, and paying attention to the first symptoms of local or gen- 
eral indisposition, a person may hope to preserve the blessings of health 
for the longest possible period. 

Method cf Ascertaining the State of the Lungs. — Persons desirous 
of ascertaining the true state of their lungs are directed to draw in as 
much breath as they conveniently can ; tliey are then to count as far as 
they are able, in a slow and audible voice, without drawing in more 
breath. The number of seconds they can continue counting must be 
carefully observed ; in a consumption the time does not exceed ten, 
and is frequently less than six seconds; in pleurisy and pneumonia it 
ranges from nine to four seconds. When the lungs are in a sound 
condition, the time will range as high as from twenty to thirty-five 
seconds. 

Sick Rooms — Cautions in Visiting. — Never enter a sick room in a 
state of perspiration, for as soon as tiie body becomes cold, it may 
absorb tlie infection or disease. Do not visit a sick person with an 
empty stomach, as it disposes the system more readily to receive in- 
fection. In a sick room, stand where the air passes from the door or 
window to the bed of the diseased. When poisonous vapor is much 
diluted with fresh air, it is not noxious. The windows of a sickroom, 
small and confined, should not be closed; if the wind is cold, nearly 
close the curtains of the bed. Remove all dirty cloths, clothes, and 
discharges, as soon as possible. Let the visitor have about his person 
camphor, etc. After leaving an infectious room, a person should con- 
tinue in the open air some time before he enters his own dwelling. 

Use of Fruit. — Instead of standing in any fear of a generous con- 
sumption of ripe fruits, we regard them as conducive to health. We 
have no patience in reading the endless rules to be observed in 
this particular department of physical comfort. No one ever lived 
longer or freer from disease, by discarduig the fruits of the land in 
which he finds a home. On the contrary, they are necessary to the 
preservation of health, and are therefore designed to make their ap- 
pearance at the very time when the condition of the body, operated 
upon by deteriorating causes not always imderstood, requires their 
renovating infiuence. 

Health, Preservation of. — Adopt the plan of rising early, and 
never sit up late at night. 

Wash the whole body every morning with cold water, by means of 
a large sponge, and rub it dry with a rough towel, or scrub the whole 
body for ten or fifteen minutes with flesh brushes. 

Those who use cold water regularly, either with a sponge or as a 



41 8 Appendix to Medical Department, 

bath, are able to bear exposure to the weather much better than with- 
out its aid. 

Drink water generally, and avoid taking spirits, wines, and all 
fermented liquors. 

Sleep in a room that has free access to the open air, and is well 
ventihited. 

Keep the head cool by washing it with cold water if necessary, 
abate feverish and inflammatory symptoms when they arise, by pre- 
serving stillness. 

Symptoms of plethora and indigestion may be corrected by eating 
and drinking less per day for a short time. 

Never eat a hearty supper, especially of animal food. Never in- 
dulge in luxuries; guard against intemperance; and never sit in a 
draught, or in wet clothes, nor lie in a damp bed. 

Exercise regularly taken, tends to preserve the health. Walk one 
or two miles a day, regardless of weather, unless very bad indeed. 
Even a lady with stout walking boots, a large thick cloak, and an 
umbrella, may defy bad weather. 

In taking exercise in very severe weather, keep your mouth closed 
and walk rapidly; the air can only reach the lungs by a ciucuit of the 
nose and head, and becomes warm before reaching the lungs, thus 
causing no derangement. Brisk walking throws the blood to the sur- 
face of the body, thus keeping up a vigorous circulation, making a cold 
impossible, if you do not get into a cold bed too quickly after reaching 
home. Neglect of these precautions brings sickness and death to mul- 
titudes every year. 

The amount of exercise necessary for health is variable, depending 
upon natural constitution, education, sex, and age. For men from 
twenty to fifty, ^ight or ten miles a day of walking exercise may be 
taken as the average ; and for women of the same age, about half this 
quantity will suffice. Less than this will go a great way, but for keep- 
ing up high health, the above amount, omitted onlj^ on thoroughly 
wet days, may be considered necessary. 

By all means avoid a morbid desponding feeling, for scarcely any 
thing is more injurious to health, 

Mental as well as bodily exercise is essential to the general health 
and liappiness; therefore, labor and study should succeed each other. 

The plainest food is the best, taken in quantities so small as not to 
oppress the stomach. A man should never know that he has a stomach 
except when he is hungry. 

To increase muscular power, food should be taken which does not 
produce fat; for fat is frequently a sign of disease. A race-horse is 
brought to his prime condition by a system of training. So with man, 
if he wishes to see the full development of all his muscular power, he 
must restrict himself in diet, and exhaust his fat by having a good 
sweating eveiy day, but not to take cold. 

Lying too long in bed is injurious to health. The want of expan- 
sion of the chest through exercise, will aggravate or create consump- 
tive tendencies, which all more or less have; and the constant heat of 
the back or one side, occtusioned by cushioning, disturbs healthy action. 

When food rises in the stomachy the stomach is speaking to us, and 
we ought to listen to it, or health will suffer. In due time headaches 
will be the result; the liver is oppressed, and cannot fuUill its functions* 
There has been more introduced into the body than can be conveniently 
disposed of Every part receives some of the obtrusive matter; it is forced 
into the absorbents; the blood is unwillingly compelled to take a part 1 1 



Rules for the Preservation of Health, 419 

of it; the brain feels the eifect of the poisonous inftision; the circula- 
taion is impeded; the heart feels it, and labors hard to do its allotted 
work. By persistiuo^ in the habit, life will be shortened. 

Too little food has its symptoms as well as too much. The body 
will flag for want of stimulus; it will lose warmth and energy; and 
if it be found that more food restores both, and brings comfort, then 
more food is wanted. Every one should endeavor to discover his own 
maximum and minimum allowance, and adhere to it. 

Those who think most, require the most sleep. The time "saved" 
from necessary sleep is destruction to mind, body, and estate. Give 
yourself, children, and servants, the fullest amount of sleep by com- 
pelling them to go to bed at some early hour, and to rise in the morn- 
ing the moment they awake of themselves, and within a fortnight 
nature will unloose the bonds of sleep the moment enough repose has 
been secured. 

Rise and retire at a fixed hour ; take a gentle walk before break- 
fast; and take your meals at the same hours daily. 

The less quantity of fermented liquors you drink the better. 

Nothing conduces more to health and long life than abstinence and 
plain food, with due labor. 

Where water does not disagree value the privilege, and continue it. 

Late hours and anxious pursuits exhaust the nervous system, 
therefore avoid them as much as possible. 

In order that digestion may take place, the food should be well 
chewed. The stomach will not deal with it in lumps. It must be 
thoroughly masticated and well mixed with the saliva which flows into 
the mouth during mastication. 

Do without medicine if possible; but in case of real indisposition, 
immediately consult a competent medical man. 

Heartburn, — Drink a pint of veiy cold water. Tried. Or, drink 
slowly decoction of camomile flowers. Or, eat four or five oysters. — 
Wesley. 

Heartburn. — "If acidity of the stomach occasions the heartburn, 
absorbents are the proper medicines. Take 1 oz. of powdered chalk, 
3^ oz. of fine sugar, and ^ oz. of gum arable may be mixed in a quart 
water, and a tea-cup of it taken when necessary. But the best ab- 
sorbent is magnesia alba. It acts also as a purgative. This powder is 
not disagreeable; it may be taken in a cup of tea, or a glass of mint 
water." — Buchan. 

If it arises from wind, take 1 teaspoon of spirits of lavender, or the 
neutralizing mixture. 

MEALS. — If the preservation of the life entrusted to us is the first 
duty of man, the keeping that life in a state of healthy action should 
be equally imperative. To do this efl'ectively, the two first considera- 
tions are/ooc? and exercise^ occupation of mind and body ; when to take 
this food is an inquiry that should be answered with the same care be- 
stowed on the substances which constitute our aliment. The meals, 
then, or the sufficiency of food to be taken at one time, should have 
reference not only to the person's occupation, his amount of physical 
and mental labor, but to his hours of action and repose. 

In arranging the definite period for each meal, the person should 
calculate the number of hours between his rising in the morning and 
his retiring to bed at night, and then endeavor to divide this time into 
four as nearly equal spaces as he can, and assign each as an hour for a 
meal. It will be seen by this that we advocate the old-fashioned 
sequence of meals in preference to the modern and more artificial mode 



420 Appendix to Medical Department, 

of living, fully impressed with the belief that the first is more in accord- 
ance with the requirements of nature, and consequently more con- 
ducive to health. The usual number of workiiio: lioura averages from 
fifteen to sixteen a day; perhaps the latter is more generally correct, 
for, should not the body be occupied the whole time from the getting 
up to the going to bed, the mind is; and there is consequently fatigue 
and exhaustion. 

As the stomach usually takes from four to five hours to perform 
the process of digestion, and as that organ sliould never be allowed to 
remain empty forany length of time, these sixteen hours must be divid- 
ed into the four periods we are about to indicate. Where unavoidable 
employment prevents such an arrangement, the space from morning 
to night may be reduced to three periods, but should never fall below 
that; for no opinion is more fallacious than that the stomach, jilted of 
its mid-day meal, can compensate itself from a richer and more varied 
repast in the evening; or that three courses at six o'clock, with plenty 
of time to enjoy them, will more than atone for a plate of roast meat 
and potatoes at one or two. The stomach, rendered torpid by long 
abstinence, will not be flattered into performing a double duty by a 
multiplicity of rich foods, in all probability as badly assorted for the 
purposes of digestion, as out of character by their number and incon- 
gruity. 

It is also a great mistake to suppose that the breakfast is required 
as soon as the individual is out of bed; the stomach then has hardly 
recovered from the torpidity of the night, and requires action and the 
free circulation of the blood, before it is in a state to perform its 
healthj-- function. Those, however, who are obliged to work for two 
or three hours before breakfast should take with them a few mouthfuls 
of biscuit or bread to eat about an hour after beginning work, so that 
when the stomach is stimulated to full action, a small amount of 
nourishment should be put in it, to give the gastric juice some solid on 
which to operate, instead of irritating the coats of the stomach by that 
gnawing feeling known as the sense of hunger. By adopting this pre- 
caution, the organ will be in a state of vigorous activity when, at eight 
or nine o'clock, the person sits down to his breakfast. 

Those whose labors do not commence till after their first meal, 
should be careful not to partake of it for at least half an hour after 
leaving their beds, or till the body has been actively excited, if not by 
a brief exercise, or some gymnastic feat, by a free use of the flesh-brush 
over the trunk, to excite the circulation of the blood. Whatever may 
be the occupation of the person, the breakftist should always be made 
the meal of most importance, after the dinner, and though with the 
man of sedentary habits less substantial than that of the working man, 
should alwaj^s consist of flesh-forming materials, and sufficiency in 
bulk to give the stomach material on which it can act for some hours. 
To induce the stomach to take in a due quantity of bread, or solid 
matter, a bloater, slice of bacon, piece of ham, or whatever savory 
article may be selected should be eaten with it, the object of all such 
relishes being rather to necessitate the swallowing of a large bulk of 
bread or toast, than any special benefit to be derived from the few 
mouthfuls of animal fc)od taken. As the most important business of 
the day is usually performed in the morning and noon, whether the 
exercise is that of the mind or body, the benefit of laying up a store of 
nutriment in the stomach, to be converted into healthy blood as the 
toil of the day demands extra stamina, will be evident to all. 

When the breakfast has been at eight the dinner should be at one 



Rules for the Preservation of Health, 421 

o'clock; and when at nine, at two o'clock. The best hour for tea is 
about six, so as to leave three clear hours before the supper which 
should consist of some simple articles— bread and butter and oysters, or 
bread and cheese,\vith celery, and a g-lass of ale or porter,or,to tliose who 
are accustomed to its use, a glass of spirits and water. The idea that 
suppers of all sorts are hurtful is most absurd and unreasonable. Hot 
meat suppers — a second edition of dinner, in fact — would, to many 
persons, be very injurious; others, however, who do not go to bed for 
an hour after, and whose appetite is strong, may partake of such a 
repast with perfect impunity. Such suppers as are advocated here may 
be taken with safety, and by invalids; nor will there be any fear of 
nightmare if the person adjourns to bed within a quarter of an hour of 
such a meal. 

Exceptions of course frequently occur, not only as regards supper, 
but also as to the hours given for the other meals — cases where the 
person's stomach and his avocations must be consulted, and all rules 
made to submit to the state of the individual's appetite and his busi- 
ness. This rule, however, should be ;ilways observed, — that whatever 
hours are fixed on for the different meals, those times should be rigidly 
adhered to, and the virtue of punctuality in eating faithfully observed. 
So great, indeed, is the influence of habit in this respect, that a person 
accustomed to dine or breakfast at a regular hour will always — unless 
in ill-health — feel hungry, or disposed to eat, at the recurrence of the 
time appointed. 

Where the meals follow at the short intervals of four or five hours, 
luncheon, or any intermediate eating or drinking, is not only uncalled 
for but reprehensible. 

With literary men, and those whose occupations perpetually tax 
the brain, if the day's toil can be conveniently brought to a close by 
five, or even six o'clock, it is more beneficial to take a slight repast at 
one o'clock, and delay dinner till the day's work is over. If, however, 
their occupations engage them up to night, the dinner should be taken 
at two, and an hour, or an hour and a half, of perfect repose taken 
after it, and before renewing their labors. To the dyspeptic patient, 
or those suflering from habitual irritability of stomach, and where all 
solid food produces pain, the breakfast should be preceded by a cup of 
hot coffee about half an hour before taking the meal. 

The habit of taking provocatives before dinner, in the shape of 
small quantitities of brandy, or glasses of bitters, is very objectionable, 
and can only be excused where the stomach is cold, and the appetite 
naturally languid. In such cases, about half an ounce of the compound 
tincture of gentian, or an ounce of the compound tincture of carda- 
moms, of the Edingburgh Pharmacoposia, may, however, often be 
taken with great benefit. See " Food," and " Digestion," 



miOE TO MOTHERS. 
BY THE PUBLISHER. 

ADYICE TO MOTHERS,— The present part of our subject has 
reference merely to the niotlier as regards her new-born infant; those 
portions of the general subject which appertain to the mother herself, 
— rearing by hand, wet-nursing, duty of nurses, cutting of teeth, 
clothing, food, and management of children, — will be found under 
*' Pregnancy;" ''Bringing up by Hand," under "Infant;" "Nurses," 
♦♦Teething," etc. 

The duty and responsibility of the mother commence before the 
birth of her offspring, and respect herself almost as much as her child. 

Leaving out of the question for the present the duties appertaining 
to the parent, we shall proceed at once to show the obligations the 
mother is under to her infant. One of the first and most important 
duties the mother owes, not only to her child, but to society, is to have 
everything in order for the reception and comfort of her baby when 
born; and as labor may take place at any time after the seventh 
month, all articles of clothing, and whatever is necessary, or likely to 
become so, for the dressing and requirement of the child, should be 
provided and laid in careful and systematic order in readiness, not 
later than the end of the seventh month. So important does the law re- 
gard the fact of the mother's neglecting to provide clothes for her 
baby, that, in a trial for infanticide, such a circumstance would weigh 
very seriously against the prisoner. In such a case, the law does not 
look to the kind or the amount of clothing provided; a strip of cotton 
with a few stitnhes, though only meant for a bandage, would be' re- 
garded as some provision for the protiection of her child, and the inten- 
tion of procuring more willingly conceded to her. 

The number of articles a niother should provide for her child 
must, in a great measure, depend upon her means, though there are few 
wives but wno, in their first confinement, are able to obtain all that is 
strictly necessary for the occasion, especially if they are believers in 
the efficacy of the modei-n practice of leaving the poor infant's head 
without cap or covering. Tlie number or the quality of the clothes is 
of much less consequence than the manner in which they are made. 

The following list contains the names and the number of articles 
absolutely necessary for a new-born infant; as many more may be 
procured as the taste or circumstances of the mother may dictate : — 
Two rollers, calico; 1 roller, flannel; 6 shirts; 2 flannel petticoats; 2 
pilches; 4 frocks; 18 diapers; 4 night-gowns; 3 caps. 

There is one general rule which should be adverted to in this 
place; namely, that each garment should be made either with strings 
or loops, so as to avoid, as far as i)ossible, the objectionable practice of 
pinnmg on an infanVs clothing. Of this we shall have more to say 
hereafter. 



Advice to Mothers. 



423 



In making her baby's clothes, there are four important points to 
be considered : — 1. To make the dresses to come well up in the neck, 
so as to keep the neck and chest warm. 2. To avoid any pressure on 
the shoulder or tightness under the arm, which might prevent a free 
motion of those members. 3. To make them in such a manner that 
they can be put on without the necessity of repeatedly turning the 
child. 4. To avoid the too common habit of making them too long 
and too heavy. 

Having procured, washed, and ironed her baby's clothes, they 
should be all carefully placed by themselves in a drawer or box, and 
kept where, on any emergency, they can be obtained by the nurse; 
other articles can be added afterwards. 

If everything has gone on favorably with the mother, about a 
fortnight before her expected time the basket should be made ready. 
The proper baby-basket is about two feet square; it should be light, 
and not too deep, the whole being covered with a lining of loose dim- 
ity. Tile basket should contain one entire set of clothes, half of the 
diapers, a linen and a flannel roller, two caps, a pincushion, a pot of 
pomatum and one of lard, a cake of white Windsor soap, a large poma- 
tum pot of plain violet or starch powder, a puff, a soft hair brush, and 
on the top of all there should be pl;iced three or four pieces of soft old 
linen, a skein of whitish-brown tliread, and a pair of ordinary scis- 
sors. 

The prejudices the young raotiier acquires in tlie nursing of her 
first baby from the nui-se, are liable to adhere to her through life, and 
may be a source of hurt to others, and an injury to the health of her 
own children. That the young mother should implicitlj^ believe what 
her nurse tells her, is not to be wondered at, as such statements come 
to her with all the potency of tradition, and as the result of incontest- 
able experience. We shall have occasion to refer to some of these 
vulgar errors and prejudices under the article "Nurse," which see. 
Two instances are sufticient for our purpose now. One of these is the 
habit some nurses have of giving the infant, the instant it is taken on 
her lap. a few tea-spoons of warm gin, or rum and toater, sweetened 
with sugar; the other equally objectionable, but more hurtful practice, 
is that of dosing the undressed infant with castor oil. A more glaring 
mistake, or a grosser outrage on an unoffending stomach than either 
practice, cannot be conceived : a poor child, who has hardly drawn 
half an hour's breath, has its tender stomach excessively stimulated by 
spirits and water, or its bowels racked with a drastic purgative. Yet 
how many hundreds of infants are made daily to take their first mor- 
tal taste from spirits or physic! 

The phenomena produced on the infimt's body by its first gasp in 
life, with all that appertains to its existence before and after birth, will 
be explained under the head of "Infant," which see. The first duty 
the new-born child claims at the hands of the nurse is that of wash- 
ing. 

The principal object of attention in performing this operation 
from first to last, is to be tender and quick, and only to turn the child 
when actually necessary; it is the length of time taken up in the pro- 
cess, the rough handling, and repeated changes of posture, that ren- 
ders washing so distasteful to the infant, and calls forth, by shrill 
cries, that noisy protest to the ceremony: the nurse, in her gossiping 
task, ignoring the fact that the infant's skin, full of blood and sensa- 
tion, is the most tender part of its body, and keenly susceptible of her 
often rough hands and the cold air. 



424 Appendix to Medical Department, 

A bath with warm water being placed at her feet, a horse with 
the clothes required before the fire, and near her reach, and the baby- 
basket on the opposite side, the nurse, with a spono^e and white soap,- 
should commence the business of washing, beginning always with the 
head, and absorbing the moisture from the body by gentle pressure 
with a soft, porous towel, instead of rubbing the parts dry. Some- 
times the body is coated with a white tenacious substance, which can 
only be removed by warm lard being first rubbed over it, and after- 
wards washed away. 

As soon as the child is dressed, it should be taken to the mother, 
placed at the breast, and the first substance allowed to enter its mouth 
drawn from the mother. Nature has purposely arranged that the first 
secretion of milk for every child should be adapted to the wants of the 
Infant ; and as the body requires cleansing, and the stomach cannot 
immediately digest the cheese into which the milk is converted, the 
first secretion of milk is purposely thin and poor, possessing aperient 
properties, and almost destitute of those cheesy elements of which, in 
a few days subsequently, it contains so large an amount. The first 
flow of milk is of tlie utmost consequence to the child, and does away 
with any pretense for physic, or the necessity oi feeding. Where, from 
ill health or other causes, the infant cannot be put to the breast imme- 
diately, that plan must be adopted which is laid down in "Bringing 
up by Hand." See " Infant." 

One of the duties the mother should never neglect to see to, is 
that no bandage or string confines either the action of the abdomen or 
chest; for the well-being of the body depends upon the free play of 
the organs contained in those cavities. 

At the same time, the robe and frock should neither be too long 
nor too heavy, so as to press on the child's feet; and as often as possi- 
ble the limbs should be rubbed with the hand, and plenty of air ad- 
mitted to them. The infant cannot too soon be accustomed to regular- 
ity in the times of feeding and sleeping; a child should not be suckled 
oftener — as a general rule — than once in every three or four hours, and 
then rather after rousing from sleep, than just before going to its 
cradle. The child should be put down awake, and allowed to fall 
asleep without rocking or singing to. When awake, it should be tossed 
and moved about as much as possible, or laid on its back on the car- 
pet, and permitted to kick about its legs and work its body as much as 
it pleases. 

The mother should nemr take her infant to bed, or allow it to sleep 
with her, but so arrange the crib or bassinet, that it may be on a level 
with her own side of the bed, so as on waking to be able easily to 
reach, and, when necessary, to suckle her baby, or to take it in her 
arms. But there is nothing a mother should more carefully shun than 
the extremely hurtful practice of falling asleep with the cJiild at her 
breast; the injury to the child from this habit is nearly as dangerous as 
it is to the mother. 

The cause that renders the infant's body so susceptible of cold or 
rough contact makes the stomach and bowels equally sensitive to all 
irritating drugs or hard substances of food; this fact should never be 
lost sight of in administering physic or aliment to very young chil- 
dren. 

On this account, whenever practicable, the mother should take the 
medicine^ and allow it to react through the milk on the child, instead 
of irritating the digestive organs of the infant by powerful purga- 
tives. 



Advice to Mothers, 425 

For the same reason, the appearance of the teeth should guide the 
mother as to the giving of an infant solid food; for till nature sup- 
plies the mouth with teeth, any aliment but a strictly liquid one is 
both hurtful and improper. The first or milk-teeth, as they are called, 
plainly indicate the nature of the food the mother should give her in- 
fant to prepare for its weaning; and not till some of the second set 
begin to show in the gums, should finely cut animal food be offered to 
the child. As aliment is the means by which all the organs and mem- 
bers of the infant are developed from their comparatively embryo 
state, the parent should remember how important it is that the food she 
supplies her offspring should be of the best possible description — espe- 
cially as regards her own milk: to keep this pure, and of the most 
nutritive quality, should be her foremost dutJ^ And as the health and 
strength, the physical and intellectual qualities, as well as the moral 
happiness and longevity of the man or woman, all depend on the care 
and judgment shown by the mother in carrying her child through the 
fit'nt two stages of life, it behooves every parent to know that the best 
means to effect such great results are by abundance of air, cleanli- 
ness, proper exercise, and a sufficiency of good and nutritious food. 

Dress. — The title of this article may to some persons seem out of 
place in a work of this kind ; but in a prophylactic light, and as a 
means to prevent or ward oft' disease, it is eminently applicable. It is 
not, however, our intention to enter deeply into this subject, or, in- 
deed, do more than give a few general directions as to the clothing or 
the dress of children; what we may have to say with regard to their 
mothers will be still more general. 

In a variable climate such as we are subject to in this country, the 
mother cannot begin too early to attend to the equable warmth and 
comfort of her infant's clothing. The foolish and dangerous practice 
that came into vogue with the no-bonnet fashion, of leaving infants' 
heads uncovered, we hope, for the credit, humanity, and good sense of 
our countrywomen, has had its day, and is going out; for a more per- 
nicious, and, as far as the health of the individual is concerned, dan- 
gerous system, was never practised. 

This is not the place to argue the question of a covering for the 
head; but surely the example of five thousand years among all civil- 
ized nations ought to be a sufficient authority for mothers who wish to 
bring up their children in the established rules of health and strength. 
The attempt to rear children born in a populous city, or under all the 
conditions of a high state of civilation, like the infants of an Indian, 
with the idea of making them hardy, is not only absurd, but mischiev- 
ous ; for the hurtful example of one mother leads to the practice of 
many. 

Setting aside the unsightly appearance an Infant makes with its 
uncovered head, on which nature has not yet placed the clothing of 
hair, it is actually injurious to expose the half-revealed brain of an 
infant to the j)erpetual vicissitudes of our climate. Surely the wise 
and stalwart men whom this country has produced within the last 
three hundred years are a sufficient proof that the legitimate fashion 
of caps — whether made of flannel or muslin — cannot have been hurt- 
ful to the intellect or frame of their wearers. 

Xext to the head, which it is a mother's duty to cover, but without 
oppressing, the feet and the stomach of her child should form the 
chief objects of her solicitude. This is a precautionary care which 
will demand the parent's attention from the earliest stage of life, or 
till the adult has the discretion to guard himself from the assaults of 



426 Appendix to Medical Department. 

damp and cold. The importance of keeping the stomach well pro- 
tected, particularly in wet and windy weather, cannot be too much 
insisted on. \i the feet are well covered by woolen socks and thick 
siioes, the stomach and chest enveloped by warm, close-titting clothes, 
and the head lightly covered, all other parts of the bodj'^ may be safelj'' 
left to wind and weather; not that we would advise weak, rickety, or 
delicate children to have any portion of their bodies exposed to the at/- 
mosphere. Such children (and the great number of bowed-legged 
boys and girls to be seen on holiday occasions in our streets, sliows 
how prevalent is this form of debility among the working classes,) 
should have their thin, delicate limbs most carefully protected from 
the cold, and the circulation by every means stimulated to, not repelled^ 
by cold, from their emaciatecl members. Yet how often do we see 
such puny children, with limbs hardly larger in circumference than 
walking-sticks, with exposed legs, bare arms, and such limited latitude 
of skirts, that they hardly suffice for decency, and are totally incapable 
of supplying warmth ! If the motive that induced this species of gos- 
samer costume was based on any valid principle, we could forgive 
the parental vanity so often conspicuous in the fanciful garb of the 
child ; but as no infant of civilized parents was ever benefited or made 
strong by the domestic regime of a savage, we must strongly condemn 
a course that can only tend to swell the bills of mortality. 

As regards women, it may be said of females in general, that they 
are not sutliciently dressed — particularly young and unmarried females 
— safety and comfort being too often sacrificed to fashion, taste, or ap- 
pearance. It is after coming from heated theatres, ball-rooms, and 
such places, that women are so remiss in taking that precaution to 
guard the lungs by a veil, and the chest by a shawl, so absolutely nec- 
essarj'. The observations we have made about the head, feet, stomach 
and chest of children, should be attended to as rigorously by females 
at all periods of life from 17 to 50. 

Infants, Management of. — A child, when born, should be laid, 
for the first montli, upon a thin mattress, which the nurse may some- 
times keep on her knee, that the child may always lie, and only sit up 
as the nurse slants the mattress. Keep it as dry as possible. At the 
end of a montii, the nurse may set it up, and dance it by degrees. 

The clothing should be light, and not much longer than itself, that 
the legs may be readily reached and rubbed, for rubbing takes off 
scurf, and causes thu blood to circulate. Rubbing the ankle-bones and 
inside of the knees will strengthen those parts, and make the child 
stretch its knees, and keep them flat. 

Do not keep a child too long in the arras, lest the legs should be 
cramped, and the toes turned inward. The oftener the posture is 
changed the better. 

During the first fortnight the child should sleep on a bed, except 
when taken up to supply its wants, which will give it early habits of 
cleanliness. It is injurious to be laid always asleep on a person's knee. 

By slow degrees the infant should be accustomed to exercise, 
within doors, and in the open air. It should be canied about, and 
gently dandled in the nurse's arms. Exercising a child in the open air, 
in fine weather, is of the greatest service. 

Endeavor to harden the bod}', but without violent means. A child 
is constitutionally weak and irritable; hence we should try to strength- 
en the child, and diminish this irritabilitv," in order to procure it the 
greatest blessing— a lirm body, which may resist all influence of air 
and weather. The cold bath may be used too much, and bodily exer- 
cise may be too violent. 



Advice to Mothers, 427 

Infants should by imperceptible degrees be inured to the cool, and 
then to the cold bath. If they have been accustooaed to an effeminate 
treatment, and should be suddenly subjected to an opposite extreme, 
such a change would be attended with danger. 

The child's skin is to be kept perfectly clean, by washinof its limbs 
morning and evening; begin with warm water, till, by degrees, it will 
bear, and like, to be washed with cold water. After carefully drying 
the whole body, head, and limbs, another dry soft cloth, a little 
warmed, should be used gently, to take all the damp from the wrinkled 
and fat parts of the body. Apply gentle friction to the body, but do 
not press upon the stomach and bowels. If the skin is chafed, hair 
powder, or violet powder, is to be used, or a thin mixture of fuller's 
earth. For the head, a small soft brush is safer than a comb. It 
should have clean linen, etc., every day. 

Some females in dressing an infant are very rough, and must har- 
ass and fatigue it much. The most tender deliberation should be ob- 
served. Never let the clothes be tight. Never use pins, for they are 
dangerous. The strings must be tied so slack that one might get two 
fingers between. Many instances of idiotism, tits, atid deformity, are 
owing to tight bandages. 

Never expose an infant to open doors or windows, especially in 
winter. The extreme of a summer day should also be avoided. Ex- 
cessive heat or cold will injure an infant. Infants should not be kept 
too near the fire. 

The wisest course in treating infants, is to follow the simple dic- 
tates of nature ; yet some people are so devoid of consideration as to 
give them wine, spirits, spices, sugar, and other things too strong for 
their tender stomachs. The first milk a baby can draw from its 
mother's breast is medicine and nourishment for it, and if she is too 
ill to give it, it is better to let it wait a few hours, than to give it any 
kind of food. But if it is very craving, mix milk with soft boiled 
water, and give it half a tea-spoon at a time, only warm, for the mouth 
cannot bear much heat. Let it swallow one little portion before an- 
other is offered, and raise its head that it may pass the gullet easily. 
Do not overload the stomach, which may greatly disorder the infant, 
and become the foundation of gluttony. 

If a mother cannot suckle tlie child, get a healthy, cheerful wom- 
an, with young milk, who is fond of infants. After the first six 
months, broths, and simple food, may do as well as living wholly upon 
milk. 

If milk cannot be had, a tea-spoon of the yolk of a fresh <^^^^ 
well beaten, and mixed with two table-spoons of soft boiled water, 
will do instead. Three inches square of lean veal, and one inch thick, 
will make soup for a baby for two or three days. Boil only half at 
once, in a pint of soft water, down to two-thirds. Strain. When cold 
take oflf the scum. Warm a little as wanted. A thin gruel also may 
be made from rice flour. 

In the latter part of the first year, pure water may occasionally be 
given. Those parents who accustom their children to drink water 
only, bestow on them a benefit, the value of which will be sensibly 
felt through life. Habits of intemperance, the curse of after life, are 
often laid in infancy. 

Rising early in the morning is good for all children, provided they 
awake of themselves, which they generally do; they ought not to be 
waked out of their sleep. Children, till tlie}^ are two or three years 
old, must never be allowed to walk long enough to be weary. 



428 Appendix to Medical Department. 

In layiiif^ a child to sleep, place it upon the right side oftener than 
on the left, but twice in the tvventv^-four hours it should be changed to 
the left side. Laying it on its back when it awakes, is enough of that 
posture, in which alone it can move its legs and arms with freedom. 
Place the cradle so that the light may come equally on both eyes, to 
prevent squinting. 

Infants cannot sleep too long. Sleep promotes a more calm and 
uniform circulation of the blood, and facilitates assimilation of the 
nutriment received. Mothers and nurses should try to accustom in- 
fants, from the time of their birth, to sleep in the night, preferably to 
the day. 

To awaken children from sleep with a noise, or in an impetuous 
manner, is unwise and hurtful ; also to carry them from a dark room 
immediately into a glaring light, for the sudden impression of light 
debilitates the organs of vision, and lays the foundation of weak eyes 
from infancy. 

Infants are sometimes very restless at night, caused by either cram- 
ming them with too much food, by tight night-clothes, or by being 
overheated with blankets, etc. 

Never give an infant wine, spirits, or any drug, to make it sleep. 
Milk, water, or both mixed, whey, or thin gruel; these are the fittest 
for infants. The more simple and light their diet and drink, the more 
they will thrive. 

A bedroom or nursery ought to be spacious and lofty, dry, airy, 
and not inhabited tlirough the day. Feather beds should be banished 
from nurseries, as tliey are an unnatural and debilitating contrivance. 
The windows should never be opened at night, but left open the whole 
day, in fine clear weather. 

Nurses ought never to conceal any accident befalling a child. All 
violent impressions on the senses and bodies of children should be 
avoided. It is injurious to toss them about rapidly and violently in 
their arms. Loud crying, or shouting in their ears, presenting glitter- 
ing objects to their view, and sudden and too great a degree of light; 
such pi-actices are very injurious. 

A New York physician makes, in the Times, the following sensible 
suggestions concerning the care of infants during hot weather : 

Loose, light, clean clothing, covering the entire body. To be 
changed each day, if possible. No bandages whatever. 

Bathe the infant morning and evening in simple tepid water, and 
dry thoroughly. Use no spirits or washes of nny kind. 

Keep rooms and all bedding clean and well aired. 

Feed a nursing infant on bread and milk only, and not oftener 
than every two or three hours; occasionally a tea-spoon of cool (not 
iced) water, but let no other material whatever pass its lips. It must 
not be nursed more than once between bedtime and rising. Give it 
water by the tea-spoon, if it cries. 

Feed the bottle-fed infant as follows : Boiled fresh cow's milk 
diluted one-third with sweetened barley water. Milk and a little lime 
water. Water occasionally to drink, but not another article of food. 
Especially avoid farina, corn starch, arrow-root, etc. Give the bottle 
once in every two or three hours. 

When the child vomits after taking food, do not give it any more 
for a couple of hours. The fact of its vomiting shows its stomach, for 
some cause, does not tolerate the food; so give it rest, and thus the 
stomach will recover, and at the end of a couple of hours will receive 
and digest the food. 



~- Advice to Mothers, 429 

If the bowels are loose, do the same as above, feeding the child 
spariiifrly, only every three or five hours. Keep it quiet, apply warm 
mustard cloths to its abdomen, and, if feverish, give it a hot bath. 
Give no patent medicines, decoctions, or other remedies. If it does 
not get better in twelve hours, send for a doctor. 

The following article upon the "Treatment of Children," by 
Abrara Livezey, M. D., we take from Peterson's Magazine^ and com- 
mend it to the careful perusal of every mother who cares for the welfare 
of her children. They will be amply repaid for the time thus spent: 

NO. I. — The Use and Abuse of Calomel. — I warn mothers against 
the general use of calomel, given so freely by too many ph3'sicians. 
From the smallness of the dose, its almost tastelessness, the facility 
with which it may be given, it is resorted to in numberless cases, where 
it is not only unnecssary but positively injurious. 

In the bowels of children nature has supplied an abundance of 
mucus to shield those parts, so tender in infant life, and to protect them 
from the effects of irritating substances. A dose or two of calomel, 
however, speedily removes this protection of the bowels in infancy, and, 
when repeated a train of symptoms ensues which endanger the child's 
life, and excite alarm in the maternal bosom. Its strength is suddenly 
gone; " its legs and arms hang helplessly down ; it is peevish and fret- 
ful; the face assumes a pinched expression;'' one cheek is oftimes 
flushed, the other pale (and the mother thinks it has worm fever ;) the 
abdomen is very hot to the hand ; there is drjniessof the lips, from the 
irritative fever induced by the action of the calomel; the nose is 
deprived of its natural moisture, becomes also dry, and itches, and 
the child thus picks both, and the mother is sure, from this sjmiptoni 
of irritation, that the child has worms, and the doctor too often coincides, 
and more purgative medicines is given to free the little suffering 
patient from imaginary parasites! If the child be of a very vigorous 
constitution, it may triumph over both the disease and the folly of the 
doctor; but if, on the contrary, it be feeble, it will lie with its little 
attenuated limbs stretched out, indifferent to all around it, until death 
closes the scene. 

Children w^ho have been over-dosed with calomel have always a 
tedious convalescence, and exhibit an old look, in consequence ot'the 
rapid absorption of fat. 

Lest in my strictures in the use of calomel, some of my medical 
readers should mentally charge me with eclecticism, I will quote a few 
paragraphs from Dr. Beck, against whom no such chaiges can be 
made: 

" When salivation does take place in the child, its effects are most 
disastrous. Sloughing of the gums and cheeks, general prostration, 
and death, are by no means uncommon occurrences." 

"In bowel complaints, under the idea of altering the secretions, it 
has frequently helped to keep up the very intestinal irritation which it 
was given to correct." 

" It ought to be a rule laid down, and rigidly followed, that in very 
young children, mercury ought never to be used as a cathartic, unless 
there is a special reason for resorting to it." 

"Let mothers, then, who prize the health and well-being of their 
children (and what mother does not?) beware of these little white or 
gray powders, too frequently prescribed by the family physician, who 
often does so out of regard to the taste of the child." 

In its place, castor oil, or the rhubarb and lime-water mixture, is 
best adapted to bowel disorders of infantsand children; and Husband's 



430 Appendix to Medical Department. 

magnesia alone, or with half the quantity of rhubarb, or an infusion of 
senna leaves, with some one of the aromatics as ginger, annise, fennel, 
will answer every good purpose when their little stomachs are clogged, 
livers torpid, as indicated by coated tongue, etc. No medicine, says 
Professor Gross, acts so well upon the whole secretary system as 
senna. 

NO. II.— Use and Abuse of Blisters.— Opium, tartar emetic and 
mercury, like the fabled weird sisters, Clotho, Lacheis and Atropos 
work in harmony together to abbreviate the span of infantile existence; 
and when they fail to cure(!) or remedy " remediable ills," another 
lethiferous agent is brought into play to tinlsh the work, so badly car- 
ried on from its inception. This is the fly-hlister — cerat, canthar, — as 
it usually appears on the prescription paper, of the action of which, and 
its effect upon j^oung children, every mother should be informed. 

As the skin, in infancy, is more delicate in structure, possesses greater 
vascularity, and a much higher degree of sensibility, it is at once 
apparent that blisters must not only produce their specific effects in a 
shorter time than they do in the adult, but the inflanunation resulting 
from their action is also much greater in the young subject, and are 
much more apt to be followed by injurious consequences from the 
resulting inflammation, such as deep, rodent ulceration, gangrene, and 
even death. Melancholy instances of this character, quite too numer- 
ous, can be found on medical record. 

Dr. Ryan says: "I have seen a blister on the chest followed by 
sloughing, and an aperture form over the epigastrium, which exposed 
the viscera beneath." 

The late Professor Chapman, of this city, wrote, that in children a 
blister " sometimes induces gangrene, as I have witnessed in two or 
three instances." 

Fortunate, indeed, is the physician who, in a practice of twenty- 
five years, has not seen many such cases in his own practice, or that of 
his professional brethren. Recently I was called to a babe of a few 
months old, abandoned by the family physician as hopeless, upon 
whose little breast I found a partially ulcerated and inflamed surface 
four inches square, the result of a fly-bhster ordered to be left on six 
hours by an " aged and experienced" physician, a day or two previous. 
The infant died, of course, not from the catarrh, but from gangrene, 
which utterly destroyed the intercostal muscles between the first and 
second, and second and third ribs, on either side of the stei'num. 

When blisters are ordered by the familj^^ physician, the mother 
should entrust its action to none, but have a personal, watchful care 
over it, raising the plaster at no distant intervals, and observing the 
condition of the skin, and remove it as soon as the surface appears 
uniformly reddened, and then apply a soft, moist poultice of bread and 
milk. Thus will be effected vesication in a few hours, and all the good 
that can possibly be derived from the blister, and the possible injurious 
consequences generally avoided. 

Do not allow a blister to remain on a child six, four, or even two 
hours, though so ordered by "' age and experience," without the above 
precautionary measures. 

In two or three hours after the application of the poultice, the 
serum will be ready, generally, to discharge, and then a thick layer of 
finely corded cotton should be applied, to absorb the continued dis- 
charge. In two days under ordinary circumstances, a new cuticle will 
be formed, the old come off with the cotton, and the blistered surface 
cured. Space will permit for only one more caution in reference to 



Advice to Mothers. 



431 



the application of this powerful agent; and that is, when the skin is in 
a morbid or preternaturally injected and excited stale, as in the case of 
measles and scarlatina, ulceration and gangrene are by no means 
unusual sequences of blisters. 

Professor Dunglinson leaves behind him the recorded fact that he 
has seen "several cases of death manifestly caused by the use of blis- 
ters in scarlatina and measles." This siiould be received as precaution- 
ary advice by the j^oung practitioner, and even if the experienced and 
aged one is so unmindful of the dangers of their improper or injudi- 
cious use, mothers should exercise a respectful but lirm stand as the 
natural protector of their children, against the "use and abuse of 
blisters." 

NO. III.— Irritation— Gfeneral.— Of all subjects connected with 
this department, and of all the duties whicli devolve upon the mother 
as a watchful guardian of the health and well-being of her children, 
there is no one more important, and none that will reward her more to 
study, than that of irritation ; for, with a knowledge of its source and 
results, slie will be able to guard against the causes, remove the effects 
and very often, by timely and simple ministration, relieve many dis- 
eases of infancy and childhood. 

Irritation is a disordered state of the nerves of the part affected, 
with more or less pain and functional disturbance; a state in which 
the predominant symptom is nervous derangement, which is neither 
accompanied by, nor results from inflammation. The influence of 
irritation, as a cause of disease, is wide spread, and a knowledge of its 
eflects will guide the mother, not only in the detection of disease, but 
enable her wii-ely to remove or combat it. She will thus learn that 
most diseases of infants proceed from irritation of a higher or lower 
degree, and not from inflammation, a fact that is too often overlooked 
by medical men, who, through fear of this hugheai\ resort to leeching, 
blistering, mercurials and anumonials, to prevent or subdue it, to the 
great injury of the little patient. For if a disease proceeding from 
irritation be treated as an inflammatory one, the case will be greatly 
aggravated. 

It is a great physiological fact, and mothers should be aware of it, 
that every organ of the body is Kable to derangement in its function 
from the influence of irritation; and that such deranged action may 
occur directly or indirectly, from sympathy with other parts, organs, 
or functions of them in an unnatural state of excitement or irritation. 
To illustrate the foregoing observations, I will specify some of the 
sources and eflects in and upon children. The function of the brain 
may, for a time, be more or less paralized, assuming all the symptoms 
of stupor or apoplexy, in consequence of the pain attendant upon 
teething, or from the irritating effects of undigested or crude food in 
the stomach. From similar exciting causes, as well as from worms in 
the alimentary canal, will convulsions often ensue. Even external 
impressions of a powerful kind, will exert similar effects, and produce 
convulsions as the following cases, related by Surgeon Hood, clearly 
proves. The christening of the first son of a nobleman was to be cele- 
brated with great porap at night, at which time the apartments were 
lighted with the utmost brilliancy. The moment the infant duke was 
brought into the drawing room, the sudden glare of the strong light 
caused almost instantaneous convulsions, from which the child never 
recovered. 

A married lady, very highly connected, was to inherit a very large 
estate provided she had a son. Consequently, when her first son was 



432 Appendix to Medical Department, 

born, there was great rejoicing at his christening, and a bishop was 
invited to perform the cereniouy. When he arrived, tlie servants 
knocked so loudly at the roorn-dobr that the child was frightened into 
convulsions, and died soon after. 

NO, IV. — Irritation — Special. — Having spoken somewhat in gen- 
eral terms of the influence of irritation upon the young cliild, I will 
now point out some of the special eflects arising from the same source. 

Flatulency is directly a cause of much pain and discomfort to the 
babe, and indirectly produces palpitation of the heart, whilst derange- 
ment of the stomach and liver, especially if attended with acidity, will 
not only produce the same ettects, but, in addition, give rise to acute 
pain in the region of the heart. Cold is also a most common cause of 
irritatation, not only causing pain and distress in the bowels, but more 
frequently acting upon and deranging the functions of the lungs and 
air passages. 

Who has not noticed how remarkably have children, when prop- 
erly clothed, escaped entirely the ordinary affectations of the chest 
during the first year or two of their existence, proving conclusively 
that judicious clothing becomes really a prophylactic against catarrh, 
as the converse has always been observed where diseases of these organs 
constantly abound. 

Mothers should remember that even if the infant with bare arms, 
chest and legs, should escape from catarrh before the period of teeth- 
ing, it will be fearfully in danger when this irritative process com- 
mences, as it seems to deprive the lungs of their previous power of 
resisting the effects of colds. — Hood. 

Every mother knows, (and yet how often she overlooks the fact,) 
that teething will so affect the digestive powers as to cause sickness 
and loss of appetite; and the excitement increasing, and the irritation, 
extending, will sometimes produce quite a severe purging. 

So susceptible is the nervous organizations of the infant, that this 
natural tenderness of early life renders them liable to powerful im- 
pressions from slight causes of irritation. 

After the age of three years, such diseases as arise chiefly from 
irritation become less common, and sudden attacks more rare. Now, 
also, the brain is more frequently {i<ttacked or suffers more from in- 
creased nervous excitement instead of the lungs or organs of respiration, 
as was the case in tlie earlier stages. 

Many parents manifest a desire to make their children smart or 
precocious at this early period, and they resort to means to effect this, 
that frequently excite ihe brain in a forcible and unnatural manner, 
and cause functional derangement of that important organ. Such 
precocious children are generally of a nervous temperament, their 
muscular system imperfectly developed, and a too rapid growth of the 
body induces debility and languor in the circulation, and consequently 
an insufficient supply of blood to the brain. 

Finally, mothers should ever remember, that the confined air of 
the bedchamber predisposes to irritation of the throat and lungs. 
Hence the suddeness and frequency of attacks of spasmodic croup, and 
other irritations in the respiratory organs during the night, when the 
child lias been put to bed in apparent health. 

Well ventilated rooms are of the first importance to children as well 
as adults, during dentition especially ; and the good effects of such rooms 
cannot be too highly appreciated by both clases. " Infantile physiog- 
nomy," etc., or what can be learned from the study of the expression 
of the face, and its general movements, are interesting and important 



Advice to Mothers. 433 

topics to the careful and conscientious mother, who desires to discharge 
her whole duty to her oflfspring ; and tliis study will next engage our 
attention. 

NO. v.— Infantile Physiognomy.— This is a subject not only of 
paramount importance for medical men to study, but equally so to 
mothers; for from the expression of a child's face a certain kind of 
information is to be derived that cannot possibly be learned from any 
other source. 

For instance if there is a look of or an appearance of heaviness 
about the eyes, with pallid features; if the child rolls its head, and 
cries out frequently, it most probably suffers from pain in the head ; 
or if it scowls or frowns at the introduction of light, and seems to dis- 
like it, there is good cause to believe that there is more or less difficulty 
in the freedom of circulation of blood iu the brain. 

If the muscles of the face and forehead become contracted, giving 
the features a 'pinched appearance, with an occasional bluish tinge on 
the upper lip, and about the angles of the mouth, which appears also 
puckered; if, with these appearances, there is conjoined a drawing up 
of the child's legs, and the child screams or cries "by spells," it is 
probably griped, and is suffering from flatulency, (wind colic,) as well 
as from an excess of acidity in the stomach and bowels. 

During the process of teething, if the lips, mouth, and tongue be- 
come dry, with a cessation of the usual flow of saliva, irritation with 
pain in the gums, is then indicated, and should receive attention. 

Sometimes a child is noticed to grow pale, the flesh becomes very 
soft, blue veins manifest themselves in an especial degree on ttie fore- 
head, and a general lacking of that natural animation so peculiar to 
children ensues — symtoms which indicate a deficiency of red globules 
in the child's blood, or, in other words, the blood contains more serum 
than is compatible with health. Such delicate little children are apt to 
be attacked with laryngisms stridulus, a form of spasmodic croup, or 
crowing respiration, that sometimes causes sudden death. 

The eye of a child is a good index of the state of the brain. The 
brain is considered to be suffering from irritation if the pupil contracts 
on exposure to light; but if the pupil is dilated, and exposure to light 
has no influence upon it. we conclude that there is congestion of the 
brain, from some cause, generally from imperfect circulation of blood 
through that organ, or from eft'usion through the ventricles. 

The pulse is a too uncertain guide, except to those of enlarged ex- 
perience and observation, to be of any benefit to the mother, and we 
consequently pass it by. 

The skin, both as to its texture and color, is a much better guide, 
and can be profitably studied by the mother. For instance, if it be 
steadily harsh and dry, she may be concerned that theie is some source 
of irritation or derangement exisitingin some vital or important organ, 
as the stomach, liver, or bowelsf whilst if the skin be of a dirty white, 
the liver does not secrete and discharge the bile through its proper ducts 
into the alimentary canal. 

There is another appearance of the skin, denominated by some 
authors as "pasty," or bluish-white color, that is seen in children of 
unhealthy condition, with most of the secretions of the body deranged, 
and, consequently, the blood becomes impoverished and unhealthy 
also. 

Mothers can readily acquaint themselves with some of the most 
prominent symptoms of disorder in their children, and thus justly 
judge better whether they should summon medical aid. 

19 



43 'r Appendix to Medical Department 

NO. VI.— Infantile Prognosis.— The mother need not be alarmed, 

generally, if her child be " fractious and cross," even though it be 
apparently quite ill, for in nearly all such cases, but little danger is to 
be a])prehendeU. 

Crying also need never excite alarm, unless for a long time, and 
unaccountably continued; for children, however ill they may seem to 
be, if disposed to cry, will seldom succumb to the exisiting malady. 
Cryinjf, in fact, is the infant's language; and when this is absent for 
a length of time, there is more occasion for uneasiness, and more danger 
to be apprehended, than when present even to an intense degree. 

Yet it is p )ssible for a prolonged fit of crying, in a healthy child, 
to produce a state resembling congestion of the lungs, as it is manifested 
by the ttirning of the face to a pale color, the breathing becomes short 
and (juicU, and is attended with great restlessness — a state which con- 
tinues until the circulation is restored to its wonted tranquilit.y. 

The position of a child is an important diagnostic of its condition, 
by the observance of which the mother can satisfy herself that there 
is, or is not, danger brewing to her child. For instance, even though 
the child be thought, in her tits of fear, to be alarmingly ill, yet if it 
reposes upon its side, the arms easily bent, (perhaps the head resting 
upon one of them,) with the thighs drawn up toward the abdomen, 
she may safely conclude, " there is no danger to be apprehended to 
my darling babe;" but if it is observed to lie upon its back continuously, 
its legs strecthed out, its arms extended, and fingers clenching the 
thumbs in the palms, together with more or less rigidity of the muscles 
of the body, then, surely, in all such cases, there is much reason for 
serious apprehension on account of the presence of powerful irritating 
causes existing somewhere in its system, and a medical attendant 
should be summoned without delay. Lastly, when a state of apathj-^ or 
indifference to all external things or impressions is manifested by the 
child, owing to exhaustion, or any other cause, the mother may justly 
have cau?!e for serious apprehension; for such a state, or condition, 
clearly indicates that the vital powers are giving way — that the strength 
of the little patient is gradually, but surely, sinking; that probably 
there is a commencing efi'usion within the ventricles of the brain, from 
a languor of circulation through it, or from " the blood being of so 
watery a consistence as to fail in comniunicaling that degree of stimu- 
lus wiiich, in its healthy state, it never fails to impart." 

Hence it should ever be borne in mind that morbid irritation exerts 
a powerful influence over the diseases of children, and the strength of 
the child should not be so generally prostrated at the onset of disease, 
by the use of exhausting remedies. Children are very tenacious of life, 
and in trying to eftect too much in too short a time, we often err; and 
too many sink under this *' bold practice.'' 1l\\q vis inedicatrix naturae 
or healing power of nature, is very great in children; and this power 
t^hould be carefully fostered and aided by remedial measures, simple in 
their character. 

There is no question but many "children die from officiousness 
of the physician," (Dunglinson,) whilst ^' many triumph over both the 
disease' and folly of the (^iOoXox:"— Mitchell. 

No. VII.— Teetliing.— By the Registrar's report, one-eighth of the 
whole number of deaths in England, occurs durino- the second year of 
existence — a mortality very nearly equal to that of all the deaths oc- 
curring between the ages often and twenty-nine years. 

The cause of tiiis great mortality is believed to arise from the fact, 
that during this period children cut the greatest number of teeth, and 



Advice to Mothers. 435 

are, in consequence thereof, most susceptible to impressions of an 
irritating character; and pain and irritation incident to this period, 
most readily induces functional derangement of every organ of the 
body. That " teething gives rise to more of the maladies to which in- 
fants are subject than any other known cause," is a truth, the impor- 
tance of which, to the mother, cannot be over-estimated. And this 
cause, most unfortunately for the well-being of the infantile race, is too 
frequently overlooked by her and physicians generally; for the dis- 
turbance of the functions of the brain, organs of respiration, stomach, 
and bowels, arising from dentition, is often so great, and the symptoms 
so prominent, that the exciting cause (teething) is entirely overlooked. 

The forming tooth, pressing upon the dental nerve below and the 
distended, sensitive gum above, induces pain and nervous irritation, 
which causes the heart to beat with greater violence and rapidity, and 
consequently, more blood than is consistent with their healthy func- 
tions, is propelled into those organs, and mischief results from unequal 
distribution of blood, more or less local congestion, and imperfect oxy- 
genation. 

Less danger results when the irritation of teething affects the 
bowels, as a moderate purging usually affords some relief , though often 
of a temporary character, to the child's sufferings. 

If the diarrhea continues, however, the circulation soon becomes 
languid, from a diminished supply of blood, as the unnatural discharge 
of liuids from the body lessens tlie amount of the circulating fluid, and 
the child soon becomes either peevish and fretful, or listless and lan- 
guid, with an inclination to sleep, and manifests most clearly an im- 
poverished condition of the blood, namely, a deficiency of red globules 
in it. 

The lively sympathy existing between teething and the brain, is 
ver}' frequently productive of convulsions; and long continued irrita- 
tion in the gums should never be allowed to exist. When a child has 
once had convulsions during teething, it is rendered more prone to 
them, and hence the mother should be carefully watchful in the future, 
and have the swollen gums freely lanced whenever the child manifests 
any evidence of suffering from the impinging tooth. If this caution 
is attentively observed, the dreaded attack can nearly always be ward- 
ed oft'. 

The sympathy between "teething" and the windpipe is also re- 
markable, particularly in children whose nervous organizations are 
delicate; though the robust as well as the pale and weakly are not ex- 
empt from these sudden attacks of spasms indicated by a crowing^ 
croupy respiration. These sudden seizures of interruption to normal 
breathing are very alarming co the young mother especially, as the 
child struggles for breath, its face becomes livid, and when the spasm 
subsides, it looks much paler than usual. In all such cases the mother, 
Instead of resorting to such nauseants as hive sj-rup, tincture of ^obelia, 
antimonial wine, etc., should carefully examine the condition of the 
gums, and the cause will there be generally found, and the means of 
cure are lancing the tumid gum. 

Its Sympathies. — The sympathetic irritations arising from the 
growing tooth pressing upon the large nerve beneath, and the sensi- 
tive filaments in the swollen gum, are many and important, and should 
be well understood by mothers. 

It was observed in the previous remarks, that teethinj^ was a com- 
mon exciting cause of disturbance in the functions of respiration. 
This arises from the fact, that pain and irritation, especially in the 



436 Appendix to Medical Department. ""'' 

youni? subject, produce a rapidity in the circulation, which causes a 
hurried breathing, and in time leads to the production of symptoms 
resembling those of inflammation of the bronchi or of tiie lungs. 

In these cases the face becomes hot and flushed; the head suffers 
from the impure blood sent by the brain, and convulsions may ensue. 
No\v if the physician who is called, misjudges this case from non- 
familiarity witli diseases of children, and supposes it to be a true in- 
flammatory action going on within the chest, and gives the child a 
sharp purge of calomel, and advises antimonials, he will do the child 
incalcu ible injury, as will be evidenced the next day by its pale and 
exhausted appearance. And all the above symptoms, in a severe form, 
will return the following night, when the physician will again be 
called, and most probably follow up an erroneous, treatment by blis- 
tering the chest, etc. The fate of this child is easily foretold, unless, 
indeed, it be possessed of a very vigorous constitution. But one ex- 
l)erienced in the maladies of children will always examine the mouth 
of these cases, and find some one or more of the larger teeth pressing 
stro igly against the gums, which he will lance freely, order a warm 
batli, p 'rhaps, and some simple carminative aperient, and find the 
child quite well the following day. 

A. rattling of mucus in the throat of a healthy child sometimes 
needlessly alarms the over-anxious mother, for it is unattended with 
any disturbance to respiration, it will soon pass away under the use 
of a half to one grain of ipecacuanha, (or an equivalent dose of its 
S3^rup,) at bed-time, for a few nights. Catching of the breath and 
great irregularity in breathing, are other symptoms frequently occur- 
ring during dentition, and are indications that the gums require lanc- 
ing. 

Irritation attending teething, in numerous instances, causes the 
child to become feeble, and its nuiscles flabby, and sometimes even die 
suddenly, through spasms of the glottis. In other cases the digestion 
becomes impaired, the stomach is distended, bowels deranged, the 
sleep disturbed and unrefreshing, and the child becomes peevish and 
fretful. A cough is not unfrequently present; the child's lips, and 
also the nose, are dry, which it inclines to pick; and the mother is in- 
duced to believe that worms are the cause of the trouble. Yet such 
conditions are seldom seen after the period of dentition has passed. 

When the diarrhea, which occurs during teething in robust chil- 
dren, is of a mild character, it is more or less beneficial, as nature thus 
endeavors to remove the irritation existing in the system of the child. 
But if the child is of a delicate habit, its face grows pale, and its flesh 
flabby, the diarrhea becomes exhausting and dangerous, and convul- 
sions, resulting from debility, are liable to ensue. 

In these and the preceding cases the usual carminatives, spiced 
rhubarb, chalk mixtures, etc., fail to afford relief. But if the gums are 
scarified, little difficulty will be found in controlling this form of illness 
by the administration of a few drops of paregoric, half a tea-spoon of 
syrup of poppies mixed with a tea-spoon of the compound infusion of 
roses — a similar dose two or three times daily. The child should have 
calves' foot jelly, to which should be added a little isinglass and good 
l)ort wine. 

When children are cutting teeth they should have the benefit of 
pure air, and more especially should this be attended to when fever 
occurs as the result of irritation from this cause. The room should be 
well ventilated, bed-curtains dispensed with, and the covering of the 
child, when confined to its couch, should be as light as is consistent 



Advice to Mothers. 437 

with moderate warmth merely. Children who have passed through 
the more alarming stages of dentition, or some disease daring this 
period, are frequently met with, who still seem to waste, to lose 
strength, and manifest great disinclination to take food. In these 
cases it becomes a nice question to determine whether purgative medi- 
cine should be administered. This point can safely be determined by 
discending the lips, and, though the tongue may appear clean, if the 
cavity of the mouth is found lined with adhesive, thick saliva, present- 
ing the appearance of a gummy exudation, laxatives are clearly in- 
dicated. 

In such cases rhubarb and magnesia (Husband's) can be advan- 
tageously administered, and the child will soon be more disposed to 
partake of nourishment. In the next place, where the tongue is clean, 
there is no medicine comparable with the aromatic sulphuric acid, in 
small doses, twice a day, to remove the debility, or restore the strength, 
and hasten convalescence. 

Eczema, or clusters of vesicles, with burning heat and porrigo, or 
scald-head, attended with or without enlargement of the submaxillary 
glands, (swelling beneath the under jaw), often arise during dentition, 
and are obstinate affections. Attention to the gums, an occasional dose 
of rhubarb and magnesia, elder ointment, or dilute citrine ointment, 
will soon remove the cutaneous eruption ; and an emetic of ipecac, at 
least twice a week, will generally soon cause an absorption of the 
glandular difficulty. Sometimes a little of the ointment of iodide of 
potassium is required to be rubbed around the svv^elling; and in cases 
of debility, it is well to administer the elixir of vitriol, or compound 
syrup of phosphates. 

Very much more should be said in reference to the sympathies of 
dentition, to do the subject full justice; but these hints must suffice, 
with the addition of a few words in reference to a prejudice existing in 
the minds of some mothers against scarifying the gums. A popular 
error is, that if the cut gum heals before the tooth advances through 
it, a hard cicatrix is formed OA'er it, which adds greater difficulty to 
subsequent protrusion. This is a fallacy, as the anatomy of the parts 
and daily experience declare ; for the gums are of a spongy nature, 
very unlike muscular fibre, being soft and plentifully supplied with 
blood-vessels; and it matters not iiow often the lance is used, no in- 
creased hardness is ever observed. The other popular notion that the 
gums should never be lanced until the teeth are near the surface, is 
equally fallacious, since the necessity and urgency of the operation are 
frequently as imperative when the teeth are deep-seated, because the 
capsules in which the teeth are inclosed become congested with blood, 
producing pressure on delicate nerves in contact with the advancing 
teeth, and thus occasioning the most severe pain. The free flow of 
dark, grumous blood, with the great relief afforded by it, is sufficient 
argument in favor of the remedy, 

I have never known any injurious effects to arise from lancing the 
gums, but the cases are numerous, indeed, in which the most fatal con- 
sequences have resulted from neglect of this safe and simple act. Nay, 
ii is sometimes necessary to scarify the gums when the points of the 
teeth, especially the canine and some of the molars, appear through the 
gum ; for these sharp points become very broad towards the base, and 
the spaces in which the eye-teeth appear are often contracted by the 
teeth on either side, and they are, in consequence, cut with much more 
pain and difficulty. 

Squinting, convulsions, water on the brain, and various spasmodic 



43 S Appendix to Medical Department. 

affections, and even the sudden loss of the power of walking, are 
among the serious products of a neglect of a timely free incision of the 
gums. 

No. Tin.— Conyulsions— Their Cause.— Children of highly nerv- 
ous temperaments, and who are consequently easily excited, are more 
prone to convulsions than those of a more phlegmatic temperament. 

Painful dentition, producing continued irritation, is the most fre- 
quent exciting cause of convulsions in children, as is proved from the 
fact, that after the first set of teeth is cut, they are observed to happen 
much less frequently. Such prolonged irritation, in the first place, 
causes impairment of the powers of the stomach, and offensive secre- 
tions, in consequence, gradually accumulate in the bowels. And from 
imperfect digestion at this early age, a copious deposit of lithic (red) 
acid will sometimes be observed in the urine of the child by the mother, 
which she should bear in mind is often a premonitory symptom of 
convulsions, with a tendency to effusion of water within the brain. 

The necessity of attending to the child's gums, and removing these 
morbid secretions, as measures for preventing convulsions, cannot be 
too often enforced upon the minds of mothers. 

Convulsions in veiy young children, long before the period of 
dentition, mny arise from the milk of the mother being of an unhealthy 
quality, rendered so by her habits of life, and unsuited to the delicate 
stomach of the infant. This is particularly liable to be the case in 
motheis of highly nervous temperaments with active and anxious 
minds, interested in their husband's affairs, speculations, etc. 

Convulsions are also met with in weakly, debilitated children, 
with pale countenances, transparent skin, languid circulation, and the 
blood evidently deficient in red particles. In these cases, the brain 
suffers from deficincy of nervous energy, and the vital powers soon 
become of such low order, that very slight causes of irritation are suffi- 
cient in themselves to bring on an attack of convulsions. 

When offensive secretions or indigestible matters are retained in 
the bowels; or when the stomach is surcharged with rich pastry, nuts, 
cheese, unripe fruits, etc., the brain is very apt to become sympathet- 
ically affected, and convulsions are liable to supervene. In the former 
case the symptoms are heaviness of the eyes, drowsiness, more or less 
irritative fever, and a characteristic blueness of the tongue. An active 
cathartic is here demanded, and is nearly all that is necessary to remove 
this state of oppression. In the latter cases, nothing is comparable to 
an emetic of ipecac to remove the contents of the stomach, and thus 
free the brain from sympathetic oppression. 

Another cause of convulsions arises from the injudicious use of ex- 
ternal applications alone, for the hasty cure of cutaneous diseases that 
have long existed ; and if the disease affects the scalp, the repellent 
action of ointments, applied not unfrequently, gives rise to inflamma- 
tion of the brain, and consequent effusion. 

Mothers should not take counsel of old nurses and uneducated 
" doctoiesses," in respect to infallible cures for various eruptions of 
the skin, which are to be applied locally, without suitable constitu- 
tional treatment being conjoined, of which this class of persons are 
ignorant. Worms, as a cause of convulsions, will be found under its 
proper head 

THE ^'URSE. — The importance of the individual who forms the 
heading of this article, in a medical and social sense, would be suffi- 
cient excuse for introducing the subject in so domestic a work as the 
present ; but having in more than one place already promised some 



Advice to Mothers. 439 

special observations on a matter of such interest to the mother of a 
family and the mistress of a household, we are, in a measure, commit- 
ted to" the duty now before us, which, in its proper place, will be fol- 
lowed and supplemented by tlie sick-room, and l»ow to manage it. 

To take the class generally, nurses may be divided into four orders, 
each having special ditferences from the other. Thus, there is the 
Common or Sick Nurse, the Monthly Nurse, the Wet Nurse, and the 
Nurse of the Nursery. However important a personage tlie individual 
of the latter order maybe, or however responsible her moral duties as 
the deputy guardian of infancy and childliood, we shall leave her 
order out of the pale of our remarks, and confine ourselves exclusively 
to those whose members have the physical care of the old and young. 

The Common, or Sick Nurse. — The following requisites of a good 
nurse, though given under the order of the sick nurse, are equally ap- 
plicable to each of the others. In the first place, it is an absolute re- 
quisite that the nurse should possess good health, present and general, 
not subject to fits, bad legs, headaches, dropsiness, or hysterical at- 
tacks; that she should be strong, active, not younger than thirty or 
older than fitty, fifty-five at the utmost. Before thirty she cannot be 
expected to possess that firmness of character so necessary in a person 
undertaking such responsibilities as her duties impose, or manifest that 
prudence and discrimination she is so often called upon to evince; 
while after fifty she will neither have the strength and alacrity of body 
so requisite in a nurse, nor that tranquility of mind and equanimity of 
temper which should form the highest attributes of the truly profes- 
sional nurse. There are two other physical imperfections the nurse 
should be free from; viz., she should not be lame or hard of hearing; 
deafness is, perhaps, one of the greatest drawbacks a nurse could pos- 
sess. Not alone would such an affliction prevent her hearing the mur- 
murs or faint solicitations of her patient, but, wliat would be of still 
more consequence, she might misunderstand the directions given her 
by the physician, or the purport of the patient's wishes. 

The nurse should not be too tall or too short, and, more than all, 
she should not be fat or too bulky in person. If very tall, her height 
may become a source of annoyance and even antipathy to the patient, 
irritating his mind by the omnipresence of her figure; if too short, the 
nurse will be unable to reach over her patient, and perform many 
offices with facility and despatch, which a taller frame and longer 
arms would have enabled her to execute with ease and comfort; and, 
lastly, if fat, she will be heavy, slow, and in all probability prone to 
drowsiness and deep sleep. 

A nurse should possess that happy medium of stature known as 
the middle height; be of sufficient strength to lift her patient without 
risk or exhaustion; of a pleasing, cheerful countenance; quick but 
careful in her actions, and light and noiseless in her tread; and lastly, 
as regards her physical requisites, her hands should be soft and pleas- 
ant to the feel. 

The moral requisites of the nurse, though not so numerous, are no 
less imperative than those of her person. Her disposition should be 
naturally cheerful; her temper kind, but firm; her self-control endur- 
ing, butuns-iaken; and her patience without reproach, to enable her 
to bear, with an unruffled temper, the captiousness of sickness and the 
irritable exactions of the convalescent; for the nurse who forgets the 
discontent and fretfulness thatsuftering and disease so often calls forth, 
and, losing her prudence, enters into contentious strife with her patient, 
is unfit to be trusted for an hour in the room of the afflicted. The face 



44^ Appetidix to Medical Department. 

of the nurse should be a reflection of her mind, — contented and pleas- 
ant, and neither gloomy nor repulsive; her voice should be lovv and 
gentle, but tirni. Besides these qualities, she must be tolerably educa- 
ted and fully able to read, without hesitation, all the directions ac- 
companying- the medicine entrusted to her for the patient. She must 
be able to bear fatigue without distress, and be prepared to sacrifice 
her rest when the watchfulness and pain of the invalid demands her 
vigilance. 

The dress of the nurse, especially in long and severe indispositions, 
is a matter also of some importance, and should never be of a dark or 
feombre color, but of some light and cheerful material, while tidiness 
and cleanliness in dresa and person are indispensable requisites in the 
female who undertakes the duties of a general or sick nurse. It must 
not be supposed, because we have been particular In enumerating all 
the qualities, moral and physical, which a nurse should possess, that we 
have overlaid the figure with unattainable virtues, or are in any degree 
fastidious in our estimate of the average qualifications of the class to 
whicli we refer; on the contrary, a large experience and close obser- 
vation of the subject has impressed on our mind the vast importance 
of good nursing in the successful treatment of a long or dangerous 
sickness; and that, in very many cases, after the turning of a certain 
point in the disease, the final recovery of the patient is far more in the 
hands of the nurse than dependent on the skill of the physician. The 
doctor may advise and suggest the general plan of personal attendance, 
and lay down special dietetic rules for her guidance; but it depends 
upon the willingness of the nurse to obey his orders, and to her watch- 
fulness, solicitude, tenderness of manner, and equable temper, whether 
those means and remedies will work beneficially for the patient's 
bodily and mental recovery. We feel, therefore, confident that not an 
item of personal qualification set down in the above requisites for a 
nurse is uncalled for, hypercritical, or could with justice to the patient 
be dispensed with. 

There is hardly any vice or moral obliquity in the character of a 
nurse that might not be endured with impunity, rather than the self- 
opinionated cnptiousness which some inflated nurses assume. The in- 
jury such self-conceited women do to the patient, the medical man, and 
the happiness of a family, is sometimes excessive. They submissively 
receive all the directions given them by the physician, with voluble 
promises to follow his instructions; but no sooner has he departed, and 
they are called upon to execute his orders, than they begin to talk about 
the experience they have had in precisely the same case, and under the 
great Doctor So-and-So, and the Jtead physician of such an institution; 
but " she never knowed it so treated before, and it went agin all her 
experience to worret the poor dear patient in sich a way." The pa- 
tient, attracted by the half-muttered censure of the nurse and the re- 
luctant performance of her duties, becomes dissatisfied with the treat- 
ment pursued, and, as a natural result of the state of his mind, the 
remedies pro uce no beneficial effect. The friends, taking the talkative 
nurse at her own estimate, lose confidence in the physician they have 
consulted, and request him to call in further advice, resolved never to 
trust him again with tiie life of a friend; while the medical man, whose 
practice is censured because the nurse thinks she has seen the same 
disease difterently treated, is injured in credit, if not professionally 
ruined, by the opinionated arrogance of an ignorant and conceited 
woman, who, instead of being his humble assistant, becomes his enemy 
and traducer. 



Advice to Mothers. 441 

Of late years, and through the noble example of Miss Nightingale, 
— than whom no one better imderstjmds the requisites and benefits of 
good nuising, — schools have been established where females of a proper 
age and disposition are duly instructed in all the branches of their re- 
sponsible duties, and, under a kind of diploma of efficiency, are sent 
forth to the public as professional nurses. Such a certificate is a re- 
commendation that ought to cancel every word we have 'said on the 
matter; but for the thousands who require nurses, beyond the power 
of obtaining a duly authenticated one, our remarks stand in all their 
force. In conclusion of this department of the subject, it should never 
be forgotten that a christian, motherly, cheerful woman in a sick 
chamber is more potent for good than all the skill of medicine or surgery 
combined. 

The Monthly Xurse.— It does not follow that the persons- who fill 
this order of nurses should possess all the qualifications we have set 
down as necessary in the instance of the former, or sick nurse. As, 
however, the monthly nurse must, for the time her services are required, 
live and associate almost exclusively with the patient — the mother — for 
many hours of every day and night, she having no one else to converse 
with, it becomes a matter of some importance that the nurse should be 
a person of some information, capable, if required, of reading to the 
mother, and occasionally of amusing her listerner's mind with some- 
thing better than the idle gossip of households in which she has form- 
erly been engaged, or passing the hours of baby's sleep in the record 
of morsels of questionable scandal. In the former case, it is immaterial, 
so long as the nurse if of a feeling disposition, whether she is a married 
or unmarried woman; but in the case of the monthly nurse, it is a 
sine qua non that she should at least Imve been a mother. 

Many of the persons who undertake the duties of a monthly nurse 
liave no further qualifications for the post they apply for than than the 
simple fact of having been themselves mothers, or once or twice joined 
the gioup of sympatiiizers at the childbed of a neighbor. Small trades- 
men's wives, and laundresses, tempted by the fee from a respectable 
establishment, are the usual applicants" of this class; another set of 
candidates, but equally unfitted for the duties, are hospital nurses, and 
ordinary nurses out of employment, or incapaciated by years or in- 
firmity for duty in a public institution. In tlie metropolis, and many 
of our large cities and towns, properly educated or professional nurses 
are now to be procured, and such persons eonsequentlj'^ carry their 
credentials of competency in their certificate, and all the lady has to 
do is to look at the applicant's moral character; and as most of the 
items which make up a desirable personage are carried In the face, 
manner, and voice of the applicant, there are few mothers of families 
or young wives who do not posse.^^s the judgment and tact to translate 
them truly. A cheerful countenance, a pleasing voice, cleanliness, ac- 
tivity, and a regard — real, not assumed — for children — these are the 
characteristics which an intelligent woman may, by the use other eyes, 
and a little conversation, easily satisfy herself upon. The only draw- 
backs to the above satisfactory qualities or the inquiries to be made as 
to sobriety, and w^hether the otherwise excellent nurse is likely to be 
infested in her temporary home by frequent bevies of children, — a 
circumstance which no prudent mother, tor her infant's sake, would 

tolerate. 

In the country, where professed nurses are only to be procured at 
great expense, the difficulty the mother encounters to obtain a nurse, 
with moderate qualifications for her duties, is often very great; clean- 



442 Appendix to Medical Department. 

liness, motherly solicitude for her charge, and willingness to perform 
all that is expected of her as respects attention on the mother and in- 
fant, will form in general the utmost limit of her capabilities. 

If she is given to gossiping with the servants, addicted to afternoon 
slumbers, and occasional drops of spirits fo?' the colic which lias afflicted 
her at times for life, these, and probably a few others, if they cannot be 
corrected by keeping her exclusively to the sick-room, allowing the 
afternoon liap when the baby is safe in the cradle or on the mother's 
lap, and by daily anticipating the occasional colic by a glass of wine 
or a medicinal quantity of spirits — and if, in fact, these evils cannot be 
modified, they must be often endured for the sake of attention to the 
infant, cheerfulness at night time, when the rest is often broken, and 
by her kindness to the other children whenever admitted to see mamma 
and the new brother or sister, — a point upon which nurses can.be very 
captious and disagreeable, while her consideration and good temper in 
that respect is always sure to be gratefully received by the mother. 
As in seven cases out often the nurse's duties with the mother expire 
in a great measure with the tirst week, and it is for the infant that she 
is especially engaged, and as nurses are apt to be very exacting in their 
mode of management, especially with yoking mothers, they are often 
compelled to submit, against their better judgment, to what they feel 
to be bad or hurtful. 

No lady of delicate nature can bear to see her infant subjected to 
the rough but well-meant manipulations endured by the child of a 
ploughman; no source of maternal distress being more frequent than 
that of the daily washing, when, for the best part of an hour, through 
the constant protest of cries and shrieks, the infant's tender body is 
exposed and irritated by the nurse's hard, rough hands, as she need- 
lessly turns it from back to front, and from side to side, through a 
ceaseless jolting of her bony knee. 

Mucli — nearly all — of this distressing crying might be avoided by 
tender handling, care, and sufficient time for the operations of washing 
and dressing, and thus what is made a torment to the infant converted 
into a pleasure. 

If the articles, "Advice to Mothers,'' "Infant," "Labor," and a 
few others in this work are consulted, the young mother will learn how 
to perform all the duties appeitaining to the dressing of the child, so 
as to be able to practice a more agreeable method when she undertakes 
those responsibilities herself It is almost unnecessary to observe that 
a woman who takes snuf shouM never be allowed to dress an infant; 
that is a self-evident vice easily guarded against. But what the mother 
has more reason to dread, because alwaj's done in secret, is the practice 
too often ado])ted by nurses, to save their rest and calm the mother's 
fears, of dosing the infant with some narcotic cordial. The danger of 
the practice cannot be too severely reprobated, and it will often tax 
the mother's utmost penetration to detect how and when it is done. 
Infants never cry without a cause, and one of the greatest mistakes a 
nurse makes is to suppose it cries for want of food. Thirst, however, 
is far more frequently the cause of its complaining than flatulence, 
want of food, or any other reason; but even if the nurse suspected 
such to be the case, she would probably shrink with horror from 
giving the little sufferer the only remed i/ its nature craYQS — a few tea- 
spoons OF WATER SLIGHTLY WARMED. 

The Wet Nurse. — In selecting a person to take the management 
of an infant the mother cannot or does not mean to rear, whether 
from the birth, or some months afterwards, care should be taken that 



Advice to Mothers. ^^2 

the nurse's infant is as near to the age of the child she is to suckle as 
possible. In the selection of such a nurse, the medical man generally 
takes all respoiisibilit}^ both as respects her physical health and moral 
character; it is, therefore, unnecessary in this place to enter upon 
that part of the subject. 

The wet nurse should live in the house of her emploj^er, be under 
the supervision and control of the family doctor, her diet being regu- 
lated by what he deems the best suited to her health and constitution. 
In general, a full diet of animal food, with eggs, puddings, bread, 
and potatoes, with from two to three pints of half-and-half "stout, or 
porter a day, is the usual order in which the wet nurse's dietetic scale 
is allowed. 

SICK-ROOM, M.VNAGE3IENT OF.— So many subjects of impor- 
tance are embraced under this general heading, it will be necessary', in 
treating of this article, to arrange each according to its natural sequence, 
as the room and furniture, cleanliness, ventilation, attendance on the 
patient, duties of the nurse, etc. Before proceeding seriatim with our 
theme, it should be premised that though in a majority of cases it 
may be impossible for heads of families so to arrange matters for the 
invalid as implicitly to follow all the plans and details laid down in the 
present article, want of space, or of means, preventing compliance 
with the whole of the following instructions ; yet by laying before the 
eye of the reader an accurate description of the requisites for an 
invalid's bedroom, and the management of a model sick chamber, the 
means at hand, and the appliances within the reach of the family, may 
be turned to to the best account, and thus, by a little consideration and 
ingenuity, inferior articles may be made to do as efficient service as the 
best and most expensive of modern improvements. We have already, 
in more than one place in this work, observed that good nursing is as 
necessary to the recovery of a patient as skill and attention on the part 
of the physician; indeed, it is often more so, as in many instances 
nature is so beneficently active in restoring the powers prostrated by 
disease, that in many cases diet and regimen, with judicious nursing, 
unaided bymedical skill or physic, will alone carry the patient through 
a lengthened illness to perfect health and strength. Good nursiifg, 
however, besides personal solicitude and care, demands means and 
appliances to render the nurse's attention fully beneficial, and of those 
means or passive agents it will now be our duty to speak. 

The sick chamber, or bedroom of the patient, is a subject that de- 
mands due consideration. In the first place, it should be of consider- 
able size, and, if the illness is likely to be of some duration, a large 
room should be appropriated for the purpose. The room, if posssble, 
should have a northern aspect, so as to protect it from the glare of the 
mid-day sun, and, if it can be so arranged, the apartment should abut 
from the house, so as to keep the patient from the noise and bustle of 
the family, and be equally removed from the sound of the door bell, 
and from the clatter of the scullery, or the smell of the kitchen. 
The room sliould have a fire-place, and clean-swept chimney; the 
window should have a movable top-sash, and should either face the 
door, or the door should be on a line with the fire-place, to insure a 
complete draught, on which account the chimney-board, if one has 
been used, should be removed. The color of the walls is a matter of 
very considerable importance. Green, especially deep or bright green, 
is always to be avoided; equally objectionable, though not equally 
hurtful, is a paper with a bold staring pattern, with prominent colors. 
A small geometrical pattern of squares, diamond, or flowers, in hori- 



444 Appendix to Medical Department. 

zontal or dia^^onal lines, is equally to be avoided, and, if possible, a 
paper selected of a pale, unobtrusive color, and with such figures on it 
as the eye may contemplate without perplexity, fatigue or irritation. 
The importance of attending to these points is well known to every 
medical man who has had any practice in the treatment of fevers. In 
the first case, the greens indicated are always giving oft' fumes of 
arsenic, which are hurtful, if not dangerous; and in the other, the brain, 
in certain stages of the fever, becomes irritated by the positive charac- 
ter of the paper, or exhausted by fruitless attempts to count the num- 
ber of figures or flowers in the several lines. The carpet, bed-curtains, 
vallance, and all clothes, dresses, or articles of wollen fabric, are to be 
removed from the apartment, and only as much furniture as is actually 
required for the use of the patient retained in the room, such as the bed, a 
few chairs, two tables, a night-lamp, washing stand, and a strip of 
canvas or sacking in front of the bed, or in the line of the doctor or 
nurse's tread. The bed — a French bedstead being the best — should be 
placed with the head a little way from the wall, accessible on both 
sides, and in such a situation as to be entirely removed from the current 
of air betwen the door and window, or the window and fire-place. The 
bed on which the patient lies is also a matter of consequence; wool 
mattresses are in many cases too hard, and feather beds produce great 
heat, and often become knotty and hard. The spring stuffed mattress 
is now f requentl}'^ ordered by physicians as the best arti<ile, but the 
French spring bed, composed of spiral wires, by yielding to evei-y 
motion of the body, is undoubtedly the best article for the invalid, 
especially if covered with a thin hair mattress. Air and water beds 
are also occasionally employed, but their great expense acts as a barrier 
to their general adoption; the use of the latter article, unless in the 
hands of a skillful nurse, is apt to be attended with great risk, as from 
the greater weight of the hips and trunk, that portion of the body sinks 
throwing the legs and head forward. To obviate this objection to Dr. 
Arnott's otherwise admirable water bed, a thin hair mattress and 
bolster should be laid over the top and head, when every motion of 
the patient will be met by a corresponding motion of the fluctuating 
medium beneath him. The amount of bedclothes employed must be 
left to the judgment of the nurse, to the season of the year, the nature of 
the disease, and the feelings of the patient. Air pillows and cushions 
should always foi-m a portion of the bed-furniture, the first for ordi- 
dary purposes of rest, and the latter to relieve particular parts of the 
body from undue pressure, and in cases of bed-sores. A pole, or piece 
of lancewood, sliould be placed across the framework of the top of the 
bed, to which a short sling, containing a round piece of wood for the 
hands, should be attached, so that the patient may be able to raise 
himself in tlie bed without alwa3''s being dependent on the assistance 
of the nurse. The next item of consequence is an easy chair with a 
movable back, in which the patient can recline or sit erect, according 
to the elevation or depression of the back and foot-board. There 
should also be a sofa or couch in the room, on which he can be placed 
while the bed is being made, or at any time for change. Two tables 
are also necessary — a small one, to stand near the bed, to contain the 
drink, medicine, or fruit in common use, with the glasses and vessels 
out of which each article is to be taken; and a large table, with an 
easily opening drawer, at the end of the room. On this table should 
be arranged all the medicines not in constant use, — the lotions, colly- 
riums, and external applications by themselves at one side, and the 
internal remedies at the other. A 2-ounce graduated "glass measure, 



Advice to Mothers. 44 c 

and a drop or minim measure ; a china or white delf cup, with a spout, 
and covered lialf over the top, for giving medicine or drink to the 
patient when lying down, with clenn gh\sses, and a spoon of each of 
the three sizes, should be arranged as a barrier between the external 
and internal medicines, while in the drawer should be placed lint 
bandages, adhesive plaster, thread, pins, and scissors, an}^ ointment or 
cerate in use, and a spatula; and by themselves, in one compartment, 
the prescriptions as they are returned from the chemist. A green or 
slate-colored calico blind should be attached to the window, to darken 
the room when required. The night-lamp, to afford light, and heat 
food or water, should always be in readiness, which, with a couple of 
small white vessels, made for the purpose, to hold the expectoration in 
cases of consumption, can be arranged on the washing stand. These, 
with a sponge, towels, soap, and water, are almost everything which a 
sick-room can require, except on special occasions. 

Cleanliness is one of the most imperative requisites of a sick-room 
and, to be effective for good, must be carried out in every particular. 
The floor should be carefully swept every morning, the strip of canvas, 
used to deaden the tread, well shaken in the air before being relaid; 
the glasses, cups, and spoons washed and and dried after every time of 
use; every discharge from the body, plasters, diessings, or dirty 
bandages, are to be instantly taken from the room, and no utensil 
brought back until well cleaned and dried. The temperature of the 
sick-room is always a matter of considerable importance, and that the 
degree of proper 'warmth may always be understood and maintained, 
a thermometer should invariably form a part of the appurtenances of 
the sick-room, the instrument being placed against the wall in such a 
position that the nurse's eye maj- frequently notice its silent admoni- 
tions. Though 60" Fahrenheit is regarded as the standard degree of 
temperature, it is often desirable to reduce that amount to 59° or 58°, 
or indeed even lower in some cases of hemorrhage. To effect this, a 
strong current must be established, either by partially opening the 
door or window, or by lighting a small fiie for few minutes in the 
grate, and, lastly, bj^ means of evaporation to be presentlj'^ described. 
When it is necessary to raise the temperatuie above G0°, the strong 
currents are to be suspended for a time, the door and window securely 
closed, and a lire lighted in the grate, and the reading of the ther- 
mometer carefully attended to till the desired temperature has been 
reached, care being then taken to prevent the heat increasing or fluctu- 
ating. 

Ventilation. — A free and perfect ventilation is one of the most 
necessary properties of the sick-room, as on it depends so much of the 
comfort of the patient, as well as much of his hopes of a final recoverj-. 
To convey a clearer idea of the importance of good ventilation to the 
welfare of the invalid, it will be sufticient if in this place we mention 
that a healthy man enclosed in a room, requires four Cubic feet 
of fresh air each minute for the due performance of all his functions, 
and that he vitiates, or renders poisonous, about a hundked and 
THIRTY CUBIC INCHES exery minute^ by expiration from the lungs and 
skin. If this fact is borne in mind, the absolute importance of an 
abundance of pwre air to the patient will become still more evident, 
especially as, in some diseases, an increased amount of oxygen becomes 
a vital necessity. Independent of supplying an abundance of pure air 
to the patient, ventilation is of the utmost conseqtience, not only in 
purifying the room, but in carrying from the atmosphere that sur- 
rounds the sick person those minute particles of morbific matter which 



446 Appendix to Medical Department, 

are always given oflf from an unhealthy body, and, especially in certain 
contagious diseases, load the air witii their poisonous particles, and 
which, if imbibed into the lungs of a healthy person, may there ger- 
minate into another poisonous disease, besides being re-absorbed by the 
invalid himself, thus keeping alive a malady which, by exhalation and 
free ventilation, might have been weakened nnd greatly benefited. 
The two great sources of ventilation are the window and the chimney; 
the one carrying off the upper stratum of impure air, and the other 
those heavier gases and impure atmosphere which specitic gravity 
keeps floating over the surface of the iloor. As the door in both in- 
stances is the direction from whieh the current of fresh air comes, care 
should be taken that no mat inside or outside impedes the free access 
of air, and should the door tit tightly above to the lintel, a plane should 
be passed along the top, to allow of the entr:ince of a stream of air 
from the passages beyond. The to'p sash of the window is o\\\y part 
that should be opened, and that but for the space of a few inches, 
merely sufficient to cause a strong draught, and this only from time to 
time, as occasion may require. 

Should the window not open from above, a piece of the top of each 
corner pane should be broken out, and a slip of paste-board nailed to 
the frame above, to hang down like a valve over the broken glass, and 
which can be pushed up or let down, according as ventilation is 
required. The effluvium which sometimes pervades a sick chamber, 
and which is quite as hurtful to the patientasitisotfensiveto the healthy 
person who imbibes it, cannot be overcome by mere ventilation, as the 
draught necessarj'^ to do so in a reasonable time might be of serious 
consequences to the patient; nor must any attempt be made to over- 
power one smell by the establishment of another, such as by the burn- 
ing of brown paper, feathers, sprigs of lavender, pastiles, or aromatic 
vinegar, — articles which are all, except pastiles, excellent in their place 
to refresh the atmosphere of a sick chamber at proper times, but be- 
come most objectionable when oflensive odors are present. In all 
such cases, disinfectants alone should be used, and as chloride of lime 
is so extremely cheap, there can be no excuse for not emplojing it on 
all occasions. A teaspoon of the chloride, dissolved in half a pint of 
water, and in the following manner, will soon correct all unpleasant 
smells. Having dissolved the chloride of lime in a basin, a napkin is 
to be dipped in the solution, roughly squeezed out and then suspended 
on a line between the door and window, and the rest ol thesolution poured 
into a couple of saucers, and placed on the floor for about a quarter 
of an hour, when the ventilator being opened for a few minutes will 
leave the air of the chamber perfectly pure. Linen rags, or a towel 
wetted in chloride of zinc or tin, or the nitrate of lead, and waved 
about the room for some time, will answer the same purpose, and 
equally as well. 

Attendance on tlie Patient, — It cannot be too strongly impressed 
on the mind of all who may be called on to minister to tlie wants of 
the sick, that every attention given, every service rendered, should be 
performed with the least possible noise and demonstration, — the step 
should be light and noiseless, the voice low and kind, and the service, 
whatever it ma}'^ be, rendered with gentleness, care, and dispatch, but 
in no hurry or ofhcious haste. Eattling of windows, slamming of doors, 
creaking shoes, sudden noises, exclamations or tidgeting, monotonous 
sounds — as the ticidngof a watch or clock, tlie rustling of dresses, or 
the leaves of a book — -are all to be guarded against as things of serious 
import in certain conditions of the nervous system; on the same 



Advice to Mothers, 



447 



account, a restless or over-officious nurse — one who moves much or 
unnecessarily about the room — is likely to be more injurious than use- 
ful. Care must be also talven not to admit more than two visitors at 
one time to the bedside, and any loud-speaking or boisterous-manner- 
ed friend must be strictly prohibited. In visiting a sick friend, the 
person admitted should ask as few questions as possible, avoid the 
mention of any distressing intelligence, eschew all medical themes, and 
continc his conversation to any light and agreeable intelligence ; being 
always careful not to weary the patient by more than a few minutes at 
a time of his company. In all cases of a healthy person visiting a sick 
one, it is of the utmost consequence tliat he should place himself, 
whether standing or sitting, in such a position that the air from the 
door or window may come from behind the visitor to the patient, and 
not from the patient to tlie friend; he should also avoid leaning over 
the bed, or inhaling the breath of the invalid, or indeed of coming in 
too close contact with tlie clothes or person of the patient The per- 
sonal cleanliness of the patient, is a matter of very great importance; 
the face, neck, and arms should be well washed, and the skin after- 
wards rubbed thoroughly dr}^ with a fresh towel everj^ morning; nnd 
as great relreshment is experienced by washing the face and hands 
occasionally during the day, such means of aflbrding relief and comfort 
should never be forgotten; the clothes worn during the night should 
never be allowed to remain on the body in the day, but as soon as the 
morning washing is over, clean clothes should be put on, care having 
first been taken to air thoroughly all linen befoie it is used, that which 
is taken oft" being well aired before being put away for the use of the 
night. The importance of attending to the thorough airing of every 
article before being put on the patient's body will be understood when 
we state, that so great and continuous is the ev i)oration always 
taking place from water, the surface of the walls, and the bodies of 
the patient and nurse, that a niglit-shirt kept in the sick chamber for 
twenty-four hours, and weighed betere and after drying, was found to 
have lost four ounces, or a quarter of a pound in weight, by the driving 
off" of that amount of water, absorbed by the night-shirt in one day 
and night. From this it will be seen what a large proportion of 
watery vapor is taken up in a few hours by the different items of our 
daily wear, the amount retained by linen and cotton being, of course, 
very much less than that taken up by woolen and more porous gar- 
ments. Where the whole of the patient's body cannot be washed every 
day, the lower extremities, and as much as possible of the rest of the 
trunk, should be freely rubbed with dry towels. 

Duties of the Nurse. — Of the moral and physical qualities of the 
nurse we have already spoken, under the head of "Nurse," which see; 
it only now remains for us to point out the duties which devolve upon 
that individual when in charge of the sick-room, and entrusted with 
the responsibility of the patient during the absence of the medical 
man. In the first place, the nurse should regard herself, and be so 
considered by the relatives and friends, as the doctor's locum tenens, 
and invested with absolute control over the patient and sick-room 
during his absence. It is to the nurse, or that member of the family 
who officiates as such, that the physician conveys his instructions; to 
him she makes all reports, and to her general disrection he commits 
the well-being of his patient during that long portion of every day in 
which he is necessitated to absent himself from the bedside of the 
invalid. To the nurse's judgement is left the duty of preventing too 
many visitors from seeing the patient at one time, or in one day, and 



4^8 Appendix to Medical Department, 

of taking care that he is in no way tampered with, and nothing in the 
way of food, fruit, or drink given to him, on any pretence wiiatever, if 
opposed to the regulations laid down by the doctor. A few spoonfuls 
of what may be deemed a grateful and harmless substance, to those 
who plead for its being given, may, if it should not prove actually hurt- 
ful, counteract the effective operation of some medicine on which the 
physician has relied for beneficial results. These, then, are two impor- 
tant duties devolving on the nurse, and which she should never allow 
herself to be overruled in executing. The dress of the nurse, besides 
being, like her person, alwaj^s scrupulously clean, should be of some 
unobtrusive color, and of a material that will make no rustling noise 
when she goes about her duties. The cleanliness of the room, with 
that of the glasses, cups, and every utensil or article used, cannot be 
insisted on too forcibly; she should rano;e all the bottles on the reserve 
table, as we have directed, with the label of each turned outwards, and 
make a practice of never giving any medicine without first looking at 
the direction. She should have a small slate always at hand, on which 
to make notes of anj-^ special instruction given by the doctor, or of facts 
that may have occurred in his absence. She must remove to another 
room all that passes from the patient, which, unless kept for after in- 
spection, should be directly emptied; have the vessel washed out, 
rinsed with chloride of lime, and dried before returning them to the 
room. If the secretions are to be kept, she must be careful that noth- 
ing is thrown in, or mixed with them, as their entire character may be 
altered by emptying medicines, tea, or other articles on either. 

The personal cleanliness of the patient is one of the nurse's first 
duties, for, besides the dailj?^ washing of the face, neck, and arms, it 
sometimes affords him great comfort to have the same operation 
repeated in the evening, and if the skin is washed with warm water 
and soap, and then properly dried, there is no fear of his taking cold. 
If the patient can bear the fatigue, clean linen night and morning should 
be put on, each change being properly aired. When he is able to lie 
on the sofa for a few hours, or sit up in the easy chair, the nurse should 
carry away all the bedclothes, and expose them in another apartment 
to a freer ventilation. When the patient — unable to bear the fatigue 
of removal to the sofa — has to sit up in bed, the nurse must contrive 
some support for his back; and for this purpose a child's chair placed 
at the head of the bed, and protected by one or two pillows, will afford 
a comfortable rest for the back, when, if the lately invented bed-table, 
which, attached to the side of the bed, and extending its leaf over the 
clothes, can be procured, he may sit for hours, and take his meals with 
tolerable comfort. When the patient has to be moved, and the nurse 
is unable to carry him bodil}'' from the bed to the sofa, she and 
another 'should make a chair of their arms, and, lifting him at the 
same time, remove their burden with as little jar or fatigue as possible. 
When, from exhaustion, this method is impossible, the patient must be 
taken up bodily by four persons in the sheet on which he lies, and in 
that manner transported from one bed to another. There is one most 
imperative duty of the nurse in cases of long sickness, where the in- 
valid is compelled to remain long in one position, and that is a daily 
and accurate inspection of the skin of the back, so as to be able to 
detect the first approach of injury from pressure, and so guard against 
the serious consequences of bed-sores; this she must effect by dusting 
the part that looks angry with violet powder, and, by placing air 
cushions under the body, relieve the place affected from further pres- 
sure. The nurse should also know, that in inflammatory diseases, if 



Advice to Mothers. 449 

the first dose of medicine produces sickness, she must not therefore 
withhold the second; that if a sudden emetic is wanted, a teaspoon of 
salt or a tablespoon of mustard, in half a pint of warm water, will 
produce vomiting; that to increase the action of the saline aperients, 
draughts of water are necessary; while to promote perspiration, warm 
drinks, extra bedclothes, and hot water to the feet are required. Of 
all the qualities of a good nurse, however, that of being willing to 
follow implicitly the directions of the medical man is unquestionably 
the best, and she who will conscientiously do this, may be safely trust- 
ed in all else. 

WEANING. — The proper time when the infant should be taken 
from the breast, and subjected to artificial dietary, is generally a sub- 
ject of some anxiety to mothers. The exact time when this change 
should take place must, however, always be an open question, depen'd- 
ing on the strength or weakness of the child, and the health and capa- 
bility of the mother for the duty of a wet nui-se. When mother and 
child are both in a fair- condition of health, the general time of wean- 
ing the infant is between the ninth and twelfth month; should the 
child, however, be very backward with its teeth, and have only cut 
one or two by the latter period, the time of weaning should be post- 
poned for a few weeks or months. As a general rule, when nature 
has placed a sufiicient number of teeth in the infant's mouth to enable 
it to mumble the soft aliment on which it is fed, the time has arrived to 
make it independent of its nurse. All prudent mothers, however, will 
gradually anneal their infants to the change by beginning to feed 
them once, twice, and finally three times a da}^ for some few weeks be- 
fore absolute weaning, at the same time reducing the number of times 
of daily suckling ; by this means the process is made easy and gradual, 
and the children are in a great measure spared the distress consequent 
on an abiupt change. 

Some mothers, in the hope of preventing another pregnancy, are 
in the habit of keeping their inf;ints at the breast till they are old 
enough to ask for it; this is a great mistake, and is certain to act in- 
iuriou.<ly on the health of the parent. See "Advice to mothers, and 
Infants." 

WETTING THE BED.— This accident, so frequently occurring to 
children, and so well known to mothers, demands careful and vigilant 
attention. Parents and nurses have hitherto regarded this as a bad 
and careless habit of the child's and one rather demanding reprehen- 
sion and correction than inquiry or medical investigation ; this, how- 
ever, is often a grave mistake, as the child in its sleep can no more 
avoid the involuntary discharge than it can resist the lethargy of sleep. 
The CAUSE of this incontinence of urine in children arises from two 
sources in particular — the first is the peculiar alkaline condition of the 
water, wliich, acting like a corrosive lye on the coats of the bladder, 
excites that organ to the involuntary action which results in the 
passage of the urine; the second is the presence in the bowels, particu- 
larly in the rectum, of a number of worms, which, irritating the 
nerves of the part, sympathetically affect the bladder directly above, 
which receives some of its nerves from the same 2)lexus. Crude fruit, 
or other causes of irritation in the bowels, may produce the same 
result, though the above two are the most frequent. 

Instead, therefore, of alarming the child bj''the fear of punishment, 
the mother will do well to discover as far as possible which of these 
causes induces a child formerly cleanly in his habits to commit this 
nocturnal faux pas. If it should proceed from an alkaline Btate of the 



45 o Appendix to Medical Department, 

urine, the treatment will consist in giving vinegar and pickles with 
the meals, tamarinds and water, and acidulated drinks, with oranges 
and fresh acid fruits; and if the patient is at all weakly, the subjoined 
tonic mixture. 

Take of infusion of quassa, 6 ozs. ; qninine. 6 grs. ; diluted sul- 
phuric acid, 30 drops. Mix; a dessert or tablespoon to be given three 
times a day, in water, to children from live to ten years of age. When 
the accident proceeds from worms, the cause must be removed by the 
means recommended under '* Worms," which see, 



TANNER'S. SHOE. AND HARNESS MAKER'S DEPART- 
MENT. 



COLORS.— Best Color for Boot, Shoe, and Harness Edge, and 
Ink which Cannot Freeze. — Alcohol, 1 pt. ; tincture of iron, ij^ ozs. ; 
extract of loo:\voocl, 1 oz. ; nutgalls, pulverized, 1 oz. ; soft water, )^ 
pt.; mix. Or: 

2. Take alcohol, 1 pt.; extract of logwood and tinctures of iron, 
of each, 1 oz.; nutgalls, pulverized, 1 oz. ; and sweet oil, % oz. ; mix. 

I have found shoemakers using these colors, each thinking he had 
the best color in the world. The sweet oil is believed to prevent the 
hot iron from sticking, and to make a better polish. 

The tirst one makes a very passable ink for winter use, by carrying 
a quick hand to prevent it from spreading in the paper, from the pres- 
ence of the alcohol, which, of course, is what prevents it from freez- 
ing, and that is the only argument in favor of it as an ink for writing 
purposes, 

3. Cheap Color for the Edge.— Soft water, 1 gal. ; extract of 
logwood, 1 oz.; and boil them until the extract is dissolved, then re- 
move from the lire and add copperas, 2 ozs. ; bi-chromate of potash 
and gum arable, of each, 3^ oz. ; all to be pulverized. 

This makes a cheap and good color for shoe or harness edge, but 
for cobbling or for new work, upon which you do not wish to use the 
''hot kit," but finish with heel-ball, you will find that if, as you pour 
this out into the bottle to use, you put a table-spoon of lamp-black to 
each pint of it, it will make a blacker and nicer finish. It makes a 
good color for cheap work, but for fine work, nothing will supersede 
the first colors given. This also makes a very good ink for ivriting 
purposes, if kept corked to avoid evaporation, which makes it gummy 
or sticky. See also "Grain Side Blacking.'' 

4. Sizing for Boots and Shoes, in Treeing-out.— Take water, 
1 qt., and dissolve in it, by heat, isinglass, 1 oz., adding more water to 
make up for evaporation ; when dissolved, add starch, 6 ozs. ; extract 
of logwood, bees- wax, and tallow, of each, 2 ozs.; and continue the 
heat until all is melted and well mixed. Rub the starch up first, by 
pouring on sufficient boiling water for that purpose. 

It makes boots and shoes soft and pliable, applying it when treeing 
out, and is especially nice to clean up work which has stood long on 
the shelves. 

5. Water-Proof Oil-Paste Blacking. — Take camphene, 1 pt., 
and put into it all the India-rubber it will dissolve; when dissolved, 
add currier's oil, 1 pt.; tallow, 6 lbs.; lamp-black, 2 ozs.; mix thor- 
oughly by heat. 

This'is a nice thing for old harness or carriage tops, as well as for 
boots and shoes. Or you can dissolve the rubber in the oil by setting 
them in rather a hot place for a day or two ; and save the expense of 



452 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 

camphene, as that is of no use only as a solvent to the rubber. There 
are those, however, who do not like to use the rubber^ thinking it rots 
the leather; then use tlie foUowinii:: 

6. Wfiter-Proof Paste, without Rubber. — Take tallow, 1 lb.; 
bees-wax, }^ lb.; castor or neafs-foot oil, 3^ pt.; and lamp-black, 3^^ 
oz.; mix by heat. Or: 

7. Neafs-foot oil, brought to a proper consistence with a little 
bees-wax and tallow; colored with lamp-black, will be found proof 
against snow or water. 

8. Some, however, may prefer the following manner of preserv- 
ing their boots and shoes, from a correspondent of the Mechanics' Oor- 
zette; but if they do, the boots must be made large, from the fact that 
the preparation has a tendency to shrink the leather. He says : " I 
have had only three pairs of boots for the last six years, (no shoes,) and 
I think I shall not require any more the next six years to come. The 
reason is, that I treat them in the following manner : 

*' I put 1 lb. of tallow and ^^ lb. of resin in a pot on the fire; when 
melted and mixed, I warm the boots and apply the hot stulf with a 
painter's brush until neither the sole nor the upper will soak in any 
more. If it is desired that the boots should immediately take a polish, 
dissolve 1 oz. of wax in spirits of turpentine, to which add a tea- 
spoon of lamp-black. A day after the boots have been treated with 
the tallow and resin, rub over them this wax in turpentine, but not 
before the fire. 

" Thus the exterior will have a coat of wax alone, and will shine 
like a mirror. Tallow or any other grease becomes rancid, and rots 
the stitching as well as the leather, but the resin gives it that antisep- 
tic quality which preserves the whole. Boots and shoes should be 
made so large as to admit of wearing cork soles. Cork is so bad a 
conductor of heat, that with it in the boots, the feet are always warm 
on the coldest stone floor." 

9. Black Varnish for Edge. — Take 98 per cent, alcohol, 1 pt. ; 
shellac, 3 ozs. ; resin, 2 ozs.; pine turpentine, 1 oz. ; lamp-black, 34 oz.; 
mix, and when the gums are all cut, it is ready to use; but bear in 
mind that low proof alcohol will not cut gums properly, for any var- 
nish. 

This, applied to a boot or shoe edge, with a brush, gives it the 
shining gloss, resembling much of the eastern work. It is also appli- 
cable to wood or cloth requiring a gloss, after having been painted. 

10. Varnish for Harness, the Best in Use. — Take 98 per cent 
alcohol, 1 gal.; white pine turpentine, 13^ lbs.; gum shellac, 1)^ lbs.; 
Venice turpentine, 1 gill. Let these stand in a jug in tlie sun or by a 
stove until the gums are dissolved, then add sweet oil, 1 gill, and lamp- 
black, 2 ozs. ; rub the lamj)-bhick first with a little of the varnish. 

This varnish is better than the old style, from the fact that its 
polish is as good, and it does not crack when the harness is twisted or 
knocked about. 

If you wish a varnish for fair leather, make it as the above, in a 
clean jug, but use no lamp-black. The pine turpentine and sweet oil 
make it pliable, vet not stick}'. 

TANMNG, BLACKING, AND FlMSHrNG.— Process for Calf, 
Kip, and Harness, in from Six to Tliirty Bays.— For a 12 lb. calf- 
skin, take terra-japonica, 3 lbs.; common salt, 2 lbs.; alum, 1 lb. ; put 
these into a copper kettle with sufficient water to dissolve the whole 
by boiling. 

The skin, or skins, will first be limed, haired, and treated in every 



r Leather- Working Department. 453 

way as for the old process; then it will be put into a vessel with suffi- 
cient water to cover it, at which time you will put in one pint of the 
composition, stirrino^ it well; adding the same amount each nli^ht and 
morning for three days, when you will add the whole; handling two 
or three times daily, all the time tanning; you can continue to use the 
tanning liquid by adding half the quantity each time, of new liquor, 
and by keeping these proportions for any amount, and if you desire to 
give the leather the appearance of bark color, you will put in one 
pound of Sicily sumac. 

Kip skins will require about twenty days, light horse hides for 
harness, thirty days, to make good leather; while calf skins will only 
require from six to ten days at most. The japonica is put up in large 
cakes of about one hundred and tifty pounds, and sells, in common 
times, at about four cents per pound, in New York. 

Byron Rose, a tanner, of Madison, Ohio, says that one quart of oil 
of vitriol to fifty sides of leather, ^ith the japonica and alum, as 
above, leaving out the salt, will very much improve it; the acid opens 
the pores, quickening the process without injury to the leather. 

2. Canadian Process. — The Canadians make four liquors in 
using the japonica : 

The FIRST liquor is made by dissolving, for, 20 sides of upper, 15 
lbs of terra-japonica in sufficient water to cover the upper being 
tanned. The second liquor contains the same amount of japonica, 
and 8 lbs. of saltpetre also. The third contains 20 lbs. of japonica, 
and ^% lbs. of alum. The fourth liquor contains only 15 lbs. of 
japonica, and 13^ lbs. of sulphuric acid; and the leather remains 4 
days in each liquor for upper; and for sole, the quantities and time are 
both doubled. They couiTt 50 calf skins in place of 20 sides of upper, 
but let them lie in each liquor onlv 3 days. 

3. Deer Skins— Tanning and Buffing for Gloves.— For each skin 
take a bucket of water, and put into it 1 qt. of lime; let the skin or 
skins lie in from 3 to 4 days; then rinse in clean water, hair, and 
grain; then soak them in cold water to get out the glue; now scour or 
pound in good soap suds, for half an hour; after which take white 
vitriol, alum, and salt, 1 table-spoon of each to a skin; these will be 
dissolved in sufficient water to cover the skin, and remain in it for 24 
hours; wring out as dry as convenient; and spread on with a brush 
3^ pt. of cunier's oil, and hang in the sun about 2 days; after which 
you will scour out the oil with soap suds, and hang out again until 
perfectly dry; then pull and work them until they are soft; and if a 
reasonable time does not make them soft, scour out in suds again as 
before, until complete. The oil may be saved by pouring or taking it 
from the top of the suds, if left standing a short time. The butf color 
is given by spreading yellow ochre evenly over the surface of the skin, 
when finished, ruobing it in well with a brush. 

The foregoing plan was pursued for a number of years by a 
brother of mine, and I have worn the gloves and know the value of 
the recipe; but there are plans of using acid, and if the quantity is 
not too great, there is no reason in the world why it may not be used; 
the only caution necessary is to see that the strength of acid does not 
kill the nature of the leather; in proper quantities it tans only, instead 
of destroying the fibre. I will give a couple of the most valuable 
methods : 

4. Tanning with Acid. — After having removed the hair, scour- 
ing, soaking, and pounding in the suds, etc., as in the last recipe, in 
place of the white vitriol, alum, and salt, as there mentioned, take oil 



454 D^' Chase's Recipes. 

of vitriol (sulphuric acid) and water, equal parts of each, and thor- 
oughly wet the flesh side of the skin with it, by means of a sponge or 
cloth upon a stick; then folding up the skin, letting it lie for 20 min- 
utes only, having ready a solution of sal-soda and water, say 1 lb. to 
a bucket of water, and soak the skin or skins in that for 2 hours, when 
you will wash in clean water and apply a little dry salt, letting lie in 
the salt over night, or that length of time; then remove the flesh with 
a blunt knife, or, if doing business on a large scale, by means of the 
regular beam and flesh-knife; when dry, or nearly so, soften by pull- 
ing and rubbing with the hands, and also with a piece of pumice- 
stone. This, of course, is the quickest way of tanning, and by only 
wetting the skins with the acid and soaking out in twenty minutes, 
they are not rotted. 

5. Another Method.— Oil of vitriol, 3^ oz. ; salt, 1 teacup ; milk 
sufficient to handsomely cover the skin, not exceeding 3 qt3. ; warm 
the milk, then add the salt and vitriol; stir the skin in the liquid 40 
minutes, keeping it warm; then dry and work it as directed in 
No. 4. 

6. Tanning Sheep-Skins, applicable for Mittens, Door-Mats, 
Bobes, etc. — For mats, take two long-wooled skins, make a strong 
suds, using hot water; when it is cold wash the skins in it, carefully 
squeezing them between the hands to get the dirt out of the wool; 
then wash the soap out with clean cold water. Now dissolve alum and 
salt, of each half a pound, with a little hot water, which put into a 
tub of cold water sufficient to cover the skins, and let them soak in it 
over night, or twelve hours, then hang over a pole to drain. When 
they are well drained, spread or stretch carefully on a board to dry. 
They need not be tacked if you will draw them out several times with the 
hand, while drying. When yet a little damp, have one ounce, each, 
of saltpetre and alum, pulverized, and sprinkle on the flesh-side of 
each skin, rubbing in well ; then lay the flesh-sides together and hang 
in the shade for two or three days, turning the under skin uppermost 
every day, until perfectly dry. Then scrape the flesh-side with a blunt 
knife, to remove any remaining scraps of flesh, trim off" projecting 
points, and rub the flesh-side with pumice or rotten stone, and with 
the hands ; they will be very white and beautiful, suitable for a foot- 
mat, also nice in a sleigh or wagon of a cold day. They also make 
good robes, in place of the buffalo, if colored, and sewed together. 
And lamb-skins, (or sheep-skins, if the wool is trimmed oft' evenly to 
about one-half or three-fourths of an inch in length,) make most 
beautiful and warm mittens for ladies or gentlemen. 

7. Tanning Fur and other Skins— Fifty Dollar Recipe, — First, 
— Remove the legs and other useless parts, and soak the skin soft; 
then remove the flesh substances and soak in warm water for an hour; 
now : 

Take for each skin, borax, saltpetre, and glauber-salt, of each, 3^ 
oz., and dissolve or wet with soft water sufficiently to allow it to be 
spread on the flesh-side of the skin. 

Put it on with a brush, thickest in the centre or thickest part of 
the skin, and double the skin together, flesh-side in, keeping it in a 
cool place for twenty-four hours, not allowing it to freeze, however. 

Second, — Wash the skin clean, and then : 

Take sal-soda, 1 oz. ; borax, i^ oz. ; refined soap, 2 ozs. ; (Colgate's 
white soap is recommended as the best, but our "White Hard Soap" 
is the same quality) ; melt them slowly together, being careful not to 
allow them to boil, and apply the mixture to the flesh-side as at first 
—roll up again and keep in a warm place for 24 hours. 



Leather- Working Department, 455 

Third, — ^Wash the skin clean, as above, and have saleratns, two 
ounces, dissolved in hot rain water sufficient to well saturate the skin ; 
then : 

Take alum, 4 ozs. ; salt, 8 ozs, ; and dissolve also in hot rain water; 
when sufficiently cool to allow the handling of it without scalding, put 
in the skin for 12 hours; then wring out the water and hang up, for 
1-2 hours more, to dry. Repeat this last soaking and drying from 2 to 
4 times, according to the desired softness of the skin when finished. 

Lastly, — Finish by pulling, working, etc., and finally by rubbing 
with a piece of pumice-stone and fine sand-paper. 

This works admirably on slieep-skins as well as on fur-skins, dog, 
cat, or wolf-skins, also, making a durable leather, well adapted to 
washing. 

A man in our county paid fifty dollars for this recipe, and has 
made his money out of it many times. It is very valuable. 

8. Tanning: Deer and Woodchuck Skins for Whips, Strings, 
etc. — Prepare the skin according to the last recipe ; then : 

Take oil of vitriol, 1 oz. ; salt, 1 pt. ; milk, 3 qts.; mix. 

Now dip the skin in warm rain water, having sufficient saleratus 
in it to make it rather strong, or as in the third head of last recipe, 
and work and squeeze it well for a few minutes, then wring dry as 
convenient and put it into the vitriol mixture for fifty minutes, stirring 
all the time; now wring out and soak a while; and finally dry and 
work until soft. 

9. Grain-Side Blacking, for Ten Cents a Barrel.— Take a bar- 
rel and put into it quite a quantity of old iron, cast or wrought, then 
fill nearly full of soft water, and add 1 pt. of oil of vitriol; stir it up 
well, and in a month or two you have just as good blacking for the 
grain-side as could be made by using vinegar in place of water. 

This makes good blacking for boot, shoe, or harness edge, also. 
The acid used is so trifling that no injury will arise to the leather. 

Tanners will, of course, first apply the urine before applying the 
blacking, saving from ten to twenty dollars yearly, in this way, instead 
of the old plan of using vinegar. 

10. French Finish, for Leather.— Take a common wooden pail 
of scraps, (the legs and pates of calf-skins are the best,) and put a 
handful, each, of salt and pulverized alum amongst them, and let them 
stand three days; then boil them until you get a thick paste. In using 
you will warm it. In the first application, put a little tallow with it, 
and for the second, a little soft soap, and use it in the regular way of 
finishing, and your leather will be soft and pliable, like the French 
calf-skin. 

I have no doubt that this would make a good preparation for 
shoemakers to use in treeing-out, leaving a soft pliableness, not other- 
wise obtained. 

11. French Patent Leather. — The process which lias been so 
successfully adopted by the French artizans in glazing leather, so as 
to give it the repute for snperior quality and beauty which it now uni- 
versally sustains, is as follows : 

Work into the skin with appropriate tools three or four successive 
coatings of drying varnish, made by boiling linseed oil with white 
lead and litharge, in the proportion of one pound of each of the latter 
to a gallon of the former, and adding a portion of chalk or ochre — 
each coating being thoroughly dried before the application of the 
next. Ivory black is then substituted for the chalk or ochre, the var- 
nish thinned with spirits of turpentine, and five additional applications 



AtS J^^- Chase' s Recipes. 

made in the same manner as before, except that it is put on thin and 
not worked in. The leather is rubbed down with pumice-stone, in 
powder, and then placed in a room at 90 degrees, out of the way of 
dust. The last varnish is prepared by boiling 3^ lb. of asphaltum 
with 10 lbs. of the drying oil used in the first step of the process, and 
then stirring in 5 lbs. of copal varnish and 10 lbs. of turpentine. 

It must have a month's age before it is fit for use, in order to ex- 
hibit its true characteristics.— Z7. &» Gazette, 



PAINTER'S DEPARTMENT. 



DRYING OILS— To Prepare for Carriage, Wagon, and Floor 
Paintings. — Take linseed oil, 1 gal., and add gum shellac, 2 lbs. ; lith- 
arge, % lb.; red-led, % lb.; iiraber, 1 oz. Boil slowly, 3 or 3 hours, 
until the gums are dissolved. 

Grind your paints in this (any color) and reduce with turpentine. 
Yellow ochre is used for floor painting. This dries quick and wears 
exceedingly well. 

2. Drying Oil, Equal to the Patent Dryers.— Linseed oil, 2 
gals., and add litharge, red-lead, and umber, of each, 4 ozs., and sugar 
of lead and sulphate of zinc, of each, 2 ozs. 

Boil until it will scorch a feather. Use this, or either of the others, 
in quantity to suit the object of the work being done. 

3. Japan Dryer of the Best Quality.— Take linseed oil, 1 gal., 
and put into it gum shellac, % lb. ; litharge and burned Turkey um- 
ber, of each, }4, ^b.; red-lead, % 1^., and sugar of lead, 6 ozs. Boil in 
the oil until all are dissolved, which will require about 4 hours; re- 
move from the fire, and add spirits of turpentine. 1 gal., and it is done. 

While in Princeton, Indiana, after selling one of my books to T. 
& J. T. Ewing, extensive carriage manufacturers of that place, I ob- 
tained the foregoing recipe. It was published in a work printed in 
Columbus, Ohio, devoted to the art of painting. From this fact, and 
also that the gentlemen from whom I obtained it, had tested it and 
were using it, I have not myself tried it, but know, from the nature of 
the articles used, that nothing better will be required. 

4. Another. — Another dryer is made by taking linseed oil, 5 gals., 
and adding red-led and litharge, of each, ^% lbs.; raw umber, 1^ lbs. ; 
sugar of lead and sulphate of zinc, of each, 3^ lb.; pulverize all the 
articles together, and boil in the oil until dissolved; when a little cool, 
add turpentine, 5 gals, or to make it of a proper consistence. 

The gentleman of whom I obtained this recipe paid ten dollars for 
it. He was using it successfully, and said he used two or three drops 
of it to a quart of varnish also, and especially when the varnish did 
not drv readily. 

OIL— PAINT— To Reduce with Water.— Take gum shellac, 1 lb.; 
sal-soda, 3^ lb. ; water, 3pts.; put all into a suitable kettle and boil, 
stirring till all is dissolved. If it does not all dissolve, add a little more 
sal-soda; this, when cool, can be bottled for use. If it smells bad when 
opened, it does not hurt it. 

Directions for Using. — Mix up two quarts of oil paint as usual, 
except no turpentine is to be used — any color desired. Now put one 
pint of the gum shellac mixture with the oil paint when it becomes 
thick, and may be reduced with water to a proper consistence to lay on 
with the brush. Two coats will be required, and with the second coat 
Band may be applied if desired. I used this upon a picket-fence with 
white-lead and yellow ochre for the body, and a little lamp-black to 

20 



458 



Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 



give it a dark shade, putting on sand with the second coat. It is still 
firm and good, the work being done nearly four years ago. 

The sand was applied witli a tub-like box, with many small holes 
to allow the even spreading of the sand, as witli a pepper-box. I do 
not regret ushig this kind of paint, nor the sanding, as it adds much to 
the durability of any out-door painting. But a better plan of sanding 
is represented in the "Painter's Sanding Apparatus," on next page. 

2. Another Method.— Take soft water, 1 gal., and dissolve in it, 
pearlash, 3 ozs. ; bring to a boil, and slowly add shellac, 1 lb. ; when 
cold it is ready to be added to oil-paint, in equal proportions. The 
expense of these is only one-third of oil-paint. 

Some persons may think it bad policy to learn painters to reduce 
oil-paint with water, but I think every man should be told of the plan, 
who is going to have a job of work done, and if he makes up his mind 
to Xa'Y anything of the kind, it is then his own business; and I am per- 
fectly sincere in recommending it, for if there was any great fault in 
it four years would show it. 

3. It is made of tin ; the 
tube C, center upon the nozzle 
of a small bellows ; the sand 
is put into the funnel B, which 
stands perpendicular upon 
the apparatus when the broad 
mouth-piece A, is held level 
in using. The funnel dis- 
cliarges the sand, just below 
the nozzle of the bellows ; and 
by working the bellows the 
sand is blown evenly upon the 
freshly put on paint, through 
Painters' Sanding Apparatus. the mouth-piece A, the escape 
orifice not being over the sixteenth part of an inch in depth, and may 
be made two and a half or three inches wide. 

Many persons like the plan of sanding generally, after painting; 
but from the fact that when it is desired to renew the paint, brushes 
cannot last long upon the sand, I think it only proper to sand fences 
or fronts, where bovs' knims would be too freely used. 

PAINT SKINS— To Save and Reduce to Oil.— Dissolve sal -soda, 
3^ lb. ; in rain-water, 1 gal. 

The skins that dry upon the top of paint, which has been left 
standing for any length of time, may be made fit for use again by cov- 
ernig them with the sal-soda water and soaking them therein for a 
couple of days; then heat them, adding oil to reduce the mixture to a 
proper consistence for painting, and straining. Painters who are do- 
ing extensive business will save many dollars yearly by this simple 
process. 

NEW TIN ROOFS— Valuable Process for Painting.— Scrape off 
the resin as clean as possible, and sweep the roof, now: 

Dissolve sufficient sal-soda in a bucket of water to make it quite 
strong; wash the roof thoroughly with the soda water, and let it re- 
main until it is washed off by the rains, or after a few hours, washing 
off with clean water, rinsing well. 

When dry, give it one coat of pure Venetian-red, mixed with one- 
third boiled, and two-thirds raw hnseed-oil; the second coat may be 
any color desired. Tlie soda-water dissolves tlie resin remaining after 
scraping; destroys the greasy nature of the solder, and of the new tin, 




Painter'' s Department. 459 

so that there will be sufficient *' grip " for the paint to adhere firmly. 
The pure Venetian-red is one of the most durable paints for metallic 
roofs, but it is often rejected on account of its color. The above mode 
of painting will set aside tliis difficulty. 

2. Fire-Proof Paint— for Roofs, etc. — Slack stone-lime by put- 
ting it into a tub, to be covered, to keep in the steam. When slacked, 
pass the powder through a fineseive; and to each 6 qts, of it add 1 
qt. of rock salt, and water, 1 gal. ; then boil and skim clean. To each 
5 gals, of this add pulverized alum, 1 lb. ; pulverized copperas, 1^ lb. ; 
and still slowly add powdered potash, ^ lb.; and then fine sand, or 
hickory ashes, 4 lbs. 

Now add any desired color, and apply with a brush; looks better 
than paint, and is as durable as slate. It stops small leaks in roofs, 
prevents moss, and makes it incombustible; and renders brick imper- 
vious to wet. — Maine Farmer. 

3. Water Proof, Oil-Rubber Paint. — ^Dissolve about 5 lbs. of 
India rubber in 3 gal. of boiled linseed-oil, by boiling. If this is too 
thick, reduce with boiled oil ; if too thin, use more rubber. 

Especially applicable to cloth, but valuable for any other material. 

Frosting' Glass. — The frosty appearance of glass, which we often 
see, where it is desired to keep out the sun, or " man's observing eye," 
is done by using a paint composed as follows: 

Sugar of lead well ground in oil, applied as other paint; then 
pounced, while fresh, with a wad of batting held between the thumb 
and finger. 

After which it is allowed to partially dry; then with a straight- 
edge laid upon the sash, you run along by the side of it a stick sharp- 
ened to the width of line you wish to appear in the diamonds, figures, 
or squares, into which you choose to lay it oft"; most frequently, how- 
ever, straight lines are made an inch or more from the sash, according 
to the size of light, then the center of the light made into diamonds. 

ORIENTAL— Crystal Painting. — The colors used are Prussian- 
blue, crimson, white, and yellow-lakes, Rosseau, white-zinc, and No. 
40 carmine. Druggists keep them, in small tubes. They must be 
mixed with Demar-varnish, rubbing with a table-knife or spatula upon 
glass. 

Directions for Making Various Shades, or Compound Colors.— 
Proportion them about as follows: For green, 1-5 blue, 4-5 yellow; 
purple, 1-6 blue, 5-6 crimson ; orange, ^ crimson, ^ yellow; wine 
color, 1-12 blue, 11-12 crimson; pink, add a little crimson to white-zinc; 
brown, mix a dark purple, and add yellow according to the shade de- 
sired; black, add crimson to dark green until the shade suits you; to 
make the compound colors lighter, add the lightest color in it, and make 
darker by using more of the darkest color in the compound. For 
backgrounds: White, w^hite-zinc, or pink white with turpentine and 
boiled linseed-oil and Demar-varnish; black, lamp-black, with as- 
phaltum-varnish and boiled linseed-oil and turpentine in equal quan- 
tities; flesh-color, white-zinc with a small portion of crimson and 
crome-yellow, to suit. For sketching out the figures on the ground- 
work, use a little lamp-black with asphaltum varnish, turpentine and 
boiled linseed-oil, to make it flow freely. 

Directions for Painting. — Make your glass perfectly clean, 
and place it over the picture you wish to copy; then with the sketching 
preparation trace on the glass all the lines connected with the figures 
of the picture which you are copying, being careful to sketch vines very 
distinct; when the sketching is done and dry, proceed to lay on the 



460 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

background inside of the sketched lines, until all the sketching is 
closed ; and when the background is dry, proceed to put on the colors, 
commencing with green, if any in the figures, ending with yellow. 
When the colors are all laid, put the background upon the balance of 
the glass; and when all is dry, have tin foil crumpled very much in 
your hand, and then partly straightened out, and lay it over the figure, 
and keep it in its place by pasting paper over it in such a manner that 
it cannot slip away, letting the paper cover the whole back of the 
glass, or a wood back can be placed behind the glass, and all is com- 
plete, and will look well or ill, according to the practice and taste of the 
painter. 

2. Fancy Green. — ^Unscorched, pulverized cofi'ee, put into the 
white of an ^g'g^ will, in twenty-four hours, produce a very beautiful 
green for fancy painting — proof of poison in unbrowned coffee. 

SKETCHING PAPER— To Prepare.— Bleached linseed-oil, tur- 
pentine, ai4d balsam of fir, equal jDarts of each ; mix. 

Have a frame of a little less size than the paper to be prepared, 
and apply paste or thick gum solution to one side and the outer edge 
of it; wet the paper in clean water and lay it upon the frame, and 
press it down upon the pasted side of the frame, and turn the outer 
part of the paper over the outside of the frame upon the paste there, 
which holds it firm; and when it becomes dry it is tight like a drum- 
head; whilst in this condition, with a brush saturate it with the above 
mixture; three or four coats will be needed, giving each one time to 
dry before applying the next. Only sufficient is needed to make it 
transparent, so that when you wish to sketch a rose, or other flower or 
leaf, from nature, the paper can be placed upon it like the glass in the 
" Oriental Painting"; then trace the lines and finish it up in the same 
way also, as there described; or that you may see through it in taking 
perspective views of distant scenery. 

DOOR PLATES— To Make.— Cut your glass the right size, and 
make it perfectly clean with alcohol or soap; then cut a strip of tin-foil 
sufficiently long and wide for the name, and with a piece of ivory or 
other burnisher rub it lengthwise to make it smooth; now wet the glass 
with the tongue, (as saliva is the best sticking substance,) or if the 
glass is very large, use a weak solution of gum arable, or the white of 
an Qg^ in half a pint of water, and lay it on the foil, rubbing it down 
to the glass with a bit or cloth, then also with the burnisher; the more 
it is burnished the better will it look; now mark the width on the foil 
^hich is to be the height of the letter and put on a straight-edge and 
hold it firmly to the foil, and with a sharp knife cut the foil and take off 
the superfluous edges ; then either lay out the letters on the back of the 
foil, (so they shall read correctly on the front,) by your own judgment 
or by means of pattern-letters, which can be purchased for that pur- 
pose; cut with the knife, carefully holding down the pattern or 
straight-edge,^ whichever you use ; then rub down the edge of all the 
letters with the back of the knife, or edge of the burnisher, which pre- 
vents the black paint or Japan, which you next put over the back of 
the plate, from getting under the foil;*^ having put a line above and 
one below the name, or a border around the whole plate or not, as you 
bargain for the job. The japan is made by dissolving asphaltum in 
jnst enough turpentine to cnt it, (see " Asphaltum Varnish ") ; apply 
with a brush, as other paint, over the back of the letters and over the 
glass, forming a background. This is used on the iron frame of the 
plate also, putting it on when the plate is a little hot, and as soon as it 



Paintefs' Department. 



461 



cools it is dry. A little lamp-black may be rubbed into it, if vou de- 
sire It any blacker than it is without it. 

If jou choose, you can remove every other foil letter, after the 
japan IS dr}-, and paint in its place, red, blue, or other colored letters 
to make a greater variety out of which for your customers to choose as 
the one they desire you to follow in getting up their plate. Tin-foil 
being thicker than silver or gold-foil, will not show the paint throuji-h 
It in little spots, as they do ; but if these foils are desired to be used 
3'ou can put on two thicknesses, by proceeding as follows, which pre- 
vents the paint from showing through: lay on the first coat of these foils 
the same as directed for the tin-foil, and smooth it down by rubbino- 
on the front of the glass; then breathe ouit until a dampness is caused" 
now put on the second and burnish well, having paper over it; but in- 
stead of the knife to cut around your pattern or straight-edge, take a 
sharp needle, using the point, make lines through the leaf around the 
pattern letter or straight-edge; then with a bit of jewelers' wood, or 
other hard wood, made to a narrow and sharp point, remove all up to 
the lines, both in and around the letters, as these foils have not the 
substance to peel off as the tin-foil; japanning over them the same as 
the other letters. Paper letters can be cut out of advertisements and 
put on by wetting the glass the same as for the foil, japannino- over 
them, and when dry, removing them and painting the places out of 
which they came with various colors, as desired, as the japan will not 
peel, but makes a sharp and distinct edge; and these painted letters 
look well, in this way; and by taking advantage of printed letters, 
saves the skill and time necessary to form them. 

.„'^^ ^^\'^^^''^^^- ^"^ the name given below, A may be gold-foil: W 
will be blue; C, red; H, black; A, gold-foil; S, blue; E, red; M 
black; and again D, gold-foil, which any one can see makes a more 
showy plate than if it all were of one foil, or one color. 



A^EHASEiMJ. 



Set your glass in the frame with putty, and put a tiiiii coat of putty 
over the whole plate, as the plaster of Paris filling which is generally used 
soon eats out the japan or paint, and spoils the job. Persons with any 
l!!?^^^^!^ ^^^ ^F^ ^^^^ ^^^® ^ i^ice plate if they will pay attention 
to the above rules, as well as to pay five dollars for instructions, as a 
111 PJ^^"^® ^"st be had to become perfect, even if you do pay five 
dollars for an hour or two's telling and showing. Shellac varnish col- 
ored with lamp-black is good in place of the japan. See " Varnish- 
Transparent— for Wood." 

T- r,f^^"i^^ ^™ GRINDING UPON GLASS-Foi Signs, or Side 

iiignts.— lake the " Asphaltum Varnish," and with small pencil lay 
out the name or design, not putting the varnish upon the letters, but 
around it, leaving the space which the letters of the sign are to occupy, 
tree and clear, as seen in the above door-plate, represented in the 
wood cut, and by the way, a very nice style of letter for that purpose 
also, we think. 

The varnish is to cover the black surface in the sign or name. 
Ihe white line around the outside represents^ border, which improves 



462 Dr, Chasers Recipes, 

the appearance of the plate; when the varnish is dry, have some melt- 
ed beeswax, and as it begins to cool, with a knife take some of it up 
and scrape it off upon the edge of the glass being etched, so as to form 
a wall to hold the acid upon the glass while etching; now lay the 
glass flat and pour a little flouric acid on to the name, letter or design 
thus prepared, and let it remain on for one hour, not allowing the 
glass to be touched or moved for that time; then pour oif the acid into 
your bottle, and it can be used again. The asphalt prevents the acid 
from eating or etching only the letter, and the wax wall prevents 
the acid from flowing otf and being wasted. When you pour off the 
acid, wash the glass with a little water, scrape off the wax, and re- 
move the asphalt with a little turpentine and all is done. 

The above directions are for plain glass; but if you desire, you can 
gild the letter which is etched (eat out), or you can gild all except the 
letter, if desired, as described in the recipe for " Door Plates," or you 
can grind the surface of the glass, as described under the head of 
* 'Glass-grinding for Signs, Shades," etc. This applies equally well to 
"flashed," or what is called "stained glass," worked in the same way 
as above, putting the design or letters upon the stained side, which 
eats away color and leaves the design clean and white; or you can 
etch only a part of the way through the stain, which shows up the 
letter or flower lighter in color than the rest of the glass, which makes 
it look very beautiful for side-lights in halls, lamps, druggists' win- 
dows, etc. 

There are two kinds of colored glass — one is called '' Potmetal," 
the other "Flashed." The pot-metal glass is made by mixing the 
stain or coloring with melted glass, while making, and, consequently is 
alike all the way through. The stained glass is made by applying the 
color to one side of the glass after it is made, then applying sufficient 
heat to allow it to take hold of the glass only — the color is all oji one 
side; this is the kind desired. 

If it is desired to etch upon druggists' or other jars, it can be done 
by preparing the name to be put on, with the varnish and wax; then 
have a lead box without top or bottom, in shape on the lower edge to 
flt the shape of the jar, and press this down upon the wax to make it 
tight ; then pour your acid into the box, which keeps it in its place, the 
same as the wax does on a flat surface. Ornaments or flourishes can 
be put on as well as letters. 

The old plan was to cover the whole surface with wax, then re- 
move it from the letter, which was very slow and troublesome, and if 
a bit of wax remained upon the bottle, the acid could not cut where 
the wax remained, then to hold the glass over the fumes of the acid, 
instead of putting the acid on the glass. 

2. Crlass-Grrinding for Signs, Shades, etc. — After you have 
etched a name or other design upon uncolored glass, and wish to have 
it show oft' to a better advantage by permitting the light to pass only 
through the letters, you can do so by: 

Take a piece of flat brass sufliciently large not to dip into the letters, 
but pass over them when gliding upon the surface of the glass; then 
with flour of emery, and keeping it wet, you can grind the whole sur- 
face, very quicklj^ to look like the ground glass globes, often seen upon 
lamps, except the letter which is eaten below the general surface. 

Whole lights of glass can be ground in this way instead of frosting 
or the frosting can be done here in place of the grinding, if preferred. 

3. Fluoric Acid, To Make for Etching Purposes.— You can 
make your own fluoric (sometimes called hydro-fluoric) acid, by getting 



Painters^ Department, 463 

the fluor or Derbyshire spar, pulverizinoc it and putting all of it into 
sulphuric acid whicli the acid will cut or dissolve. 

Druggists tlirough tlie country do not keep tliis acid generally, 
but they can get it in the principal cities and furnish it for about 
seventy-five cents per ounce, and that ounce will do at least lifty dol- 
lars' worth of work. It is put up in gutta-perclia bottles, or lead bot- 
tles, and must be kept in them wlien not in use, having corks of the 
same material. Glass, of course, will not hold it, as it dissolves the 
glass, otlierwise it would not etch upon it. 

PORCELAIN FINISH— Very Hard and White, for Parlors.— To 
prepare the wood for the finish, if it be pine, give one or two coats of 
the " Varnish — Transparent — for Wood," which prevents the pitch 
from oozing out, causing the finish to turn yellow; next, give the room 
at least four coats of pure zinc, which may be ground in only sufficient 
oil to enable it to grind properly, then mix to a proper consistence 
with turpentine or naptha. Give eacli coat time to dry. Wlien it is 
dry and hard, sand-paper it to a perfectly smooth surface, when it is 
ready to receive the finish, which consists of two coats of Frencli zinc 
ground in, and thinned with Demar-varnish, until it works properly 
under the brush. 

Mr. Miles, of this city, one of our scientific painters, has been 
sufficiently kind to furnish me this recipe, prepared expressly for this 
work; therefore, the most explicit contidence may be placed in it; yet 
any one can judge for themselves from the luiture of the articles used, 
that it must be white and hard. He goes on to say that if the French 
zinc in varnish cannot be procured, the varnish may be whitened with 
zinc ground in oil, as a very good substitute, being careful not to use 
too much, in which case it will diminish the gloss, and be more liable 
to turn yellow. A little turpentine or naphtha may be added, if too 
thick to work well, but in no instance should oil be used to thin the 
paint. 

This finish, if properly applied, is very beautiful, and although 
purely white, maybe kept clean more easily than other kinds of paint- 
ing by simply using a dusting brush; or if soiled, a sponge wet in cold 
soft water without soap, is the better way. 

N. B. — Not a particle of white-lead should be used where this 
finish is to be applied, either in the priming, or any subsequent coats, 
or a brush that has been used in lead without being thoroughly 
cleansed, as a yellow hue will soon pre.<ent itself, which is caused by a 
chemical change taking place betweeii the lead and zinc. 

PAINTERS' ECONOMY IN MAKING COLORS.— Prussian Blue. 
— 1st. Take nitric acid, any quantity, and as much iron shavings from 
the lathe as the acid will dissolve; heat the iron as hot as can be 
handled with the hand ; then add it to the acid in small quantities as 
long as the acid will dissolve it, then slowly add double the quantity of 
soft water that there was of acid, and put in iron again as long as the 
acid will dissolve it. 2d. Take Prussiate of potash, dissolve it in hot 
water to make a strong solution, and make sufficient of it with the first 
to give the depth of tint desired, and the blue is made. Or: 

2. Another Method. — A verj'- passable Prussian-blue is made by 
taking the sulphat-.^ of iron (copperas) and Prussiate of Potash, equal 
parts of each, and dissolving each separately in water then mixing the 
two waters. 

3. Chrome Yellow. — 1st. Take sugar of lead and Paris white, 
of each 5 lbs. ; dissolve them in hot water. 2d. Take bi-chromate of 
potash, 6)^ ozs. and dissolve it iu hot water also, each article to be 



464 Dr, Chase's Recipes. 

dissolved separately, then mix all together, puttting in the bi-chromate 
last. Let stand twenty-four hours. 

4. Chrome Green. — Take Paris- white, 6^^ lbs. ; sugar of lead and 
blue vitriol, of each 33^ lbs.; alum, 10)^ ozs.; best soft Prussian-blue 
and chrome yellow, of each, 3)^ lbs. Mix thoroughly while in line 
powder, and add water 1 gal., stirring well, and let stand 3 or 4 
hours. 

5. Green — Durable and Cheap. — Take spruce yellow and color it 
with a solution of chrome yellow aud Prussian-blue, until you give it 
the shade you wish. 

6. Paris Green. — Take unslaked lime of the best quality, slake 
it with hot water; then take the finest part of the powder and add 
alum water, as strong as can be made, sufficient to form a thick paste, 
then color it with bi-chroniate of potash and sulphate of copper, 
until the color suits your fancy. N". B. — The sulphate of copper gives 
the color a blue tinge — the bi-chromate of potash a yellow. Observe 
this and you will never fail. 

7. Another Method.— Blue vitriol, 5 lbs. ; sugar of lead, 6)4 lbs. ; 
arsenic, 2)^ lbs. ; bi-chromate of potash, \%. ozs. ; mix them thorough- 
ly in fine powder, and add water, 3 pts, mixing well again, and let 
stand 3 or 4 hours. 

§. Pea Brown. — 1st. Take sulphate of copper, any quantity, 
and dissolve it in hot water. 2d. Take Prussiate of potash, dissolve it 
in hot water to make a strong solution. Mix of the two solutions, as in 
the blue, and the color is made. 

9. Rose Pink. — Brazil wood, 1 lb. and boil it for 2 hours, having 
1 gal. of water at the end; then strain it and boil alum 1 lb. in the 
same water until dissolved ; when sufficiently cool to admit the hand 
add muriate of tin, % oz. Now have Paris-white, 123^ lbs., moisten 
up to a salvy consistence, and when the first is cool, stir them thor- 
oughly together. Let stand 24 hours. 

When any of the above mixtures have stood as mentioned, in their 
respective recipes, all that is necessary is to drain off the water by 
placing the preparations into muslin bags for that purpose, and then 
exposing the mixture to the air, to dry for use. 

Glass, stone, or wood vessels only should be used, as the acids soon 
work upon iron, tin, copper, etc., giving you a tinge not desired 
in the coloi-; and always observe that if water is to be mixed with 
strong acids, it must be added slowly, especially if in light vials, or 
you will break the vessels by means of the great heat which is set free 
by the combination. Painters can use their own judgment about 
making these colors; but if they do not do it for profit, there will be 
pleasure in testing them, even in vials-ful only, as the chemical action 
is just as fine in small as in large quantities. 



BLACKSMITHS' DEPARTMENT, 



FILES AND RASPS— To Re- Cut by a Chemical Process.— Dis- 
solve saleratus, 4 ozs., to water, 1 qt., sufficient to cover the files, and 
boil them in it for half an hour ; then take out, wash and dry tliem ; 
now stand them in a jar, filling it up with rain water and sulphuric 
acid, in the proportion of water, 1 qt., to acid, 4 ozs. 

If the files are coarse, they will need to remain in about twelve 
hours; but for fine files, six to eight hours will be all-sufficient. When 
you take them out, wash tliera clean, dry quickly, and put a little 
sweet oil upon them, to prevent rust. 

This plan is applicable to blacksmiths, gunsmiths, tinners, copper- 
smiths, machinists, etc., etc. Copper and tin workers will only require 
a short time to take the articles out of their files, as the soft metals 
with which they become filled are soon dissolved, leaving the files 
about as good as new. For blacksmiths and saw-mill men it will re- 
quire the full time. 

They may be re-cut two or three times, making in all more service • 
than it took to wear out the file at first. 

The preparation can be kept and used as long as you see action 
take place upon putting the files into it. Keep it covered when not 
in use. 

If persons, when filing, would lift up the file, in carrying back, 
there would be no necessity of a re-cutting, but in drawing it back 
they soon turn a wire-edge, which the acid removes. It also thins the 
tooth. Many persons have doubted this fact; but I know that the 
common three-square file, (used for sharpening saws,) when worn out 
and thrown by, for a year or two, may be again used with nearly the 
same advantage as a new one. The philosophy of it is this: the ac- 
tion of the atmosphere acts upon the same principle as tlie acid, cor- 
rodes (eats off") the surfjice, giving anew a square cutting edge. Try 
it, all ye doubtful. I have tried both, and know their value. Boiling 
in the saleratus-water removes grease, and allows the acid to act upon 
the steel 

VARNISHES.— To Prevent Rust on Iron or Steel.— Tallow, 2 
ozs. ; resin, 1 oz. ; melt and strain while hot. 

Apply a light coat of this, and you can lay away any articles not 
in constant use, for any length of time, such as knives and forks, or 
mechanics' tools which are being laid by, or much exposed. But for 
axes or other new tools, which are exposed to the air before sold, you 
will find the following varnish preferable : 

2. Transparent, for Tools, Plows, etc.— Best alcohol, 1 gal.; 
gum sandarach, 2 lbs. ; gum mastic, % lb. Place all in a tin can 
which admits of being corked; cork it tight, and shake it frequently, 
occasionally placing the can in hot water. When dissolved, it is ready 
to use. 

This makes a very nice varnish for new tools which are exposed 
to dampness : the air, even, will soon (more or less) tarnish new work. 

3« Seek-No-Farther, for Iron or Steel.— Take best Gopal var- 



466 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 

nish, and add sufficient olive oil to make it feel a little greasy; then 
add nearly as much spirits of turpentine as there is of varnish, and 
you will probably seek no farther. 

4. Transparent Blue, for Steel Plows.— Take Demar varnish, 
3^ gal.; finely ground Prussian-blue, 3^oz. ; mix thoroughly. 

5. For ground steel plows, or other ground steel, one or two 
coats of this will be found sufficient to give a nice blue appearance, 
like highlj^-tempered steel. Some may wish a little more blue; if so, 
add the Prussian-blue to your liking. Copal varnish is not so trans- 
parent as the Demar, but if you will have a cheap varnish, use No. 4. 

6. Black, having a Polish, for Iron.— Pulverized gum asphal- 
tum, 2 lbs.; gum benzoin, i^ lb.; spirits of turpentine, 1 gal. ; to make 
quick, keep in a warm place and shake often ; shake to suit with finely 
ground ivory black. 

Apply with a brush. And it ought to be used on iron exposed to 
the weather as well as on inside work desiring a nice appearance or 
polish. Or : 

7. Varnisli for Iron. — Asphaltum, 8 lbs. ; melt it in an iron ket- 
tle; slowly adding boiled linseed oil, 5 gals. ; litharge, 1 lb. ; and sul- 
phate of zinc, 3^1b. ; continuing to boil for 3 hours; then add dark 
gum amber, \% lbs., and continue to boil 2 hours longer. When cool 
reduce to a proper consistence, to apply with a brush, with spirits of 
turpentine. 

8. I wish here, also, to state a fact which will benefit those wish- 
ing to secure vines or limbs of trees to the side of a white house, with 
nails, and do not wish to see a streak of rust down the white paint, aa 
follows : 

Make a hole, in which to start the nail, putting a little strip of zinc 
into the hole, and drive the nail in contact with the zinc. 

The electrical action of the two metals, in contact, prevents rust, 
proven by over eight years' trial. 

WELDIN<T — Cast Steel without Borax. — Copperas, 2 ozs.; salt- 
petre,! oz.; common salt, 6 ozs.; black oxyde of manganese, 1 oz. ; 
prussiate of potash, 1 oz.; all pulverized and mixed with nice welding 
sand, 3 lbs., and use it the same as you would sand. 

Higher tempered steel can be used with this better than with 
borax, as it welds at a lower heat — such as iJitchfork tines, toe-corks, 
etc. The pieces should be held together while heating. I have found 
some blacksmiths using it without the manganese; but from what I 
know of the purifying properties of that article upon iron, I am sure 
it must be preferable with it, as that is the principal purifier in the 
next lecipe. 

POOk IRON — To Improve. — Black oxide of manganese, 1 part; 
copperas and common salt, 4 parts each ; dissolve in soft water and 
boil until dry; when cold, pulverize, and mix quite freely with nice 
welding sand. 

Wlien you have poor iron which you cannot afford to throw away, 
heat it and roll it in this mixture, working for a time, re-heating, etc., 
will soon free it from all impurities, which is the cause of its rotten- 
ness. By this process you can make good horse-nails, even out of 
only common iron. 

WRITING UPON IRON OR STEEL, SILVER OR GOLD— Not 
to Cost the Tenth Part of a Cent per Letter. — Muriatic acid, 1 oz. ; 
nitric acid, 3^ oz. Mix, when it is ready for use. 

Directions. — Cover the place you wish to mark, or write upon, 
with melted bees-wax ; when cold, write the name plain with a tile 



Blacksmiths' Department. 467 

point or an instrument made for the purpose, carrying it through the 
wax and cleanino; the wax all out of theletter; then apply the mixed 
acids A'ith a feather, carefully tilling each letter; let it i-emain from 
one to ten minutes, according to the appearance desired; then put on 
some water, which dilutes the acids and stops the process. Either of 
the acids, alone, would cut iron or steel, but it requires the mixture to 
take hold of gold or silver. After you wash off the acids, it is best to 
applv a little oil. 

MILL-PICKS— To Temper.— To 6 qts. of soft water, put in pul- 
verized corrosive sublimate, 1 oz., and 2 hands of common salt; when 
dissolved it is ready for use. The lirst gives toughness to tlie steel, 
whilst the latter gives the hardness. I have found those who think 
it better to add sal-ammoniac, pulverized, 2 ozs., to the above. 

Directions. — Heat the picks to only a cherry red and plunge 
them iu and do not draw any temper. In working mill-picks, be very 
careful not to overheat them, but work them at as low a heat as possi- 
ble. The reason why so many fail in making good picks, is that they 
don't work them at as low heat as they should. With care upon that 
point, and the above fluid, no trouble will be experiencetl, even on the 
best diamond burrs. Be sure to keep the preparation covei-ed when 
not in use, as it is poison. Pigs or dogs might drink of it, if left un- 
covered. This is the mixture which has gained me the name of hav- 
ing the best preparation in use for mill-picks, and the certificates on 
this subject, but as I have some others which are very highly spoken 
of, I give you a few others. 

2. An English miller, after buying my book, gave me the fol- 
lowing recipe, for which he paid ten dollars. He had used it all his 
life, or from the time he began business for himself, (about thirty 
years,) and he would use no other : 

Salt, 3^ tea-cup ; saltpetre, '^/^ oz. ; alum, pulverized, 1 tea-spoon ; 
soft water, 1 gal. ; never heating over a cherry red, nor drawing any 
temper. 

3. Saltpetre, sal-ammoniac, and alum, of each, 2 ozs.; salt, 13^ 
lbs.; water, 3 gals.; and draw no temper. 

There must be something in this last, as the next one I obtained 
at least five hundred miles from where I did this, and both from men 
who knew their value, and yet they resemble each other near enough 
to be called " The Twins." 

4. Mill-Picks and Saw-Gummers, To Temper,— Saltpetre and 
alum, each, 3 ozs ; sal-ammoniac, 3^ oz. ; salt, \y^ ihs. ; soft water, 3 
gals. Heat to a cherry red and plunge them in, and draw no temper. 

The steel must never be heated above a cherry i-ed, and in working 
and drawing the picks there ought to be quite an amount of light 
water-hammering, even after the steel is quite cool. Once more, and 
I am done : yet it may be possible that the last, in this case, may be 
the best ; read it. 

5. Mill-Pick Tempering, as done by Church, of Ann Arbor. — 
"Water, 3 gals. ; salt, 2 qts. ; sal-ammoniac and saltpetre, of each, 2 
ozs. ; ashes from Nvhite-ash bark, 1 shovel, whicii causes the picks to 
scale clean and white as silver. 

I obtained this recipe of a blacksmith who paid young Mr. Church 
five dollars for it, he coming into the shop and showing him how to 
work the picks, as also the composition. His instructions were, not to 
hammer too cold, to avoid flaws; not to heat too high, Miiich opens the 
pores of the steel, nor to heat more than one or two inches of the pick 
when tempering. The gentleman says, if care is taken in heating and 



468 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

working, that no other tempering liquid will equal it, yet he spoiled 
the tirst batch by over-heating, even after Mr. Church had taken all 
pains to show him. They (the Messrs. Church) Iiave picks s^nt to 
them, for tempering, from Illinois and even Wisconsin. 

BUTCHER-KNIVES.— Spring Temper and lieautiful Edg^e.— In 
forging out the knife, as you get it near to its proper thickness, be very 
careful not to heat it too high, and to water-hammer, as for mill-picks. 
When about to temper, heat only to a cherry red, and hold it in such 
a way that you can hold it plumb as you put it into the water, which 
prevents it from springing — put in plumb into the water, and it will 
come out straight. 

Take it from the water to the fire, and jmss it through the blaze 
until a little hot; then rub a candle over it upon both sides, and back 
to the fire, passing it backward and forward, in the blaze, turning it 
over often to keep the heat even over the whole surface, until the tal- 
low passes off as though it went into the steel; then take out and rub 
the candle over it again (on both sides each time) and back to the fire, 
passing it as before, until it starts into a blaze, with a snap, being 
careful that the heat is even over the whole length and width of the 
tool; then rub the tallow over it again, and back, for 3 times, quickly, 
as it burns off; and lastly, rub the tallow over it again, and push it 
into the dust of the forge, letting it remain until cold. 

If these directions are followed with dexterity, you will have the 
temper alike from edge to back; and the edge will be the best you ever 
saw. As Davy Crockett used to say, " It will jump higher, dive 
deeper," shave more hogs, bend farther without breaking, and give 
better satisfaction than all other knives put together. 

It works equally well on drawing-knives and other thin tools; and 
for trap-springs which are to be set on dry ground ; but if set in water, 
" pop goes the weasel " the first time the trap is sprung. But the fol- 
lowing is the plan for tempering springs for general trapping : 

2. TRAP SPRINGS— To Temper.— For tempering cast-steel trap 
springs, all that is necessary is to heat them in the dark just that you 
may see it is red, then cool them in lukewarm water. This is a short 
recipe, but it makes long-lasting springs. 

The reason why darkness is required to temper springs is that a 
lower degree of heat can be seen in the night than by daylight; and 
the low heat and warm water give the desired temper. 

SILVER PLATING— For Carriage Work.— First, let the parts 
which are to receive the plate be filed very smooth; tiien apply over 
the surface the muriate of zinc, which is made by dissolving zinc in 
muriatic acid; now hold this part over a dish containing hot soft sol- 
der, (pewter solder is probably the softest,) and with a swab apply the 
solder to the part, to which it adheres; brush off all superfluous solder, 
so as to leave the surface smooth ; you will now take No. 2 fair silver 
plate, of the right size to cover the surface of the part prepared with 
solder, and lay the plate upon it and rub it down smooth with 
a cloth, which is moistened with oil, then, with a soldering-iron, 
pass slowly over all the surface of the plate, which melts the solder 
underneath it, and causes the plate to adhere as firmly as the solder 
does to the iron; then i^olish the surface, finishing with buckskin. 

The soldering-irons must be tinned, and also kept very smooth, 
and used at about the same heat as for soldering tin. 

IRON— To Prevent Welding. — Where it is desired to weld two 
bars of iron together, for making axletrees or other purposes, through 
which you wish to have a bolt-hole, without punching out a piece of 



Blacksmiths^ Department. 469 

the iron, you will take a piece of wet pasteboard, the width of the bar 
and the length you desire not to weld, and i)lace it between the two 
pieces of iron, and liold them firmly upon the pasteboard while taking 
the heat, and the iron will weld up to the pasteboard, but not where it 
is; then open the hole, with swedge and punch, to the desired size. 

In this way blacksmiths' tongs may be relaid. without the trouble 
of cutting the joints apart and making a new jaw. Simply fit two 
pieces of iron, the thickness you wish to add to the jaws of the tongs, 
have them of the right length and width also, then take them both 
between the jaws and heat them so you can pound them together, that 
they will fit closely for a weld ; now put a piece of the wet pasteboard 
between the pieces which you are to weld, having the handles of the 
tongs stand sufficiently apart that you may put on a link or ring to 
hold all firmly; then put into the fire, and take a good welding heat; 
and yet they do not weld wliere the paper was between them; if tliey 
stick a little at the end, just put them on the swedge and give them a 
little tap with the hammer, and they will fly right apart as nice as new. 
I am told that the dust from the ground or floor of the blacksmith- 
shop is as good as the pasteboard, yet I have not seen that tried; but I 
know there is no mistake in the other; and yet I have found one 
blacksmith who declared he would not believe it could be done, even 
if he saw it. 

CAST-IRON — To Case-Harden. — Cast-iron may be case-hardened 
by heating to a red heat, and then rolling it in a composition composed 
of equal parts of prussiate of potash, sal-ammoniac, and saltpetre, all 
pulverized and thoroughly mixed; then plnnged, while yet hot, into 
a bath containing 2 ozs. of the prussiate, and 4 ozs. of the sal-ammo- 
niac to each gal. of cold water. — Scientific Artisari. 

2. Cast-Iron— The Hardest — To Soften for Drilling.— Heat to a 
cherry red, having it lie level in the fire, then with a pair of cold tongs 
put on a piece of brimstone, a little less in size than you wish the hole 
to be when drilled, and it softens entirely through the piece; let it lie 
in the fire until a little cool, when it is ready to drill. 

Sleigh-shoes have been drilled, by this plan, in five minutes, after 
a man had spent half a day in drilling one-fourth of an inch into it. 
It is applicable to any article which can be heated without injury. 

WROUGHT-IRON— To Case-Harden.— To^ case-harden wrought 
iron, take the prussiate of potash, finely pulverized, and roll the arti- 
cle in it, if its shape admits of it; if not, sprinkle the powder upon it 
freely, while the iron is hot. 

Tliis is applicable to iron axle-trees, by heating the axle-tree and 
rolling the bottom of it in the powder, spread oat for that purpose, 
turning it up quickly and pouring cold water upon it, getting it into 
the tub of cold water as quick as possible. They will wear for years, 
without showing wear. 

2, Welding a Small Piece of Iron upon a Lar^e One, with only 
a Light Heat. — It is often desirable to weld a small bit of iron upon a 
large bar, when the large piece must be heated equally hot as the small 
one. To save this : 

Take borax, 1 lb.; red oxide of iron, 1 to 2 ozs.; melt them to- 
gether in a crucible; and when cold, pulverize it and keep the powder 
dry for use. 

When you want to perform the operation, just bring the large 
piece to a white heat, having a good welding heat upon the small slip; 
take the large one from the fire, and sprinkle some of the powder 
upon the place, and bring the other upon it, applying the hammer 



47^ Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

smartly, and the weld will be as good as could be made with ^^greatei^ 
heat without the powder. 

BRONZING— For Iron or Wood.— First, make a black paint; then 
put in a little chrome-yellow, only suflicient to give it a dark-green 
shade; apply a coat of this to the article to be bronzed; when dry, 
give it a coat of varnish; and when the varnish is a little dry, dust on 
bronze by dipping a piece of velvet into the bronze and "shaking it 
upon the varnish ; then give it another coat of varnish, and when dry, 
all is complete. 

Cast-iron bells, which are now being extensively introduced to the 
farming community, will be much improved in their appearance by 
the bronzing, and also protected from rust, without injury to its sound. 
Iron fences around yards, porches, verandahs, etc., will be much im- 
proved by it. It mav also be applied to wood, if desired. 

TRUSS SPRINGS.— Directions for Blacksmiths to Make— Better 
than the Patent Trusses. —After havmg tried the various kinds of 
trusses, over two years, havmg to wear one upon each side, I gave them 
all up as worse than useless. 

I then went to a blacksmith and had springs made, bending them 
as represented in the cut. 




TRUSS SPRING. 

Then they were bent to suit the shape of the body, and to press 
upon the body only sufficient, after the pads are put on, to hold back 
that which would otherwise protrude. The pad upon the back end of 
the spring I make of sole-leather, covered witli cotton or linen cloth, 
havmg stufied in a little batting to make it rest as easy as possible. 
The front pad I make by having a piece of wood turned the shape 
and size of a small hen's-egg, sawing it through the center lengthwise, 
putting two screws into it through the holes represented in the end of 
the spring for that purpose. The back pad is secured by one screw 
only. The spring is oiled, then covered with sheep-skin, to prevent 
rusting. Then it is secured around the body with a leather strap and 
buckle, or with a piece of cloth sewed into a string of suitable width 
to sit easy wliere it bears upon the hip, in passing to tie upon the other 
end of the sprmg^ just back of the front pad. The bend which is 
given the spnng, before it is bent to the shape of the body, gives it 
room to rise when the leg is raised, without lifting the pad from its 
position, saving the necessity of another strap to pass around under the 
thigh, as with the patent truss, which is very annoying to the wearer. 
Make the springs of spring-steel, about y^ ^^ V^ <^t ^'^ '\\iQ\\ in width, 
and about 1-16 in thickness, and of sufficient length to have a bearing 
just short of the spine. 

I now speak from eiglit years' personal experience, which ought 
to be a sufficient length of time for an experiment to be well estab- 
lished. 



TINNERS' DEPARTMEN. 



BLACK VARl^ISH— For Coal Buckets.— Asphaltum, 1 lb.; lamp- 
black, 14 lb.; resin, % ^^-'i spirits of turpentine, 1 qt. 

Dissolve the asphaltum and resin in the turpentine; then rub up 
the lamp-black with linseed oil, only sufficient to form a paste, and 
mix with the others. Apply with a brush. 

JAPAN FLOW FOR TIN— All Colors.— Gum sandarach, 1 lb.; 
balsam of fir, balsam of tolu, and acetate of lead, of each, 2 ozs. ; lin- 
seed oil, 3^ pt. ; spirits of turpentine, 3 qts. 

Put all into a suitable kettle, except the turpentine, over a slow 
fire, at first, then, raise to a higher heat until all are melted; now take 
from the fire, and when a little cool, stir in the spirits of turpentine 
and strain through a fine cloth. This is transparent; but by the fol- 
lowing modifications any or all the various colors are made from it. 

2. Black.— Prussian blue, % oz.; asphaltum, 2 ozs.; spirits of 
turpentine, Vi pt. 

Melt the asphaltum in the turpentine ; rub up the blue with a 
little of it, mix well, and strain; then add the whole to one pint of the 
firsts above. 

3. Blue.— Indigo and Prussian blue, both finely pulverized, of 
each, % oz. ; spirits of turpentine, 1 pt. Mix well and strain. 

Add of this to one pint of W\q first until the color suits. 

4. Red.— Take spirits of turpentine, % pt; add cochineal, % oz.; 
let stand 15 hours, and strain. 

Add of this to t\\Q first to suit the fancy. 

5. Yellow.— Take 1 oz. of pulverized root of curcuma and stir of 
it into 1 i)t. of the first, until the color pleases you, let stand a few 
hours, and strain. 

6. Green.— Mix equal parts of the blue and yellow together, then 
mix with the -first until it suits the fancy. 

7. Oran'^e.— Mix a little of the red with more of the yellow and 
then with x\\q first as heretofore, until pleased. 

8. Pink.— Mix a little of the blue to more in quantity of the 
red, and then with the first until suited. 

In this simple and philosophical way you get all the various colors. 
Apply with a brush. 

GOLD LACQUER FOR TIN.— Transparent, all Colors.— Alcohol 
in a flask, % pt. ; add gum shellac, 1 oz. ; tumeric, % oz. ; red-sanders, 
}i oz. Set the flask in a warm place, shake frequently for 12 hours or 
more, then strain off the liquor, rinse the bottle and return it, corkmg 
tightly for use. 

When this varnish is used, it must be applied to the work freely 
and flowing, or, if the work admits of it, it maybe dipped into the 
varnish, and laid on the top of the stove to dry, which it will do very 
quickly; and they must not be rubbed or brushed while drymg; or 
the article may be hot when applied. One or more coats may be laid 



472 ♦ Dr, Chase's Recipes, 

on, as the color is required more or less light or deep. This is applied 
to lanterns, etc. If any of it should become thick from evaporation, at 
any time, thin it with alcohol. And by the following modilications, 
all the various colors are obtained: 

Si. Rose Color. — Proceed as above, substituting ^ oz. of finely 
ground, best lake, in place of the tumeric. 

3. Blue. — The blue is made by substituting pulverized Prussian 
blue, 3^ oz. in place of the tumeric. 

4. Purple. — Add a little of the blue to the first. 

5. Green. — Add a little of the rose-color to the first. 

Here again philosophy gives a variety of shades with only a slight 
change of materials or combinations, 

liACQUER FOR BRASS.— Transparent.— Tumeric root, ground 
fine, 1 oz.; best dragon's blood, "% dr.; put into alcoliol, 1 pt.; place in 
a moderate heat, shake well for several days. It must be strained 
through a linen cloth and put back into the bottle, and add powdered 
gum shellac, 3 ozs. ; then keep as before in a warm place for several 
thiys, frequently shaken; then again strained, bottled and corked 
tiglit. 

Lacquer is put upon metal for improving its appearance and pre- 
serving its polish. It is applied with a brush when the metal is warm, 
otherwise it will not spread evenly. 

IRON— To Tin for Soldering or Other Purposes.— Take any 
quantity of muriatic acid and dissolve all tlie zinc in it that it will cut; 
then dilute it with one-fourth as much soft water as of acid, and it is 
ready for use. 

This, rubbed upon iron, no matter how rusty, cleanses it and leaves 
some of the zinc upon the surface, so that solder readily adheres to it, 
or copper as mentioned below for coppering iron or steel. 

2. Iron, Iron Wire, or Steel, to Copper the Surface. — Rain 
water, 3 lbs. ; sulphate of copper, 1 lb. Dissolve. 

Have the article perfectly clean ; then wash it with this solution 
audit immediately exhibits a copper surface. 

Lettering on polished steel is done in this way; flowering or orna- 
menting can also be done in the same way. Sometimes dilute muriatic 
acid is used to clean the surface ; the surface must be clean by filing, 
rubbing, or acid; then cleaned by wiping off", 

COPPER— To Tin for Stew-Dishes or Other Purposes.— Wash 
the surface of the article to be tinned, with sulphuric acid ; and rub 
the surface well, so as to have it smooth and free of blackness caused 
by the acid; then sprinkle calcined and finely pulverized sal-ammoniac 
upon the surface, holding it over a fire where it will become suflicient- 
ly hot to melt a bar of solder which is to be rubbed over the surface; 
if a stew-dish put the solder into it and swab it about when melted. 

You will wipe off any surplus solder, and also for the purpose of 
smoothing the surface, by means of a tow or cotton swab, tied or tack- 
ed to a rod. In this way any dish or copper article may be nicely 
tinned. 

BOX-METAL— To Make for Macliinery.— Copper, 4 parts; lead, I 
part — zinc is sometimes substituted for the lead — either makes a dura- 
ble box for journals. 

Printer's worn out type, in place of the lead, makes an improve- 
ment 

SOLDERS— For Brazing.— Copper, 3 parts; zinc, 2 parts, or sheet 
brass, 3 parts; zinc, 1 part. 

2. Solder for Lead.— Take tin, 1 part; lead, 3 parts. 



Tinners' Department. 47^ 

3. Solder for Tin. — Lead, 10 parts; tin, 7 parts. 

4. Solder for Britannia. — Bismuth, % of one part; tin, 1 part; 
lead, 1 part. 

BRITANNIA— To Use Old, Instead of Block Tin, in Solder.— Take 
old Britannia and melt it; and while hot sprinkle sulphur over it and 
stir for a short time. 

This burns out the other articles in it, and leaves the block tin, 
which may now be used for making solder as good as new tin. 

TIN— To Pearl, or Crystalize.— Sulphuric acid, 4 ozs.; soft water, 
2 or 3 ozs., according to strength of the acid; salt, 1 oz. ; mix. 

Heat the tin quite hot over a stove or heater; then with a sponge 
wet with the mixture, washing off directly with clean water. Dry the 
tin; then varnish it with Demar varnish. 

This brings out the crystaline nature of the tin. Used in making 
water-coolers, spittoons, etc. 

2. Tinning Flux— Improved. — It has been customary for tinners 
to use the muriate of zinc only; but if you take 1 lb. of muriatic acid 
and put in all the zinc it will cut; then put in 1 oz. of sal-ammoniac, 
you will have no more trouble with old dirty or greasy seams. 

Sometimes I think it is still improved by adding to it an equal 
amount of soft water. 

3. Liquid Glue, for Labeling Upon Tin.— Boiling water one 
quart, borax, pulverized, two ounces; put in the borax; then add gum 
shellac four ounces, and boil until dissolved. 

Labels put upon tin witli common glue or commom paste will 
not stick long. But this preparation obviates the difficulty entirely. 

SCOURING LIQUID— For Brass, Door-Knobs, etc.- Oil of vit- 
riol, 1 oz. ; sweet oil, )^ gill; pulverized rotten stone, 1 gill; rain- 
water, 13^ pts., mix all, and shake as used. 

Appl}^ with a rag, and polish with buck-skin or old woolen. This 
makes as good a preparation as can be purchased, and for less than 
half the money. It does not give a coating, but is simply a scourer 
and polisher. The following gives it a silver coating: 

SCOURING POWDER— For Copper or Worn Plated Goods.— 
Nitrate of silver and common salt, of each, 30 grs. ; cream-of-tartar Vy^ 
drs. ; pulverize fineh^ mix thoroughly and botLio for use. 

When desired to re-silver a worn spoon or other article, first clean 
them with the " Scouring Liquid;" then moisten a little of the powder 
and rnb it on thoroughly with a piece of buck-skin. For Jewelry, see 
" Jewelry Department." 

OIL CANS— Size of Sheet, for From 1 to 100 Gallons.— 

For 1 gallon, 7 by 20 inches. 25 gallons, .. .30 bv 56 inches. 

3§" 10 by 28 " ~ "" ' "" 

5 " 12 by 40 " 

6 " 14 by 40 '• 

10 " 20 by 42 " 

15 " 30 by 42 " 



25 gallons, 


...30 bv 56 


40 


..30 by 63 


50 " 


. .40 by 70 


75 


..40 by 84 


100 *' . 


. .40 by 98 



GUI\ISMITHII\IG DEPARTMENT. 



GUN-BARRELS.— Browning Process.— Spirits of nitre, 1 lb.; 
alcohol, 1 lb. ; corrosive sublimate, 1 oz. ; mix in a bottle, and keep 
corked for use. 

Directions. — Plug both ends of the brrrel, and let the plugs stick 
out three or four inches, to handle by, and also to prevent the fluid 
from entering the barrel, causing it to rust; polisli the barrel per- 
fectly; then rub it well with quick-lime by means of a cloth, which 
removes oil or grease ; now apply the browning fluid with a clean white 
cloth, apply one coat and set in a warm, dark place, until a red rust is 
formed over the whole surftace, which will require, in warm weather, 
from ten to twelve hours, and in cold weatlier, from litteen to twenty 
hours, or until the rust becomes red; then card it down with a gni;- 
maker's card and rub off witli a cleaii cloth; repeat the process uiuzl 
the color suits, as each coat gives a darker shade. 

2. Quicker and Less Laborious Process. — While in Evansville, 
Indiana, I sold one of my books to C. Keller, a man who carries on 
gunsmithing, extensivelj\ He gave me tlie following, which he was 
using, and says it makes a dark brown, with but little labor compared 
with the lirst. 

Soft water, 1 qt., and dissolve in it blue vitriol, 2 ozs. ; corrosive 
sublimante, t oz. ; and add 1 oz. of spirits of nitre. Have the barrel 
bright and put on one coat of the mixture ; and in 1 hour after, put on 
another, and let the bariel stand 12 honrs ; then oil it and rub it with 
a cloth, of course having the ends of the barrel tightly plugged, as in 
the first case. 

But Mr. Sutherland, the gunsmith of this citj', says the brown 
from this recipe will soon rub ott" ; none being permanent unless carded 
down properly as directed with the first recipe, that mixture being also 
superior. 

3. Browning for Twist Barrels. — Take spirits of nitre, ^ oz.; 
tincture of steel, % oz. ; (if the tincture of steel cannot be obtained, 
the unmedicated tincture of iron may be used, but it is not so good) 
black brimstone, ^ oz.; blue vitriol, 32 <^z. ; corrosive sublimate, 3^ 
oz. ; nitric acid, 1 dr. or 60 drops; copperas, 3^ oz. ; mix with \% pts. 
of rain water, keep corked, also, as the other, and the process of 
applying is also the same. 

You will understand this is not to make an imitation of twist bar- 
rels, but to be used upon the real twist barrels, which brings out the 
twist so as to show; but if you use the first upon the real twist bar- 
rels, it will make the whole surface brown like the common barrel. 

CASE-HARDENING.— For Lock- Work.— Take old boots and 
shoes and lay them on a tire, and burn them until charred; now put 
them into a clean kettle and pulverize them coarsely, while hot; be 
careful not to get any wood coals ujixed with them. 

Directions. — Take the pulverized leather and place in a sheet- 
iron box, or amongst the pulverized leather, and cover with a sheet- 



■ Gunsmithtng Department. 475 

iron cover; or make the box so as to shut np ; now blow up a fire of 
very dry charcoal ; the coarser the charcoal the better ; then open the 
fire and place the closed box in the centre, cover it up and let stand 
from forty to sixty minutes, not blowing; but if the coals burn off and 
leave the box exposed, you will put on more ; at the expiration of the 
time, take the box and pour its contents into clean, moderately cool or 
cold water — never use warm water ; these articles will now be found 
very hai-d, and will easily bre'ak; so you will draw the temper to suit. 

JBUOKEN SAWS.— To Mend Permanently.— Pure silver, 19 parts ; 
pure copper, 1 part ; pure brass, 2 parts; all are to be filed into powder 
and intimately mixed. If the saw is not recently broken, apply the 
tinning preparation of the next recipe. 

Place the saw level upon the anvil, the broken edges in close con- 
tact, and hold them so ; now put a small line of the mixture along the 
seam, covering it with a larger bulk of powdered charcoal ; now, with 
a spirit-lamp and a jewelers' blow pipe, hold the coal-dust in place, 
and blow sufficient to melt the solder mixture ; then with a hammer 
set the joint smooth, if not already so, and file away any superfluous 
solder ; and you will be surprised at its strength. The heat upon a 
saw does not injure its temper as it does other tools, from the fiact that 
the temper is rolled in, in place of by heat and water. 

TINNING.— Superior to the Old Process.— Take first, the same as 
the old way, that is, muriatic acid, 1 pt., and as much pure block or 
sheet zinc as it will cut, in an open dish, a bowl, or sometning of that 
character, as much heat is set free and bottles are often broken by it; 
now take sal-ammoniac, 4 ozs. ; pulverize it and add to the other, and 
boil 10 minutes in a copper kettle — bear in mind only copper is to be 
used to boil in. 

You will find this will cause the solder to flow right along without 
difficulty. Keep corked tight when not in use. 

VARNISH AND POLISH FOR STOCKS.— German.— Gum shel- 
lac, 10 ozs. ; gum sandarach, 1 oz. ; Venice turpentine, 1 dr. ; alcohol, 
95 to 98 proof, 1 gal. ; shake the jug occasionally, for a day or two, 
and it io ready for use. 

After usiiig a few coats of this, you can have a German polish, by 
simply leaving out 8 ozs. of the shellac ; and a coat or two of the 
polish makes an improvement on the varnish, and does not require the 
rubbing, that it would if the full amount of shellac was used, in the 
last coat or two. It is recommended also to put upon cuts, sores, etc., 
Istrns excepted. 



.JEWELERS' DEPARTMENT. 



GALVANIZING.— Without a Battery.— -Dissolve cyanuret of 
potassium, 1 oz., in pure rain or snow water, 1 pt., to which add a 1 
dr. bottle of the chloride of ^old, and it is ready to use. Scour the 
article to be plated, from all dirt and grease, with whiting, chalk, or 
rotten stone, pulverized, and put in alcohol, using a good brush — or 
the " Polishing Compound," No. 3 ; if there are cracks, it may be nec- 
essary to put the article in a solution of caustic potash — at all events, 
every particle of grease and dirt must be removed ; then suspend the 
article to be plated in the cyanuret of gold solution, with a small strip 
of zinc cut about the width of a common knitting-needle, hooking the 
top over a stick which will reach across the top of the jar holding the 
solution. 

Every five to ten minutes the article should be taken out and 
brushed over with the scouring preparation ; or on smooth surfaces it 
may be rinsed off and wiped with a piece of cotton cloth, and return 
until the coating is suflBciently heavy to suit. 

When the plating fluid is not in use, bottle it, keeping it corked, 
and it is alwaj'^s ready for use, bearing in mind that it is as poison as 
arsenic, and must be put higli, out of the way of children, and labeled 
— Poison, although you will have no fears in using it ; yet accidents 
might arise, if its nature were not known. The zinc strip, as far as it 
reaches into the fluid, will need to be rubbed occasionally, until it is 
brignt. 

2. Galvanizing With a Shilling Battery. — I have found some 
persons who thought it much better to use a simple battery, made by 
taking a piece of copper rod about three-eighths of an inch in thick- 
ness, and about eighteen or twenty inches long, and bend it, as seen in 
the accompanying cut : 




SHILLING BATTERY. 

The rod should be about 4 or 5 inches in the circle or bend, then 
run parallel, having 5 strips of sheet zinc, an inch wide and 6 to 8 
inches long, bent in their centre around the copper, with a rivet 
through them, close to the rod, as shown above ; these strips of zinc 
are to be placed into tumblers, which are to be nearly filled with rain 
water ; then pour into each tumbler a little oil of vitriol, until you see 
that it begins to work a little on the zinc. 



Jewelers* Department. 477 

The article to be plated is to be suspended upon the stick of zinc, 
as represented upon the long- end of the rod, which is to be placed as 
before spoken of, in ajar containing the gold solution, instead of hav- 
ing it upon the stick spoken of when plating without the battery. 
And all the operations are the same as before described. 

JEWELRY. — Cleaning and Polishing: Compound. — Aqua am- 
monia, 1 oz. ; prepared chalk, Y^ oz. ; mix, and keep corked. 

To use for rings, or other smooth-surfaced jewelry, wet a bit of 
cloth with the compound, after having shaken it, and rub the article 
thoroughly ; then polish by rubbing with a silk handkerchief or piece 
of soft buck-skin. For articles which are rough-surfaced, use a suit- 
able brush. It is applicable for gold, silver, brass, britannia, plated 
goods, etc. 







05 



CO i> 00 C5 o -i-H 

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FARRIERS' DEPARTMENT. 



CHOLIC— Cure for Horses or Persons.— Spirits of turpentine, 3 
ozs. ; laudanum, 1 oz. ; mix, and give all for a dose, by putting it into 
a bottle with ^ pt. of warm water, which prevents injury to the throat. 
If relief is not obtained in one hour, repeat the dose, adding 3^ oz. of 
the best powdered aloes, well dissolved together, and have no uneasi- 
ness about the result. 

Symptoms. — The horse often lies down, suddenly rising again, 
with a spring, strikes his belly with his hind feet, stamps with his fore 
feet, and refuses every kind of food, etc. I suppose there is no medi- 
cine in use, for cholic, either in man or horse, equal to this mixture. 

For persons, a dose would be from one to two tea-spoons, children 
or loeak persons, less, according to the urgency of the symptoms, to be 
taken in warm water or warm tea. 

I have been familiar with it for about five years, and know that it 
has been successful in many cases — all, where it has been used. Many 
think it the best cholic remedy in the world. 

2. Another. — Laudanum, % oz. ; sulphuric ether, 1 oz. Mix, 
and for a horse, give all at a dose, in warm water, as above. Dose for 
a person, as the first. 

A Mr. Thorpe, of whom I obtained this recipe, tells me he has 
cured cholic in horses, in every case, with the first dose, except one, 
and in that case by repeating the dose thirty minutes after the first. 
There is no question but what it is good, and some would prefer it to 
the turpentine. I know it is valuable. 

BOTS — Sure Remedy. — When a horse is attacked with bots, it 
may be known by the occasional nipping at their own sides, and by 
red pimples or projections on the inner surface of the upper lip, which 
may be seen plainly by turning up the lip. 

First, then, take new milk, 2 qts.; molasses, 1 qt,; and give the 
horse the whole amount. Second, 15 minutes afterwards give very 
warm sage tea, 2 qts. Lastly, 30 minutes after the tea, you will give 
of currier's oil, 3 pts., (or enough to operate as physic). Lard has 
been used, when the oil could not be obtained, with the same success. 

The cure will be complete, as the milk and molasses cause the bots 
to let go their hold, the tea puckers them up, and the oil carries them 
entirely away. If you have any doubt, one trial will satisfy you per- 
fectly. In places where the currier's oil cannot be obtained, substitute 
the lard, adding three or four ounces of salt with it ; if no lard, dis- 
solve a double handful of salt in warm water, three pints, and 
give all. 

RING-BONE AND SPAVINS— To Cure.— Egyptiacum and wine 
vinegar, of each, 2 ozs. ; water of pure ammonia, spirits of turpen- 
tine, and oil of origanum, of each, 1 oz. ; euphorbium and cantharides, 
of each, y^ oz.; glass made fine and sifted through gauze, 1 dr. ; put 
them in a bottle, and when used let them be well shaken. This is to 



480 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

be rubbed upon the bone enlargement with the hand or spatula, for 
half an hour each morning:, for six or seven mornings in succession. 
Let the horse be so tied that he cannot get his mouth to the place for 
3 or 4 hours, otherwise he will blister his mouth and blemish the part. 
Then let him run until the scab comes off of itself without scraping, 
which injures the roots of the hair. Then repeat as before, and follow 
up for 3 or 4 times blistering, and all bone enlargements will be re- 
absorbed, if not of more than a year or two's standing. 

It is also good for callous sinews, and strains of long standing, 
spavins, big-head, etc., but if there are ring-bones of so long stand- 
ing that this does not cause their cure, you will proceed as follows : 

2. Add to the above compound, corrosive sublimate, in powder, 
1^ oz.; oil of vitriol, 3^ oz. ; and common salt, 3^ oz. ; when it is again 
ready for use; always shaking well as you use either preparation. 

Now clip the hair and prick the bone or callous part as full of 
holes as you can with a pegging-awl, which is just long enough to 
break through the callous part only. Or a better way to break up this 
bony substance is to have a handle like a pegging-awl handle, with 
three or four awls in it, then tap it in with a stick, and give it a wrench 
at the same time, which does the hurting part with more speed. This 
done, bathe the part with vinegar, until the blood stops flowing ; then 
apply the double compound as at first, for four or five mornings only, 
repeating again if necessary ; and ninety-nine out of every hundred 
ring-bones or spavins will be cured, and most of them with only the 
first preparation. The Egyptiacum is made as follows: 

3. Take verdigris and alum, in powder, of each, 13^ ozs. ; blue 
vitriol, powdered, 34 oz. ; corrosive sublimate, in powder, 1^ oz. ; vine- 
gar, 2^ ozs. ; honey, '% lb. ; boil over a slow fire until of a proper 
consistence. When used it must be stirred up well, as a sediment will 
deposit of some of the articles. 

If the hair does not come out again after using the last blister, use 
the "Good Samaritan Liniment" freely on the part; but the first will 
never disturb the growth of hair. It is best always to commence this 
kind of treatment early in the season, so as to effect a cure before cold 
weather comes on. 

4. 0. B. Bancs' Cure for Rin^-Bone and Spavin.— Take of can- 
tharides, pulverized, British oil, oils of origanum and amber, and 
spirits of turpentine, of each, 1 oz. ; olive oil, 3^ oz.; oil of vitriol, 3 
drs. ; put all, except the vitriol, into alcohol, stir the mixture, then 
slowly add the vitriol, and continue to stir until the mixture is com- 
plete, which is known by its ceasing to smoke. Bottle for use. 

Directions. — Tie a piece of sponge upon a stick and rub the 
preparation, by this means, upon the spavin or ring-bone as long as it 
is absorbed into the parts ; twenty-four hours after, grease well with 
lard ; and in twenty-four hours more, wash oft" well with soap-suds. 
Mr. Bangs lives at Napoleon, Mich., and has sold books for me nearly 
two years. He says one application will generally be sufficient for 
spavins, but may need two; ring-bones always require two or three 
applications, three or four days apart, which prevents the loss of hair; 
if not put on oftener than once in three or four days, the hair not 
coming out at all. Said to cure wind-galls, splints, etc. He obtained 
five dollars for curing a neighbor's horse of ring-bone, with this prep- 
aration — stopping all lameness, but not removing the lump. 

5. In very bad cases, of long standing, he thinks it preferable to 
use the following : 

Take alcohol, 1 pt. ; sal-ammoniac, corrosive sublimate, and oil of 
spike, of each, 1 oz. ; mix. 



Farriers' Department. 481 

Apply, by washing off and using lard afterwards, as above di- 
rected, washing also forty-eight hours after; and when drj^ apply the 
first liniment once or twice, according: to directions. The object of 
this last is to open the pores of the skin, and soften the lump. 

6. Ring:- Bone Remedy. — Pulverized cantharides, oils of spike, 
origanum, amber, cedar, Barbadoes tar, and British oil, of each, 2 
ozs ; oil of wormwood, 1 oz. ; spirits of turpentine, 4 ozs.; common 
potash, 3^ oz. ; nitric acid, 6 ozs. ; and oil of viti'iol (sulphuric acid), 
4 ozs. ; lard, 3 lbs. 

Directions. — Melt the lard and slowlj' add the acids, stir well, and 
add the others, stirring until cold. Clip off the hair, and apply by 
rubbing and heating in. In about three days, or when it is done run- 
ning, wash off with suds and apply again. In old cases it may take 
three or four weeks, but in recent cases two or three applications have 
cured. It has cured long standing cases. 

T. Rawson's Rin^-Boiie and Spavin Cure. — Venice turpentine 
and Spanish tlies, of each, 2 ozs. ; euphorbium and aqua-ammonia, of 
each, 1 oz. ; red precipitate, % oz ; corrosive sublimate, }^ oz. ; lard, 
13^ lbs. Pulverize all, and put into the lard. Simmer slowly over 
coals, not scorch or burn, and pour off free of sediment. 

Directions. — For ring-bones, cut off the hair and rub the oint- 
ment well into the lumps once in forty-eight hours. For spavins, once 
in twenty-four hours for three mornings, has perfectly cured them. 
Wash well, each application, with suds, rubbing over the place with a 
smooth stick to squeeze out a thick yellow matter. 

Mr. Rawson, of Rawsonville, Mich., has cured some exceedingly 
bad cases of ring-bones, one as thick us a man's arm; and spavins as 
unpromising in size, if properly cooked, it will foam like boiling 
sugar. 

8. Indian Method.— Bind a toad upon it ; or two, if one does not 
cover it, and keep it on from 8 to 10 days. 

An Indian cured a horse in this way, near St. Louis, for which he 
coveted, and received, a rifle. The cure proved permanent. 

9. Bone-Spavins.— French Paste— $300 Recipe.--Corrosive sub- 
limate, quicksilver, and iodine, of each, 1 oz., with lard only suflacient 
to form a paste. 

Directions. — Rub the quicksilver and iodine together, then add- 
ing the sublimate, and finally the lard, rubbing thoroughly. 

Shave oft* the hair the size of the bone enlargement ; then grease 
all around it, but not where the hair is shaved off; this prevents the 
action of the medicine, only upon the spavin; now rub in as much of 
the paste as will lie on a three-cent piece only, each morning for four 
mornings only ; in from seven to eight days the whole spavin will 
come out ; then wash out the wound with suds, soaking well, for an 
hour or two, which removes the poisonous effects of the medicine and 
facilitates the healing, which will be done by any of the healing salves ; 
but I would prefer tlie green ointment to any other in this case. 

Mr. Andrews, late of Detroit, who during his life knew a good 
horse, and also desired to know how to take good care of them, did 
not hesitate to pay three hundred dollars for this recipe after seeing 
what it would do.' He removed a spavin from a mare's leg with it, 
and she afterwards won him more than the expense. 

10. Bone-Spavins— ?i or wegian Cure.— S. B. Marshall, the cham- 
pion horse-shoer and farrier, of White Pigeon, Mich., obtained this 
plan of an old Norwegian farrier, and also his plan of curing poll-evil, 
which see, and assures me that he has been very successful with them. 

21 



482 Dr, Chase' s Recipes. 

I obtained them of him for the purpose of publication, and sincerely 
thinli I can recommend them to all who need them : 

Take doo;'s grease, )^pt. ; best oil of origanum, 1^^ ozs. ; pulver- 
ized cantharides, 3^ oz. Mix, and apply each morning, for three 
mornings, heating it in with a hot iron each time ; then skip 3 morn- 
ings, and apply again, as before, until it has been applied 9 times ; after 
which wait about 10 days, and if it is not all gone, go over again in 
the same way. 

He says it does not remove the hair, but that it cures the largest 
and worst cases. He gives a test for good oil of origanum, saying that 
much of it is reduced with turpentine; and if so reduced, that it will 
spread on the skin, like turpentine; but if good, that it does not spread 
on the skin, but stands, like other oil, where a drop is put on. I am 
not certain about the genuineness of this test; yet I tind quite a differ- 
ence in the spreading of the oils; for that which is known to contain 
turpentine spreads fast and freely, whilst that which is believed to be 
pure spreads very slowly, yet does finally spread. The pure is of a 
dark wine color, whilst the poor is of a lighter shade, and somewhat 
cloudy. 

11. Spavin Liniment. — Oils of spike, origanum, cedar, British 
and spirits of turpentine, of each, 1 oz. ; Spanish flies, pulverized, 
^oz. 

Apply once in six to nine days only — removes the lump of spavins, 
splints, curbs, etc., if of recent occurrence; and the man of whom 1 
obtained it, says he has scattered poll-evils before breaking out, with 
cedar oil, alone. 

12. Another. — Alcohol and spirits of turpentine, of each, % pt.; 
gum camphor, laudanum, and oil of cedar, of each, 1 oz.; oils of hem- 
lock and rhodium, and balsam of fir, of each, % oz.; iodine, 1 dr. ; 
mix. 

Apply night and morning, first washing clean and rubbing dry 
with a sponge ; then rub the liniment into the spavin with the hand. 
It causes a gummy substance to ooze out, without injury to the hair — 
has cured ring-bones, also removing the lumps in recent cases. It cured 
the lameness in a case of three years' standing. 

13. Splint and Spavin Liniment. — Take a large-mouthed bottle 
and put into it oil of origanum, 6 ozs. ; gum camphor, 2 ozs. ; mercu- 
rial ointment, 2 ozs. ; iodine ointment, 1 oz. ; melt by putting the bottle 
into a kettle of hot water. 

Apply it to bone-spavins or splints twice daily, for four or five 
days. The lameness will trouble you no more. I have had men cure 
their horses with this liniment, and remark that this recipe alone was 
Avorth more than the price of the book. 

14. Bog-Spavin and Wind-Gall Ointment, also good for Cnrbs, 
Splints, Ring-Bones, and Bone-Spavin. — Take pulverized cantharides, 
1 oz. ; mercurial ointment, 2 ozs. ; tincture of iodine, \% ozs.; spirits 
of turpentine, 2 ozs. ; corrosive sublimate, \}4, drs. ; lard. 1 lb. 

Mix well, and when desired to apply, first cut off the hair, wash 
well and anoint, rubbing it in with the hand, or glove, if preferred. 
Two days after, grease the part with lard, and in two days more, wash 
off and apply the ointment again. Repeat the process every week, as 
long as necessary. 

SWEENY— Liniment. — Alcohol and spirits of turpentine, of each, 
8 ozs. ; camphor gum, pulverized cantharides, and capsicum, of each, \ 
oz ; oil of spike, 3 ozs. Mix. 

Perhaps the best plan is to tincture the capsicum first, and use th6 



Farriers' Department. 483 

tincture instead of the powder, by which means you are free of sedi- 
ment; bathe this liniment in with a hot iron. The first case has yet to 
be found where it has not cured this disease wlien faithfully followed. 

2, Another. — Sal-ammoniac, 2 ozs. ; corrosive sublimate, 1 oz. ; 
alcohol, 1 qt. ; water, 1 qt. ; pulverize and mix. 

This last has cured many cases of sweeny, and also kidney com- 
plaints, known by a weakness in tlie back, of horses or cattle. Bathe 
the loins with it; and give one to two table-spoons ut a dose, daily. 

POLL-ETIL AND FISTULA— Positive Cure.— Common potash, 1^ 
oz. ; extract of belladonna, 3^ dr.; gum arable, ^ oz. Dissolve the 
gum in as little water as practicable ; then, having pulverized the pot- 
ash, unless it is moist, mix the gum water with it, and it will soon dis- 
solve; then mix in the extract, and it is ready to use; and it can be 
used without the belladonna, but it is more painful without it, and does 
not have quite as good an effect. 

Directions.— The best plan to get this into the pipes is by means 
of a small syringe, after having cleansed the sore with soap-suds; re- 
peat once in two days, until all the callous pipes and hard fibrous base 
around the poll-evil or fistula is completelj^ destroyed. Mr. Curtis, a 
merchant of Wheaton, 111., cured a poll-evil with this preparation, by 
onl}'- a single application, as the mare estrayed and was not found for 
two months — then completely sound ; but it will generally require two 
or three applications. 

This will destroy corns and warts, by putting a little of it upon 
the wart or corn, letting it remain from five to ten minutes, then wash 
off and apply oil or vinegar, not squeezing them out, but letting na- 
ture remove them. 

2. Potash, to Make. — If you cannot buy the potash, called for 
in the last recipe, you can make it by leeching best wood ashes and 
boiling down the lye to what is called black salts, and continuing the 
heat in a thick kettle until they are melted; the heat burns out the 
black impurities and leaves a whitish-gray suljstance, called potash. 

This potash, pulverized and put into all the rat holes about cellars, 
causes them to leave in double-quick time, as- mentioned in the " Rat 
Exterminator." The black salts will do about as well for rats, but is 
not quite so strong. They get their feet into it, which causes a biting 
worse than their own, and they leave without further ceiemony. 

Potash making in timbered lands is carried on very extensively; 
using the thick, heavy potash-kettle to boil and melt in, then dipping 
it out into three and five-pail iron kettles to cool. 

3. Poll-Evil and Fistula— Norwegian Cure.— Cover the head 
and neck with two or three blankets; have a pan or kettle of the best 
warm cider vinegar, holding it under the blankets; then steam the 
parts by putting hot stones, brick, or iron, into the vinegar, and con- 
tinue the operation until the horse sweats freely; doing this 3 morn- 
ings and skipping 3, until 9 steamings have been accomplished. 

Mr. Marshall says, the pipes, by this time, will seem to have raised 
up and become loose, except the lower end, which holds upon the bone 
or tendons, like a sucker's mouth ; the apparent rising being caused by 
the going down of the swelling in the parts. Now tie a skein of silk 
around the pipes and pull them out ; washing the parts with weak cop- 
peras water until the sore heals up and all is well. He told me that he 
cured, in this way, a horse which had interfered until a pipe had 
formed at the place of interference, upon the leg, that when drawn out 
was as long as his finger. See the "Norwegian Cure for Bone-* 
Spavin." 



484 Dr. Chasers Recipes. 

4. Another. — Rock salt and bine vitriol, of each, 1 oz. ; copperas, 
y^ oz. ; pulverize all tinely, and mix well. 

Fill a goose-quill with the powder, and push it to the bottom of 
the pipe, having a stick in the top of the quill, so that you can push 
the powder out of the quill, leaving it at the bottom of the pipe; re- 
peat again in about four days, and in two or three days from that time 
you can take hold of the pipe and remove it, without trouble. 

5. Poll-Evil, to Scatter. — Take a quantity of mandrake root, 
mash, and boil it; strain and boil down until rather thick, then form 
an ointment by simmering it with sufficient lard for that purpose. 

Anoint the swelling once a day, for several days, until well. It 
has cured them after they were broken out, by putting it into the pipes 
a few times, also anointing around the sore. 

6. Another. — Poll-evils and fistulas have been cured by pushing 
a piece of lunar caustic into the pipe, then filling the hole with cur- 
rier's oil. Or : 

7. Another. — Corrosive sublimate the size of a common bean, 
pulverized and wrapped in tissue paper, and pressed to tlie bottom of 
tlie pipes, leaving it in eight days, then take out, and applying the 
blue ointment, (kept by druggists,) has cured them. Or : 

8. Another. — Arsenic, tlie size of a pea. treated in the same way, 
has cured the same disease. But if the Norwegian plan will work as 
recommended, it is certainly the best of all. 

9. Another. — Oil of vitriol, put into the pipes, has cured many 
cases. 

I found one man, also, who had cured poll-evil by placing a bar- 
rel of water about fifteen feet high, on a platform, upon two trees — 
administering a shower-bath daily upon the sore ; drawing the water 
by a faucet, through a dinner horn placed little end down ; tying the 
horse so as to keep him in position until the water all runs out. Fif- 
teen or twenty baths cured him, but it broke out again the next sea- 
son, when a few more baths made a final cure. 

LOOSENESS OR SCOURING IN HORSES OR CATTLE—InUse 
Over Seventy Years. — Tormentil root, powdered. Dose. — For a horse 
or cow, 1 to 13^ ozs. It may be stirred in 1 pt. of milk and given, or 
it may be steeped in 1% pts. of milk, then given from 3 to 5 times 
daily until cured. 

It has proved valuable also for persons. Dose. — For a person, 
would be from one-half to one tea-spoon steeped in milk ; but if used 
for persons, I should recommend that half as much rhubarb be com- 
bined with it. 

An English gentleman from whom it was obtained, had been fa- 
miliar with its use nearly eighty years, and never knew a failure, if 
taken in any kind of seasonable time. The tormentil, or septfoil, is 
a European plant, and very astringent. 

2. Beef Bones for Scours. — Burn the bones thoroughly and pul- 
verize finely; then give 1 table-spoon in some dry feed, 3 times daily, 
until checked. 

This preparation has thirty years' experience of an American 
gentleman, near Fentonville, Mich., to recommend it to general 
favor. 

3. Scours and Pin-Worms of Horses and Cattle.— White ash 
bark, burnt to ashes, and made into rather a strong lye; then mix f^ 
pt. of it with warm water, 1 pt., and give all, 2 or 3 times daily. 

Whenever it becomes certain that a horse or cow is troubled with 
pin-womis, hy their passing from the bowels, it is best to administer 



Farriers' Department. 485 

the above, as they are believed to be the cause, generally, of scours, 
and this remedy carries off the worms, thus curing the inflammation 
by removing the cause. 

HORSE OINTMENT— De Gray or Sloan's.— Resin, 4 ozs.; bees- 
wax, 4 ozs. ; lard, 8 ozs. ; honey, 2 ozs. Melt these articles slowly, 
gently bringing to a boil; and as it begins to boil, remove from the 
tire and slowly add a little less tlian a pint of spirits of turpentine, 
stirring all the time this is being added, and stir until cool. 

This is an extraordinary ointment for bruises, in flesh or hoof, 
broken knees, galled backs, bites, cracked heels, etc., etc. ; or when a 
horse is gelded, to heal and keep away flies. It is excellent to take 
fire out of burns or scalds in human flesh also. 

CONDITION POWDERS-Said to be St. John's.— Fenugreek, 
cream-of-tartar, gentian, sulphur, saltpetre, resin, black antimony, and 
ginger, equal quantities of each, say 1 oz,; all to be finely pulverized; 
cayenne, also fine, half the quantity of any one of the others, say 3^ 
oz. Mix thoroughly. 

It is used in yellow water, hide-bound, coughs, colds, distemper, 
and all other diseases where condition powders are generally adminis- 
tered. They carry off gross humors and purify the blood. Dose. — In 
ordinary cases give tw^o tea-spoons once a day, in feed. In extreme 
cases give it twice daily. If these do not give as good satisfaction as 
St. John's or any other condition powder that costs more than double 
what it does to make this, then I will acknowledge that travel and 
study are of no account in obtaining information. 

SJ, Cathartic Condition Powder.— Gamboge, alum, saltpetre, 
resin, copperas, ginger, aloes, guni-myrrh, salts, and salt, and if the 
horse is in a very low condition, put in wormwood, all the same quan- 
tities, viz., 1 oz. each. Dose. — One table-spoon in bran, twice daily; 
not giving any other grain for a few days; then once a day, with oats 
and other good feed. 

This last is more applicable for old worn-down horses which need 
cleaning out and starting again into new life, and in such cases, just 
the thing to be desired. 

HORSE LINIMENT— For Stiff-Neck from Poll-Evils.— Alcohol, 
1 pt. ; oil of cedar, origanum, and gum camphor, of each, 2 ozs. ; oil 
of amber, 1 oz. ; use freely. 

2. English Stable Liniment— Very Strong.— Oil of spike, aqua 
ammonia, and oi7 of turpentine, of each, 2 ozs.; sweet oil and oil of 
amber, of each, \% ^zs. ; oil of origanum, 1 oz. Mix. 

Call this good for anything, and always keep it in the'stable as a 
strong liniment ; the Englishman's favorite for poll-evils, ring-bones 
and old lameness, inflammations, etc. If much inflammation, how- 
ever, it will fetch the hair, but not destroy it. 

3. Nerve and Bone Liniment. — Take beef s gall, 1 qt.; alcohol, 
1 pt. ; volatile liniment, 1 lb. ; spirits of turpentine, 1 lb. ; oil of ori- 
ganum, 4 ozs. ; aqua ammonia, 4 ozs. ; tincture of cayenne, % Pt*; oil 
of amber, 3 ozs. ; tincture of Spanish flies, 6 ozs. Mix. 

Uses too well known to need description. This is more particu- 
larly applicable to horse flesh. 

4. Liniment for One Shilling a Quart.— Best vinegar, 2 qts.; 
saltpetre, pulverized, % ^b- » ^^^> ^^^ ^^^ "^ *^ warm place, until dis- 
solved. 

It will be found valuable for spavins, sprains, strains, bruises, old 
swellings, etc. 

BROKEN LIMBS— Treatment, instead of inhumanly Shooting 



486 



Dr. Chasi s Recipes, 



the Horse. — In the greater number of fractures it is only necessary to 
l)artially sling the horse by means of a broad piece of sail or other 
strong cloth, (as represented in the figure,) placed under the animal's 
belly, furnished with two breechings and two breast-girths, and by 
means of ropes and pulleys attached to a cross-beam above, he is ele- 
vated or lowered, as may be required. 

It would seldom be necessary to raise them entirely off of their 
feet, as they will be more quiet, generally, when allowed to touch the 
ground or floor. The head-stall should be padded, and ropes reaching 
each way to the stall, as well as forward. Many horses will plunge 
about for a time, but soon quiet down, with an occasional exception. 
When they become quiet, set the bone, splint it well, padding the 
splints with batting, securing carefully; then keep wet with cold water, 
as long as the least inflammation is present, using light food, and a 
little water at a time, but may be given often. 

The use of the different buckles and straps will be easily under- 
stood. 




SUPPOKTING APPAKATDS IN LAMENESS OF HORSES. 

If he is very restive, other ropes can be attached to the corner 
rings, which are there for that jiurpose, and will aflbrd much addi- 
tional relief to the horse. 

I knew a horso's thigli to crumble upon the race-course, without 
apparent cause, which lost him the stake he would have easily won. 
He was hauled miles upon a sled, slung, and cured by his humane 
owner. Then let every fair means be tried, before you consent to take 
the life, even of a broken-legged horse. 

TVOUNI) BALSAM— For "Horses or Human Flesh.— Gum ben- 
zoin, in powder, G ozs. ; balsam of tolu, in powder, 3 ozs. ; gum storax, 
2 ozs. ; frankincense, in powder, 2 ozs. ; gum myrrh, in powder, 2 ozs. ; 
Socotorine aloes, in powder, 3 ozs. ; alcohol, 1 gal. Mix them all to- 



Farriers* Department, 487 

gether, and put them in a digester, and give tliem a gentle heat for 3 
or 4 days, tlien strain. 

A better medicine can hardly be found in the materia medica for 
healing fresh wounds in every part of the body, particularly those on 
the tendons or joints. It is frequently given internally along with 
other articles, to great advantage, in all colds, flatulency, and in other 
debilities of the stomach and intestines. Every gentleman, or farmer, 
ought to keep this medicine ready prepared in his house, as a family 
medicine, for all cuts, or recent wounds, either among his cattle or 
any of his family. Thirty or forty drops, on a lump of sugar, may 
be taken ai any time, for flatulency, or pain at the stomach; and in 
old age, where nature requires stimulation. — Every Man His Own 
Farrier. 

GREASE-HEEL AND COMMON SCRATCHES— To Cure.— Lye 
made from wood ashes, and boil white oak bark in it until it is quite 
strong, both in lye and bark ooze; when it is cold, it is ready for use. 

First wash off" the horse's legs with dish water or castile soap; and 
when dry, apply the ooze with a swab upon a stick which is sufficiently 
long to keep out of his reach, as he will tear around like a wild horse, 
but you must wet all well once a day, until you see the places are dry- 
ing up. The grease-heel may be known from the common scratches by 
the deep cracks, which do not appear in the common kind. Of course 
this will fetch oft* the hair; but the disease has been known to fetch off 
the hoof; then to bring on the hair again, use salve made by stewing 
sweet elder bark in old bacon ; then form the salve by adding a little 
resin according to the amount of oil when stewed, about a quarter of a 
pound to each pound of oil. 

2. Another. — Verdigris, % ^^''i whisky, 1 pt., are highly recom- 
mended for grease-heel. 

3. Common Scratches. — iJse sweet oil, 6 ozs. ; borax, 2 ozs. ; 
sugar of lead, 2 ozs. ; mix and apply twice daily, after washing oft" with 
dish-water, and giving time to allow the legs to dry. 

These plans have been used for years, by George Clemm, of 
Logansport, Indiana, and he assured me that the worst cases will be 
cured, of either disease, in a very few days. 

4# Another. — Copperas and chamber-lye are known to be good 
for common scratches, applied, as the last, after washing with dish- 
water and drying. This last can be tried first, as it is easily obtained, 
and if it doesnot succeed you will not fail with the other. 

SADDLE AND HARNESS GALLS— Kruises, Abrasions, Etc.— 
Remedy. — White lead and linseed-oil mixed as for paint,Js almost in- 
valuable in abrasions, or galls from the saddle or collar, or from any 
other cause; it will speedily aid the part in healing. 

Applied with a brush to the leg of a horse, the outer coating of 
hair and skin of which was torn off", caused it to heal and leave no scar. 
It is good for scratches and all sores upon horses, or other animals, and 
equally good for men. It forms an air-tight coating, and soothes pain. 
Every farmer should keep a pot and brush ready for use. White lead 
is the carbonate of the metal, and when pure is very white. That hav- 
ing a greyish tint is impure, being generally adulterated. For use as 
a paint, a lead color is produced by adding lamp black, and a drab or 
stone color, by adding burned umber. 

In applying it for scratches, first wash them clean with soap and 
water, then apply. Some persons prefer lamp oil. If that is used, you 
will mix both together until the oil assumes a light straw color. When 
the horse comes in at night, his legs should be washed perfectly clean 



488 Dr. Chase's Recipes, 

and rubbed perfectly dry. Then apply the mixture, rubbing it well to 
the skin. Two or three applications are sufficient to effect a perfect 
cure, no matter how bad the case may be. — Correspondence, of the 
Country Oentleman. 

To give confidence in this, I would say that a lady, at Lafayette, 
Indiana, told me she cured herself of salt- rheum with white-lead and 
sweet oil only. 

2. Another. — Alcohol and extract of lead, of each, 2 ozs. ; soft 
water, 4 ozs. ; spirits of sal-ammoniac, 1 oz. ; white copperas, 3^ oz. 
Mix all and shake as used, 

" Knowlson's Complete Farrier" speaks very highly of this ast 
preparation, which can be tried, should the first above fail. 

3. Sores from Chafing of the Bits. — Chloroform and sulphuric 
ether, equal parts of each. Keep closely corked. 

Sponge off the mouth with water every time the bits are taken out; 
then wet well with the mixture. It will also be found valuable to re- 
move soreness from any cause, on man or horse. 

4. Another. — White ashes and spirits of turpentine, of each,!)^ 
table-spoons; black pepper, ground, 1 table-spoon; lard to make 1 pt. 
of all, mix well and anoint. 

HEAVES — Great Kelief.— Heaves, a common name for any diffi- 
culty in the breathing of a horse, is susceptible of great alleviation by 
attention to the character and quantity of food to be eaten by the 
animal, as every one knows. If a horse sufltering from this disease, is 
allowed to distend his stomach at his pleasure, with dry food entirely 
and then to drink cold water, as much as he can hold, he is nearly 
worthless. But if his food be moistened, and he be allowed to drink a 
moderate quantity only at a time, the disease is much less troublesome. 

A still farther alleviation maj'- be obtained from the use of balsam 
of fir and balsam of copaiba, 4 ozs. each; and mix with calcined mag- 
nesia sufficiently thick to make it into balls; give a middling sized ball, 
night and morning for a week or 10 days. This gives good satisfaction, 
and is extensively sold by Eberbach & Co., druggists of this city. 

2. Another. — An old Farrier assures me that lobelia, one tea- 
spoon, once a dav, in his feed, for a week, and then once a week; that 
you can hardly tell whether a horse ever had the heaves or not, 

3. Another. — H, Sisson, another Farrier, gives me a cure which 
somewhat resembles the ball first given under this head, and thus each 
one supports the other. 

He takes calcined magnesia, balsam of fir, and balsam of copaiba, 
of each, 1 oz.; spirits of turpentine, 2 ozs,; and puts them all into 1 
pt. of the best cider vinegar, and gives for a dose 1 table-spoon in his 
feed, once a day, for a week; then every other day for 2 or 3 months. 

The horse will cough more at first, but looser and looser until 
cured. Wet his hay with brine, and also wet his feed. 

4. Another. — Mr. Bangs, highly recommends the following: Lo- 
belia, wild turnip, elecampane and skunk cabbage, equal parts of each. 
Make into balls of common size, and give one tor a dose, or make a 
tincture, by putting 4 ozs. of the mixture into 2 qts. of spirits; and after 
a week put 2 table-spoons into their feed, once a day for a month or 
two. 

5. Another.— Oyster shells, 1 peck; burn into lime and pulverize; 
mix a single handful of it with ^gill of alcohol, then mix it with the 
oats each morning until all is given. 

This for bellows -heaves has done very much good. Horse-radish 
grated and put in with the feed has benefited. Cabbage, as common 



Farriers' Department. 489 

feed, is good to relieve, or any juicy food, like pumpkins, etc., etc.,Trill 
be found to relieve very much Farmers who have their horses always 
at home, can keep them comfortably with some of the foregoing direc- 
tions ; but broken-winded horses might as well be knocked in the head 
as to attempt to'travel with them, expecting any satisfaction to horse or 
driver. 

6. Another. — A correspondent of the Country Oentleman says 
that " heaves may be greatly alleviated by feeding raw fat pork. 

" Commence with a piece of pork, say a cubic inch, chopped very 
fine, and mixed with the wetted grain or cut feed, twice a day for two 
or three days. Then from day to day increase the quantity and cut less 
fine, until there is given with each feed sucli a slice as usually by a 
farmer's wife is cut for frying — nearly as large as your hand, cut into 
fifteen or twenty pieces. 

" Continue this for two weeks, and the horse is capable of any or- 
dinary work without distress, and without showing tlie heaves. I have 
experience and observation for the past ten years as proof of the above." 
— ['/•> <^f Burlington, Vt.'] 

DISTEMPER— To Distinguish and Cure.— If it is thought that a 
horse has the distemper, and you do not feel certain, wet up bran with 
rather strong weak lye — if not too strong they will eat it greedily; if 
they have the distemper, a free discluirge from tlie nostrils and a con- 
sequent cure will be the result, if continued a few days; but if only a 
cold, with swellings of the glands, no change will be discovered. 

SHOEING HORSES— For Winter Travel.— N. P. Willis, of the 
Home Journal, in one of his recent Idlewild letters, says: 

"You have discovered, of course, that you cannot have uninter- 
rupted winter riding with a horse shod in the ordinary way. The 
sharp points of the frozen mud will wound the frog of the foot; and 
with snow on the ground, the hollow hoof soon collects a hard ball 
which makes the footing very insecure. But these ^ils are remedied 
by a piece of sole leather nailed on under the shoe — a protection to the 
hoof which makes a sur|)rising difference in the confidence and sure- 
footed ness of the animal's step." 

FOUNDER — Remedy. — Draw about 1 gal. of blood from the neck; 
then drench the horse with linseed-oil, 1 qt.; now rub the forelegs, 
long and well, with water as hot as can be borne without scalding. 

This remedy entirelj'^ cured a horse which had been foundered on 
wheat, two days before the treatment began. 

PHYSIC— Ball for Horses. — Barbadoes aloes from 4 to 5 or 6 
drs., (according to the size and strength of the horse); tartrate of 
potassia, 1 dr. ; ginger and castile soap, of each, 2 drs.; oil of anise, or 
peppermint, 20 drops; pulverize, and make all into one ball with thick 
gum solution. 

Before giving a horse physic, he should be prepared for it by feed- 
ing scalded bran, in place of oats, for two days at least, giving also 
water which lias the chill taken oft', and continue this feed and drink 
during the operation. If it should not operate in forty-eight hours, 
repeat half the dose. 

2. Physic for Cattle.— For cattle, take half only of the dose, 
above, for a horse, and add to it glauber salts, 8 ozs. ; dissolve all in 
gruel, 1 qt , and give as a drench : for cattle are not easily managed in 
giving balls, neither is their constitution adapted to dry medicine. 

There is not the need of preparation for cattle, generally, as for 
horses, from the fact of their not being kept up to grain, if they are, 
however, let the same precautions be observed as in " Physic Ball for 
Horses.'' 



49^ ^^' Chase's Recipes. 

HOOF- AIL IN SHEEP— Sure Remedy.— Muriatic acid and butter 
of antimony, of each, 2 ozs. ; white vitriol, pulverized, 1 oz. Mix. 

Directions. — Lift the foot and drop a little of it upon the bottom. 
It will need to be applied only once or twice a week— as often only as 
they limp, which shows that the foot is becoming tender aj^ain. It 
kills the old hoof, and a new one soon takes its place. Have no fears 
about the result; apply the medicine as often as indicated, and all is 
safe. 

It has proved valuable in growing off horse's hoofs, when snagged, 
or contraction made it necessary. 

EYE-WATER— For Hbrses and Cattle.— Alcohol, 1 table-spoon ; 
sugar of lead, I tea-spoon; rain water i^ pt. 

Wash the eye freely, two or three times daily. But I prefer the 
"Eye Water" as prepared for persons; and allow me here to say that 
what is good for man, in the line of medicine, is good for a horse, by 
increasin'j: the dose to correspond. 

TAMINW— Principles Applied to Wild and Ticious Horses.— 
I have thought in closing up this Department, that I could not devote 
a page to abetter purpose than to the so-called secret of taming. For 
it is a secret, but it lies in a different point from what is generally be- 
lieved, whicli I will attempt to show. 

Several persons are advertising books for taming wild horses, and 
other persons are going about teaching the art to classes in private. 
Probably the pupils get their money's worth. But, why do so many 
fail ? The whole secret lies in this, that many persons can never handle a 
horse, iciih all the instruction in the world — it is not in them. They can- 
not establish a sympathy between themselves and the horse, and if 
the)'^ become horse trainers, they have only mistaken their calling, and 
the money they laid out is perhaps as cheap a way as they could be 
taught their mistake. 

To be a succe^gful horse trainer, he must have a sympathy with the 
horse, and a personal power of control. This reminds us of an old 
gentleman's remarks on the subject of sweeny. He said: "There were 
a great many recipes of penetrating oils, applications, etc., but the 
great secret was in /atVA," without which no person will persevere a 
sufficient length of time with either of them. This holds good in all 
diseases, as well as in handling or taming a horse. 

The mystcy or secret, then, is in knowing how. and having the 
stamina (power) to do it. 

As for recipes, they consist in using the horse-castor or wart, 
which grows upon the inside of the leg, grated fine, oil of cumin, and 
oil of rhodium, kept separate in air-tight bottles; these all possess 
peculiar properties for attracting and subduing animals. 

" Rub a little oil of cumin upon your hand, and approach the 
horse in the field, on the windward side, so that he can smell the cumin. 
The horse will let you come up to him without trouble. 

"Immediately rub your hand gently on the horse's nose, getting a 
little of the oil on it. You can then lead him anywhere. Give him a 
little of the castor on a piece of loaf-sugar, apple, or potato. 

" Put eight drops of the oil of rhodium into a lady's thimble. Take 
the thimble between the thumb and middle finger of your right hand, 
with the fore-finger stopping the mouth of the thimble to prevent the 
oil from running out whilst you are opening the mouth of the horse. 

** As soon as you have opened the horse's mouth, tip the thimble 
over upon his tongue, and he is your servant. He will follow you like 
a pet dog." Very doubtful — [Author. 



Farriers' Department. ^nx 

" Ride fearless and promptly, with your knee pressed to the side of 
the horse, and your toes turned in and heels out; then you will always 
be on the alert for a shy or sheer from the horse, and he can' never 
throw you. 

"If you want to teach him to lie down, stand on his nigh or left 
side ; have a couple of leather straps, about six feet long; "tring up 
his left leg with one of them around his neck ; strap the other end of it 
over his shoulders; hold it in your hand, and when you are ready, tell 
him to lie down, at the same time gentlj^ firmly, and steadily pulling 
on the strap, touching him lightly with a switch. The horse will im- 
mediately lie down. Do this a few times, and you can make him lie 
down without the straps. 

" He is now your pupil and friend. You can teach him anything, 
only be kind to him — be gentle. Love him and he will love you. 
Feed him before you do yourself, shelter him well, groom him your- 
self, keep him clean, and at night always give him a good bed.'' 

It will be perceived, by reference to the following item from BdVa 
Life, that the secret for taming horses, by which Mr. Earey has made 
himself so rich and famous, instead of being a divination of his own 
was probably obtained by him through some accidental contact with an 
old volume, which has long disappeared from observation, and hardly- 
held a place in public libraries. 

A correspondent sends us the following: "In the Gentleman's 
Farrier, by Bartlett, (sixth edition) published in I7G2, (one hundred 
years ago,) page 293, is the following: * The method proposed by Dr. 
Bracken, is to tie up one of the fore feet close, and to fasten a cord or 
small rope about the other fetlock, bringing tlie end of it over the 
horse's shoulders ; then let him be hit or kicked with yaxxv foot behind 
that knee, at the same time pulling his nose down strongly to the 
manger. You will bring him upon his knees, where he should be held 
till he is tired which cannot be long, but if he does not lie down soon 
let him be thrust sideways against his quarters, to throw him over; by 
forcing him down several times in this way, you may teach him to lie 
down, at the same words you first used for that purpose." You will 
see that Mr. Rarey's system is exactly the same. 

From the foregoing it will be seen that he 6btainedX\\^ knowledge 
and naturally possessing the firmness,/eaWe5s energy and muscle suffi- 
cient to back the whole, he has become tJie horse tamer of the icorld. 

Without all these qualifications no one need undertake the busi- 
ness, no matter how often he pays five dollars for recipes or instruc- 
tion. 



APPENDIX TO FARRIERS' DEPARTMENT. 
BY THE PUBLISHER. 

ENGLISH RECIPES.— The following Recipes are very useful: 

Horse Ointment. — Kesin, 4 ozs.; bees' wax, 3 ozs.; hog's lard, "^ 
lb. ; common turpentine, 6 ozs.; dissolve in a pipkin with gentle heat; 
then add 2 ozs. of tine verdigris, stir well together, and strain the whole 
through a coarse cloth ; cool for use. This is a good ointment for a 
wound, or bruise in flesh or hoof, broken knees, galled backs, bites, 
cracked lieels, mallenders, or, when a horse is gelded, to heal and keep 
off the flieSk 

Purge for a Horse. — Aloes, 1 oz. ; rhubarb, 2 drs. ; oil of mint, 4 
drops, made into a ball with honey. 

Cordial for a Horse. — If the horse is weak through travel, give 
him a pint of warm ale, with 1 oz. of diapente in it. Diapente will 
comfort his bowels, drive out cold and wind, and may cause him to 
carry his food the longer. Diapente is composed of gentian root, bay 
berries, bay leaves, birthwort, mint, and myrrh. 

Sore Back. — If the saddle bruises his back and makes it swell, a 
greasy dishcloth laid on hot, and a cloth over it, bound on fifteen 
minutes, (with a surcingle), and repeated once or twice, will sink it flat. 
If it is slight, wash it with a little salt and water only. Alter the sad- 
dle, that it may not press on the tender part, for a second bruise will be 
worse than the first. 

Splint. — The splint is a fixed, callous, bony excrescence, growing 
upon the flat of the inside or outside, of the shark bone; a little under, 
and not far from the knee, and may be seen and felt. Core. — To 
take it off", first cut the hair close, then gently beat it with a round rule 
until it appears hot to the touch, then rub hard soap all around the 
edge of the splint, to prevent the blister affecting any other part, and 
apply on the splint the following blister ointment: mercurial ointment, 
1 oz. ; (Spanish flies, 2 drs., mixed well together; a little of this may be 
applied once a week until the splint is removed. 

Spavin. — The Spavin is of the same nature, and appears, in like 
manner, on the instep bone behind, not far below the hough. Cure. 
— The same blister as recommended for splints: if it fails, firing and 
turning the horse to grass for three months, is the best method. 

HORSES — To Water. — Water is as necessary to a horse as food, 
and horses are found to thrive better by having water ad libitum than 
by being stinted. The best way is to have the manger divided, so that 
corn can be in one half and the water in the other: by tliis plan the 
horse takes the water as he wants it, and not when it is oftered to him. 
The plan of having the water in the manger has been tried by a great 
number of the London merchants, and found to answer admirably. 

How to Manage an Unmanageable Horse. — A beautiful and 
high-spirited horse would never allow a shoe to be put on his feet, or 
any person to handle his feet. In an attempt to shoe this horse 
recently he resisted all efforts, kicked aside everything but an anvil 



Appendix to Farriers' Department. 49 ■? 

and came near killing himself against that, and finally was brought 
back to his stable unshod. This defect was just on the eve of consign- 
ing him to the plow, where he might work barefoot, when an officer in 
our service, lately returned from Mexico, took a cord about the size of 
a common bed-cord, put it in the mouth of the horse like a bit, and 
tied it tightly on the animal's head, passing the left ear under the 
string, not painfully tight, but tight enough to keep the ear down and 
the cord in place. This done, he patted the horse gently on the side of 
the head, and commanded him to follow; and instantly the horse 
obeyed, perfectly subdued and as gentle and obedient as a well-trained 
dog; suffering his feet to be lifted with entire impunity, acting in all 
respects like an old stager. The gentleman who thus furnished this 
exceedingly simple means of subduing a very dangerous propensity, 
intimated that it was practiced in Mexico and South America in the 
management of wild horses. — New York Commercial Advertiser. 

MAGGOTS IN SHEEP— To Destroy.— Water, 1 qt.; spirit of tur- 
pentine, a table-spoon ; sublimate of mercury, as much as will lie upon 
a shilling; cork in a bottle, with a quill through the cork, so that the 
mixture may come a little at a time. Shake before using. Pour a 
little of the mixture upon the spots where the maggots are, and they 
will creep upon the top of the wool, and fall off dead. Apply after- 
wards a little train oil to the place. 

Liniment for Braises, Sprains, and Spavins. — We are indebted to 
Mr. Gai-ry Briggs, of Dexter, for the following recipe. He has dealt 
largely in horses for forty years. He says that for bruises and sprains 
it is the best thing he ever used, and keeps it constantly on hand. He 
has known several bone-spavins cured by it: 

Oil of amber, 1 oz.; oil of wormwood, 1 oz, ; oil of tansy, 1 oz. ; 
oil of spike, 1 oz. ; camphor gum, 2 ozs. ; ammonia, 2 ozs. ; small piece 
of Castile soap; spirits of wine, 1 pt. Rub in thoroughly with the 
hand. This recipe is rather strong for most cases, and will bear a lit- 
tle water added in ordinary cases, or where there is much inflamma- 
tion ; but in severe cases use full strength. 

The following recipes were furnished us by Mr. Horace Rosier, 
of this county, one of the most successful farriers, and an extensive 
dealer in horses and cattle, for over thirty years. The recipe for ring- 
bone and spavin has been sold alone for several hundred dollars, and 
is a sure cure if used in any kind of season. He has cured a great 
many with it : 

Weak Eyes, or Hooks. — First, rowel below the eyes and in the 
jaws — then, if the eyes are much inflamed, bleed two gallons from the 
neck vein, and use the eye wash or eye lotion everv morning; move the 
rowels every day, and let them remain in 15 or 20 days. If the eye shows 
a white speck in the center, there is no cure for it — the nerve of thee5'e 
is affected; but as long as the eye runs water, there are hopes of it, or 
the eyelids swell. All young horses are liable to have weak eyes. 

Eye Lotion — How to make it. — Take a good quality of liiiseed-oil, 
1 pt., add to it 2 ozs. of spirits of ether, gum camphor % oz. Let it 
stand in some warm place until the oil cuts the gum, and it is fit for 
use. Apply it to the eye every morning with a soft feather; get it into 
the eyes as well as possible. This is better in winter than the wash; 
but the wash is best for summer. 

Eye Wash. — Take of sugar of lead, 2 drs.; white vitriol, 1 dr.; 
laudanum, 1 dr.; add to this 1 qt. of soft water; let it stand 6 or 8 
hours, and it is fit for use. Wash the eyes out well every morning, 
after first washing the eyes well with cold water; follow this up for 3 



494 Appendix to Farriers* Department, 

or 4 weeks, and then if the eyes are not much better, bleed and give a 
mild physic. The horse should be kept on low diet, ond not over- 
heated, or worked too hard; scalded bran and oats are good. 

Fistula or Poll Evil, — Cause, a bruise or stroke of some kind pro- 
duces fever in the muscles. Cure before it breaks: run a rowel or 
seton from the lower part of the swelling to the top through the center 
of the enlargement, then make the following lotion: Take of salamo- 
niac, 2 ozs. ; turpentine, 3^ pt. ; linseed-oil and spirits of tar, of each, 
4 ozs. ; shake well, and apply it all over the swelling every other day; 
let the seton stay in until all the swelling is gone down — move it every 
day, and when all is gone draw it out. Bleed when you first open it; 
keep the part clean. 

Fistula After it Breaks. — If you find by probing it that the pipes 
run down towards surface, run down a seton through the bottom of 
the pipe, and anoint it with the following ointment: Take of mercurial 
ointment, 4 ozs.; cantharides, 3^ oz. ; anoint the seton every day until 
it runs a bloody matter, then draw it out if the pipes run down to the 
center of the shoulders, then run down a piece of the nitre of silver to 
the bottom, and use the liquid in the next following recipe: apply it 
on the swelling and on the sore every day; keep the part clean with 
soap and water. 

Liquid for Fistula or Poll Evil. — Take olive oil, 6 ozs.; turpen- 
tine, 3^ oz. ; oil of origanum, }^ oz. ; American or sinikey oil, 3 ozs. 
Mix well and apply it to the part affected, after the nitre of silver has 
been used; apply this every few days, until it heals up; the cleaner 
you keep the part the better. 

Stiff Shoulders or Sweeney. — Eowel from the top of the shoulder 
blade down as far as there is no pealing; first, cut through the skin, 
and then two thin fibres or strippings; use the blunt needle, move it 
back and forward five or six inches; draw in a tape or seton, and the 
next morning wet it with the tincture of cantharides; do this every 
other day, move them every day — wash the part clean — let the tape 
stay in until the matter changes to blood; this is for both diseases — let 
him run out if possible; he will be well in six or eight weeks; if for 
Sweeney you may work him all the lime. 

Hoof Bound or Tender Feet. — Cause of this is fever in the feet. 
Founder, or gravel, the symptoms are hot feet and a drawing in one 
inch from the top of the feet at the heels. Never have the feet spread 
at the heels nor rasped above the nail holes, for it will do the foot an 
injury. Follow the directions given here. Use either the hoof oint- 
ment or the hoof liquid; apply it according to the printed directions. 
For hoof bound or tender feet, apply it all around the top of the hoof 
down one inch every third day; if for split hoof, apply it every day. 
First, have a stiff" shoe on the foot, and cleanse the cut or crack. Never 
cut or burn for it. 

Hoof Ointment. — Take resin, 4 ozs.; bees' wax, 6 ozs.; lard, 2 lbs.; 
melt together, pour it into a pot, and turpentine, 3 ozs.; finely powder- 
ed verdigris, 2 ozs.; tallow, 1 lb, — stir all until it gets cool. This is 
one of the best medicines for the hoof ever used. It is good for corks 
or bruises of the feet. Follow the directions. 

Hoof Liquid. — For tender feet, hoof bound, etc. Linseed-oil, or 
neatsfoot oil, y^ pt., of either; turpentine, 4 ozs. ; oil of tar, 6 ozs. ; ori- 
ganum, 13 ozs. ; shake this well and apply it as the directions for the 
ointment tells. This is the best if the horse has been lame long — it 
penetrates the hoof sooner than the ointment — both of them should be 
applied at night, so that the horse can go to work in the morning. He 
need not lose one day's work. 



Appendix to Farriers* Department, 495 

Hoof Eril, or Thrush, Grease Heels.— Cause of this disease iS 
over-feed, and want of exercise or standing ill a lilthy stable. Symp 
toms, well known — a discharge of offensive matter from tlie frog of the 
foot, and around tlie top of tlie foot; often the frog of the foot will 
come out ; then you must put a stiff shoe on to keep the foot from con- 
tracting. 

Cure. — Bleed, and physic, and poultice the foot with boiled tur- 
nips, add some tine ground charcoal — tliis must be done every night, 
for two or three nights, then wash tlie foot clean with castile soap and 
soft water, and apply the blue ointment every day — keep the horse on 
a clean floor, and he will be well in twelve days. 

How to Make the Blue Oiutmeiit. — Take the ointment of resin, 
4 ozs. ; finely ground verdigris, 3^ oz. ; turpentine, 2 ozs. ; mutton 
tallow, 2 lbs. ; oil of origanum, 3^ oz. ; tincture of iodine, % oz. ; mix 
all well. This is one of the best medicines that can be made, for 
scratches, hoof-evil, cuts, and is good to apply on fistula, after the 
rowels have been taken out. 

Lung Fever. — Symptoms, — the horse is taken with a chill, then 
breaks out in a cold clammy sweat, — holds down his head — never 
offers to lay down, but groans when made to move — his ears and legs 
are deathly cold. The cause of this is change from warm to cold stable, 
too much cold water when warm. 

Cure. — Bleed four gallons from the neck vein, and take one ounce 
of aconite, add to it 3>^ gal. of cold water; drench him with one gill 
of it every three hours, blister him over the lungs, then j>ive him water 
to drink that hay has been boiled in, add to each gallon of it 1 ounce 
of gum arable, and V^, ounce of spirits of nitre, — give this every four 
hours, rub well, foment and rub the legs with alcohol and camphor, 
until they get warm — do not move him. Keep him in open stall if hot 
weather. 

Disease of the Liver, or Yellow Water. — Symptoms — the eyes 
run and turn yellow, the base of the mouth the same, the hair and 
ynane gets loose, and he often is lame in the right shoulder, and very 
costive. 

Cure. — Give the following ball every morning until it operates 
upon the bowels. Take aloes, 7 drs. ; calomel, 1 dr. ; ginger, 4 drs. ; 
and molasses enough to make it into a ball, wrap it in paper and give 
it ; give scalded bran and oats, grass if it can be got ; when his bowels 
have moved, stop the physic, and give one ounce of the spirits of 
camphor, in 3^ pint of water every morning, for twelve days, rowel in 
the breast, jind give a few doses rf cleansing powder. Turn him out. 

Cleansing' Powder. — This is used when the blood is out of order — 
good to restore lost appetite, — j^ellow water, and wherever it is to be 
used it is spoken of. Take one lb. of good ginger, 4 ounces of powder- 
ed gentian, 1 ounce of nitre, /^ ounce of crude antimony, 3 ounces of 
fenugieek, 3 ounces of elecampane, 5 ounces resin, mix all well, give 
one large spoonful every day in wet food. This is perfectly safe. 

Nasal Grleet, or Discharge from the Eye and Nose. — The cause of 
this is neglect in distemper, or over-heat or cold ; this is a white dis- 
charge from the nose, and is not contagious — and can be cured. 

Cure. — Stop working him — take of alum, >^ lb. ; resin, 3^ lb.; 
blue vitriol, 3^ lb. ; grind and mix well with % ^t). of ginger ; give one 
large spoonful every night and morning — bfeed one gallon. Keep 
him out of the wet, and do not work him. 

Disease of the Kidneys. — Caused by feeding dirty or musty grain, 
hard drawing, overloading him, or by giving too much turpentine. 



49 6 Appendix to Farriers^ Department. 

Cure. — Blister over the kidneys, and give the following pills every- 
day: Take resin, 1 oz. ; juniper berries, o^round line, 1 oz.; flour, 2 ozs.; 
make all into a stiff paste, divide into 7 pills, give one every night, 
then use the cleansing' powder every day; if the horse has trouble to 
get up when he lies down, swing him up for two weeks, — give no food 
but that which is clean : this is half of the cure. Do not work nor 
ride him. 

How to make the White Ointment.— For rheumatism, sprains, 
burns, swellings, bruises, or any inflammation on man or beast, chap- 
ped hands, or lips, black eyes, or any kind ot bruise. Take fresh but- 
ter, 2 lbs. ; tincture of iodine, 3^ oz. ; oil of oiiganum, 2 ozs. ; mix this 
well for flfteen minutes and it is fit for use ; apply it every night; rub 
it in well with 3'^our hand ; if for human flesh lay on warm flannel. 

Black Liniment.— This is good to apply on poll evil— fistula. Take 
of linseed-oil, % pt. ; tincture of iodine, 3 ozs. ; tarpentine, 4 ozs. ; oil 
of origanum, 1 oz. ; shake all well, and apply it every day; rub it in 
well with your hand; wash the part clean with soap and water before 
applying it. This is good on any swelling. 

Soie Mouth or Tongue— Called Canker or Thrnsh.— Symptoms — 
the mouth runs water, the horse coods or throws the hay out of his 
mouth. The cause of this is often from frosty bits being put into the 
mouth, or by eating po^■507^c>W5 weeds. 

CuRE.^— Take of borax, 3 drs. ; sugar of lead, 2 drs. ; alum, y^ ^z. ; 
vinegar, 1 pt. ; sage tea, 1 pt. ; shake all well together, and wash the 
mouth out every morning — ^give no hay for twelve days. 

Groggry Knees. — The cause of this is sprains or over-driving, or by 
having corks, and no toes on the shoes. This can be cured in the first 
stages, but if of long standing, there is no cure. 

Cure. — Have shoes made thick at the toe and thin at the heels; 
take linseed oil, 3^ pt. ; alcohol, 4 ozs. ; camphor spirits, 1 oz. ; lauda- 
num, 2 ozs. ; shake, and applj^ to the back part of the legs, rub It in 
well every four days ; still increase the thickness of the shoes at the 
toe. 

How to Remove Warts. — Cut them out by the roots — take the 
tenackulum or hook, run it through the warts, and draw and cut 
round it, and draw it out; if it should bleed too much take 5 grains ot 
nitre of silver, and 2 ounce of w^atar ; wet a sponge, and merely touch 
the part with this wash, and it will stop them — treat it as any fresh 
wound — still every time you wash it scratch the scab off, so the scar 
will be small. This is the only sure way to cure them. 

Bots, — Symptoms — very much like that of the colic; the ears and 
the legs are hot, and sometimes the sweat will start in the flank and 
breast. 

Cure. — Make one-half gallon of sage tea, add to it one ounce of 
alum, drench with one-half of it, and if he is not better in thirty or 
f irty minutes, give the balance, and bleed one gallon — in six hours 
give a mild physic ; this will never fail if given in time. Never give 
turpentine, as many do; it will affect the kidneys. 

CoHc. — Symptoms— the horse lays down and gets up often, and 
looks around at his flank; his ears and legs are cold. Cause of this is 
cold water and change of food, over quantity of acid collecting in the 
stomach. 

Cure. — Take laudanum, 3^ oz.; sulphuric ether, 1 oz.; water, 
milk warm, % pt.; drench, and if not better in forty or fifty minutes, 
bleed, and repeat the drench. Do not allow the horse to be moved, 
while sick. 



_ — Appendix to Farriers' Department, 497 

Fonntfer in the First Stages.— Symptoms— the horse is stiff, his 
feet hot, iiiid often tvembles, very thirsty. 

Cuke. — Blecjd from the neck vein three or four gallons, or until 
he falls, then give the following: Aloes, % oz. ; gamboge, 4 drs. ; oil 
of sassafras, % oz. ; make this into a pill, gfve it, and give him all the 
sassafras tea he will cifink; turn up his feet and fill them full of boil- 
ing hot laid, bathe his legs in hot water, and rub them well. This will 
never fail to cure in forty-eight hours. 

Sick Stomach — liebility.— Symptoms — the horse refuses to eat, 
thirsty, hangs his head, reels when he walks, eyes dull. 

Cuke. — Bleed one-half gallon, then if he will eat a mash give him 
one; give no hay ; then give him one-half ounce of rhubarb every 
night until it moves his bowels, then take of gentian root, 4 ozs.; fenu- 
greek, 2 ozs. ; nitre, 3^ oz. ; mix, and give a large spoonful every day ; 
do not give him too much to eat when hjs appetite returns. 

Distemper.— Symptoms— swelling under the jaws, cannot swallow. 

Cuke. — Bleed two gallons, and physic, then if a tumor is found 
under the jaws, open it— if not, apply the " General Liniment" to the 
swelling, or the " White Ointment " — make it break on the outside if 
possible, then give of the cleansing powder for ten or twelve days, in 
mashes. Turn him out if you can get pasture. 

General Liniment.— Turpentine, % pt. ; linseed oil, % pt. ; aqua 
ammonia, 4 ozs. ; tincture of iodine, 1 oz. ; shake it all well. This is used 
for ditterent things spoken of in the different recipes, sores or swell- 
ings, sprains, etc. 

Sprains of the Stifle. -Symptoms— the horse holds up his foot, 
moans wlien moved, swells in the stifle — tliis is what is called stifling; 
there is no such thing as this joint getting out of place. 

Cure. — Bleed two gallons, foment the stifle with hot water, rub 
it dry, then bathe it well with the " General Liniment" every morn- 
ing and night, give him a mash and he will be well. Never allow any 
stifle shoe or cord on the foot or leg. 

Broken Knees. — This is caused by the horse falling on the knees. 
First, cleanse the part of all gravel and dirt, then w'ash them, — take 
two gills of alcohol, one-half ounce of arnica, tie the knees up in 
coarse linen, and if they swell in twenty lour hours, bleed, and keep 
the bowels open with mashes, and then apply the blue or the iodine 
ointment every other day ; do not use the horse until he is perfectly well, 
or it may cause the knees to break out again. 

Worms. — Symptoms— the horse eats, but will not thrive, his belly 
gets big, his hair stays. 

Cure. — Give one quart of strong tea, made of wormwood, at night, 
the next day give 7 drachms of aloes, 3 drachms calomel, make it into 
a ball and give it; give no cold water for forty-eight hours, make it 
milk Avarm ; give him two or three bran-mashes, and some of the 
cleansing powder ; if he shows any more symptoms repeat the dose in 
three weeks. This will never fail. 

Pliysic Ball. — Aloes, 3^ oz. ; gamboge, 3 drs. ; oil of juniper, 20 
drops; make into a pill with a few drops of molasses, wrap it up in 
thin paper and grease it, di-avv out the tongue with the left hand, place 
the gag in the mouth, and run the pill back with the right hand until 
it drops ofl*, let the head down and give a sup of water. First, prepare 
the hurse by giving one or two mashes. 

Iodine Liniment. — Get one ounce of the grease iodine, one pint of 
alcohol, let this stand in the sun two days, and this is the tincture of 
iodine. Take 2 ounces of tincture and one-half pound of lard, mix 



49 8 Appendix to Farriers* Department. 

well, and you have the iodine ointment. This is used wherever the 
recipes refer to the ointment. 

Bi^ or Milk Leg", — Tiiis is brought on by a hurt, a want of action 
in the absorbent system — it is dropsy of the muscles of the leg. 

Cure. — Apply ti»e " Liquid Blisterer" every three hours until it 
blisters, then in six hours grease with soft oil of any kind, then in eight 
days wash tlie pirt clean and apply it again — repeat it for three or four 
times, then use the iodine ointment — if this does not remove it all, ap- 
ply tlie spavin medicine: this will remove it all. 

Liquid lilisterer, — Take alcohol, 1 pt.; turpentine, 3^pt. ; aqua 
ammonia, 4 ozs. ; oil of origanum, 1 oz ; apply this as spoken of every 
three hours until it blistei's — do not repeat oftener than once in eight 
days, or seven at least, or it will kill the hair. 

Mangle and Surfeit. — Caused by ruuumg out in wet weather, 
over-driving and poor cleaning. Symptoms— the horse rubs and is 
itchy all over, broken out in scabs. 

Cure. — Bleed and physic, then take sulphur one-half lb., two lbs. 
of lard, mix well, grease the part affected every three or four days, 
stand the horse in the sun until all dries in, give him a few doses of 
the " Cleansing Powder." 

How to Tame the Wild Horse. — Halter him, and then take the 
warts from the leg, dry and powder, then blow it up his nose, tlu-n 
take the oil of rodium, drop a few drops on your hand, and rub it ov r 
his nose; this will make him follow yon, and you can do anything you 
wish. I paid Perry Plancher $20 for this recipe ; he is the Arabian 
horse tamer. 

How to Make a Horse Stand to be Castrated. — Put chloroform on 
a sponge and hold it to his nose a few seconds until he closes his eyes; 
remove it, and alter him. This can be given to perform any opera- 
tion — you can buy it at the drug store for seventy-live cents per pound. 

Spavin and Ringbone Medicine. — Take of cantharides, 2 ozs. ; 
mercurial ointment, 4 ozs. ; tincture of iodine, 5 ozs. ; turpentine, 4 ozs. ; 
corrosive sublimate, 5 drs. ; mix well with 2 lbs. of lard, color it if you 
like. Follow the directions here given. 

If for ringbone or bone spavin, cut off the hair from the part 
affected and merely grease the lump with the ointment. Rub it in well 
with the naked hand. In two days grease the part with lard, and in 
four days wash it off with soap and water and apply the ointment 
again. So repeat it every four days. If for windgalls, or bog-spavin, 
or curb, apply the ointment every six days. 

Johnston's Liniment. — Oil of origanum, 1 oz. ; alcohol, ^ pt. ; oil 
of cedar, 3^oz. ; oil of cloves, 3^ oz. ; turpentine, 3^oz, ; olive oil, 8 ozs. 
Shake all well. This is used for almost all complaints of the muscles. 

How to Cure Corn-?. — Take off the shoe, cut out the corns and drop 
in a few drops of muriatic acid, then make the shoes so they will not 
bear on the part affected, Apply the '* Hoof Liquid " to the hoof to 
remove the fever. This is a sure treatment. I never knew it to fail. 

Opodeldoc. — Take alcohol, 3^ gal. ; castile soap, 2 lbs. ; gum 
camphor, 4 ozs. ; oil of amber, 2 ozs. ; place the alcohol into a pot in 
hot water, shave up the soap and keep it hot until all dissolves, and 
3^ou have the old original opodeldoc. 

Fresh Wounds. — First, stop the blood by tying the arteries, or by 
applying the following wash: Nitre of silver, 4 grs. ; soft water, 1 oz.; 
wet the wound with this and then draw the edges together by stitches 
one inch apart, then wash clean, and if any swelling in twent3'^-four 
hours, bleed, and apply the " Blue Ointment," or any of the liniments 
spoken of. Keep the bowels open. 



^ Appe7idix to Parriers' Department, 499 

Green Ointment. — Take 6 pounds of lard, put into a 10 gallon ket- 
tle, add 2 gallons of water, cut jimpson weeds, and lill thein in and 
cook tliem four to six hours, slow, and cook all the water out, then put 
into jars, add to each pound of ointment one ounce of turpentine. This 
is a cheap and good stable ointment — good f or scratcnes, galls, cuts, etc. 

Lainpers. — All young horses are liable to this trouble — it is noth- 
ing but inflammation of the gums. 

Cure. — Bleed, or scarifj'- the gums — never burn, for it spoils the 
teeth, and adds to the cause of the disease. Give a bran mash, rub the 
gums with salt — give the *•" Cleansing Powders." 

How to Make the Drops to Make Old Horses Young, or Get Up 
and Howl ! — Take the tincture of asafosdita, 1 oz. ; tincture of canthar- 
ides, 1 oz. ; oil of anise, 1 oz. ; oil of cloves, 1 oz, ; oil of cinnamon, 1 
oz. ; antimony, 2 ozs. ; fenugreek, 1 oz. ; fourth proof brandy, )^ gal. ; 
let it stand ten or twelve days, and give ten drops in a pail of water — 
or one gallon. 

How to Make Ointment Like Sloan's. — Take mutton tallow, 4 
lbs. ; bees' wax, 3^ lb. ; resin, 3^ lb. ; turpentine, 3 ozs, ; melt over a 
lire, and when partly cold add the turpentine, and you have the same 
ointment Sloan sells to cure everything — try it, and prove its value. 

Butten Farcin. — Uause, over heat, high feeding, and no exercise. 
Symptoms — the limbs swell up and break out in running sores. 

Core, — In first stages bleed and physic, tlien take gentian, 2 ozs. ; 
ginger, 3 ozs. ; make this into a stiff paste, divide into twelve parts, 
add to each part separately 10 grains of arsenic, make into pills, give 
one morning and evening, until it makes his mouth sore, then wash 
the sores clean, and apply the " Blue Ointment" to the wounds — if not 
much better in three weeks — bleed and repeat the pills. Apply the 
different liniments to the legs if they swell. Be careful not to get the 
matter on a wound, or it icill kill you. 

Water Farcy. — This is a swelling along under the chest, and for- 
ward to the breast. Bleed, rowel in the breast, and all along the 
swelling, six inches apart, apply the " General Liniment" to the 
swelling, move the rowels every clay, let them stay in until the swelling 
goes down. Give soft food, mashes, with the "Cleansing Powder" in 
it — this is dropsy. Many causes for it. See Yoafs work on it. 

Diabetes — Too Free Discharge of Urine, or Cannot Hold His 
Water.— 'Cure. — Give % oz. of the tincture of cantharides every morn- 
ing for ten or twelve days, and if not entirely well repeat it again, and 
bleed one gallon from the neck — give clean food — the cause is rotton 
or musty grain, or too free use of turpentine — keep him open with 
mashes and green food. 

Contraction of Tendons of the Neck. — Symptoms — often the head 
is drawn around to one side, again, the horse cannot get his head to the 
ground. Cause of this is spraining the horse, and rheumatism pro- 
duces the contraction. 

Cure. — If it is taken in the first stages, bleed from the neok two gal- 
lons, then foment or bathe the part well with hot water, rub it dry and 
take the "General Liniment" and apply it every day, two or three 
times; this will cure it if it is of long standing; then blister all along 
the part affected with the " Liquid Blister"; do this every three weeks 
until he is well, and rub with the " White Ointment." 

For Rheumatism. — Take alcohol, 3^' pt. ; oil of origanum, 3^ oz. ; 
cayenne, 3^ oz. ; gum myrrh, 3^oz. ; one tea-spoon of lobelia, and let 
all stand over night, then bathe the part affected. This is the best medi- 
cine I ever saw-^I paid $5 for this recipe. 



CABINET MAKERS' DEPARTMENT. 



POLISH— For New Furniture.— Alcohol, 98 per cent, 1 pt. ; gums 
copal and siiellac, of each 1 oz. ; dragon's blood, % ^^' ^J^> ^^^^ dis- 
solve by setting in a warm place. 

Apply with a sponge (it is best in the snn or a warm room) about 
three coats, one directly after the other as fast as dry, say lifteen or 
twenty minutes apart; then have a small bmich of cotton batting tied 
up in a piece of woolen ; wet this in alcohol and rub over the surface 
well; now go over the surface with a piece of tallow, then dust on 
rotten stone from a woolen bag and rub it with what is often called 
the heel of the hand; now wipe it off with cotton clotli, and the more 
you rub with this last cloth, the better will be the polish. 

Although this professes to be for new work, it does not hurt the 
looks of old, not the least bit. Try it, all who want their furniture to 
show a gloss and answer in place of looking-glasses. 

If soldiers will try it on their gun-stocks, they will find it just the 
thing desired. 

2. Polish for Revivingr Old Furniture, Equal to the "Brother 
Jonathan." — Take alcohol, 1 J^ozs. ; spirits of salts (muriatic acid), 
3^ oz. ; linseed-oil, 8 ozs. ; best vinegar, ^ pt. ; and butter of anti- 
mony, 11^ ozs.; mix, putting in the vinegar last. 

it is an excellent reviver, making furniture look nearly equal to 
new, and really giving a polish to new woi'k, always shaking it as 
used. But if you cannot get the butter of antimony, the following will 
be the next best thing: 

3. Polish for Removing Stains, Spots, and Mildew, from Fur- 
niture. — Take of 98 per cent, alcohol, 3^ pt. ; pulverized resin and gum 
shellac, of each }£ oz. Let these cut in the alcohol; then add linseed- 
oil, 3^ pt.; shake well, and apply with a sponge, brush, or cotton flan- 
nel, or an old newspaper, rubbing it well after the application, which 
gives a nice polish. 

These are just the thing for new furniture when sold and about to 
be taken out of the shop; removing the dust and giving the new ap- 
pearance again. 

4. Jet, or Polish for Wood or Leather, Black, Red, or Blue. 
— Alcohol (98 per cent.),l pt. ; sealing wux, the color desired, 3 sticks; 
dissolve by heat, and have it warm when applied. A sponge is the best 
to apply it with. 

For black on leather it is best to apply copperas water first, to save 
extra coats; and paint wood the color desired also, for the same reason. 
On smooth surfaces, use the tallow and rotten stone as in the first pol'sh. 
It may be applied to carriage-bodies, cartridge-boxes, dashes, fancy 
baskets, straw bonnets, straw hats, etc. 

FURNITURE— Finishing with only One Coat of Varnish, not 



Cabinet Makers' Department 501 

using" Glue, Paste, or Shellac. — Take boiled linseed-oil and give tlie 
furniture a coat with a brush ; then immediately sprinkle dry whiting 
upon it and rub it in well with your hand, or a brush which is 
worn rather short and stiff, over all the surface — the whiting absorbs 
the oil; and the pores of the wood are thus filled with a perfect coat of 
putty, which will last for ages; and water will not spot it nor have any 
effect upon it. 

For mouldings and deep creases in turned work, you can mix them 
quite thick, and apply them together, with the old brush; but on 
smooth surfaces, the hand and dry whiting are best. If black walnut is 
the wood to be finished, you will put a trifle of burned umber in the 
whiting, — if for cherry, a little Venetian-red; beech or maple will re- 
quire less red. Only sufficient is to be used, in either case, to make the 
whiting the color of the wood being finished. Bedstead-posts, banis- 
ters, or standards for bedsteads, and all other turned articles, can have 
the finish put on in the lathe, in double quick time; spreading a news- 
paper on the lathe to save the scattering whiting, applying it with the 
hand or hands, having an old cloth to rub oft' the loose whiting which 
does not enter the pores of the wood, — the same with smooth surfaces 
also. 

This preparation is cheap; and it is a wonder that furniture men 
have not thought of it before. Three coats of varnish without it are 
not as level as one with it. From the fact that some of the varnish 
enters the pores of the wood and does not dry smooth; but with the 
pores filled with this preparation, of course it must dry smooth and 
level, without rubbing down. 

STAINS— Mahogany on Walnut, Natural as Nature.— Apply 
aquafortis by means of a rag tacked to a stick; for if you use a brush it 
will very soon destroy it. Set the furniture in the hot sun to heat in 
the aquafortis; if no sun, heat it in by a stove or fire. 

It is better if heated in, but does quite well without heating. Finish 
up in every other way as usual. 

This finish is applicable to fancy tables, stands, lounges, coffins, 
etc., and equally beautiful on knots and crotches, giving walnut the 
actual appearance of mahogany, and as it Yi apipearances o^xAy that most 
people depend upon, why will this not do as well as to transport tim- 
ber from beyond the seas? 

2, Rose-wood Stain, Very Bright Shade— Use Cold.— Take 
alcohol, 1 gal.; camwood, 2 ozs.; let them stand in a warm place 24 
hours; then add extract of logwood, 3 ozs. ; aquafortis, 1 oz. ; and when 
dissolved it is ready for use; it makes a very bright ground, like the 
most beautiful rose-wood — one, two, or more coats, as you desire, over 
the whole surface. 

This part makes the briirht streaks or grains; the dark ones are 
made by applying, in waves, the following: 

Take the iron turnings or chippings, and put vinegar upon them; 
let it stand a few hours and it is ready to apply over the other, by 
means of a comb made for graining; or a comb made from thinnish 
India-rubber; the teeth should be rather good length, say half an inch, 
and cut close together, or further apart, as desired; and with a little 
practice, excellent imitation will be made. 

This, for chairs, looks very beautiful to apply the darkening mix- 
ture by means of a flat, thin-haired brush, leaving only a little of the 
red color in sight; and if you want to make the cringles, as sometimes 
seen in rose-wood, it is done with a single tooth or pen, bearing on 
sometimes hard and then light, etc., etc. All can and must be got by 
practice. 



502 Dr. Chasers Recipes. 

The above stain is very brio;ht. If, however, you wish a lower 
shade, use the next recipe. 

3. Rose- wood Stain— Light Shade.— Take equal parts of log- 
wood and redwood chips, and boil well in just sufficient water to make 
a strong stain; apply it to the furniture while hot; 1 or 2, or even 3 
coats may be put on, one directly after the other, according to the 
depth of color desired. 

For the dark lines, use the iron chippings as in the above recipie. 
Or, if a rose-pink is desired, use the following: 

4. Rose-Pink, Stain and Yarnisli, also Used to Imitate 
Rose-wood. — Put an ounce of potash into a quart of water, with red- 
sanders, 1^^ ozs.; extract the color from the wood, and strain; then add 
gum shellac, 3^ lb. ; dissolve it by a quick fire. Used upon logwood 
stain for rose-wood imitation. 

5. Black Walnut Stain. — Whenever persons are using walnut 
which has sap-edges, or if two pieces are being glued together which are 
different in shade, or when a poplar pannel, or other wood, is desired to 
be used to imitate black walnut, j'-ou will find the following to give 
excellent satisfaction : 

Spirits of turpentine, 1 gal.; pulverized gum asphaltum, 2 lbs. 
Put them into an iron kettle and place upon a stove, which prevents 
the possibility of fire getting at the turpentine; dissolve by heat fre- 
quently stirring until dissolved. Put into a jug or can while hot. 

When desired to use any of it, pour out and reduce with turpen- 
tine to the right shade for the work being stained With a little prac- 
tice you can make any shade desired. If used with a brush over a red 
stain, as mentioned in the rose- wood stain recipes, especially for chairs 
and bedsteads, it very nearly resembles that wood. Mixing a little var- 
nish with the turpentine when reducing it prevents it from spotting, 
and causes it to dry quicker. By rubbing a little lamp-black with it, you 
can make it a perfect black, if desired. 

6. Cherry Stain. — Take rain water, 3 qts.; anotta, 4 ozs. ; boil 
in a copper kettle until the anotta is dissolved; then put in a piece of 
potash the size of a common walnut, and keep it on the fire about half 
an hour longer, and it is readj'^ for use. Bottle for keeping. 

This makes poplar or other light-colored woods so near the color 
of cherry that it is nard to distinguish; aud even improves the appear- 
ance of light-colored cherry. 

VARNISHES— Black, with Asphaltum.— Spirits of turpentine, 1 
gal.; pulverized gum asphaltum, 2^ lbs.; dissolve by heat, over a 
stove fire. 

It is applied to iron, frames of door plates, back-grounds, in crystal 
painting, etching upon glass and also for fence-wire, or screens which 
are to go into water above mills to turn leaves and drift-wood, etc. 

2. Patent Varnish, for Wood or Canvass. — Take spirits of turpen- 
tine, Igal.; asphaltum, 214 ihs. ; put them into an iron kettle which will 
fit upon a stove, and dissolve the gum by heat. When dissolved and a 
little cool, add copal varnish, 1 pt., and boiled linseed-oil, 3^ pt. When 
cold it is ready for use. Perhaps a little lamp-black would make it a 
more perfect black. 

If done over a common fire, the turpentine will be very likely to 
take fire and be lost, and perhaps fire the house or your clothes. 

This is valuable for wood, iron, or leather; but for cloth, first 
make a sizing by boiling fiax-seed, one quart, in water, one gallon; 
applying of this for the first coat; the second coat of common thick 
black paint; and lastly a coat of the varnish. Some think that sperm 
oil, the same quantity, makes a little better gloss. 



Cabinet Makers' Department. 5 03 

3. Varnish, Transparent, for Wood.— Best alcohol, 1 ^al. ; nice 
gum shellac, 23^ lbs. Place the jug or bottle in a situation to keep it 
just a little warm, and it will dissolve quicker than if hot or left cold. 

This varnish is valuable for plows, or any other article where you 
wish to show the grain of the wood, and for pine, when you wish to 
finish up rooms with white, as the " Porcelain Finish." A coat or two 
of it effectually prevents the pitch from oozing out, which would stain 
the finish. 

If this stands in an open dish, it will become thick by evaporation; 
in such cases add a little more alcohol, and it is as good as before. Some 
do use as much as three and a half pounds of shellac, but it is too thick 
to spread well; better apply two or more coats, if necessary. When a 
black varnish is wanted, you can rub lamp-black with this, for that 
purpose, if preferred before the asphaltum, last given. 



BARBERS' AND TOILET DEPARTMENT. 



HAIR DYE— In Two Numbers.— No. 1.— Take gallic acid, ^oz.; 
alcohol, 8 ozs. ; soft water, 16 ozs. ; put the acid in the alcohol, then 
add the water. 

No. 2, — Take for No. 2, crystalized nitrate of silver, 1 oz, ; ammo- 
nia, strongest kind, 3 ozs. ; gum arable, 3^ oz. ; soft water, 6 ozs. Ob- 
serve, in making it, that the silver is to be put into the ammonia, and 
not corked until it is dissolved ; the gum is to be dissolved in the 
water, then all mixed, and it is ready for use. 

Barbers will probably make this amount at a time, as it comes 
much cheaper than in small quantities; but if families or others, for 
individual use, only wish a little, take drachms, instead of ounces, 
which you see will make only one-eighth of the amount. 

Directions for Applying. — First, wash the whiskers or hair 
with the "shampoo," and rinse out well, rubbing with a towel until 
nearly dry; then with a brush apply No. 1, wetting completely, and 
use the diy towel again to remove all superfluous water; then with 
another brush (tootli-brushes are best,) wet every part with No. 2, and 
it becomes instantaneously black; as soon as it becomes dry, wash off 
with hard water, then with soap and water ; apply a little oil, and all 
is complete. 

The advantages of this dye are, that if you get any stain upon the 
skin, wipe it off with a cloth at the time, and the washing removes all 
appearances of stain ; and the whiskers or hair never turn red, do not 
crack, and are a beautiful black. 

However, cyanuret of potassium, 1 dr., to 1 oz. of water, will take 
off any stain upon the skin, arising from nitrate of silver; but it is 
poison, and should not touch sore places nor be left where children 
may get at it. 

Persons whose hair is prematurely gray, will find dye less trouble 
in using, than the restoratives; for when once applied, nothing more 
needs being done for several weeks ; whilst the restoratives are only 
slow dyes, and yet need several applications. But that all may have 
the chance of choosing for themselves, I give you some of the best re- 
storatives in use. 

HAIll UESTOTIATIYES AND INTIGORATORS. — Equal to 
Wood's, for a Trifling Cost. — Sugar of lead, borax, and lac-sulphur, 
of each, 1 oz. ; aqua ammonia, ^ oz. ; alcohol, 1 gill. These articles 
to stand mixed for 14 hours; then add bay rum, 1 gill; fine table salt, 
1 table-spoon ; soft water, 3 pts. ; essence of bergamot, 1 oz. 

This preparation not only gives a beautiful gloss, but will cause 
hair to grow upon bald heads, arising from all common causes; and 
turn gray hair to a dark color. 

MANNER OF APPLICATION. — When the hair is thin or bald, make 
two applications daily, until this amount is used up, unless the hair has 
come out sufiiciently to satisfy you before that time ; work it to the 



Barbers and Toilet Department. 505 

roots of the hair with a soft brush or the ends of the fiugers, rubbinoj 
well each time. For g'ray hair one application dail}'^ is sufficient. It is 
harmless, and will do all that is claimed for it, does not cost only a 
trifle in comparison to the advertised restoratives of the da}?-, and will 
be found as good or better than most of them. 

2. Invigoralor. — Vinegar of cantharides, 1 oz. ; cologne-water, 
1 oz. ; and rose-water, 1 oz. ; mixed and rubbed to the roots of the 
hair, until the scalp smarts, twice dail^^ has been very highly recom- 
mended for bald heads, or where the hair is falling out. 

If there is no tine hair on the scalp, no restorative nor invigor- 
ator on earth can give a head of hair. See remarks after No. 8. 

3. Another. — Lac-sulphur and sugar of lead, of each, 1 dr. ; tan- 
nin and pulverized copperas, each, 32 grs. ; rose-water, 4 ozs. ; wetting 
the hair once a day for 10 or 12 days, then once or twice a week will 
keep up the color. 

If it is desired only to change gray hair to a dark color, the last 
will do it; but where the hair is falling out, or has already fallen, the 
first is required to stimulate the scalp to healthy action. 

4. Another. — Lac-sulphur and sugar of lead, of each, 1 oz. ; ])ul- 
verized litharge (called lithrage), V/^ ozs.; rain water, 1 qt. ; applying 
3 mornings and skipping 3, until 9 applications — give a nice dark 
color. 

I obtained this of one of the Friends, at Richmond. Ind., and foi- 
turning white or gray hair, it is a good one. The litharge sets the 
color, as the sulphate of iron does in the next. There is but little 
choice between them. 

5. Another. — Rain water, 6 ozs. ; lac-sulphnr, 3^ oz. ; sugar of 
lead, J^ oz. ; sulphate of iron (copperas), 1^ oz. ; flavor with berganiot 
essence, if desired; and apply to the hair daily until sufficiently dark 
to please. 

All the foregoing restoratives will change, or color the gray or 
white hair black, or nearly so ; but let who will tell you that his re- 
storative will give your hair its original color, just let that man go for 
all he is worth at the time ; for as time advances, his worth will be 
beautifully less. 

6. Hair Invigorator. — A Wheeling barber makes use of the fol- 
lowing invigorator to stop hair from falling out, or to cause it to grow 
in ; it is a good one ; so is the one following it. 

Take bay rum, 1 pt. ; alcohol, ^ pt. ; castor oil, '% oz. ; cai'bonate 
of ammonia, ^ oz. ; tincture of cantharides, y^ oz. Mix, and shake 
when used. Use it daily, until the end is attained, 

7. Another. — Carbonate of ammonia, 1 oz., rubbed up in 1 pt. of 
sweet oil. Apply daily until the hair stops falling out, or is sufficiently 
grown out. 

The last is spoken of very highly in England, as a producer of 
hair, " where the hair ought to grow," and does not. 

§. Strong sage tea, as a daily wash, is represented to stop hair 
from falling out; and what will stop it from falling, is an invigorator, 
and consequently good. 

There is not a liniment mentioned in this book, but which, if well 
rubbed upon the scalp daily for two or three months, will bi'ing out a 
good head of hair. When the scalp has become glossy and shining, 
however, and no tine hair gi'owing, you may know that the hair folli- 
cle, or root, is dead; and nothing can give a head of hair in such cases, 
any more than grain can grow from ground which has had none scat- 
22 



5o6 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

tered upon it. This condition may be known by the shining or glis- 
teninof appearance of the scalp. 

The heads as well as bodies should be often wa«]ied with soap and 
clean water; but if that is neglected too long, it becomes necessary to 
use somethi:!<if strono:er to remove the grease and dandruff — then the 
followinsr will be found iu?Jt the thing to be desii-ed : 

SHAMPOOING MlXrURES-ForFive Cents per Quart.— Puri- 
fied carbonate of potash, commonly called salts of tartar, 1 oz. ; rain 
water, 1 qt. ; mix, and it is ready for use. 

Apply a few spoons of it to the head, rubbing and working it 
thoroughly; then rinse out with clean soft water, and dry the hair 
well with a coaise, dry towel, appl3dng a little oil or pomatum to sup- 
ply the natural od which lias been saponified and washed out by the 
oper ition of the mixture. A barber will make at least five dollars out 
of this five cents' worth of material. 

2. Another excellent shampoo is made by using aqua ammonia, 
3 ozs. , salts of tartar, 3^ oz ; alcohol, 3^ oz. ; and soft water, V/^ pts., 
and flavoring with bergamot. In applying, rub the liead until the 
lather goes down ; then wash out. 

The next i-e(;ipe, also, makes' as good a shampoo mixture as I wish, 
for it kills so many birds at one throw that I do not wish to throw any 
other. 

RENOTATIXtt MIXTURES-For Grease Spots, Shampooing, 
and Killing' lied-Bngs. — Aqua ammonia, 2 ozs. ; soft water, 1 qt. ; salt- 
petre, 1 tea spoon ; variegated shaving soap, 1 oz., or 1 three-cent cike, 
finely shaved or scraped ; mix all, shake well, and it will be a little 
better to stand a few hours or days before using, which gives the soap 
a chance to dissolve. 

Directions. — Pour upon the place a sufficient amount to well 
cover any grease or oil which may get spilled or daubed upon coats, 
pants, carpets, etc., sponging and rubbing well, and applying again if 
necessary to saponify the grease in the garment; then wash off with 
clear cold water. 

Don't squirm now, for these are not half it will do. Some people 
fly entirely off the handle when a preparation is said to do many 
things. For my part, however, I always admire an article in propor- 
tion to the labor which can be performed by it or with it. This prep- 
aration will shampoo like a charm ; raising the lather in proportion to 
the amount of grease and dandruff in the hair. It will remove paint, 
even from a board, I care not how long it has been applied, if oil was 
used in the paint — and j^et It does not injure the finest textures, for the 
simple reason that its affinity is for grease or oil, changing them to 
sonp, and thus loosening any substance with which they may be com- 
bined. 

If it is put upon a bed-bug, he will never step afterwards; and if 
put into their crevices, it destroys their eggs, and thus drives them 
from the premises. 

A cloth wet with it will soon remove all the grease and dirt from 
the doors which are much opened by kitchen hands. 

2. Renovating Ciotlies— Gentlemen's Wear.— To warm soft wa- 
ter, 4 gals , put in 1 beet's gall : saleratus, % lb Dissolve. 

Lay the garment on a bench, and scour every part thoroughly by 
dipping a stitV brush into the mixture. Spots of gi-ease and the collar 
must lie done more thorough, and longer continued than other parts, 
and rinse the garment in the mixture by raisino- up and down a few 
times, then the same way m a tub of soft cold water; press out the 



Barbers' ami Toilet Deparf?nent. 507 

water and hang up to dry; after which it needs brushing the way of 
the nap, and i)ressing well under a damp cloth. 

Beet's gall will set the color on silks, woolen, or cotton — one spoon 
to a gallon of water is sufficient for this purpose. Spotted bombazine 
or bombazetta washed in this will also look nearly equal to new. 

3. Faded or Worn Garments— To Renew the Color.— To alcohol 
1 qt., add extract of logwood, 3^ lb. ; loaf sugar, 2 ozs, ; blue vitriol, ^ 
oz. ; heat gently until all are dissolved ; bottle for use. 

Directions. — To one pint of boiling water put three or four tea- 
gpoons of the mixture, and apply it to the garment with a clean brush ; 
wetting the fabric thoroughly; let diy; then suds out well and dry 
again to prevent crocking; brush with the nap to give the polish. This 
may be applied to silks and woolen goods having colors; but is most 
applicable to gentlemen's apparel. 

COLOGXES— Imperial.— Take oils of bergamot, 1 oz.; neroli, 1 
dr. ; jessamine, ^ oz.; garden lavender, 1 dr.; cinnamon, 5 drops; 
tincture of benzoin, 1)^ ozs. ; tincture of musk, }^ oz. ; deodorized or 
cologne alcohol, 2 qts. ; rose water, 1 pt. Mix. 

Allow the preparation to stand several days, shaking occasionally, 
before filtering for use or bottling. This is rather expensive, yet a very 
nice article. See "Rose-Wate*-." 

2. Cologne for Family Use— Cheaper.— Oils of rosemary and 
lemon, each, }^ oz. ; bergamot and lavender, each, 1 dr.; cinnamon, 8 
drops; clove and rose, each, 15 drops; common alcohol, 2 qts. Mix, 
and shake from 2 to 3 times daily for a week. 

Colo,^ne need only be used in very small quantities; the same is 
true of highly flavored oils or pomades; as too much, even of a good 
thing, soon disgusts those whom they were intended to please. 

HAIR OILS— New York Barbers' Star,— Castor oil, Q% pts. ; al- 
cohol, ]i^ pts.; oil of citronella, 1^ oz ; lavender, % oz. ; mixed, and 
shaken when used, makes one of the finest oils for the hair in use. 

I have been told that this amount of alcohol does not cut the oil. 
Of course, we know that; that is, it does not become clear, neither do 
we want it to do so; it combines with the oil, and destroys all the 
gumniiness and flavor peculiar to castor oil, by which it becomes one 
of the best oils for the hair which can be applied. Gills, spoons, or 
any other measure will do as well, keeping the proportion of flavoring 
oils; and if the citronella cannot be got, use some other oil in its 
place; none are equal to it, however. 

2. Macassar, or Rose.— Olive oil, 1 qt. ; alcohol, 2% ozs.; rose 
oil, % dr. ; tie chipped alkanet root, 1 oz., into 2 or 3 little muslin bags; 
let them lie in the oil until a beautiful red is manifested ; then hang 
them up to drain, for if you press them you get out a sediment you do 
not wish in the oil. 

3. Fray rant, Honie-Made.— Collect a quantity of the leaves of 
any of the flowers that have any agreeable fragrance ; or fragrant 
leaves, as the rose, geranium, etc.; card thin layers of cotton, and dip 
into the finest sweet oil; sprinkle a small quantity of salt on the flow- 
ers : a layer of cotton and then a layer of flowers, until an earthen- 
ware vessel, or a wide-mouthed glass bottle, is full. 

Tie over it a piece of a bladder; then place the vessel in the heat 
of the sun ; and in fifteen days a fragrant oil may be squeezed out, re- 
sembling the leaf used. Or, an extract is made by putting oil upon 
the flowers or leaves, in about the same length of time. These are 
very suitable for the hair, but the oil is undoubtedly the best. 

4. Pomade— Ox-Marrow.— One of the most beautiful pomade*, 
both in color and action, is made as follows : 



5o8 Dr, Chase' s Recipes. 

Take beef's marrow, 1 lb. ; alknnet root, not chipped, 1 oz. ; put 
them into a suitable vessel and stew ihem as you would render tallow; 
strain tlironuli two or three thicknesses of muslin, and then add, of 
castor oil, 3^ ^^'y t>ay rum, 1 gal.; which takes away the peculiar 
freshness at the marrow; then use the extract of tlie common rose 
geranium to give it the flavor desired. 

Half as much suet as marrow, also makes a very nice article, and 
can be us<'d where the marrow is not easilv obtained. 

BALM OF A THOUSAN D FLO WEHS/— As strange as it may seem, 
some of the most astonishingl}'^ named articles are the most simple iu 
their compo<*ition. Althougli thousands of dollars have been made out 
of the above named article, it is both cheap and simple : 

Deodorized alcohol, 1 pt. ; nice white- bar soap, 4 ozs. ; shave the 
soap when put in; stand in a warm place until dissolved ; then add oil 
of citronella, 1 dr.; and oils of neroli and rosemary, of each, 3^ dr. 

It is recommended as a general perfume; but it is more p.trticu- 
larly valuable to put a little of it into warm water, with wiiich to 
cleanse the teeth. 

R.VZOR-STROP PASTE.— Take the very finest superfine flour of 
emery and moisten it with sweet oil ; or you may moisten liie surface 
of the strop with the oil, then dust the flour of emery upou it, which 
is perhaps the btst way. 

Nothing else is needed. You must not take any of the coarse flour, 
nothing but the finest will do. It is often mixed with a little oil and 
much other stufl^ which is of no use, and put up iu little boxes and 
sold at two shillings, not having more tiiau three cents' worth of 
emery. 



APPENDIX TO BARBERS' AND TOILET DEPARTMENT, 

BY THE PUBLISHER. 

COMPLEXION. — We will pve a few words of advice, as an assist- 
ance ill the preservation of the complexion. 

Rise early, and ^o to bed early. Take a plenty of exercise. Keep 
the pores of the skin open by perfect cleanliness. Be moderate in eat- 
int? and drinking. Do not often frequent crowded assemblies, and 
shun cosmetics^ and wasJies for the skin. We will give a few harmless 
recipes. But most of tlie powders and washes used dry up the skin, 
and in the end make it rough. 

Be careful always in washing to wipe j-^our skin dry, particularly 
your hands; rub them briskly for some time. If hands ai*e left moist 
after washing, they will chap, crack and become red. Honey is ex- 
cellent to rub over chapped hands, or anoint them with cold cream or 
glycerine before retiring to rest. 

If you desire to make your hands delicate, wash them in hot milk 
and water for a day or two; on retiring to rest rub them with palm 
oil, and put on gloves; wash them well in the morning. Lime water, 
Icinon-juice, or sour-milk will remove the sunburn from hands. Above 
all, keep the nails sciupnlously clean. 

Complexion, to Improve it.— Be cheerful ; get as mtich fresh air 
in-doors and out-doors, as possible. Keep in health; promote a good 
digestion, and regular evacuations; avoid alcoholic drinks; a milk and 
vegetable diet makes a fair complexion; plain living, without condi- 
ments and hot seasonings, etc,, makes the fairest face. It is good to 
rise early in the morning, drink a cup of milk, walk into the tields, wash 
the face in sparkling dew, gaze on creation, below, above, and all 
around you, till mental pleasure beams forth on your face in radiant 
smiles. Check the effects of grief, disappointments, embarrassments, 
etc. 

Dissolve flour of sulphur in milk, and strain. With the clear 
milk wash the face. Or infuse sifted bran in best vineg<»r; add. well 
beaten, the yolks of 3 or 4 eggs, and 1 gr. of ambergris. Distill. Bottle, 
and cork well. Or, Castile soap, 4 ozs. ; Fuller's earth water, 1 quart. 
Dissolve. Add 3^ oz. of spirits of wine, and 1 dr. each of oil of laven- 
der and rosemary. Fuller's earth water is made by merely dissolving 
it in watei-, stirring well, and then let it settle. This earth alone is good 
for the comiuexiou. 

Cutaneous Eruptions. — The following mixture is very useful in all 
cutaneous eruptions: Ipecacuanha wine, 4 drs. flour of sulphur, 2 
dr.-.; tincture of cardamunis, 1 oz. Mix; 1 teaspoon to be taken three 
times a day, in a w iiieglass of water. 

Wash for a Blolcked Face. — liose water. 3 ozs.; sulphate of zinc, 
1 dr Mix; wet the fice with it, gently dry it, and then touch it over 
« with cold cream, which also dry gently off. 

Female Dress* — It is well known that a loose and easy dress con- 



5IO Appendix to Barbers^ and Toilet Department. 

tributes much to give the sex the fine proportions of body that are 
observable in tiie Grecian statues, and wliicli serve as models to our 
present artists, nature beint^ too much disligured among us to afford 
any such. The GreeIvS knew notliing of those Gothic sliackles, that 
multiplicity of ligatures and bandages with which our bodies are com- 
pressed. Their women were ignorant of the use of whalebone stays, 
by which ours distort their shape instead of displaying it. This prac- 
tice, carried to so great an excess as it is in America, must in time 
degenerate the species, besides being in bad taste. Can it be a pleasant 
sight to behold a woman cut in two in the middle, as if she were like a 
wasp ? On the contrary, it is as shocking to the eye as it is painful to 
the imagination. A fine shape, like the limb, hath its due size and 
proportion, a diminution of which is certainly a defect. Such a de- 
formity also would be shocking in a naked figure; wherefore, then, 
should it be esteemed a beauty in one that is dressed ? Everything that 
confines and la3's nature under restraint is an instance of bad taste. 
This is as true in regard to the ornaments of the body as to the em- 
bellishments of the mind. Life, health, reason, and convenience ought 
to betaken first into consideration. Gracefulness cannot subsist without 
ease; delicacy is not debility; nor must a woman be sick in order to 
please, — Rousseau. 

Camphorated Dentifrice. — Prepared chalk, 1 lb ; camphor, 1 or 2 
drs. The camphor must be finely powdered by moistening it with a 
little spirit of wine, and then intimately mixing it with the chalk. 

Myrrh Dentifrice. — Powdered cuttlefish, 1 lb.; powdered myrrh, 
2 ozs. 

American Tooth Powder. — Coral, cuttlefish bone, di-agon's blood, of 
each 8 drs.; burnt alum and red sanders, of each 4 drs.; orris root, 8 
drs.; cloves and cinnamon, of each 3^ dr.; vanilla, 11 grs ; rosewood, 
}^ dr. ; rose pink, 8 drs. All to be finely powdered and mixed. 

Qiunine 'i'ooth Powder. — Rose pink, 2 drs.; percipitated chalk, 12 
drs.; carbonate of magnesia, 1, dr.; quinine (sulphate), 6 grs. All to 
be well mixed together. 

Depilatory — To renioye superfluous Hairs. — Saturate the part 
well with line oil. In about an hour, wipe it oft"; then take finely powder- 
ed quick lime, 1 oz. ; powdered orpiment, 1 dr. ; mix with white of 
egg; and apply with asm:ill brush. 

Tartar— To Remove From the Teeth. — Brush the teeth often up 
and down, not horizontally, with soap, then with salt. Eating fruit 
or oat-cake, cleanses the teeth greatly. In using the tooth brush the 
friction ought never to cause the gums to bleed. 

FRECKLES. — A cutaneous aftectioa of the countenance to which 
persons of fiorid complexion are greatly subject, especially females 
with auburn hair. Freckles are small yellow spots that break out over 
the face in the hot period of summer, and by their number giVe a 
stained and unpleasant appearance to the countenance. A still more 
obstinate form of freckles appears in the winter, often proceeding from 
a disordered state of the stomach. The best treatment for this form of I 
eruption is to take a three-grain blue pill for two nights, and on the * 
third morning a sedlitz powder, — using the following wash twice a day 
— and the application, at bedtime of a little white elder-flower ointment 
rubbed into the skin of the face. 

>Vash for the Face. — Take of sal ammoniac, powdered, 1 dr.; 
boiling water, 1 pt. ; dissolve and strain, adding, when cold, spirits of 
rosemary, }^ oz. ; lavender water, 2 drs. Mix, and use as directed; or. 
a little n'iagnesia, taken occasionally as a corrective, and a lotion for the 



Appendix to Barbers' and Toilet Department. 511 

face, to be used twice a day, composed of 8 ozs. of elder-flower water 
ill which 4 grs. of corrosive sabliinate have been dissolved, may be sub- 
slituted. 

The Irish peasantry are in the habit of washing iheir faces with 
buttermi(;li as a cosmetic, and with <iTeat success. An excellent wash 
for freckles is made by sci-aping some horseradish very tine, and let- 
ting it stand for some hours in buttermilk, then straining, and using 
the wash niglit and morning. 

Some persons piescribe citric acid, dissolved in water, of a strength 
sufficient to produce a slight pricking sensation. Tiie juice of a lemon, 
squeezing into half a tumbler of water, is, however, a more certain 
means to effect the same ivsnlt; or a little glycerine, mixed with elder- 
flower water, may be tried as a cosmetic wash. Any of these prepara- 
tions, howevei-. are useful, es})ecially when assisted*^ by the alteratives 
of magnesia, blue pill, and seidlitz i)owder. 

To ReiiiOYC Freckles.— Powdered nitre, moistened with water and 
applied to the face night and morning will soon remove freckles with- 
out injuiy to the skin. 

Freckles. — To disperse them, take 1 oz. of lemon juice; \i dr. of 
powdered borax, and 3^ dr. of sngar; mix, and let them stand a few 
days in a glass bottle till the liquor is tit for use; then rub it on the 
hands and tace occasionally. 

To Remove Freckles.— Dissolve, in 1^ oz. of lemon juice, 1 oz. of 
Venice soap, and add ^ oz. each of oil of b.tter almonds, and deliqua- 
ted oil of tartar. Place this mixture in the sun till it acquires the con- 
sistency of ointment. When in this state add three drops of the oil of 
rhotlinm, and keep it for use. Apply it to the face and hands in the 
manner following: Wash tiie pails at night with elder-flower water. 

Freckles. — Take 1 oz. of lemon-juice, ^ dr. of powdered borax 
and 3^ dr. of sugai-; mix, let them stand a lew days in a glass bottle, 
then rub it on the hands and face occasionally. Or, mix two teaspoons 
of muriatic acid with 2 ozs. of spii-its of wine; and \% pts. of distilled 
"water. Or, 2 drs. of muriatic acid in 1 pt. of waterr and a teaspoon 
of spirits of lavender. Apply with a camel hair pencil, or linen. Or, 
Horseradish steeped in sour milk for 12 hours, and a drop or two of 
tincture of myrrh. Wash two or three times per day. 

A Cure for Freckh «. — Scrape horseradisii into a cup of cold sour 
milk; let it stand twelve hours, strain, and apply two or the times a 
day. 

Another. — Mix lemon juice, 1 oz; powdered borax, J^ dr.: sugar, 
3^ dr.; keep a few days in a glass bottle, then apply occasionally. 

A Cure for Pimples. — Many of our young i)e"of.le are much trou- 
bled with an ernptioii upon the face. It often proves a great annoy- 
ance to them ; but there is a simjile remedy, which, if it does not eflect 
a complete cure, will obviate the difliculty in a great degree, without 
the least injury to the health or skin. 

To 1 gr. of corrosive sublimate add 1 oz. of rose water; filter, and 
apply twice a day. 

IIand>, to Whiten. — Take a wineglass of eau de Cologne, half a cup 
of lemon juice, scrape two cakes of \V iiidsor soap to a powder; mix 
well, then add a teaspoon of sulphuric acid. Mould it, and let it 

COMPOUNDS TO PR05I01E TIIE GROWTH OF THE HAIR. 

— When tiie hair falls off, trom diminished aciion of the scalp, prepara- 
tions of cantharides olten ])rove useful; they are sold under the names 
of Dupuytren's Pomade, Cazeuaze's Pomade, etc. The following di- 
rections are as good as any of the more complicated recipes: 



512 Appendix to Barbers' and l^oilet Department. 

Pomale Against Baldness. — Beef marrow, soaked in several 
"waters, melted and ^trained, hall: a pound; tincture of cantharides 
(made by soaking for a week 1 dr. of powdered cantliarides in 1 oz. of 
proof spirit), 1 oz.; oil of bero-aniot, 12 drops. 

Erasiiiiis Wilson's Lotion Ag'ainst Haldncss. — Eau de Coloofne, 2 
ozs ; tincture of cantliarides, 2 drs. ; oil of lavender or rosemary, of 
either 10 drops. These applic.itions must be used one or twice a day 
for a consider, ible time; but if the scalp becomes sore they must be 
disc.ontinued for a time, or used at longer intervals. 

Bandoline, or Fixature. — Several preparations are used ; the follow- 
ing are the best: 1. Mucilage of clean picked Irish moss, made by boiling 
i^'oz. of the moss in 1 qt. of water until sufficiently thick, rectified 
spiiitin the i)roportion of a teaspoon to each bottle to prevent its being 
miLlewed. The quantity of spirit varies according to the time it re- 
quires to be kept. 2. Gum tragacanth, 1^ drs.; water, 3^ pt. ; proof 
spirit (made by mixing equal parts of rectified spirit and water), 3 ozs.; 
otto of roses, ten dro|)s; soak for twenty-four hours and strain. 

Excellent Hair Wash. — Take 1 oz. of borax, 3^ oz. of camphor; 
powder these ingredients tine, and dissolve them in 1 qt. of boiling 
water; when cool, the solution will be ready for use; damp the hair 
frequently. This wash eftectually cleanses, beautifies, and strengthens 
the hair, preserves the color, and prevents early bladness. The cam- 
phor will form into lumps after being dissolved, but the water will be 
sufficiently impregnated. 

H VlR OILS— Rose Oil.— Olive oil,! pt; otto of roses, 5 to 16 drops; 
Essence of bergamot, being much cheaper, is commonly used instead of 
the more expensive otto ot roses. 

Ked Rt>se Oil. — The same. The oil colored before scenting, by 
steeping in it 1 dr. of alkanet root, with a gentle heat, until the desired 
tint is produced. 

Oil of Rjses. — Olive oil, 2 pts. ; otto of roses, 1 dr.; oil of rose- 
mary, 1 dr.; mix. It umj'- be colored red by steeping a little alkanet 
root in the oil (with heat) uetore scenting it. 

FOMA-TUMS. — For making pomatums, the lard, fat, suet, or mar- 
row must be carefull}'^ prepared by being melted with as gentle a heat 
as ])ossil)le, skimmed, strained, and cleared from the dregs which are 
deposited on standing. 

C >m;no:i I'Oinatnni. — Mutton suet, prepared as above, 1 lb ; Inrd, 
3 lbs. ; c irel'u.ly melted together, and stirred constantly as it cods, 3 
ozs. of berg imot being added. 

H.iru Poaiatuai. — Lard and mutton suet carefully prepared, of each 
1 lb ; white w 'X, 4 ozs; essence of bergamot, 1 oz. 

To Clean Kid Gloves. — Make a strong lather with curd soap and 
warm water, iii which steep a smrdl piece of new flannel. Place the 
glove on a flat, clean, and unyielding surface — such as the bottom of a 
dish, and having thoroughly soaped the flannel (when squeezed from 
the latjier), rub the kid till all the dirt be removed, cleaning and re- 
soaping the flannel from time to time. Care must be taken to omit no 
part oTthe glove, by turning the lingei-s, etc The gloves must be dried 
in the sun, or before a moderate fire, and will pi-esent the apjiearance 
of old parchment. When quite dry, they must be gradually "pulled 
out," and will look new. 

To Clean Freneh Kid Gloves.— Put the gloves on your hand and 
wash them, as if vou weie washing your hands, in some s.)irits of tur- 
pentine, until quite clean; then hang them in a warm jjlace, or where 
there is a current of air, and all smell of the turpentine will be remov- 



Appendix td Barbers' and Toilet Department 513 

ed. This method is practised in Paris, and since its introduction into 
this country, thousiinds of dollars have been piined by it. 

How lb \>rts3i Kid Gloves. — Have ready a little new milk in one 
saucer, and a piece of brown soap in another, and a clean cloth or 
towel folded till ee or four times. On the cloth, spread out the glove 
smooth and neat. Take a piece of flannel, dip it in the milk, then rub 
off a ^ood quantity of soap to the wetted flannel, and commence to rub 
the filove downwards towards the flnuers, holdinir it flrmly with the 
left hand. Continue this process until the ^love, if white, looks of a 
dintfy yellow, though clean; if colored, till it looks dark and spoiled. 
Lay it to dry ; and old gloves will soon look nearly new. They will be 
soft, glossy, smooth, well-shaped, and elastic. 

Kid Gloves, to Clean — Rub with very slightly damped bread crumbs. 
If not eflectual, scrape upon them dry fullers earth, or French chalk, 
when on the hands, and rub them quickly together in all directions. 
Do this several times Or put gloves of a light color on the hands, and 
wash the hands in a bnsin of spirits of hartshoin. Somegioves maj'be 
washed in a strong lather made of white soap and warm water, or 
milk; or wash witii rice pulp. Or sponge them well with turpentine. 

Why does a Head-Dress of Sky Itlue beeonie a Fair Person ?-— 
Bec!;use light blue is the complenientary cok»r of pale orange, which 
is the foundation of the blonde complexion and hair. 

>\hy are Ye low. Orange, or Ked Cohirs siiilable to a Person of 
Dark Hair and Complexion? — Because those colors, by contrast with 
the daik skin and hair, show to the greater advantage themselves, 
while they enrich the hue of black. 

Why is a Delicate Green favorable to Pale Blonde Complexions ? 
— Because it impaits a rosiness to such complexitms — red, its comple- 
mentary color, being reflected upon gieen. 

Why is Lignt Green unfavorable to Knddy Complexions ?— Be- 
cause it increases the redness, and has the eflect of producing au over- 
healed appearance. 

Why is Violet an unfavorable Color for every kin«1 of Complex- 
ion? — Because, leflecting yellow, they augment that lint when it is 
present in the skin or hair, change blue into green, and give to an olive 
complexion a jaundiced look. 

Why is Blue unsuitable to Brunettes % — Because it reflects orange, 
and adds to the darkness of the complexion. 

Why do Blue Veils preserve tiie Complexion % — Because they di- 
minish the eflVct of the scorching rays of light, just as the blue glass 
over photographic studios diminishes the eflect of certain rays that 
would injure the delicate pr<'Cesses of photouraphy. 

TO REMOVE A TIGHT KING.— Wiien a^-ing happens to get tightly 
fixed on a linger, take a piece of common twine, soap it thoroughly, 
and then wind it round the finger as tightlj'^ as possible. The twine 
should commence at the point of the finger, and be continued till the 
ring is leached; the end of the twine must then be forced through tlie 
ring. If the string is then unwound, the ring is almost sure to come 
ofi* the finger with it. 

Pf:ARL WATER, FOR THE FACE.— Put Y^ lb. of the best 
Windsor soap, scraped very fine, into a a gallon of boiling water. Stir 
it well for some time, and let it cool. Add a ]»int of rectitied spirit of 
wine, and ^ oz. of oil of rosemaiy. Stir well. The Italians call this 
compound tincture of pearls. It is a good cosmetic, and will remove 
freckles. 

PERFUME, AGAINST MOTHS.— One ounce each of cinnamon, 



514 Appendix to Barbers' and Toilet Department, 

cloves, mitmejjs, mrraway seeds, mace, camphor, and 2 ozs. of orris 
root. PlMce ill liti!e baas. 

Perfume for (itloves and Handkercliiefs. — Ambergris, 1 dr.; civet, 
1 dr ; oil of lavender, 3 drsj.; oil of bergamot, 3 drs. ; c.implior, J^ oz.; 
spirit of wine, X Pt. Cork and shake well for 10 days; filter, and 
bottle. 

TO REHOVE STAINS.— If you have been picking or handling 
an}'- acid fruit, and have stained your hands, wash tliem in clean water, 
wipetlieni lightly, and while they are yet moist, strike n match and 
shut your hands around it so as to catch the smoke, and the stains will 
disappear. If you have stained your muslin or gingham dress, or j^our 
white pants, with berries, before wetting them with anything else, 
pour boiling water through the stains and they will disappear. Before 
fruit-juice dries It can often be removed by cold water, nsinga sponge 
and towel if necessary. Rubbing the lingers wiih the inside of the 
parings of apples will remove most of the stain caused by paring. Ink, 
also, if w^ashed out or sopped u|) from the carpet with cold water im- 
mediately when it is s))ilied, can be almost entirely removed. Ink 
spots on tloors can be extracted by scouring with sand, wetted in oil of 
vitriol and water. When the ink is removed, rinse with strong pearl- 
ash water. 

ISKiN, TO CLEANSE FROM DARK J^POTS OR FLESH WORMS. 
— The best way is to squeeze them out; or wash the skin with milk 
and flour of sulphur well mixed. Apply elder-tlower ointment at 
night. An infusion of horse-radish in milk is very uselnl. 

Skin, Jo < li'ar a Tanned. — Wash with a solution of carbonate of 
soda and a little lemon juice; then with fuller's earth water, or the 
juice of unripe grapes. 

OIL, Tj MAKE THE HAIR CURL.— Olive oil, 1 lb.; oil of ori- 
ganum, 1 dr.; and oil of i-osemary, 13^ drs. J\iix. 

OFFi^NslYE KRtATH.— For this purpose, almost the only sub- 
stance that should be admitted at the toilet is the concentrated solution 
of chloride of soda; from 6 to 10 drops of it in a wine-glass of pure 
spring water, taken immediately after the opei-ations of the morning 
are completed. In some cases, the odor aiising from carious teeth is 
combined with that of the stomach. If the mouth is well rinsed with 
a tea-spoon of the solution of the chloride in a tumbler of water, the 
bad odor of the teeth will be I'einoved. 

Hi ealli Tainted l»y Onions. — Leaves of parsley, eaten with vine- 
gar, will prevent the disaureeable consequences of eating onions 

SUPERFLUOUS HAIR.— Any rem. dy is doubtful ; many of those 
commonly used are dangerous. The safest plan is as follows: The 
hairs shoidd be perseveringiy plueked up l\v the I'oots, and the skin, 
havinof been washed twice a day with warm soft water, without soap, 
should be treated with the following wash, commonly called "Milk of 
Roses" : Beat 4 ozs. of sweet almonds in a m(»rtar, and add % oz. of 
while sugar during tlie process; reduce the whole to a paste by pound- 
ing; then add, in small quaiuitics at a time, 8 ozs. of rose water. The 
emulsion thus formed should be strained through a tine cloth, and the 
residue again pounded, while the strained fluid should be bottled in a 
lai-ge stoppered vial. To the pasty mass in the mortar add ^^ oz. of 
suuar, and 8 ozs. of rose water, and strain again. This process mu^t 
be^epeated three times. To the 32 ozs. of fluid, add 20 grs. of the bi- 
chloride of mercury, dissolved in 2 ozs. of alcohol, and shake the mix- 
ture for five minutes. The fluid should be applied with a towel, imme- 
diately after washing, and the skin gently rubbed with a dry cloth till 



Appendix to Barbers' and Toilet Department, 515 

perfectly dry. Wilson, in his work on Healthy Skin, writes as follows : 
" Substances are sold by the perfumers called depilatories, which are 
represented as having the power of removing hair. But the hair is 
not destroyed by these means, the root and that part of the shaft im- 
planted within the skin still remain, and are ready to shoot up with 
increased vigor as soon as the depilatory is withdiawn. The etfect of 
the depilatoiy is the same, in this respect, as tint of a razor, and the 
latter is, unquestionably, the better remedy. It njust not, however, be 
imagined that depilatories are negative remedies, and that, if tht-y do 
no permanent good, they are, at least, harndess; that is not the fact; 
they are violent Irritants, and require to be used with tlie ntmost cau- 
tion. * * * * After all, the safest depilatory is a pair of tweezers, 
and patience " 

TO CLEAN HAIR-BRUSHES.— As hot water and soap very soon 
soften the hair, and rubbing completes its destruction, use soda, dis- 
solved in cold water, instead; soda having an athtnty for grease, it 
cleans the brush with little friction. Do not set them near tlie tire, 
nor in tie Sim, to dry, but after shaking them well, set them on tlie 
point of the handle in a shady place. 

A ROMiX LADY'S TOILET.— The toilet of a Roman lady in- 
volved an elaborate and very costly process. It commenced at nighr, 
when the face, supposed to liave been tarnished by exposure, was over- 
laid with a poultice composed of boiled or moistened flour, spread on 
with the Angers. Poppaean unguents sealed the lips, and the lady was 
profusely rubbed with Oei-ona ointment. In tiie morning, the poultice 
and unguents were washed ofl*, a bath of asses' milk imparted a deli- 
cate whiteness to the skin, and the pale face was freshened ami revived 
with enamel. The full eyelids, wha h the Roman lady still knows so 
well how to use, now suddenly raising them to reveal a glance of sur- 
prise or of melting tenderness, now letting them droop like a veil over 
the lustrous eyes — the full rounded eyelids were colored within, and a 
needle, dipped in jetty dye, gave length to the eyebrows. The fore- 
head was eucircie» by a wreath, or tillet, fastened in the luxuriant 
hair, which rose in front in a pyrami<lal pile, formed of successive 
ranges of curls, giving the appearance of more than ordinarj'' height. 

THE YOUNG LADY'S TOILET,— Self-Knowledge— The Enchanted 
Mirror. 

This curious glass will bring your faults to light, 
And make your virtues shine belli strong and bright. 

Contentment — Wash to smooth Wrinkles. 

A daily portion of this essence use, 

'Twill smooth the biovv, and trauquilily infuse. 

Truth — Fine Lip-Salve. 

Use daily for your lips this precious dye, 
They'll redden, and breatlie sweet melody. 

Prayer — Mixture, giving Swettness to the Voice. 

At morning, noon and night this mixture take, 
Your tones, improved, will richer music make. 

Compassion — Best Eye- Water. 

These drops will add great ! ustre to the eye ; 
When more you need, the pour will you supply. 

Wisdom — Solution to prevent Eruptions. 

It calms the temper, beautifies the face, 
And gives 10 woman digniiy and ^race. 

Attention and Obedience — Matchless Pair of Ear-'Bings. 



5i6 Appendix to Barbers' and Toilet Department. 

"With these clear drops appended to the ear, 
Attentive lessous you will gladly hear. 

Neatness and Industry — Indispensnhle Pair of Bracdeta. 

Clasp them on carefully each day you live, 
To good designs they efficacy give. 

Patience — An Elastic Girdle. 

The more you use the brighter It will grow, 
Though its least merit is external show. 

Principle — Ring of Tried Gold. 

Yield not this golden bracelet while you live, 
'Twill sin restrain, and peace of conscience give. 

Besijnation — Necklace of Purest Pearl. 

This ornament embellishes the fair, 
And teaches all the ills of life to near. 

Love — Diamond Breast-Pin. 

Adorn your bosom with this precious pin. 

It shiues without, and warms the heart within. 

Politeness — A Graceful Bandeau. 

The forehead neatly circled with this band, 
Will admiration and respect command. 

Pietij — A Precious Diadem. 

"Whoe'er this precious diadem sliall own. 
Secures herself an everiasting crown. 

Good Temper — Universal Beautifer. 

With this choice liquid gently touch the mouth. 
It spreads o'er all tlie face the charms of youth. 

THE HANDS. — Take a wine-glass of enu-de-Colosme, and another 
of lemon juico; then scrape two cakes of brown Windsor soap to a 
powder, and mix well in a mould. When hard, it will be an excellent 
soap for wliitening: the hands. 

TO WHITEN^THE NAILS-— Diluted sulphuric acid, 2 drs.; tinc- 
ture of myrrh, 1 dr.; spring water, 4 ozs. Mix. First cleanse with 
wliite soap, and then dip the finders into the mixture. A delicate hand 
is one ot the chief points of beauty ; and these a])plications are really 
effective. 

STAINS may be removed from the hands by washino^ them in a 
small quantity of oil ot vitriol and cold water, w thout soap. 

Ci»LD CREAM.— 1. Oil of almonds, 1 lb. ; wliite wax, 4 ozs. Melt 
together gently in an earthen vessel, and when nearly cold stir in 
gradually 12 ozs. of rose water. 2. White wax and spermaceti, of each 
3^ oz. ; oil of almonds, 4 ozs. ; orange-tiower water, 2 ozs. Mix as di- 
rected f )r TsTo. 1. 

TO SOFTEN THE SKIN AND IMPROYE THE COMPLEXION.— 
If flour of sulphur be mixed in a little milk, and after standing an 
hour or two, the milk (without disturbing the sulphur) be rubbed into 
th(! skin, it will keep it soft, and make the complexion clear. It is to 
be used before washing. A lady of our acquaintance, being exceed- 
ingly anxious about her complexion, adopted the above suggestion. In 
about a fortnight she wrote to us to say that the mixture became so 
disagreeable after it had been made a few days, that she could not use 
it. We shotdd liave wondered- it she could — the milk became putrid! 
A ittle of the mixture should have been prepared over night with 
evening milk, and used the next morning, but not afterwards. About^ 
a wine-Q-| iss mnde for each occasion would snfhee, 

EYEL 'SHKS.— The mode adopted by the beauties of the East to 
increase the length and strength of their eyelashes, is simply to clip 



Appendix to Ba?'ders' and Toilet Department, 517 

the pplit ends with a pair of scissors about once a month. Mothers 
peiform the operation on tiieir ciiildren, both mule and female, when 
they are mere infants, watcliins: the opportunity whilst they sleep. Tlie 
practice never fails to produce the desired effect. We recommend it to 
the attention of our fair readers, as a safe and innocent means of en- 
hancing the charms which so many of them, no doubt, already i)08sess. 

THE TEKTH.— Dissolve 3 ozs. of borax in 3 pts. of water; before 
quite cold, add thereto 1 tea-iipoon of tincture of myrrh, and 1 table- 
spoon of spirits of cam|)hor; bottle the mixture for use. One wine- 
glass of the solution, added to half a pint of tei)id water, is sufficient 
for each application This solution, applied daily, preserves and beau- 
titles the teeth, extirpates tartarous adhesion, produces a pearl-like 
whiteness, arrests decay, and induces a healthy action in the gums. 

WasH— For Siinlmrii. — Take 3 drs. of "borax, 1 dr. of Roman 
fllum, 1 dr. of camphor, 3^ oz. of sugar candy, and 1 lb. of ox-gall. 
Mix and stir well for tea minutes or so, and repeat this stiri-ing three 
or four times a day for a fortnight, till it ap])ears clear and transpar- 
ent. Strain throngh blotting-paper, and bottle up for use. 

Wash— For Cleansing and Preventing the Hair from Falling Off. 
— Take three handfuls of rosemary leaves, a small lump of common 
soda, and 13^ drs. of camphor. Put in a jug, with a quait of boiling 
water, and cover closely, to keep the steam in. Let it stand foi' twelve 
hours, then strain it, and add a wine-glass of rum. This will kt-ep 
good for six months, in bottles well corked, and a i)iece of camphor in 
each. If the hair falls off much, the wash ought to be applied to the 
roots, with a piece of sponge, every other daJ^ 

Wash— For a Blotched Face. — iiose-water, 3 ozs. ; sul hate of zinc, 
1 dr. ]\[ix. Wet the face with it, gently diy it, and then touch it over 
with cold cream, which also dry gently off 

Wash— For the Arm-Pits after Sweating.— One quart of spring 
water; tincture of myrrh, 1 oz. ; sulphate of zinc, 3^ oz. Mix, and 
sponge. 

WASHING, Made Easy. — One of the best bleaching and emoMent 
agents in washing either the person or clothing, is common refined 
borax. Dissolve in hot water, 3^ lb. to 10 gals ; a great saving in soap 
is effected by its use. The borax should be pulverized first. It may 
be procui-ed in the form of crystals at any di-nggist"s. It will not in- 
jure the most delicate fibric; and laces or other tine tissues may be 
washed iu a solution of borax with advantage to color, etc. 



BAKERS' AND COOKING DEPARTMENT. 



REMARKS. — It may not be considered out of place to make a few 
remarks here, on the art, as also on the principles, of cookery. For 
nearly all will acknowledge cookinof not only to be an art, bnt a 
science, as well. To know liow to cook eoononlically is an art. M ik- 
ins: money is an art. Now is there not more money made and lost in 
the kitchen than almost any wliere else ? Does not many a hardwork- 
inof man have his substance wasted in the kitchen ? Does not many a 
shiftless man have his substance saved in the kitchen ? A careless cook 
can waste as much as a man can earn, which miglit as well be saved. 
It is not what we earn, as much as what we save, that makes us well- 
off. A long and happy life is the reward of obedience to nature's laws; 
and to be independent of want, is not to want what we do not need. 
Prodigality and idleness constitute a crime against Immanity. But 
frugality and industry, combined with moral virtue and intelligence, 
will insuie individul happiness and nationjil prosperity. Economy is 
an institute of nature and enforced by Bible precept: *" Gather up the 
fragments, that nothing be lost." Saving is a more dilbcult art than 
earning, some people put dimes into their pies and puddings, where 
others put in cents; the cent dishes are the most healthy. 

Almost any woman can cook well, if she have plenty with which 
to do it; but the Ye:\\ science of cooking is to be able to cook a good 
meal, or dish, wMth but little out of which to make it. This is what our 
few recipes shall assist j^ou in doing. 

As to the principles of cooking, remember that water cannot be 
made more than boiling hot — no matter how much you hasten the tire, 
you cannot hasten theeooking, of meat, potatoes, etc., one moment; a 
brisk boil is sufficient. When me:it is to be l)oiled for eating, put it into 
boiling water at the beginning, by which its juices are i)reserved. But 
if you wish to extract these juices for soup or broth, cut the meat in 
small pieces, into cold water, and let it simmer slowly. 

The same principle holds good in baking, also. Make the oven 
the rio:ht heat, and give it timeto bake througn, is the true plan ; if you 
attempt to hurry it, you only burn, instead of cooking it done. 

If you attempt the boiling to liurry, 

The wood only is wasted ; 
But, in attempiing the baking to hurry. 

The food, as well, is'nt lit to be tasted. 

CAKES— Federal Cake.— Flour 2^^ lbs. ; pulverized white sugar,l^ 
lbs.; fresh butter, lOozs.; 5 egg-s well beaten; carbonate of ammonia, 
ig oz.; water, }4. Pt-« or milk is best if you have it. 

Grind down the ammonia, and rub it with the sugar. Eub the 
butter into the flour; now make a bowl of the flour, (unless j'ou wish 
to work it up in a di.<h,) and })ut in the eggs, milk, sugar, etc., and mix 
well, and roll out to about ;i quai-ter of an inch in thickness; then cut 
out with a round cutter, and place on tins so they touch each other; 



Bakers* and Cooking Department, 519 

and instead of rlsinp: up thicker, in bakin<T, tlmy fill up the space be- 
tvveen. and make a square-looking cikc. ail attached together. Wiiile 
they are yet vv.irni, di'eiich over with white coarsely pulverized sugar. 
If they are to be kept i:i a. sljow-case. b/ bikers you can liave a b!):ird 
as large as the tin on which you balce them, and 1 ly a dozen or more 
tinsful on top of each othin-, as you sprinkle on the sugar. I cannot 
see why they are called "-Federal," f>r really, they are good enouga for 
any" Whig." 

Ammonia should be kept in a wide-mouthed bottle, tightly corked, 
as it is a ver}' volatile s dt. It i> known bv various names, as " volatile 
salts." *' sal volatile," " htirtshorn " "hartshorn-shavings, etc., etc. It 
is used for smelling-bottles, fainting, as also in baking. 

2. Rongh-and-Ready Cake. — Butter or lard, 1 lb.; molasses, I 
qt.; soda, 1 oz. ; milk or writer. 3^ pt. ; ground ginger, 1 table-spoon; 
and a little oil of lemon; flour sulflcient. 

Mix up tlie ginger in flour, and rub the butter or lard in, also dis- 
solve the soda in the milk or water; put in the molasses, and use the 
flour in which the ginger and butter is rubbed up, and sutlicient more 
to make the dough of a proper c nisistence to roll out; cut the cakes out 
with a long ai)d narrovv cutter, and wet the top with a little molasses 
and water, to remove the flour from the cake; turn the top down into 
pulverized white sngir, ami place in an oven sutiieienily hot for bread, 
but keep them in only to bake, not to dry up. Thi>, and the " Fede- 
ral," are gr^ at favorites in Pennsylvania, where they know what is 
good, and have the means to make it; yet they are not expensive. 

3. Spoiigp! Cike, with Sour Milk. — Flour, 3 cups; flue white 
sugar, "2 cups; 6 eg'i:s; sourmiik, 1^ cup, with saleratus. 1 tea-^poon. 

Dissolve the saleratus in tiie milk; be it the eg*>"s separately; sift 
the lli>nr and sugar; first put the sugar into the milk and eg<:s, t'.ien 
the flour, and stir all well together, using any flavoring extract which 
you j)rel'er, 1 tea-s[)oon — lemon, however, is the most common. A3 
soo I as the flour is stirred in, put it iinmediatidy into a quick oven; 
and >f it is all put into a conunon squ ire bread-pan, for wiiich it mikes 
the right amount, it will require about twenty to thirty minutes to 
bake; if baked in small cakes, |)ropo'tionately less. 

4. SjjongP! ('ake, witli Sweet Milk. — As sour milk cannot always 
be had, I give yon a sp(vi<re cake witli sweet milk : 

Nice b!own sugar, l^^ cups; 3 eggs; sweet milk, 1 cup; flour, Vy^ 
cups; cream-of-tartar and soda, of each 1 tea-spoon; lemon essence, 1 
tea-.-p >on. 

'f horoughly be;it the sugnr and eggs together; mix the cream-of- 
taitar and soda in the milk, stirring in the flavor also; then mix in the 
flour, rein'Mnbering that all cakes ought to l)e baked soon after mik- 
ing. Tiiis is a very nice cake, notwithstanding what is said of '' Ber- 
wick," below. 

5. B 'J'witdi Spo^ige Cake, without Milk. — Six eggs; powdered 
white sugir, 3 cups; sifted flour, 4 even cups; ere im-of-tartar, 2 tea- 
spoons; cold watei", 1 cup; soda, 1 tea-spoon; one lemon. 

First, beat the eggs two minutes, anil put in the sugar and beat 
five minutes more; then stir in the cream-ot-tartar and two cups of the 
flour, and beat one minute; now dissolve the soda in the water and 
stir in, having grated the rind of the lemon, squeeze in half of the juice 
only; and finally add the other two cups of flour, and be it all one min- 
ute, and put into deep pans in a moderate oven. There is considerable 
be iting about this cake, but S^itaelf does not beat all the sponge cakes 
you ever beat, we will acknowledge it to be the heating cake, all 
around. 



520 Df* Chase's Recipes. 

6. Surprise Cake.— One eo:g; sugar, 1 cup; butter, i^ cup; 
sweet milk, 1 cup; soda, 1 tea spoon ; cream-of-tartar, 2 tea-si)oons. 

Flavor witli lemon, and use sufficient sifted flour to make the 
proper consistence, and you will really be surprised to see its bulk and 
beauty. 

7, Sngar Cake. — Take 7 eggs, and beat the whites and yolks 
separately; then beat well together; now put into them sifted white 
sugar, 1 lb ; with melted butter, 3^ lb., and a small tea-spoon of pul- 
verized carbonate of ammonia, 

Stir in just sufficient sifted flour to allow of its being rolled out and 
cut into cakes. 

§. Ginger Cake. — Molasses, 2 cups ; butter, or one-half lard if 
you choose, \)4. cups; sour milk, 2 cups ; ground ginger, 1 tea-spoon ; 
saleratus, 1 heaping tea-spoon. 

Mash the saleratus, then mix all these ingredients together in a 
suitable pan, and stir in flour as long as you can with a spoon; then 
take the hand and work in more, just so you caji roll them by using 
flour dusting pretty freely; roll out thin, cut and lay upon your but- 
tered or floured tins; then mix one spoon of molasses and two of water, 
and with a small brush or bit of cloth wet over the top of the cakes; 
this removes the dry flour, causes the cakes to take a nice brown, and 
kee|)S them moist; put into a quick oven, and ten minutes will bake 
them if the oven is sufficiently hot. Do not dry them all up, but take 
out a« soon as nicely browned. 

We have sold cakes out of the grocery for years, but never found 
any to give as good satisfaction as these, either at table or counter. 
Tliey keep moist and are sufficiently rich and light for all cake eatei'S. 

9. Tea or Cup Cake. — Four eggs; nice brown sugar, 2 cups; 
saleratus, 1 tea-spoon; sour milk, 3 cups; melted butter, or half lard, 
1 cup ; half a grated nutmeg; flour. 

Put the eggs and sugar into a suitable pan, and beat together; dis- 
solve the saleratus in the milk, and add to the eggs and sugar ; put in the 
butter and nutmeg also; stir all well ; then sift in flour sufficient to 
make the mass to such a consistence that it will not run fioin a spoon 
when lifted upon it. Any one preferring lemon can use that in place 
of nutmeg. Bake rather slowly. 

10. Cake, Nice, without Eggs or Milk.— A very nice cake is 
made as follows, and it will keep well also: 

Flour, 33^ lbs. ; sugar, 1^ lbs. ; butter, 1 lb. ; water, ^pt. having 
1 tea-spoon of saleratus dissolved in it. 
Roll thin, and bake on tin sheets. 

11. Molasses Cake. — Molasses, 13^ cups; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon; 
sour milk, 2 cups ; 2 eggs ; butter, lard, or pork gravy, what you would 
take up on a spoon ; if you use lard, add a little salt. 

Mix all by beating a minute or two with a spoon, dissolving the 
saleratus in the milk ; then stir in flour to give the consistence ol soft- 
cake, and put directly into a hot oven, being careful not to dry them up 
by over-baking, as it is a soft, moist cake that we are after. 

12. CiUer Ciike. — Flour, 6 cups; sugar, 3 cups; butter, 1 cup; 
4 eggs; cider, 1 cup; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon; 1 grated nutmeg. 

Beat the eggs, sugar, and butter together, and stir in the flour and 
nutmeg, dissolve the saleratus in the cider and stir into the mass and 
bake immediately in a quick oven. 

13. Ginger Snaps.— Butter, lard, and brown sugar, of each ^ 
lb.; molasses, 1 pt. ; ginger, 2 table-spoons ; flour, 1 qt. ; saleratus, 2 
tea-spoons ; sour milk, 1 cup. 



Bakers' and Cooking Department, 



521 



Melt the butter and lard, and whip in the sugar, molasses, and 
ginger; dissolve the saleratus in the milk, and put in ; then the flour, 
and, it needed, a little more flour, to enable you to roll out very thin ; 
cut into small cakes and b:ike in a slow oven until snappish. 

14. Jelly Cake.— Five eirgs; sugar, I cup; a little nutmeg; 
saleratus, 1 tea-spoon ; sour milk, 2 cups; flour. 

Beat the eggs, sugar, and nutmeg together; dissolve the saleratus 
in the milk, arid mix; then stir in flour to make only a thin batter, like 
pan cakes ; three or four spoons of the batter to a common round tin ; 
bake in a quick oven. Three or four of these thin cakes, with jelly be- 
tween, form one cake, the jelly being spread on while the cake is 
warm. 

15. Roll, Jelly Cake. — Wice brown sugar, 13^ cups ; 3 eggs ; 
sweet skim milk, 1 cup; flour, 2 cups, or a little more only ; cream-of- 
tartar and soda, of each 1 tea-spoon ; lemon essence, 1 tea-spoon. 

Thoroughly beat the eggs and sugar together; mix: the cream-of- 
tartar and soda with the milk, stirring in the flavor also; now mix in 
the flour, remembering to bake soon, spreading thin upon a long pan; 
and as soon as done spread jelly upon the top and roll up; slicing off 
only as used ; the jelly does not come in contact with the fingers, as in 
the last, or flut cakes. 

CAKE TABLE— FIFTEEX KINDS. 



Name of Cake. 



16. Pouud 



17. 

18. 
19. 
20. 



21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 

2R. 

27. 

28. 

29. 
30. 



Genuine "Whig. 

.Slirewsbury 

Trainiu}^ 

Nul-Cake 



Short- Cake..., 

Cymbals 

Burk Cake 

Jumbles 

Ginger-Bread 



Wonders. 
Cookies.. 



York Biscuit. 



Common 
Loaf 



s 

1 lb. 

2 « 

1 " 

3 " 

7 " 

5 " 

2 " 
5 " 
5 '' 

1 " 

2 •• 

3 '' 

3 " 

12 •' 
9qts 




s 


-4i 




1 lb. 

Sozs 
1 lb. 

M ♦' 
80ZS 

8 " 

8 " 

1 lb. 

'A " 

A " 

A " 
3 " 

3 '^ 


1 ib. 

80ZS 
Mlb. 

% " 
A " 
X " 

2 " 

A " 

A " 
% " 

3 '• 

4 " 


I pt. 


8 






Ipt. 


7 

8 

6 

9 

6 

3 

10 
3 


2 (Its. 
Igal. 


1 



Directions. 



Uose- water, tiiree 
s;iooMs; mace, clC 

Raise witii yea^t. 

Rose-water, etc. 

Uinnamou, nutmeg 

Cinnamon; wet it 
with, milk ; raise 
witli yeast, or wet 
and raise it with 
sour milk and sal- 
eratus. 

Rose- water and 
nutmeg. 

Rose-water and a 
iittle spice. 

Ro-e water ; raise 
witli yeast.. 

Roll out in loaf su- 
gar. 

Yolljs only ; ginger 
to suit. 

Cinnamon. 

Or without eggs; 
wet up; raise it 
witUsarralusand 
sour mill?. 

Wet up, and raise 
with sour milk 
and saleratus. 

Yeast; spice it to 
taste. 

Wine, 1 pt.; yeast, 
1 pt. 



31. Pork Cake, without Buttor, Milk, or Et^'-gs.— A most de- 
lightful cake is made by the use of pork, which saves the expense of 



522 Dr, Chase's Recipes. 

butter, eggs, and milk. It must be tnsted to be appreciated ; and an- 
ther advantage of it is that you cau make enough, some leisure day, to 
last the season tlirough ; for I have eaten it two months after it was 
baked still nice and moist. 

Fat, salt pork, entirely free of lean or rind, chopped so fine as to 
be almost like lard, 1 lb. ; pour boiling water upon it, 3^ pt. ; raisins, 
seeded and chopped, 1 lb. ; citron, shaved into shreds, ^ \b. ; sugar, 2 
cups; molasses, 1 cup; salcratus, I tea-spoon, rubbed tine and put into 
the molasses. Mix these all together, and stir in sifted flour to make 
the consistence of common cake mixtures; then stir in nutmeg and 
cloves Hncly ground, 1 oz. each ; cinnamon, also fine, 2 ozs, ; be gov- 
erned about the time of baking it by putting a sliver into it, — when 
nothing adhei'es, it is done. It should be baked slowly. 

You can substitute other trnit in i)lMce of the laisins, if desired, 
u.sing as much or as little as you i)lease. or none at all, and still have a 
nice cake. In this respect you may call it the accommodation cake, as 
it accommodates itself to the wishes or circumstances of its lovers. 

"When pork will do all we here claim for it, who will longer con- 
tend that it is not fit to eat ? Who ? 

32. Mixrbled Ctlke. — Those having any curiosity to gratify upon 
their own part, or on the part of friends, will he highly pleased with 
the contrast seen when they take a piece of a cake made in two parts, 
dark and light, as foMows: 

Light Part. — White sugai-, 1^^ cups; butter, 3^ cup; sweet milk, 
3^ cup; soda, 3^ tea-spoon; cream-of-tartar, 1 tea-spoon; whites of 4 
egg!^; flour, 2% cups; beat and mixed as ''Gold Cake" 

Dark Part. — Brown sugar, Icup; molasses, 3^ cup; buttei-, 3^ 
cup; sour milk, 3^ cup; soda, }.4, tea-spoon; cream-of-tartar, 1 tea- 
spoon ; flour, 23^ cups; yoiks of 4 e^g^-; cloves, allspice, cinnamon, and 
nutmeg, ground, of each 3^^ table-spoon ; beat and mixed as "Gold 
Cake." 

Directions, — When each part is ready, drop a spoon of daik. then 
a spoon of light, over the bottom of the dish in which it is to b(^ baked 
and so proceed to fill up the pan, dropping the light upon the dark as 
you continue with the difleient layeis. 

33. Silver Cake. — Whites of 1 doz. e^g<; flour, 5 cups; white 
sugar and butter, of each 1 cup ; cream or sweet milk, 1 cup; cream-of 
tartar, 1 tea-spoon ; soda, 3^ tea-spoon; beat and mix as the " GoW 
Cake." Bake in a deep i)an. 

34. (iJold Cake. — Yolks of 1 doz. eggs; flour, 5 cups; white 
sugar, 3 cups; butter. 1 cuj) ; ci-eam or sweet milk, 13^ cups; soda, 3^<^ 
tea-si)oon; cream-of-tartar, 1 tea-spoon. Bake in a deep loaf pan. 

Beat the eggs with the sugar, having the butter softened by thf" 
fire ; then stir it in ; ])ut the soda and cream-of-tailar into tiie cream or 
milk, stirring up and mixing all together; then sift and stir in the 
flour. 

The gold and silver cakes, dropped as directed, in the "Marble 
Cake," give you still another variety. 

35." Bride Cake. — Presuming that this woi-k may fall into the 
hands of some persons who may occasionallv have a wedding amongst 
them, it would be impertect without a "wedding cake," and as I have 
lately had an opportunity to test this one, upon "such au occas on." 
in my own family, I can bear testimony — so can the "printer," — 10 its 
adaptation for all similar displa5's. 

Take butter, 13^ lbs. ; sugar, 1^ lbs., half of which is to be Or- 
leans sugar; eggs, well beaten, 2 lbs.; raisins, 4 lbs., having the seeds 



Bakers^ a?id Cooking Department. 523 

taken out, and chopped; Eni^iish currants, having the *^*rit picked out, 
and nicely washetl, 5 lbs. ; citron., cut tine, 2 lbs.; sitted flour, 2 li)s. ; 
nutmegs, 2 in number, and mace, as nnich in bulk; alcohol, 1 gill to 
3^ pt., in which a dozen or 15 drops of oil ot lemon have been put. 

When ready to make your cake, weigh your butter and cut it in 
pieces, and put it where it will soften, but not melt. Next, stir the 
butter to a cream, and then add the sugar, and work till white. Next 
beat the yolks of the eggs, and put them to the sugar and butter. 
Meanwhile another person should beat the whites to a stiff froth, and 
put them in. Then add the spices and flour, and, last of all, the fruit, 
except the citron, which is to be put in about three layers, the bottom 
layer about one inch from the bottom, and the top one an inch fiom 
the top, and the other in the middle, smoothing the top of the cake by 
dipping a spoon or two of water upon it for that ])urpose. 

The pan in which it is baked should be about thirteen inches across 
the top, and five and a half or six inches deep, without scollops, and 
two three-quart pans also, which it will fill; and they will i-equire to 
be slowly baked about three to four hour.**. But it is impossible to give 
definite rules as to the time required in bakin<i' caUe. Try whether the 
cake is done, by piercing it with a broom splinter, and if nothing ad- 
heres, it is done. 

Butter the cake-pans well ; or if the pnns are lined with buttered 
white paper, the cake will be less liable to burn. Moving cakes while 
baking tends to make them heavj^ 

The price of a large " Bride Cake," like this, would be about 
twelve dollars, and the cost of making it would be about three dollars 
only, with your two small ones, which would co.st as much to buy 
them as it does to make the whole thiee. 

The foregoing was written and printed over a year ago. The 
daughter came home, and took dinner with us, one year from the mar- 
riage; and her mother set on some of the cake, as nice and moist as 
when baked. 

36. Fruit Cake. — As side .accompaniments to the "Bride Cai<e," 
you will require several "Fruit Cakes," which are to be made as lol- 
iows : 

Butter, sugar, English currants, eggs, and flour, of each, 5 lbs. 
Mix as in the "' Bride Cake." 

Bake in about six cakes, which would cost from one dollar and 
fifty cents to two dollars a-picce, if bought for the occasion. 

37. Frosting, or Icing, for Cakes. — The whites of 8 eggs, beat 
to a perfect froth and stifl'; pulverized white sugai-, 2 lbs.; starch, 1 
table-spoon; pulverized gum arable, 3^ oz ; tlie juice of 1 lemon. 

Sift the sugar, starch, and gum arable into the beaten a^g^ and 
stir well and long. When the cake is cold lay on a coat of the frost- 
ing. It is best not to take muc!i pains in i)utiing on the first coat, as 
little bits of the cake will mix up with it, and give the frostii^g a yel- 
low appearance; but on the next day, make niore frosting the same as 
the first, and apply a second coat, and it will be white, clear, and beau- 
tiful. And by dipping the knife into cold m ater as applying, you can 
smooth the frosting very nicely. 

38. Excellent Crackers. — Butter, 1 cup; salt, 1 tea-spoon; fiour, 
2 qts. 

Rub thoroughly together with the hand, and wet up with cold 
water; beat well, and beat in flour to make quite brittle and hard; then 
pinch oft" pieces and roll out each cracker by itself, if you wish them 
to resemble bakers' crackers. 



524 -^^. Chasers Recipes > 

59. Sugar Crackers.— Flour, 4 lbs.; loaf sugar and butter, of 
each, ^2 11^- • water, Ij^ pts. Make as above. 

40. Naples lilscuit.— 'White sii^rar, eggs, and flour, of each 1 lb. 
If properly pulverized, silted, beat, mixed, aiid bailed the size ot 

Boston crackers, you will say it is nice indeed. 

41. Buckwheat Mliort-Cake.— Take 8 or 4 tea-cups of nice sour 
milk, 1 tea-spoon of soda-saleratus dissolved in the milk; if the milk 
is very sour, you must use saleratus in proportion, witli a little salt; 
mix up a dough with buckwheat flour, thicker than you would n)ix the 
snme for griddle-cakes, say quite stifl"; put into a buttered tin, and put 
diri'ctly into tlie stove oven and bake about 30 minutes, or as you 
would a short-cake from common flour. 

It takes tiie place of the griddle-cake, also of tlie short-cake, in 
every sense of the word — nice with meat, butter, honey, molasses, etc. 
No sliortening is used, and no need of setting your dish of batter over 
night, for a drunken husband to set his foot in. Wet the top a little, 
and warm it up at next meal, if any is left — it is just as good as when 
first made, while griddle-cakes have to be thrown away. It is also very 
good cold. 

Was the beauty of this cake known to the majority of persons 
throughout the countiy generally, buckwheat would become as staple 
an article of commerce as the coiinnon wheat. Do not tail to give it a 
trial. Some persons, in tryins? it, h;ive not had good luck the first time; 
they have failed from the milk's being too sour for the amount of sal- 
eratus used, or from making the dough too thin. I think I can say we 
have made it hnndreds of tinn s with success, as I could eat it while dys- 
peptic, when I could eat no oiher warm bre:id. 

42. Yeast Cake. — Good lively yeast, 1 pt.; rye or wheat flour, 
to form a thick batter; salt, 1 te:i-spoon ; stir in, and set to rise; when 
risen, stir in Indian nieal, until it will roll out good. 

When again risen, roll out veiy thin ; cut them into cakes, and dry 
in the shade; if the weather is the least damj), by the fire or stove. If 
dried in the sun, they will ferment. 

To use : Dissolve one in a little warm water, and stir in a couple 
of table-spoons of flour; set near the fire, and when light, mix into the 
bread. If made perfectly dry, they will keep for six months. 

BREADS — Yaukee Brown Bread. — For each good-sized loaf being 
made, take 1}4 P^s. corn meal, and pour boiling water upon it, to seald 
it properly; let stand until only blood warm; then i)ut about 1 qt. of 
rye flour iipon the meal, and pour in a good bow I of emptyings, with 
a little saleratus dissolved in a gill of water, kneading in moie flour, 
to make of the consistence of common bread. If you raise it with 
yeast, put a little salt in the meal, but if you raise it with salt-risings, 
or emptyings, which I prefer, no more salt is needed. 

Form into loaves, and let them set an hour and a half, or until 
light — in a cool pla<e, in sununer, and on the hearth, or under the 
stove, in winter; then bake about two hours. Make the dough fully 
as stifl" as for wheat biead, or a little harder; for if made too soft, it 
does not rise good. The old st^de was to use only one-third rye flour, 
but it does not wear if made that way ; or, in other words, most per- 
sons get tired of it when mostly corn meal, but I never do when mostly 
rye flour. 

Let all persons bear in mind that bread should never be eaten the 
day on which it is baked, and positwlfi must this be observed by dys- 
peptics. Hotels never ought to be without this bread, nor families who 
care for health. 



Bakers' and Cooking Department. 525 

2. Graham Bread, — I find in Zion's Herald, of Boston, edited by- 
Rev. E. O. Haven, formerly a Professor in the University at tliis city, 
a few rein;irlv8 upon tlie "Ditferent Kinds of Bread," inclndiiitr Gra- 
ham, which so fully explain the philosophy and true i)riiiciples of 
bread-making, that I give them an insertion, for the benetit of bread- 
makers. It says : 

" Rice Hour added to wheat flour, enaMes it to take up an in- 
creased quantity of water." [See the "New French Method of Mak- 
ing Breail."] " Boiled and mashed potatoes mixed with the douiil), 
cause the bread to retain moisture, and prevent it from drying and 
crumbling. Rye makes a dark-colored bread; but it is capable of be- 
ing fermented and raised in the same manner as wheat. It retains its 
freshness and moisture longer than wheat. An admixture of rye flonr 
with that of wheat, decidedly improves the latter in this respect. In- 
dian corn bread is much used in this country. Mixed with wheat and 
rye, a dough is produced capable of fermentation, bnt pure maize meal 
cannot be fermented so as to form a light bread Its gluten lacks the 
tenacious quality necessary to produce the regular cell structure. It is 
most commonly used in the form of cakes, made to a certain degree 
light by eggs or sour milk, and saleratus, and is generally eaten warm. 
Indian corn is ground into meal of various degrees of coarseness, bnt 
is never made so tine as wheaten flour. Bread or cakes from maize 
re(inire a considerably longer time to be acted upon by iieat in tiie 
b diing process, than 'wheat or rye. If ground v/iieat be unbolted, that 
is, if its bran l)e not separated, wheat meal or Graham flour results, 
from whicJi Graham or dyspepsia bread is produced. It is made in 
the same general way as other wheaten bread, but requires a little pe- 
culiar management. Upon this point, Mr. Graham i-emarks : 

'The wheat meal, and especially if it is ground coarsely, swells 
considerably in the dough, and therefore the dough should not at first 
be made quite so stiff" as that made of superfine liour; and when it is 
raised, if it is found too soft to mould well, a little more meal may be 
added. It should be remarked that dough made of wheat meal will 
take on the acetous fermentation, or become sour sooner than that 
made of fine flour. It requires a hotter oven, and to be baked longer, 
but must not stand so long after being mixed, before baking, as that 
made from flour.' '' 

3. Brown Bread Biscuit. — Take corn meal, 2 qts. ; rye flour, 3 
pts. ; wheat flour, 1 pt. ; molasses, 1 table-spoon; yeast, 3 table-spoons, 
having soda, t tea-spoon, mixed with it. 

Knead over night, for breakfast. If persons will eat warm bread, 
this, or buckwheat short-cake, should be the only kinds eaten. 

4. Dyspeptics' Biscuit and Coffee. — Take Graham flour (wheat 
coarsely ground, without bolting,) 2 qts.; corn meal, sifted, 1 qt. ; but- 
ter, 3^ cup; molasses, 1 cup; sour milk, to wet it up, with saleratus, as 
for bfscuit. 

Roll out and cut with a tea-cup, and bake as other biscuit; and 
when cold they are just the thing for dyspeptics. And if the flour was 
sifted, none would refuse to eat them. 

For the Coffee. — Continue the baking of the above biscuit in a 
slow oven for six or seven hours, or until they are browned through 
like cofl*ee. 

Directions. — One buiscult boiled % of an hour will be plenty 
for 2 or 3 cups of coffee, and 2, for 6 persons. Serve with cream and 
sugar, as other coff"ee. 

Dyspeptics should chew very flne, and slowly, not drinking until 



526 Dr, Chase' s Recipes, 

the meal is over; then Pip the cofTee at their leisure, not more than one 
cup, however. This will bn found very nice for common nse, say with 
one-eighth coflee added. Hardly any would distinouish the ditference 
between it and that made from coffee alone. The plan of buying 
ground cottee is bad. Much of it is undoubtedly mixed with peas, 
which you can I'aise for less than tifteen or twenty cents a pound, and 
mix for yourself. 

5. London Baker's Superior Loaf Bread.— The Michigan Far- 
mer gives us the following — any one can see that it contains sound 
sense : 

'• To make a half-peck loaf, take ^ lb. of well boiled mealy pota- 
toes, mash them through a fine colander or coarse sieve ; add % pt. of 
yeast, or ^ oz. of German dried-yeast, and \% pts. of lukewarm 
water, (88 deg. Fahr.,) together with % lb. of flour, to render the mix- 
ture tlie consistence of thin batter. This mixture is to be set aside to 
ferment. If set in a warm place it will rise in less than 2 hours, when 
it resembles yeast, except in color. The sponge so made is then to be 
mixed wiih 1 pt. of water, nearly blood warm — viz., 92 deg. Fahr., — 
and poured into a half-peck of flour, which has previously had l^ozs. 
of s dt mixed into it. The whole should then be kneaded into dougli, 
and allowed to rise in a warm place for 2 hours, when it should be 
kneaded into loaves and baked." 

The object of adding tlie mashed potatoes is to increase the amount 
of fermentation in the sponge, which it does to a very remarkable de- 
gree, and consequently renders tlie bread lighter and better. The po- 
tatoes will also keep the bread moist. 

6. Old Bachelor's Bread, IMsciiit, or Pie-Crust. — Flour, 1 qt. ; 
cream-of-tartar, 2 tea-spoons; soda, % tea-spoon; sweet milk, to wet 
up the flour to the consisience of biscuit dough. 

Eub tiie flour and cream-of-tartar well together; dissolve the soda 
in the milk, wetting up the flour witli it, and bake immediatelij. If you 
have no milk, use water in its place, adding a spoon of lard to obtain 
the same richness. It does well for pie-crust, where you cannot keep 
up sour milk. 

7. New French Method of Making Bread.— Take rice, % lb. ; tie 
it up in a thick linen bag, giving ample room to swell ; boil it from 3 
to 4 hours, or until it becomes a perfect jiaste; mix this while warm 
with 7 lbs. of flour, adding the usual quantities of yeast and salt; allow 
the dough to work a proper time near the fire, then divide into loaves. 
Dust them in, and knead vigorously. 

This quantity of flour and rice makes about thirteen and one-half 
pounds of bread, which will keep moist much longer than without the 
rice. It was tested in the London Polytechnic Institute, after having 
been made public in France, with the above results. 

8. Baking Powders, for Biscuit, without Shortening. — Bi-car- 
bonate of soda, 4 ozs. ; cream-of-tartar, 8 ozs, ; and properly dry them, 
and thoroughly mix. Ii should be kept in well-corked bottles, to pre- 
vent dampness, which neutralizes the acid. 

Use about three tea-spoons to each quart of flour being baked; 
mix with milk, if you have it — if not, wet up with cold water, and put 
directly into the oven to bake. 

PIES. — Lemon Pie, Extra Nice. — One lemon ; water, 1 cup ; brown 
sugar, 1 cup; flour, 3 table-spoons; 5 eggs; white sugar, 2 table- 
spoons. 

Grate the rind from the lemon, squeeze out the juice, and chop 
up the balance very fine; put all together and add the water, brown 



Bakers' and Cooking Department, 527 

sno:ar, at.1 flour, working the mass into a smooth paste ; beat the eggs 
and mix with the paste, saving the whites of two of them; mai\e two 
pies, baking with no top crnst. While these are baking, beat the 
wliites of the two eggs, saved tor that purpose, to a stiff froth, and 
stir in tlie white sugar. When the pies are done, spread this frosting 
evenly over them, and set again in the oven and brown slightly. 

2. Pie-Crust Glaze. — In making any pie which has a juicy mix- 
ture, the juice soaks into the crust, making it soggy and unlit to eat. 
To prevent this : 

Beat an ^^% well, and with a brush, or bit of cloth, wet the crust 
of the pie Vvith tlie beaten ^^^^ just before you put in the pie mixture. 

For pies which have a top crust also, wet the top with the same 
before baking, which gives it a beautiful yellow brown. It gives 
beauty also to biscuit, ginger cakes, and is just the thing for rusk, by 
putting in a little sugar. 

3. Apple Pie which is Digestible. — Instead of mixing up your 
crust with water and laid, or butter, making it very rich, with shorten- 
ing, as customary for apple pies : 

Mix it up every way just as you would for biscuit, using sour milk 
and saleratus, \\\\\\ ^little lard or butter only; mix the dough quite 
stiff, roll out rather thin, lay it upon your tin, or plate; and having 
ri|e apples sliced or chopped nicely and laid on, rather thick, and 
sugar according to the acidity of the apples, then a top crust, and bake 
well, putting the ^^'^ upon the crusts, as mentioned iu the "Pie Crust 
Glaze,'' and you have got a pie that is lit to eat. 

But when you make the rich crust, and cook the apples and put 
them on, it soaks the crust, which does not bake, and no stomach can 
digest it, whilst our way gives you a nice light crust, and does not take 
half t!ie shortening of the other plan. Yet perhaps nothing is saved 
pecuniarily, as butter goes as iinely with the bi.«cuit-crust pies, when 
hot, as It does with biscuit; but the pie is digestible, and wh(Mi it is cold 
does not taste bad to cut it up on your plate, with plenty of sweetened 
cream. 

4. Apple Custard Pie— The Nicest Pie ever Eaten. — Peel sour 
apples and stew until soft and not much water left in them; then rub 
them through a colander — beat 3 eggs tor each pie to be baked; and 
put in at tlie rate of 1 cap of butter and 1 of sugar for 3 pies; season 
with nutmeg. 

My wife has more recently made them with only 1 q,^% to each 
pie, with only half of a cup of butter and sugar each, to 4 or 5 pies; 
but the amount of sugar must be governed somewhat by the acidity of 
the apples. 

Bake as pumpkin pies, which they resemble in appearance; and 
between thein and apple pies in taste; very nice indeed. We find 
them equally nice with dried apples, by making them a little more 
juicy. 

If a frosting was put upon them, as in the "Lemon Pie," then 
returned, for a few moments, to the oven, the appearance, at least, 
would be im[)roved. 

5. Apple Custard, Very Nice.— Take tart apples, that are quite 
juicy, and stevv and rub tliem, as in the recipe above, and to 1 pt. of 
the apple, beat 4 e^igs and \)\\l in. with 1 table-spoon of sugar, 1 of 
butter, and 3^ of a grated nutmeg. 

Bake as other custards. It is excellent, and makes a good substi- 
tute for butter, apple butter, etc. 

6. Paste for Tarts.— Loaf sugar, flour, and butter, equal weights 



528 Dr, Chase's Recipes, 

of each; mix thoroufrlily by beating with a rolling-pin, for half an 
hour; folding up and beating again and again. 

Wheii properly mixed, pinch oft' small i)ieces and roll out eich 
crust by itself, which caui^es them to disli so as to hold the tart mix- 
ture And if you will have a short pie-crust, this is the plan to 
make it. 

PUDDING— Biscuit Pudding, Without Re-Baking.— Take water- 
1 qt. ; sugar, 1^ lb. ; butter, the size of a hen's Q.^g\ flour, 4 table, 
spoons; nutmeg, grated, 3^ of one. 

Mix the flour with just sufficient cold water to rub up all the lumps 
while the balance of the Avater is heating, mix all and split the biscuit 
once or twice, and put into this gravy while it is hot, and keep hot until 
used at table. It uses up cold biscuit, and I prefer it to richer puddings. 
It is indeed worth a trial. This makes a nice dip gravy also for other 
puddings. 

2. Old English Christmas Plumb Puddings, — The Harrisburg 
Telegraph furnishes its readers with a recipe for the real " Old English 
Christmas Plumb Pudding." After having given this pudding a fair 
test, I am willing to endor.se every word of it; and wish for the holiday 
to come oftener than once a year: 

*' To make wliat is called a pound pudding; take of raisins well 
stoned but not chopped, currants thoroughl}' washed, 1 lb. each ; chop 
suet, 1 lb., verj^ ftnely, and mix with them; add J^ lb. of floiir or bread 
very finely crumbled; 3 ozs. of suger; IJ^ ozs. of grated lemon peel, a 
blade of mace, ^ of a small nutmeg, 1 tea-sj)0()n ot ginger; Y^ doz. of 
eggs, well beaten; work it well together, put it in a cloth, tie it firmly, 
allowing room to swell; put it into boiling water, and boil not less 
than two hours. It should not be suffered to stop boiling. 

The cloth, when about to be used, should be dipped into boiling 
water, squeezed dry, and floured; and when the pudding is done, have 
a ])an of cold water ready, and dip it in for a moment, as soon as it 
conies out of the pot, which prevents tlie pudding from sticking to the 
cloth. For a dip gravy for this or other puddings, see the '"Biscuit 
Pudding without Pe-Baking," or "S})i'eading Sauce for Pudding." 

3. Indian Pudding, To Bake. — Nice sweet milk, 1 qt. ; butter, 1 
07. ; 4 Qgg^^ well beaten ; Indian meal, 1 tea-cup ; raisins, ^ lb. ; sugar, 
^Ib. 

Scald the milk, and stir in the meal whilst boiling; then let it 
stand until only blood-warm, anil stir all well together, and bake about 
one and a halt hours. Eaten with sweetened cream, 01 eitherof the 
pudding sauces mentioned in the " Christmas Pudding.*' 

4. Indian Pudding, to B »il. — Indian meal, 1 qt., with little salt ; 
6 Qi^g^\ sour milk, 1 cup ; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon ; raisins, 1 lb. 

Scald the meal, having the salt in it; when cool stir in the beaten 
eggs; dissolve the saleratus in the milk and stir in also, then the 
raisins; English currants, di'ied cui-rants, or dried berries, of any kind, 
answer every purpose, and are, in fact, very nice in place of the raisins. 
Boil about one and a half hours. Eaten with sweetened cream or any 
of the i)udding sauces. Any pudding to be boiled must not be put into 
the water until it boils, and taken out as soon as done, or they become 
soggy and niitit to eat. 

5. Quick Indiaji Pudding.— Take ly^ cups of sour milk; 2 eggs, 
well beaten: 1 small tea-sjjoon of saleratus; dis^^solved in the milk; then 
siit in diy corn meal, and stir to the consistence of corn bread; then stir 
ini^ lb. of any of the fruits mentioned above; or,if you have no fruit, it 
is quite nice without. 



Bakers' and Cookmg Department. 529 

Tie up and boil one liour; sweetened cream witli a little nutmeg 
makes a nice sauce. As I have just eaten of this for my dinner, I 
throw it in extra, for it is worthy. 

6. Flour Pudding, to Boil. — When persons have plenty of dried 
apples or peaches, and not much of the smaller fruits ; or desire to 
chancre from them in puddings : 

Take wheat flour sufficient to make a good pan of biscuit, and mix 
it up as for biscuit, witli sour milk, saleratus, and a little butter or 
lard, roll out rather thicker than for pie-crust; now having your ap- 
ples or peaches nicely stewed wet the crust over with the "Pie Crust 
Glaze," then spread a layer of the fruit upon it, adding a little sugar, as 
it lies upon the table; and if you choose, scatter over them a handful 
of raisins, or any other of the dried fruits mentioned ; roll up the whole 
together, and boil 1 hour. 

Eaten with any sauce which you may prefer, but the corn meal 
puddings are much the most healthy, and I prefer their taste to those 
made from flour. 

7. Potato Pudding. — Rub through a colander G large or 12 mid- 
dle-sized potatoes; beat 4 eggs, mix with 1 pt. of good milk; stir in the 
potatoes, sugar and seasoning to taste; butter the dish; bake % an 
hour. 

This recipe is simple and economical, as it is made of what is 
wasted in many families, namely, cold potatoes; which may be kept 
up two or three days, until a sufficient quantity is collected. To be 
eaten with butter. 

§. Green Corn Pudding. — Green corn, raw, 2 doz. ears; sweet 
milk, 3 to 4 qts. ; 6 eggs ; sugar, 1 to 2 cups. Salt to suit the taste. 

Split the kernels lengthwise of the ear with a sharp knife; then 
with a case knife scrape the corn from the cob, which leaves the hulls 
on the cob ; mix it with the milk and other articles, and bake from two 
to three hours. To be eaten with butter and sugar. 

9. Steamed Pudding:. — Two eggs; sugar, 1 cup; sour milk, 1 cup; 
saleratiis, }/^ tea-spoon; a little salt; dried whortleberries, currants, 
raisins, or other fruit, 1 cup; flour. 

Beat the eggs and stir in the sugar; dissolve the saleratus in the 
milk, and mix in also the fruit and salt; then thicken with flour, 
rather thicker than for cake; put into a two-quart pan and set in a 
steamer, and steam an hour and a half; and I tiiink it will crack open 
on the back — if not, try again. It is worth the trouble, especially if 
you have plenty of sweetened cream. 

10. Spreading Sauce for Puddings.— Butter, 4 ozs.; sugar, 6 
ozs. ; 1 nutmeg. 

Grate the nutmeg, and rub all together; these are about the proper 
proportions, but more or less can be made, as desired, and more or less 
nutmeg can be used; or any other flavoring in their place. This sauce 
is nice on baked puddings, hot or cold ; and to tell it all, it is not bad on 
bread. See the *' Biscuit Pudding," for dip-sauces. 

DOMESTIC DISHES— Green Corn Omelet.— Green corn, boiled, 1 
doz. ears ; 5 eggs ; salt and pepper to suit the taste. 

Remove the corn from the cob, as mentioned in the " Green Corn 
Pudding." The splitting allows the escape of the pulp, whilst the hull 
is held by the cob ; season, form into small cakes, and fry to a nice 
brown, and you have a very nice omelet, 

2. APPLES— To Bake.— Steamboat Style — Better than Preserves. 
— Take moderately sour apples, when ripe ; and with a pocket-knife 
cut out the stem, and flower-end also, so as to remove the skin from 

23 



530 J^^' Chase" s Recipes. 

these cup-shaped cavities; wash them, and place them in a dripping- 
pan ; now fill these cavities with brown sugar, and pretty freely be- 
tween them also with sugar; then lay on a few lumps of butter over 
the sugar; place them, thus arranged, into the oven when you begin to 
heat up the stove for breakfast or dinner, and keep them in until per- 
fectly baked through and soft. 

Take them up on plates, while hot, by means of a spoon, and dip 
the gravy, arising from the apple-juice, sugar and butter, over them. 
Should any of them be left, after the meal is over, set them by until the 
next meal, when they may be placed in the stove oven until hot, and 
they will have all the beauty of the first baking. Or perhaps some per- 
sons may prefer them fried, as follows: 

3. Fried Apples — Extra Nice. — Take any nice sour cooking ap- 
ples, and, after wiping them, cut into slices about one-fourth of an 
inch thick ; have a frying-pan ready, in which there is a small amount 
of lard, say 3^ or ^ of an inch in depth. The lard must be hot before 
the slices of apples are put in. Let one side of them fry until brown ; 
then turn, and put a small quantity of sugar on the browned side of 
each slice. By the time the other side is browned, the sugar will be 
melted and spread over the whole surface. 

Serve them up hot, and you will have a dish good enough for kings 
and queens, or any poor man's breakfast, and I think that even the 
President would not refuse a few slices, if properly cooked. There is 
but little choice between frjing and baking by these plans ; either one 
is very nice. 

4. Apple Fritters. — Sour milk, 1 pt. ; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon, flour 
to make a Latter not very stitt"; 6 apples, pared and cored ; 3 eggs. 

Dissolve the saleratus in the milk; beat the eggs, and put in; then 
the flour to make soft batter ; chop the apples to about the size of small 
peas, and mix them well in the batter. Fry them in lard, as you would 
dough-nuts. Eaten with butter and sugar. 

5. Apple Merange— An Excellent Substitute for Pie or Pud- 
ding". — First, take a deep dish and put a bottom crust into it, as for a 
pie; have nice sour apples, pared, sliced, and stewed, sweetening 
slightly ; place a layer of the stewed apples upon the crust say about 
half an inch in thickness, then put on a layer of nice bread, spread with 
butter, as for eating, then another layer of the apple; now place in the 
oven and bake as a pudding, or pie; when done, have the whites of 
eggs beaten and mixed with a little loaf or other white sugar, say two 
eggs for a 2-qnart dish ; place this upon the merange and return it to 
the oven for a few minutes, to brown the ^gg mixture, or frosting. 
Serve with sugar dissolved in a little water, adding a little butter, with 
nutmeg, or lemon, as desired or preferred. 

6. Bread, to Fry — Better than Toast. — Take bread that is dry ; 
the dryer the better, so it is not mouldy ; first dip it rather quickly into 
cold \vater, then into eggs which are well beat, having a little s:;lt in 
them ; then immediately fry for a short time in hot lard until the sur- 
face is pretty yellow or light brown, according to the heat of the lard. 

I have never eaten bread cooked in any form which suits me as 
well as this. But the following is very nice: 

7. Toast— German Style.— Bakers' bread, 1 loaf, cut into slices of 
half an inch in thickness; milk, 1 qt. ; 3 eggs, and a little salt; beat 
the eggs and mix them with the milk, and flavor as for custard, not 
cooking it however. Dip the sliced breadjnto the mixture occasionally 
until it is all absorbed ; then fry the piece's upon a buttered griddle. 
Serve, for dinner, with sugar syrup, flavored with lemon. 



Bakers' and Cooking Department. 531 

This is the Germau style of makino: toast; but is quite good enough 
for an American. And I have no doubt that home-made bread will 
answer all purposes ; ours does, certainly. 

8. Back- woods Preserves. — Moderately boil a pint of molasses, 
from 5 to 20 minutes, according to its consistency ; then add 3 eggs, 
thoroughly beaten, hastily stirring tliem in, and continue to boil a few 
minutes longer ; tlien season with a nutmeg or lemon. 

Do not foil to give it a trial. 

9. French Honey. — White sugar, 1 lb. ; 6 eggs, leaving out the 
whites of 2 ; the juice of 3 or 4 lemons, and the grated rind of 2 ; and 
^ lb. of butter. Stir over a slow fire until it is about the consistency 
of honey. 

This and the last, will be found to be much nearer what they rep- 
resent, than the Yankee's " wooden nutmegs " did, upon trial. 

10. Maffins. — To each qt. of sweet milk add 2 eggs well beaten ; 
a lump of butter half the size of an q^%^ and flour enough to make a 
stiff batter. Stir in 3^ pt. of yeast ; let them stand until perfectly light, 
and then bake on a griddle, in tin rings, made for that purpose, 

These are merely strips of tin, three-quarters of an inch wide, made 
into rings from two and a half to three inches in diameter, without 
bottom — the ring being simply placed on a griddle, and the batter 
poured in to fill it. 

11. Mock Oysters. — Six, nice, plump, ears of sweet corn, un- 
cooked ; grate from the cob ; beat 1 ^gg^ stirring into it flour and milk, 
of each 1 table-spoon ; season with a little salt and pepper. Put about 
a tea-spoon of butter into a suitable pan for frjing, having mixed in 
the corn also, drop the mixture into the hot butter, one spoon of if in a 
place, turning them so as to fry brown. Serve hot, for breakfast. 

Whether they imitate oysters or not, no one need regret giving 
them a trial. 

12. Fruit Jams, Jellies, and Preserves. — The difiference between 
common preserves, jellies, and jams, is this: Preserves are made by 
taking fruit and sugar, pound for pound, and simply cooking them to- 
gether until the fruit is done. 

13. Jellies are made by squeezing and straining out the juice 
only, of the fruit; then taking a pound of sugar for a pound of juice, 
and cooking until it jells, which is told by taking out a little upon a 
cold plate. 

14. Jams are made by weighing the whole fruit, washing, slic- 
ing, and putting in sufiicient water to cook it well, then, when cool, 
rubbing it through a fine sieve, and with this pulp, putting in as much 
sugar astliere was of the fruit only, and cookingit very carefully, until 
the weight of the jam is the same as the fruit and added sugar; the 
water, you see, is all gone ; and this is easily told by having previously 
weighed the kettle in which you are cooking it. The jam, if nicely 
done, contains more of the fruit flavor than the jell, and is as valuable 
as the jell to put into water as a drink for invalids ; and better for 
flavoring syrups for soda fountains, etc. Strawberries, raspberries, 
blackberries, peaches, and pine-apples, make very nice jams for flavor- 
ing syrups. Much of the flavor of the fruit resides in the skin, pits, etc. 
And jams made in this way, from the blackberry, are good for sore 
mouth, diarrhea, dysentery, etc. 

15. Fruit Extracts* — Best alcohol, 1 pt. ; oil of lemon, 1 oz. ; peel 
of 2 lemons. 

Break the peels, and put in with the others for afewdaj's; then 
remove them, and you will have just what you desire, for a trifling cost, 



532 JDr. Chase's Recipes, 

compared with the twenty-five cent bottles, which are so prominently 
set out as the nicest thhig in the world. 

This rule holds good for all fruit oils; hut for fruits, such as peacnes, 
pine-apples, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, etc, you will take 
alcohol and water equal parts, and put upon them sufficient to hand- 
somely cover; and in a few days you have the flavor and juices of the 
fruit, upon the principle of making " Bounce," which most men know 
more or less about. If persons will act for themselves, using common 
sense, working from known facts like these, they will not need to run 
after every new-fangled thing which is seen blazing forth in almost 
every advertisement of the day. 

Vanilla, nutmeg, mnee, cinnamon, etc., are made by cutting up the 
vanilla bean, or bruising tlie nutmegs, cinnamon, etc., and putting about 
two ounces to each pint of pure spirits, or reduced alcohol, frequently 
shaking for about two weeks, and filtering or pouring ofi' very carefully; 
if for sale, however, they must be filtered ; for coloring any of the ex- 
tracts see the '* Essences," and "Syrnps." For cakes and pies, how- 
ever, it is just as well to pulverize nutmegs, mace, cinnamon, etc, and 
use the powder, for the quantity required is so small that it will never 
be seen in the cake or pie. 

MEDICATED WATERS— Rose Water.— Take carbonate of mag- 
nesia, y^ oz. ; oil of rose, 30 drops ; drop the oil upon the magnesia, and 
rub it together; then add, rubbing all the time, of distilled water, if 
you can get it, 1 qt., if not, take the purest snow or rain water, — a 
porcelain mortar is best, but a bowl does very well, — then filter through 
filtering paper. 

The magnesia breaks up the oil globules and enables the water to 
take it up ; and the filtering removes the magnesia. 

2. Cinnamon Water, — Use the same amount of magnesia and 
water, and treat the same as the " Rose Water." 

3. Peppermint, Spearmint and Pennyroyal Waters are made 
the same as above. 

4. Camphor Water. — To make camphor water, you must first 
put on a few drops of alcohol ; say 40 or 50 drops, to camphor gum, ^ 
oz. ; and rub the camphor fine, which enables you to work it up with 
magnesia, 3^ oz. ; then gradually add water, 1 qt., as mentioned in the 
waters above, and filtered. 

The rose and cinnamon waters are used for cooking, but the others 
for medical purposes. 



APPENDIX TO BAKERS' AND COOKING DEPARTMENT. 

BY THE PUBLISHER. 

Arrow-Root Jelly. — To a dessert-spoonful of the powder, add as 
much cold water as will make it into a paste, then pour ou half a pint 
of boiling water, stir it briskly and boil it a few minutes, when it will 
become a clear smooth jelly ; a little sugar and sherrj'^ wine may be add- 
ed for debilitated adults; but for infants, a drop or two of essence of 
carraway seeds or cinnamon is preferable, wine being v«^ry liable to be- 
come acid in the stomachs of infants, and to disorder the bowels. 
Fresh milk, either alone or diluted with water, may be substitued for 
the water. — Dr. Reece. 

Arrow-Root and Tapioca Gruels. — Make a thin paste as before, 
and put into boiling water, adding sugar, salt, nutmeg, and a little 
lemon-juice. 

Tapioca maybe soaked 10 hours in twice the quantity of water; 
then add milk and water. Boil till it is soft. Flavor the same as "Ar- 
row-root.'' — A. iV. 

Arrow-Root Blancmangre. — A teacup of arrow-root to a pint of 
milk ; boil the milk with twelve sweet and six bitter almonds, blanch- 
ed and beaten ; svveeten with loaf sugar, and strain it; break the ar- 
row-root with a little of the milk as smooth as possible; pour the boil- 
ing milk upon it by degrees, stir the while; put it back into the pan, 
and boil a few minutes, still stirring; dip the shape in cold water be- 
fore you put it in, and turn it out when cold. 

Apple Fritters. — Take 1 pt. of milk. 3 eggs, salt just to taste, and 
as much flour as will make a batter. Beat the yolks and white sepa- 
rately, add the yolks to the milk, stir in the whites with as much flour 
as will make a batter; have ready some tender apples, peel them, cut 
them in slices round the apple; take the core carefully out of the cen- 
tre of each slice, and to every spoonful of batter lay in a slice of apple, 
which must be cut very thin. Fry them in hot lard to a light brown on 
both sides. 

Apple Marmalade. — Scald apples till they will pulp from the core; 
then take an equal weight of sugar in large lumps, just dip them in 
water, and boil it till it can be well skimmed, and is a thick syrup, put 
to it the pulp, and simmer it on a quick fire a quarter of an hour. 
Grate a little lemon-peel before boiled, but if too much it will be 
bitter, — Ru. 

Apple Snowballs. — Swell rice in milk, and strain it off, and having 
pared and cored apples, put the rice round them, tying each up in a 
cloth. Put a bit of lemon-peel, a clove, or cinnamon in each and boil 
them well. 

Pounding Almonds.— They should be dried for a few days after 
being blanched. Set them in a warm place, strewn singly over a dish 
or tin. A little powdered lump sugar will assist the pounding. They 
may be first chopped small, and rolled with a rolling pin. Almond 
Paste may be made in the same manner. 



534 Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department 

Blanched Almonds.— Put them into cold water, and heat them 
slowly to scaldino^ ; then take them out and i)eel them quickly, 
throwing them into cold water as they are done. Dry them in a cloth 
before serving. 

Indian Bread by a Vermont Housekeeper.— I see In the last 
Tribune that some poor soul wants to know how to make "Indian 
bread.'' It is supposed by western people that all Yankee housekeepers 
know how to make Indian bread. It is not so, for it is seldom you see 
it on the tables of farmers or villagers. I will give my receipe for 
making it. For a good large loaf I take three pints of sifted Indian 
meal, three pints of r3^e meal, one teacup of good hop yeast, one teacup 
of molasses, mix very soft witli warm water, pour into the pan in 
which it is to be baked, let it stand an hour or two till light and bake 
with a steady fire tiiree hours. Unless one has good yeast there is no 
use in trying to make tlie bread. 

For making yeast, 1 take four large potatoes, pear and throw into 
cold water. Put a handful of hops in a bag with a quart of water, and 
while it is boiling, grate the potatoes, then add three tablespoons of 
sugar, two of salt and one of flour ; take out the bag of hops and pour 
the mass into the kettle and let it just come to a boil, stirring all the 
time. Remove from the fire and put into a pan or some vessel till 
cool, then add a pint or less of good sweet yeast, let it stand in a warm 
place, and in an hour or two it will be of a light foam, far superior I 
think to baker's yeast. Respectfully, 

MRS. WM. HALE. 

Essex Junction, Vermont, April 29. 

Lemon Buns. — Take flour, one pound ; bicarbonate of soda, three 
drs. ; muriatic acid, three drs. ; butter, four ozs. ; loaf sugar 4 ozs. ; 
one egg; essence of lemon, six or eight drops: make into twenty 
bu!i«, and bake in a quick oven for fifteen minutes. 

Bath Buns. — Take one lb. of flour, put it in a dish, and make a 
hole in the middle, and pour in a dessert spoon of good yeast; pour up- 
on the yeast half a cupful of warm milk, mix in one-third of the flour, 
and let it rise an hour. When it has risen, put in 6 ozs. of cold butter, 
4 eggs, and a few carraway seeds; mix all together with the rest of 
the flour. Put it in a wami place to rise. Flatten it with the hand 
on a paste-board. Sift 6 ozs. of loaf sugar, half the size of a pea; 
sprinkle the particles over the dough ; roll together, to mix the sugar ; 
let it rise, in a warm place about 20 minutes. Make into buns, and 
lay on buttei-ed tins ; put sugar and 9 or 10 comfits on the tops, sprin- 
kle them with water; bake in a pretty hot oven. — A. N. 

Beef Tea. — Cut a pound of fleshy beef in thin slices ; simmer with 
a quart of water twenty minutes, after it has once boiled, and been 
skimmed. Season, if approved. — Bu. 

Cream Cakes. — Beat the whites of 9 eggs to a stiff froth and keep 
it up; grate the rinds of two lemons to each white of ^^g. Sprinkle 
in a spoon of fine sugar, lay a wet sheet of paper on a tin, and drop it 
on in liutle lumps, a little distance from each other. Sift sugar over 
them. When put in the oven the froth will rise. As soon as coloured, 
they are baked ; take out, and put two bottoms together ; put on a 
sieve, and dry in a slow oven. 

Cream Cheese.-Put five quarts of the last milking of a cow, called 
^''Stripping s,'''' in a ])an with two spoons of rennet. When the curd comes 
strike it down with the skimmer to break it. Let it stand two hours ; 
spread a cheese cloth on a sieve and drain upon it; break the curd a 
little with vour hand ; put it into a vat with a 2 lb. weight upon it. 



Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department. 535 

After standing 12 hours, bind a fillet round. Turn every day till dry ; 
cover with green leaves, and let them gradually ripen on a pewter 
plate. 

Cream Cookies. — One teacup of cream, turned ; % lb. of sugar ; 
one or two eggs, a teaspoon of carbonate of soda, dissolved; sufficient 
flour to make into dough. And spices and seeds if you like. 

Cakes, Iceingr for. — Powder and sift 1 lb. of loaf sugar; put into 
a basin with the whites of three or four eggs ; beat well together, and 
add the juice of six lemons; beat well until it becomes very light and 
hangs in flakes from the spoon ; it is then ready for use. 

Cakes, Yorkshire.— Flour two pounds; mix with it four ounces of 
butter melted in a pint of good milk, three spoons of yeast, and two 
eggs ; beat all well together, and let it rise ; then knead aud make into 
cakes; let them rise on tins before you bake, in a slow oven. Another 
sort is made as above, leaving out the butter. The first is a shorter 
sort ; the last lighter. 

Ginger Cakes. — To two pounds of flour add three-quarters of a 
pound of good moist sugar, 1 oz. best Jamaica ginger well mixed in the 
flour; have ready three-quarters of a pound of lard, melted, and four 
eggs well beaten ; mix the lard and eggs together, and stir into the 
flour, which will form a paste ; roll out in thin cakes, and bake in a 
moderately heated oven. Lemon biscuits may be made in a similar 
way, by substituting essence of lemon for ginger. 

Sponge Cake. — A lady favours us with the following simple recipe, 
which, she says, gives less trouble than any other, and has never been 
known to fail : — Take five eggs, and half a pound of loaf sugar, sifted ; 
break the eggs upon the sugar, and beat all together with a steel fork 
for half an hour. Previously take the weight of two eggs and a half, 
in their shells, of flour. After you have beaten the eggs and sugar the 
time specified, grate in the rind of a lemon (the juice may be added at 
pleasure), stir in the flour, and immediately pour it in to a tin lined 
with buttered paper, and let it be instantly put into rather a cool 
oven. 

Sponge Cake. — Take equal weight of eggs and sugar; half their 
weight in sifted flour ; to twelve eggs add the grated rind of three 
lemops, and the juice of two. Beat tiie eggs carefully, the white and 
yolks sepai-ately, before the)'' are used. Stir the materials thoroughly 
together, and bake in a quick oven. 

Cake, Cocoa-Nut Sponge. — Grate a cocoa-nut, the outer part peel- 
ed off. A teaspoon of salt, and half a grated nutmeg. A pound of 
white sugar. Beat and strain the j'olks of six eggs; the whites cut to 
a stiff froth. One teaspoon of essence of lemon, flour, half pint. Mix 
the yolks, sugar, and other ingredients, except the whites and flour. 
Before putting it into the oven, add the whites, and flour gradually, 
and gently mix it. Put it on buttered paper on tins, in a quick oven. 
Cover with paper lest the top harden quick. — Qu. 

Cakes, Browning for.— ^ lb. moist sugar, 2 ozs. of butter; add a 
a little water. Simmer till brown, A little of this mixture will give a 
rich color to cakes. 

Pound Cake. — Take 1 lb. each of flour, sifted loaf sugar, and cur- 
rants; the rind of two lemons grated; mix all togetner by rubbing 
them between the hands; then put 1 lb. of butter into a wooden bowl; 
place it often before the fire, if the weather is cold; when the butter 
is soft, beat it up with the hand till it is like a cream; break 10 or 12 
eggs into a deep pan; whisk till quite frothy; put one-third of them to 
the butter; and beat up till well mixed; then put in half of what la 



53^ Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department 

left, and mix It till it sticks to the bowl; then put in the remainder, and 
mix it lip well ; when it sticks to the bowl, it is well mixed and lio^ht ; 
then put in the flour, etc., and mix well together. Have cake hoops, 
or molds papered, and put into the oven, the heat of which must be 
moderate. The rind of a lemon, shred very tine, may be added. 

Pound Cake, a Good One.— Beat a pound of butter to a cream, and 
mix with it the whites and yolks of ei^rht egf^s beaten apart. Have 
ready, warm by the tire, a pound of flour, and the same of sifted sugar, 
mix them, and a few cloves, a little nutmeg, and cinnamon, in tine 
powder together ; then by degrees work the ingredients into the but- 
ter and eggs. When well beaten, add a glass of wine and some carra- 
ways. It must be beaten a full hour. Butter a pan, and bake it a full 
hour in a quick oven. 

Raisin Cake. — One cup of flour, two cups of cream, one cup of 
butter, four eggs, 1 lb. of raisins, cloves, cinnamon, candied lemon, 
cut extremely fine, and one teaspoon of soda. 

Raisin Cake. — Take 1^ lb. of light dough, a tea-cup of sugar, one 
of butter, three eggs, a tea-spoon of carbonate of soda, 1 lb. of raisins, 
nutmeg or cinnamon to the taste; bake one hour. Let it rise before 
being baked. 

Raisin Loaf. — To 6 lbs. of flour, add 23^ lbs. of raisins, 3^ oz. of 
can away and a few coriander seeds ground, a little cinnamon or clove, 
pepper, and half a pint of barm mixed with cold water; cut the paste 
with a knife very well, to maKe the loaf appear to be fuller of raisins. 
For a rich loaf, add more fruit, and rub butter in the flour and sugar; 
bake it a fine brown on the top. 

Tea Cakes. — Rub fine 4 ozs. of butter into 8 ozs. of flour ; mix 8 
ozs. of currants, and six of fine sugar, two yolks and one white of ^%%^ 
and a spoonfid of brandy; roll what size you like; beat the other 
white of Q^'^X-, and wash over them. Dust sugar upon them, or not. 

Tea Cakes, Small. — Put a 3^ lb. of butter into 1 lb. of flour; mix 
3^ lb. sifted loaf sugar, and wet it with water; when made up, divide 
into two equal parts ; put 1 oz. of carraway seeds to one piece, to have 
two sorts. Rub the paste out very thin, and cut it out with a small 
round cutter; butter a baking sheet, and dust it with flour; lay the 
cakes on, and bake in a slow oven till of a light brown. 

Cak('S, Drop. — Mix flour 2 lbs. ; butter I lb. ; sugar 1 lb. ; currants 
1 lb. ; cleaii and dry ; then wet into a stitf paste, with two eggs, a large 
spoon each of orange-flower water, rose-water, sweet wine and brandy; 
drop on a tin-plate floured; a very short time bakes them. 

Cakes, Ginger. — As above ; but mixing with it half an ounce of 
ginger. 

Nice Plum Cake. — Tak 1 lb. of flour; bicarbonate of soda, 34 oz.; 
butter, 6 o/s. ; loaf sugar, 6 ozs.; currants, 6 ozs ; three eggs; milk, 
about 4 ozs. ; bake for one hour and a half in a tin or pan. 

Soila C.ike. — Take 3^ lb. of flour ; bicarbonate of soda, 2 drs. ; tar- 
taric acid, 2 drs. ; butter 4 ozs ; white sugar 2 ozs. ; currants, 4 ozs. ; 
two ^^^^ ; warm milk, half a tea-cup. 

Custard Pie. — Boil a quart of milk with the rind of a lemon. 
Strain it, and then boil. Mix a table-spoon of flour smoothly with two 
of milk, and stir it into the boiling milk. Boil a minute, constantly 
stirring; take otf, and when cool, add three beaten eggs ; sweeten to 
your taste ; bake in a quick oven. 

Custard, (Baked). — Boil in a pint of milk a few coriander seeds, 
a little cinnamon and lemon peel ; sweeten with 4 ozs. of loaf sugar, 
mix with it a pint of cold milk ; beat 8 eggs for ten minutes ; add the 



Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department. 537 

other ingredients; pour it from one pan into another six or eight times, 
strain through a sieve; let it stand ; skim the froth from the top, till it 
in earthen cups, and bake immediately in a hot oven ; give them a good 
color ; ten minutes will do them. 

Pickled Eg'gs. — If the following pickle were generally known it 
would be more generally used. We constantlj'^ keep it in our family, 
and find it an excellent pickle to be eaten with cold meat, etc. The 
eggs should be boiled hard (say ten minutes), and then divested of 
their shells; y^h.^Vi quite cold put them in jars, and pour over thera 
vinegar (sufficent to quite co?)er them), in which has been previously 
boiled the usual spices for pickling; tie the jar down tight with blad- 
der, and keep them till they begin to change color. 

Gingerbread Buttons, Snap. — Molasses, 3 lbs. ; sugar 1 lb.; ginger 
1^ oz. ; seeds, etc.; butter, 3^ lb. rubbed in 3 lbs. of flour; mix and 
drop them on tins. 

Gringerbread Buttons, Best. — Molasses, 7 lbs. warmed; sugar, 
oatmeal, 2 lbs. each; butter, 2 lbs. rubbed in 7 lbs. of flour; candied 
lemon peal, 1 oz. cut very thin; carraway, cinnamon, or clove, accor- 
ding to taste ; mix stift*, and bake in small balls on a tin in a slow 
oven. 

Gingerbread, Fine. — Flour, 2 lbs. ; sugar, 8 ozs. ; orange peel, or 
candied lemon, cut very thin, 8 ozs. ; ground ginger, 1 oz. ; carraway 
seeds, 1^ oz.; cloves, mace, allspice, according to taste ; mix with these, 
13^ lbs. of molasses, and 3^ lb. melted butter, and 2 drs. of carbonate 
of soda. Mix well and let it stand 2 or 3 hours. Use flour in rolling 
out. Cut into shapes. 

Gingerbread Nuts.— Molasses, 3 lbs. ; sugar, lib.; butter,! lb.; 
rubbed into 4 lbs. of flour; esence of lemon, 2 tea-spoons; ginger, 
seeds, etc., according to taste. Mix ; drop on buttered tins; bake in a 
slow oven. 

These may be varied by the addition of candied lemon, brandy, 
and a couple of eggs well beaten. 

Gingerbread, Superior. — Flour, 2 lbs. ; carbonate of magnesia, 
^ oz ; mix, and add molasses, 1 lb.; powdered sugar, y^ lb.; melted 
butter, 2 ozs. ; tartaric acid in solution, 2 drs. Make a stiff paste; 
add grated nutmeg and cinnamon, of each 2 drs.; grated nutmeg, V^ 
oz. Mix well. Let it stand 1 hour, and then bake slowly. 

Another Recipe. — Flour, 3 lbs.; sugar, 1 lb. ; butter, 1 lb. ; molas- 
ses, 13^ lb. ; ginger, 3^ oz.; cloves, ^ oz. ; and the peel of a good sized 
lemon ; form into cakes and bake. 

Gingerbread, Victoria. — Flour, 33^ lbs. ; fine sugar, 23^ lbs. ; hon- 
ey,13^ lb; 3^ lb. each of sweet almonds blanched, chopped small, and 
candied lemon or orange peel; the rinds of two lemons; cinnamon, 
1 oz.; nutmeg 3^ oz. ; powdered cloves, mace, and cardamoms accor- 
ding to taste, and 3 table-spoons of water. Melt the sugar, and honey 
in water over the fire. Mix well the other articles in the flour, and 
pour in the syrup from the fire. Mix well. Do not bake till the day 
after. Mix the white of an ^^^ and sugar, and brush it over the gin- 
gerbread. 

A Good Sort Witliout Butter.— Molasses, 2 lbs.; 4 ozs. of orange, 
lemon, citron, and candied ginger, all thinly sliced ; 1 oz. each corian- 
der seeds, carraways. and bruised ginger ; as much flour as will make 
a soft paste ; bake in a quick oven on tin i^lales. 

Ginget'bread, Wliite.— Flour, 6 lbs.; white sugar, 3 lbs.; rub 1 lb. 
of butter into the flour, and 3^ oz. carraway seeds ; mix well with 
milk. Make it light the same as Bath Cakes. 



53^ Appendix to Bakers* and Cooking Department, 

Ginger Cakes — Beat 3 eggs in 3^ pt. of cream; stir in a saucepan 
till warm; acid butter, 1 lb.; loaf sugar, 3^ lb.; ginger, 2^^ ozs. 
Stir these ingredients over the fire to melt and mix ; make into a good 
paste with 2 lbs. of flour ; roll out, cut into forms half an inch thick. 
Lay on papers, and bake in a hot oven. 

Sugar Gingerbread. — Butter, 12 ozs.; sugar, finely powdered, 8 
ozs. ; ground ginger, one table-spoon, and a little cinnamon, and nut- 
meg ; beat these up to a foam ; beat well 4 eggs, and mix them with 
tlie other. Add a cup of cream, a table-spoon of saleratus, or bicar- 
bonate of potass, dissolved in hot water. Stir in fine flour as long as 
it can be worked and knead thoroughly. Roll into thin cakes ; bake in 
a quick oven. 

To Make Gingerbread Cake. — Take Vy^ lb. of molasses ; V/^. oz. of 
ground ginger ; ^^ oz. of carraway seeds ; 2 ozs. of allspice ; 4 ozs. of 
orange peal, shred fine ; 3^ lb. of sweet butter ; 6 ozs. of blanched 
almonds ; 1 lb. of honey ; and V/^ ozs. of carbonate of soda ; with a» 
mucii line flour as makes a dough of moderate consistence. 

Directions for Making. — M;ike a pit in five pounds of flour ; 
then pour in the molasses, and all the other ingredients, creaming the 
butter ; then mix them all together into a dough ; work it well ; then 
put in three-quarters of an ounce of tartaric acid, and put the dough 
into a buttered pan, and bake for two hours in a cool oven. To knovyf 
when it is rendy, dip a fork into it, and if it comes sticky, put it in the 
oven ngnin, if not it is ready. 

Grahnni Bread, — Take 1 pt. common bread sponge; 1 pt. water; 
3^ tea-cup nice syruj*; 1 tea-spoon of soda; add graham flour to make 
nearly {IS stiff as can be stirred with a spoon; let stand till light and 
bake a little longer than wheat bread. 

Corn Bread. — Take 1 pt of corn meal, wet with cold water, pour 
on boiling water to make about as thick as mush, let stand on the 
stove until thoroughly scalded; then add 1 tea-cup sour milk ; 1 heap- 
ing tea-spoon of soda; 1 tea-cup molasses; 1 heaping tea-spoon of 
salt ; and equal parts of corn meal and flour to make nearly as stiff as 
can be stirred with a sjioon ; let stand 3^ hour in a warm place, then 
steam 2 hours, and bake 2 hours. 

Bed Currant Jelly. — With three parts of fine red currants mix 
one of white currants; put them into a clean preserving-pan, and stir 
them gently over a clear fire until the juice fiows from them freely; 
then turn them into a fine hair sieve, and let them drain well, but 
without pressure. Pass the juice through a folded muslin, or a jelly 
bag; weigh it, and then boil it fast for a quarter of an hour; and for 
each pound, 8 ozs. of sugar coarsely powdeied, stir this to it off the 
file until it is dissolved, give the jelly eight minutes more of quick 
boiling, and pour it out. It will be firm, and of excellent color and 
flavor. Be sure to clear off the scum as it rises, both before and after 
the sugar is put in, or the preserve will not be clear. Juice of red cur- 
rants, 3 lbs. ; juice of white currants, 1 lb. ; fifteen minutes. Sugar. 
2lbs. ; eight minutes. An excellent jell}'" may be made with equal 
parts of the juice of red and of white currants, and of raspberries, 
with the same proportion of sugar and degree of boiling as mentioned 
in the foregoing recipe. 

White Currant Jelly. — White currant jelly is made in the same 
way as red currant jelly, only it should have double refined sugar, and 
not be boiled above ten minutes. White currant jelly should be put 
through a lawn sieve. 

Another Recipe for White Currant Jelly.— After the fruit is 



Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department 539 

stripped from the stalks, put it into the pan, and when it boils, run it 
quickly through a sieve; take a pound of sugar to each pint of juice, 
and let it boil twenty minutes. 

An Excellent Jelly, (for the Sick-room).— Take rice, sago, pearl 
barley, hartshorn shavings, each 1 oz. ; simmer with 3 pts. of water to 
1, and strain it. When cold it will be a jelly, of which give, dissolved 
in wine, milk, or broth, in change with the other nourishment. 

True Lovers' £nots. — Roll out a piece of puff paste into a thin 
sheet, cut into pieces three or four Inches square, fold each corner over 
into tlie center, and cut a piece out from each side, leaving it in the 
form of a true lover's knot; put them on a tin, and bake them in a 
moderate oven ; when they are done, place some jam or preserve on 
each point, and some in the center. 

Lemon Puffs. — Beat and sift 1 lb. of refined sugar; put it into a 
bowl, with the juice of two lemons, and mix them togetlier; beat the 
white of an ^.g'g to a high froth; put it into the bowl; put in 3 eggs 
with two rinds of lemon grated ; mix it well up, and throw sugar on 
the buttered papers; drop on the puffs in small drops, and bake them 
in a moderately heated oven. 

Lemon Wliey. — Pour into boiling milk as much lemon juice as 
will make a small quantity quite clear; dilute with hot water to an 
agreeable sharp acid, and sweeten as you like. 

Oyster Pie. — The following directions may be safely relied upon. 
Take a large dish, butter it, and spread a rich paste over the sides and 
around the edge, but not at the bottom. The oysters should be fresh, 
and as large and fine as possible. Drain off part of the liquor from 
the oysters. Put them into a pan, and season them with pepper, salt, 
and spice. Stir them well with the seasoning. Have ready the yolks 
of eggs, chopped fine, and the grated bread. Pour the oysters (with 
as much of their liquor as you please) into the dish that has the paste 
in it. Strew over them the chopped '^gg and grated bread. Roll out 
the lid of the pie, and put it on, crimping the edges handsomely. Take 
a small sheet of paste, cut it into a square, and roll it up. Cut it with 
a sharp knife into the form of a double tulip. Make a slit in the cen- 
ter of the upper crust, and stick the tulip in it. Cut out eight large 
leaves of paste, and lay them on the lid. Bake the pie in a quick 
oven. 

Oyster Fritters. — Make a batter of flour, milk, and eggs; season 
a very little with nutmeg. Beard the oysters, and put as many as you 
think proper to each fritter. 

Potatoes, to Boil. — Boil in a saucepan without lid, with only suf- 
ficient water to cover them; more would spoil them, as the potatoes 
contain much water, and it requires to be expelled. When tbe water 
nearly boils, pour it off, and add cold water, with a good portion of 
salt. The cold water sends the heat from the surface to the centre of 
the potato, and makes it mealy. Boiling with a lid on, often produces 
cracking. 

New potatoes should be cooked soon after being dug ; wash well, 
and boil. 

The Irish, who boil potatoes to perfection, say they should always 
be boiled in their jackets; as peeling them for boiling is only offering 
a ]n-emium for water to run through the potato, and rendering it sad 
and unpalatable; they should be well washed and put into cold water. 

" Stop," says one, *' till I immortalize my dear old mother's recipe: 
"To dress a potato, wash it well, but let there be no scrapie fr. At the 
thickest end cut off a piece the size of a sixpence.*' This is the safety- 



540 Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department. 

«a?w by which the steam, generated in the potato, escapes; and such 
escape prevents cracking. Pour all the water off, and let the skins be 
thoroughl}' dry before peeling. 

To Boil Potatoes. — Put tliem into a saucepan with scarcely suffi- 
cient water to cover thein. Directly the skins begin to break, lift them 
from the fire, and as rapidly as possible pour ott" every drop of the wa- 
ter. Then place a coarse (we need not say clean) towel over them, 
and return them to the fire again until they are thoroughly done, and 
quite dry. A little salt, to flavor, should be added to the water before 
boiling. 

Potatoes Fried in Slices. — Peel large potatoes, slice them about a 
quarter of an inch thick, or cut them into shavings, as you would peel 
a lemon ; dry them well in a clean cloth, and fry them in lard or drip- 
ping. Take care that the fat and frying-pan are quite clean; put it on 
a quick fire, and as soon as the lard boils, and is still, put in the slices 
of potato, and keep moving them until they are crisp; take them up, 
and lay them to drain on a sieve. Send to table with a little salt 
sprinkled over them. 

Potato Yeast. — Boil, and skin, and mash mealy potatoes. Mix 
hot water to make them as thin as pudding batter. Add to each lb. of 
potatoes 2 ozs. of molasses. When just warm, stir in for every lb. of 
potatoes 2 table-spoons of yeast. Keep it warm till it has done fer- 
menting, and in a day it will be read}'' for use. 

A Black Man's Recipe to Dres« Rice. — Wash him well, much wash 
in cold water, the rice flour make him stick. Water boil all ready very 
fast. Throw him in, rice can't burn, water shake him too much. Boil 
quarter of an hour or little more; rub one rice in thumb and finger, 
if all rub away him quite done. Put rice in colander, hot water run 
away; pour cup of cold water on him, put back rice in saucepan, keep 
him covered near the fire, then rice all ready. Eat him up! 

Piid(ling:s— Cheap, Wholesome, and Palatable.— Bread Pudding:. 
— In a three-pint tin dish beat 3 eggs, add 3 table-spoons of sugar, a 
little nutmeg, then fill the dish to within an inch of the top with sweet 
milk, stir in ] pt. of finelj^ brokeii dry bread, and bake one liour. 

Rice Pudding'. — Wash and scald, but not boil, a tea-cup of rice, 
add 1 tea-cup of sugar, and 3 pts. of milk, and a little nutmeg, and 
bake slowly until rice is very soft. Raisins are an improvement, but 
do not spoil it with eggs, as most folks do. 

Cookies. — Two eggs, 1 tea-cup of sugar, % tea-cup of butter, % 
tea-spoon of soda, 1 table-spoon of water, caraway seed; bake quickly 
but lightl3\ These cookies will be as fresh and nice when six weeks 
old as when first baked. 

Elegant Bread Pudding. — Take light white bread, and cut it in 
thin slices. Put into a pudding shape a layer of any sort of preserve, 
then a slice of bread, and repeat until the mold is almost full. Pour 
over all 1 pt. of warm milk, in which 4 beaten eggs have been mixed; 
cover the mold with a piece of linen, place it in a saucepan with a 
little boiling water, let it boil twenty minutes, and £erve with pud- 
ding sauce. 

Batter Pudding.— Take of flour, 4 ozs. ; bi-carbonate of soda, 2 
drs.; a little sugar, and 1 q<^^. Mix with milk to a thin batter, and 
bake in a well-buttered tin, in a bi'isk oven, half an hour. A few cur- 
rants may be strewed in the bottom of the tin, if preferred. 

Taffy.— Butter, 2}^ ozs. ; sugar, lib.; melt and stir over the fire 
till it conies to tho crackled degree. The addition of a little lemon 
juice greatlv improves it. Some add ginger. A nice talfy may be 



Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department. 541 

mnde as above, not boiled so much, by the addition of well stramed 
jelly, as apricot, cuirant, raspberry, strawberry, etc. 

Everton 'Taffy requires more butter. Some mix with the above 
taffy blanched almonds. 

Taffy .—To 1 lb. of raw sugar add 2 ozs. of butter. When boiled 
to the crackled degree, grain it, and pour it out in square tins, either 
oiled or buttered. 

Economy of Tea.— A given quantity of tea is similar to malt — 
only imparting strength to a given quantity of water; therefore any 
additional quantity is waste. Two small tea-spoons of good black tea, 
and one three parts full of green, are sufficient to make three tea-cups 
agreeable, the water being put in. in a boiling state, at once; a second 
addition of water gives a vapid riavor to tea. 

In preparing tea, a good economist will be careful to have the best 
water, that is, the softest and least impregnated with foreign mixture; 
for if tea be infused in hard and in soft water, the latter will always 
yield the greatest quantity of the tannin matter, and will strike the 
deepest black with sulphate of iron in solution. 

Tea-Making. — Dr. Kitchiner recommends that all the water neces- 
sary should be poured in at once, as the second drawing is bad. When 
much tea is wanted, it is better to have two tea-pots instead of two 
drawings. 

Another Method. — The water should be fresh boiled (not exhausted 
by long boiling). Scald the tea-pot and empty it; then put in as much 
water as necessary for the first cups; put the tea on it as in brewing, 
and close the lid as quickly as possible. Let it stand three minutes 
and a half, or, if the quantity be large, four minutes, then fill the cups. 
This is greatly superior to the ordinary method, the aioma being pre- 
served instead of escaping with the steam, as it does when the water 
is poured on the tea. 

Substitute for Cream in Tea or Coffee.— Beat the white- of an egg 
to a froth, put to it a very small lump of butter, and mix well. Then 
stir it in gradually, so that it may not curdle. If perfectly mixed, it 
will be an excellent substitute for cream. 

In making coftee, observe that the broader the bottom and the 
smaller the top of the vessel, the better the cott'ee will be. 

Turkish Mode of Making Coffee.— The Turkish way of making 
coffee produces a very difi'erent result from that to which we are accus- 
tomed. A small conical saucepan, with a long handle, and calculated 
to hold about two table-spoons of water, is the vessel used. The fresh 
roasted berry is pounded, not ground, and about a dessert-spoon is put 
into the minute boiler; it is then nearly filled with water, and thrust 
among the embers. A few seconds suffice to make it boil, and the de- 
coction, grounds and all, is poured out into a small cup, which fits into 
a brass socket, much like the cup of an acorn, and holding the china 
cup as that does the acorn itself. The Turks seem to drink this decoc- 
tion boiling, and swallow the grounds with the liquid. We allow it to 
remain a minute, in order to leave the sediment at the bottom. It is 
always taken plain; sugar or cream would be thought to spoil it; and 
Europeans, after a little practice— (longer, however, than we had) — are 
said to prefer it to the clear infutiion drank in France. In every hut 
these cotlee boilers may be seen suspended, and the means for pound- 
ing the roasted berry are always ready at hand. 



HINTS ON HOUSEKEEPING, 
BY THE PUBLISHER. 

A Hint on Household Management. — Have you ever observed 
what a dislike servants have to anything cheap? They hate saving 
their master's money. I tried this experiment with great success the 
other daj\ Findino^ we consumed a vast deal of soap, I sat down in 
my thinking chair, and took the soap question into consideration, and 
I found reason to suspect we were using a very expensive article, where 
a much cheaper one would serve the purpose better. I ordered half a 
dozen pounds of both sorts, but took the precaution of changing the 
papers on which the prices were marked before giving them into the 
hands of Betty. *' Well, Betty, which soap do you find washes best?"" 
"Oh, please sir, the dearest, in the blue paper; it makes a lather as 
well again as the other." " Well, Betty, you shall always have it, 
then;"" and thus the unsuspecting Betty saved me some pounds a year, 
and washed the clothes better. — Rev. Sidney Smith. 

Domestic Rules. — Mrs. Hamilton, in her *' Cottagers of Glenbur- 
nie," gives three simple rules for the regulation of domestic affairs, 
which deserve to be remembered, and which would, if carried into 
practice, be the means of saving time, labor, and patience, and of 
making every house a "well-ordered" one. They are as follows: — 
1. Do everything in its proper time. 2. Keep everything to its proper 
use. 3. Put everything in its proper place. 

An ever-dirty hearth, and a grate always choked with cinders and 
ashes, are infallible evidences of bad housekeeping. 

Economy. — If you have a strip of land, do not throw away soap- 
suds. Both ashes and soap-suds are good manure for bushes and young 
plants. 

Woolen cloths should be washed in very hot suds, and not rinsed. 
Lukewarm water shrinks them. 

Do not let coffee and tea stand in tin. 

Scald your wooden-ware often, and keep your tin-ware dry. 

Preserve the backs of old letters to write upon. 

If you have children who are learning to write, buy coarse white 
paper by the quantity, and keep it locked up, ready to be made into 
writing-books. This does not cost half so much as it does to buy them 
at the stationer's. 

See that nothing is thrown away which might have served to nour- 
ish your own family or a poorer one. 

As far as possible, have pieces of bread eaten up before they be- 
come hard; spread those that are not eaten, and let them dry, to be 
pounded for puddings, or soaked for brewis. 

Brewis is made of crusts and dry i)ieces of bread, soaked a good 
while in hot milk, maslied np, and eaten with salt. Above all, do not 
let crusts accumnlate in such quantities thatthej^ cannot be used. With 
proper care, there is no need of losing a particle of bread. 

All the mending in the house should be done once a week, if pos- 
sible. 



Hints on Housekeeping. 54^ 

Never put out sewing. If it be not possible to do it in your own 
family, hire some one into the house, and work with them. 

A warming-pan full of coals, or a shovel of coals, held over var- 
nished furniture, will take out white spots. Care should be taken not 
to hold the clothes near enough to scorch; and the place should be 
rubbed with a flannel while warm. 

Sal-volatile or hartshorn will restore colors taken out by acid. It 
may be dropped upon any garment without doing harm. 

New iron should be very gradually heated at first. After it has 
become inured to the heat, it is not so likely to crack. 

Clean a brass kettle, before using it for cooking, with salt and 
vinegar. 

The oftener carpets are shaken, the longer they wear; the dirt that 
collects under them grinds out the thi-eads. 

Linen rags should be carefully saved, for they are extremely use- 
ful in sickness. If they have become dirty and worn by cleaning sil- 
ver, etc., wash them and scrape them into lint. 

If you are troubled to get soft water for washing, fill a tub or 
barrel half full of wood ashes, and fill it up with water, so that you 
may have lye whenever you want it. A gallon of strong lye, put into 
a great kettle of hard water, will make it as soft as rain water. Some 
people use pearl-ash, or potash ; but this costs something, and is very 
apt to injure the texture of the cloth. 

Do not let knives be dropped into hot dish-water. It is a good 
plan to have a large tin pot to wash them in, just high enough to wash 
the blades without wetting the handles. 

It is better to accomplish perfectly a very small amount of work, 
than to half do ten times as much. 

Charcoal powder will be found a very good thing to give knives a 
first-rate polish. 

A bonnet and trimmings may be worn a much longer time, if the 
dust be brushed well off after walking. 

Much knowledge may be obtained by the good housewife observ- 
ing how things are manaiied in well-regulated families. 

Apples intended for dumplings should not have the core taken out 
of them, as the pips impart a delicious flavor to the dumpling. 

A rice pudding is most excellent without either eggs or sugar, if 
baked gently; it keeps better without eggs. 

"Willful waste makes woful want." Do not cook a fresh joint 
whilst any of the last remains uneaten — hash it up, and with gravy 
and a little management, eke out another day's dinner. 

The shanks of mutton make a good stock for nearly any kind of 
gravy, and they are very cheap— a dozen may be had for a penny, 
enough to mnke a quart of delicious soup. 

Thick curtains, closely drawn around the bed, are very injurious, 
because they not only confine the effluvia thrown off from our bodies 
whilst in bed, but interrupt the current of pure air. 

Regulaiity in the payment of accounts is essential to housekeep- 
ing. All tradesmen's bills should be paid weekly, for then any errors 
can be detected whilst the transactions are fresh in the memory. 

Allowing children to talk incessantly is a mistake. We do not 
mean to sny that they should be restricted from talking in proper sea- 
sons, but they should be taught to know when it is proper for them to 
cease. 

Blackingr for Leather Seats, etc. — Beat well the yolks of two 
eggs and the white of one ; mix a table-spoon of gin and a tea-spoon 



544 Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department, 

of sugar, thi'^ken it with ivory black, add it to the eggs, and use ag 
common blacking; the seats or cushions being left a day or two to 
harden. This is good for dress boots and shoes. 

Black Reviver for Black Cloth. — Bruised galls, 1 lb.; logwood, 2 
lbs. ; green vitriol, y^ lb. ; water, 5 qts. Boil for two hours, and strain. 
iJsed to restore the color of black cloth. 

A Green Paint for Garden Stands, etc., may be obtained by mix- 
ing a quantity of mineral green and white lead, ground in turpentine, 
with a small portion of turpentine varnish, for the first coat; for the 
second, put as much varnish in the color as will produce a good gloss. 

Hints for Home Comfort. — Eat slowly and you will not over-eat. 

Keeping the feet warm will prevent headaches. 

Late at breakfast — hurried for dinner — cross at tea. 

A short needle makes the most expedition in plain sewing. 

Between husband and wife little attentions beget much love. 

Always lay your table neatly, whether you have company or not. 

Put your bails or reels of cotton into little bags, leaving the ends 
out. 

Whatever you may choose to give away, always be sure to Tceep 
your temper. 

Dirty windows speak to the passer-by of the negligence of the in- 
mates. 

In cold weather a leg of mutton improves by being hung three, 
four, or five weeks. 

When meat is hanging, change its position frequently, to equally 
distribute the juices. 

There is much more injury done by admitting visitors to invalids 
than is generally supposed. 

Matches, out of the reach of children, should be kept in every 
bedroom. They are cheap enough. 

Apple and suet dumplings are lighter when boiled in a net than a 
cloth. Scum the pot well. 

When chamber towels get thin in the middle, cut them in two, sew 
the salvages together, and hem the sides. 

When you are particular in wishing to have precisely what you 
want from a butcher's, go and purchase it yourself. 

One llannel petticoat will wear nearly as long as two, if turned 
behind part before, when the front begins to wear thin. 

People in general are not aware how very essential to the health 
of the inmates is the free admission of light into their houses. 

When you dry salt for the table, do not place it in the salt-cells 
until it is cold, otherwise it will harden into a lump. 

Never put away plate, knives and forks, etc., uncleaned, or great 
inconvenience will arise when the articles are wanted. 

Feather beds should be opened every third year, the ticking well 
dusted, soaped, and waxed, the feathers dressed and returned. 

Persons of defective sight, when threading a needle, should hold 
it over something white, by which the sight will be assisted. 

In mending sheets and shirts, put the pieces sufficiently large, or 
in the first washing the thin parts give way, and the work is all un- 
done. 

Reading by candle-light, place the candle behind you, that the 
rays may pass over your shoulder on to the book. This will relieve 
the eyes. 

A wire fire-guard, for each fire-place in a house, costs little, and 
greatly diminishes the risk to life and property. Fix them before 
going to bed. 



Hints on Housekeeping. 545 

In winter, get the work forward by daylight, to prevent running 
about at night with candles. Thus you escape grease spots, and risks 
of lire. 

Be at much pains to keep your children's feet dry and warm. Don't 
bury their bodies in heavy flannels and wools, and leave their knees 
and legs naked. 

Apples and pears, cut into quarters and stripped of the rind, baked 
with a little water and sugar, and eaten with boiled rice, are capital 
food for children. 

A leather strap, with a buckle to fasten, is much more commodious 
than a cord for a box in general use for short distances; cording and 
uncording is a tedious job. 

After washing, overlook linen, and stitch on buttons, hooks and 
eyes, etc.; for this purpose keep a "housewife's friend," full of mis- 
cellaneous threads, cottons, buttons, hooks, etc. 

For ventilation open your windows both at top and bottom. The 
fresh air rushes in one way, while the foul makes its exit the other. 
This is letting in your friend and expelling your enemy. 

There is not any real economy in purchasing cheap calico for gen- 
tlemen's night-shirts. Cheap calico soon wears into holes, and becomes 
discolored in washing. 

Sitting to sew by candle-light at a table with a dark cloth on it, is 
injurious to the eyesight. When no other remedy presents itself, put 
a sheet of white paper before you. 

Persons very commonly complain of indigestion; how can it be 
wondered at, when they seem, by their habit of swallowing their food 
wholesale, to forget for what purpose they are provided with teeth? 

Never allow your servants to put wiped knives on your table, for, 
generally speaking, you may see that they have been wiped with a 
dirty cloth. If a knife is brightly cleaned, they are compelled to use a 
clean cloth. 

There is not anything gained in economy by having very young 
and inexperienced servants at low wages; they break, waste, and de- 
stroy more than an equivalent for higher wages, setting aside comfort 
and i-espectability. 

No article in dress tarnishes so readily as black crape trimmings, 
and few things injure it more than damp; therefore, to preserve its 
beauty on bonnets, a lady in nice mourning should, in her evening 
walks, at all seasons of the year, take as her companion an old parasol 
to shade her crape. 

If your flat-irons are rough and smoky, lay a little fine salt on a 
flat surface and rub them well ; it will prevent them from sticking to 
anything starched, and make them smooth. 

Rub your griddle with fine salt before you grease it, and your cake 
will not stick. 

When walnuts have been kept until the meat is too much dried to 
be good, let them stand in milk and water eight hours, dry them, and 
they will be as fresh as when uevv. 

It is a good plan to keep your different kinds of pieces, tape, 
thread, etc., in separate bags, and there is no time lost in looking for 
them. 

Oat straw is best for filling beds, and it is well to change it as often 
as once a year. 

Cedar chests are best to keep flannels, for cloth moths are never 
found in them. Red cedar chips are good to keep in drawers, ward- 
robes, closets, trunks, etc., to keep out moths. 



546 Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department. 

When cloths have acquired an unpleasant odor by being from the 
air, charcoal laid in the folds will soon remove it. 

If black dresses have been stained, boil a handful of fig leaves in 
a quart of water, and reduce it to a pint. A sponge dipped in the 
liquid and rubbed upon them, will entirely remove stains from crapes, 
bombazines, etc. 

In layinw- up furs for summer, lay a tallow candle in or near them, 
and danger from worms will be obviated. 

To prevent metals from rusting, melt together three parts of lard 
and one of resin, and apply a very thin coating. It will preserve Rus- 
sia iron stoves and grates from rusting duriug summer, even in damp 
situations. The effect is equally good on brass, copper, steel, etc. The 
same compound forms an excellent water-proof paste for leather. 
Boots, when treated with it, will soon after take the usual polish, 
when blacked, and the soles mny be saturated with it. 

Starching". — Take two ounces of line white gum arable, put it in 
a pitcher, and pour on it one pint of boiling water; cover it, and let it 
stand all night. In the morning pour it into a bottle, and cork it. A 
table-spoon of it put in a pot of ordinary starch will improve it very 
much. 

Butter — To Preserve for Winter.— Take two parts of the best 
common salt, one part of (7oo(Hoaf sugar, and one part of s:iltpeli{», 
beaten, and blended well together. Of this composition ])ut 1 oz. !<> 
16 ozs. of butter, and work it well together in a mass. Press it into 
the pans after the butter has become cool; for friction, though it be 
not touched by the hands, will soften it. The pans should hold ten or 
twelve pounds each. On the top put some salt; and when that is turned 
into brine, if not enough to cover the butter entirely, add some strong 
salt and water. 

Another Mode of Preserving.— Pour a pint of boiling water on 1 
lb. of common salt ; add 3^ oz. of saltpetre, 1 oz. of lump sugar. Let 
it stand till cold. Pour it off clear of sediment and put txie butter into 
it. This pickle will keep butter firm and sweet during the hottest 
weather. 

Charcoal. — All sorts of glass vessels and other utensils may be 
purified from long retained smells of every kind, in the easiest and 
most perfect manner, by rinsing them out well with charcoal powder, 
after the grosser impurities have been scoured off with sand and potash. 
Rubbing the teeth and washing out the mouth with fine charcoal 
powder, will render the teeth beautifully while, and the breath per- 
fectly sweet, where an offensive breath has been owing to a scobutic 
disposition of the gums. Putrid water is immediately deprived of its 
bad smell by charcoal. When meat, fish, etc., from intense heat, or 
long keeping, are likely to pass into a state of corruption, a simple and 
pure mode of keeping them sound and healthful is by putting a few 
pieces of charcoal, each about the size of an 0-%%, into the pot or sauce- 
pan wherein the fish or flesh are to be boiled. Among others, an ex- 
periment of this kind was tried upon a turbot, which appeared to be too 
far gone to be eatable; the cook, as advised, put three or four pieces of 
charcoal, each of the size of an ^^^^^ under the strainer, in the fish 
kettle ; after boiling the proper time, the turbot came to the table sweet 
and firm. 

China and Glass-ware. — The best material for cleansing either 
porcelain or glass-ware, is fuller's earth ; but it must be beaten into a 
fine powder, and caiefully cleared from all rough or hard particles, 
which might endanger the polish of the brilliant surface. 



Hints on Housekeeping. 547 

In Li^htin^ Candles, always hold the match to the side of the 
wick, and not over the top. 

Honse Cleaning. — I do not wish to boast, yet our house is never 
upside down with house cleaning. Clean but one room at a time, set- 
ting everything as it should be before beginning another. Try it, and 
see if your family and chance visitors will not smile as pleasantly as is 
customary, A house upside down from garret to cellar does not often 
improve one's temper. 

Cleaning Carpets. — Take a pail of cold water and add to it a gill 
of ox-gall. Rub it into the carpet with a soft brush. It will raise a 
lather, which must be washed off with clear cold water. Rub dry 
with a clean cloth. In nailing down a carpet after the floor has been 
washed, be certain that the floor is quite dry, or the nails will rust and 
injure the carpet. Fuller's earth is used for cleaning carpets, and weak 
solutions of alum or soda are used for reviving tlie colors. The crumb 
of a hot wheaten loaf rubbed over a carpet has been found effective. 

Beat a Carpet on the wrong side flrst ; and then more gently on 
the right side. Beware of using sticks with sharp points, which may 
tear the carpet. 

Sweeping Carpets. — Persons who are accustomed to use tea-leaves 
for sweeping their carpets, and find that they leave stains, will do well 
to employ fresh cut grass instead. It is better than tea-leaves for pre- 
venting dust, and gives the carpets a very bright, fresh look. 

A Half- worn Carpet vlva^ be made to last longer by ripping it 
apart, and transposing the breadths. 

A Stair Carpet should never be swept down with a long broom, 
but always with a short-handled brush, and a dust-pan held closely 
under each step of the stairs. 

Oil-Cloth should never be scrubbed with a brush, but, after being 
first swept, it should be cleansed by washing with a large soft cloth 
and lukewarm or cold water. On no account use soap or hot water, as 
either will bring ofi" the paint. 

Straw Matting may be cleaned with a large coarse cloth dipped 
in salt and water, and then wiped dry; the salt prevents the matting 
from turning yellow. 

Method of Cleaning Paper-Hangings.— Cut into eight half 
quarters a quartern loaf , two days old; it must neither be newer nor 
staler. With one of these pieces, after having blown ott" all the dust 
from the paper to be cleaned, by the means of a good pair of bellows, 
begin at the top of the room, holding^ the crust in the hand, and wiping 
lightly downward with the crumb, about h.vlf a yard at each stroke, 
until the upper part of the hangings is completely cleaned all round. 
Then go round again, with the like sweeping stroke downwards, al- 
ways commencing each successive course a little higher than the upper 
stroke had extended, till the bottom be finished. This operation, if 
carefully performed, will frequently make very old paper look almost 
equal to new. Great caution must be used not by any means to rub 
the paper hard, nor to attempt cleaning in the cross or horizontal waj\ 
The dirty part of the bread, too, must be each time cut away, and the 
pieces renewed as soon as it may become necessary. 

Preserving the Color of Dresses. — The colors of merinos, mous- 
seline-de-laines, ginghams, chintzes, printed lawns, etc., may be pre- 
served by using water that is only miik-warm ; making a lather with 
white soap, before you put in the dress, instead of rubbing it on the 
material ; and stirring into a first and second tub of water a large table- 
spoon of ox-gall. The gall can be obtained from the butcher, and a 



548 Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking JDepart?nenL 

bottle of it should always be kept in every house. No colored articles 
should be allowed to remain long in the water. They must be washed 
fast, and then rinsed through two cold waters. Into each rinsing water 
stir a tea-spoon of vinegar, which will help to brighten the colors; and 
after rinsing, hang them out immediately. When ironing-dry (or still 
a little damp), bring them in; have irons ready heated, and iron them 
at once, as it injures the color to allow them to remain damp too long, 
or to sprinkle and roll them up in a cover for ironing next day. If 
they cannot be conveniontly ironed immediately, let them hang till 
they are quite dry, and then damp and fold them on the following day^ 
a quarter of an hour before ironing. The best way is not to do colored 
dresses on the day of the general wash, but to give them a morning by 
themselves. They should only be undertaken in clear bright weather. 
If allowed to freeze, the colors will be irreparably injured. We need 
scarcely say that no colored articles should ever be boiled or scalded. 
If you get from a shop a slip for testing the durability of colors, give 
it a fair trial by washing it as above; afterwards pinning it to the edge 
of a towel, and hanging it to dry. Some colors (especiallj'- pinks and 
light greens), though they may stand fferfectly well in washing, will 
change as soon as a warm iron is applied to them ; the pink turning 
purplish, and the green bluish. No colored articles shoul be smoothed 
with a hot iron. 

Domestic Rules. — Have a place for everything — and everything in 
its place, when wanted. Do everything in its proper time. Keep 
everything to its proper use. Keep your temper, and be forbearing. 
Be economical, and not extravagant. — Avoid luxuries; plain living is 
best for bodily health, and mental comfort. Avoid intemperance as 
you would the fiercest tiger. 

Furniture Polish. — The cheapest is a mixture of linseed-oil and 
turpentine, laid on in a thin coat, rubbed off with a soft cloth and 
polished. 

Furniture in constant use is greatly improved by washing with 
vinegar and water, and afterwards applying cold drawn linseed-oil, 
rubbing it very much. It should be rubbed again in a day or two 
afterwards. 

Or, linseed-oil, 1 pt. ; spirits of wine, )4 gi^U ^ix well. Apply 
with a linen rag. Rub dry with a soft cotton cloth. Rub last and 
hard with a piece of old silk. In time it will have a most beautiful 
gloss. Or, linseed-oil, bees' wax scraped into, and gradually dissolved 
in turpentine, to the thickness of cream. Apply as above, and rub well. 

Flannel. — Before it is made up, flannel should be immersed in hot 
water. 

Flannels, to Wash. — Do not use boiling water, but as hot as the 
hands can bear. Wash with good brown soap and a little pearl-ash, 
or soda and blue. 

All Flannels should be soaked before they are made up, first in 
cold then in hot water, in order to shrink them. 

Flannel should always be washed with white soap, and in hot but 
not boiling water. 

To Clean Looking-Grlasses.— First wash the glass all over with 
lukewarm soapsuds and a sponge. When dry, rub it bright v/ith a 
buckskin and a little prepared chalk tinely powdered. 

Hams, to Cure.— If the weather be cool, hang it up two days be- 
fore it is salted. Beat it with a rolling-pin. Take plenty of common 
salt; coarse sugar, % lb.; saltpetre, 4 ozs.; mix; warm; rub the ham 
with it well, and lay the rest of the salt upon it; in two days turn it; 



' Hints on Housekeeping. 549 

rub it well with brine; baste it several times a clay for a month, for a 
larofe ham ; drain, wash otf the salt with cold water; dry with a cloth; 
rub black pepper over the inside and in at the knuckles; hang in a 
warm room to dry. 

HamSy to Keep. — The most effectual way is to tie them closely in 
cotton or canvass bags. Hang in a dry, cool, and well ventilated room 
when bagged. The bags should be whitewashed. 

To Preserve Steel Goods from Rust.— After bright grates have 
been thoroughly cleaned, they should be dusted over with unslacked 
lime, and thus left until wanted. The coils of piano wires thus 
sprinkled, will keep from rust for many years. Table-knives, which 
are not in constant use ought to be put in a case in which sifted quick- 
lime is placed, about eiglit inches deep. They should be plunged to 
the top of the blades, but the lime should not touch the handles. 

Iron and Steel Goods from Rust.— Dissolve half an ounce of 
camphor in one pound of hog's lard; take off the scum; mix as much 
black lead as will give the mixture an iron color. Iron and steel goods, 
rubbed over with this mixture, and left with it on twenty-four hours, 
and then dried with a linen cloth, will keep clean for mont.s. Valu- 
able articles of cutlery should be wrapped in zinc foil^ or be 'k:r'. In 
boxes lined with zinc. This is at once an easy and most effective 
method. 

Iron-Mould, to Remove. — ^Rub the iron-mould part with a little 
oxalic acid, or salts of lemon, dissolved in warm water. After remain- 
ing ten minutes, rinse well in warm and then in cold water. Or, ap- 
ply a mixture of milk and salts. 

Iron and Steel, to Prevent from Rusting. — Fat oil varnish, one 
part, and rectified spirits of turpentine, three parts, intimately mixed, 
and applied with a sponge. Camphor, lard, and black lead, mixed, 
applied, and after two days wiped off, will preserve from rust. Or, 
smear over the iron, or metal, hardware, etc., with melted mutton suet, 
and dust with powdered unslacked lime. 

Brown paper is a good preservative from rust. Hence all Sheffield 
and Birmingham Hardware, Cutlery, etc., are wrapped in brown paper. 

Kettles, Incrustation or Furring to Prevent.— Keep in the ves- 
sel a clean marble, a cockle, or oyster shell; these will attract the par- 
ticles of sand. 

Leather, To Clean. — Uncolored leather may be cleaned by ap- 
plying a solution of oxalic acid with a sponge. Dissolve in warm 
water. 

Knives, Handles of, to Fasten. — Melt resin, add brick-dust, and 
mix well together. This is a very good cement for this and other pur- 
poses. Shellac, and prepared chalk, intimately mixed, answer well. 
Heat the part to be inserted, and fill the aperture with the mixture. 
Press it in. 

Milk, to Preserve. — Milk often turns by an acid developed in the 
liquid. To prevent it, add to the milk a small portion of bi-carbonate 
of soda. This is not at all injurious to health; but rather aids diges- 
tion. Many of the great dairies on the continent adopt this method. 

Mildew, to Remove. — Soap the linen previously wetted, and ap- 
ply salt and lemon juice to both sides; or apply finely powdered pipe 
clay, or Fuller's earth, or finely powdered chalk. Expose it for several 
hours to the atmosphere. 

Mildew, to Remove.— Mix soft soap with powdered starch, half 
as much salt, and the juice of a lemon, and lay on with a brush. Let it 
lay on the grass day and night till the stain is gone. Or, take 2 ozs. of 



55 o Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department 

chloride of lime, pour on it a quart of boiling water, and then add 3 
qts. of cold water; steep the linen 10 or 12 hours, when every spot will 
be extracted. 

Mix oxalic acid, citric acid, and milk together; rub into the linen; 
repeat as it dries; wash, and bleach on the grass. 

Marble, to Clean. — Soap lees mixed with quick-lime, prettv thick, 
and applied for a day, then washed off with soap and water. 6r, mu- 
riatic acid diluted witli water, taking care tliat it be not too strong. 
Or, soft soap, 1 lb.; whiting, powdered, 1 lb.; soda, 1 oz.; boil together 
20 minutes; apply for 24 hours, wash off with clean water, and polish 
with a piece of felt, or coarse flannel. Iron stains on marble are re- 
moved by a mixture of lemon juice and sulphuric acid ; apply for afew 
minutes, and then rub witli a soft cloth. 

Marble, Iiiiitatioii of. — Make a solution of alum, and of half as 
much of the best glue as alum. Mix with one part whiting, or rather 
less, and three parts of well-baked plaster of Paris. It may be colored 
by first staining the water. It sets very hard. 

Marble, to Polish. — Mix a quantity of the strongest soap-lees 
with quick-lime, to the consistence of milk, and lay it on the stone, 
etc., for twenty-four hours, clean it afterwards with soap and water, 
and it will appear as new. 

To Clean Marble. — Take two parts of common soda, one part of 
pumice stone, and one part of finely powdered chalk; sift it through a 
fine sieve, and mix it with water; then rub it well all over the marble, 
and the stains will be removed; then wash the marble over with soap 
and water, and it will be as clean as it was at first. 

Glass should be washed in cold water, which gives it a brighter 
and clearer look than when cleansed with warm water. 

Musty Casks, to Sweeten. — Throw in burning coals, and then cold 
water. Public brewers wash their casks with lime and water, mixed 
nearly to the consistence of paint; lemain till drj^, and then wash well 
with water. 

To Stop the Ravages of Moths. — Camphor will not stop the 
ravages of moths in carpets after they have commenced eating. Then 
they pay no regard to the presence of camphor, cedar, or tobacco. A 
good way to kill them is to take a coarse crash towel and wring it out 
of clear water. Spread it smoothly on the carpet, then iron it; dry 
with a good hot iron, repeating the operation on all suspected places, 
and those least used. It does not injure tlie pile or color of the carpet 
in the least. It is not necessar}" to press hard, heat and steam being 
the agents, and they do the work effectually on worms and eggs. Then 
the camphor will doubtless prevent future depredations of the miller. 

Our Recipe for Curing Meat. — To one gallon of water, take \% 
lbs. of salt; )^ lb. of sugar; ^ oz. of saltpetre; 3^ oz. of potash. In 
this ratio the pickle can be increased to ^wj quantity desired. Let 
these be boiled together until all the dirt from the sugar rises to the 
top and is skimmed oft'. Then throw it into a tub to cool, and when 
cold pour it over your beef or pork, to remain the usual time, say four 
or five weeks. The meat must be well covered by the pickle, and 
should not be put down for at least two days after killing, during 
which time it may be slightly sprinkled with powdered saltpetre, which 
removes all the surface blood, etc., leaving the meat fresh and clean. 
Some omit boiling the pickle, and find it to answer well, though the 
operation of boiling purifies the pickle by throwing off" the dirt always 
to be found in salt and sugar. 

If this recipe is properly tried, it will never be abandoned. There 
is none that surpass it, if so good. — Oermantown Telegraph. 



Hints on Housekeeping, 551 

Oflors, Unpleasant to Remove. — Burnt coffee is the best disinfec- 
tant, and it is very agreeable. For water closets, night chairs, etc., 
chloride of lime, and even common lime, should be used. Or, sugar 
of lead, 1 oz. ; aquafortis, 1 oz.; in nearly 1 quart of water. This is 
effectual to cleanse utensils from bad odors. Or, charcoal powder, 
and camphor dissolved; the articles well rinsed with the composition. 

Poultry, to Feed.— " As I suppose you keep poultry, I may tell 
you that it has been ascertained that if you mix with their food a suffi- 
cient quantity of egg-shells or chalk, which they eatgreedily, they will 
lay coeteris paribus, two or three times as many eggs as before. A well 
fed fowl is disposed to lay a vast number of eggs, but cannot do so 
without the material for the shells, however nourishing in other respects 
her food may be; indeed, a fowl fed on food and water free from car- 
bonate of lime, and not finding any in the soil, or in the shape of mor- 
tar, which they often eat off the wall, would lay no eggs at all with 
the best will in the world '' — Professor Gregory. 

Pictnre Varnish. — Mastic varnish. 

Paint, To Remove from Cloth. — Apply spirits of turpentine with 
a sponge. 

Grense on cloth may be removed by frequent layers of blotting 
paper ])]aced over the grease spot, and pressing with a flat-iron. 

Paint, To Remove Spots of. — Apply spirits of turpentine to the 
spot, and after a while rub thg cloth as if washing, and the paint will 
crumble off; if not, apply the turpentine again. 

Paint, To take away tlie Smell of. — Water neutralizes the smell 
of paint. Vessels of water placed in a newly painted room, will re- 
move the smell, especially if impregnated with a little sulphuric acid. 
Or straw and hay well saturated with water. Or chloride of lime and 
water. 

To Clean Paint. — A correspondent of the Country Gentleman says: 
Use but little water at once; keep it warm and clean by changing it 
often. A flannel cloth takes off all fly specks better than cotton. Soap 
will remove the paint, so use but little of it. Cold tea is the best 
liquid for cleaning varnished paint, window panes and mirrors. A 
saucer of sifted ashes should always be standing at hand to clean un- 
varnished paint that has become badly smoked ; it is better than soap. 
Never put soap upon glass unless it can be thoroughly rinsed off, which 
can never be done to window-glass. Wash oft' the specks with warm 
tea, and rub the panes dry ; then make a paste of whiting and water, 
and put a little in the center of each pane. Take a dry cloth and rub 
it all over the glass, then rub it off with a chamois-skin or flannel, and 
your glass will shine like crystal. 

Paint. — To get rid of the smell of oil paint, plunge a handful of 
hay into a pailful of water, and let it stand in the room newly 
painted. 

Iron Stains may be removed from marble by wetting the spots 
with oil of vitriol, or with lemon-juice, or with oxalic acid diluted in 
spirit of wine, and, after a quarter of an hour, rubbing them dry with 
a soft linen cloth. 

To Take Marking-Ink out of Linen.— Use a saturated solution of 
cyanuret of potassium applied with a camel-hair brush. After the 
marking-ink disappears, tlie linen should be well washed in cold water. 

To Take Stains of Wine out of Linen.— Hold the articles in milk 
while it is boiling on the fire, and the stains will soon disappear. 

Frnit Stains in Linen. — To remove them, rub the part on each side 
with yellow soap, then tie up a piece of pearlash in the cloth, etc., and 



552 Appendix to Bakers^ and Cooking Department 

soak well in hot water, or b)!!; atterWcU(I-> expose the stained part to 
the sun and air until removtd. 

Mildewed Linen may be restored by soaping the spots while wet, 
covering them with fine chalk scraped to powder, and rubbing it 
well in. 

To keep Moths, Beetles, etc., from Clothes,— Put a piece of cam- 
phor in a linen bag, or some aromatic herbs, in the drawers, among 
linen or woolen clothes, and neither moth nor worm will come near 
them. 

Clothes closets that have become infested with moths should be 
well rubbed with a strong decoction of tobacco, and repeatedly sprink- 
led with spirits of camphor. 

Medicine Stains may be removed from silver spoons by rubbing 
them with a rag dipped in sulphuric acid, and washing it off with 
soap-suds. 

To lie move Iron Rust or Tomato Stains from Linen or Cotton 
Cloth. — Wet the spot with cold water, and place the cloth in the sun- 
shine. Then mix equal quantities of cream-tartar and table salt, and 
sprinkle the mixture upon it until the dampness has absorbed a great 
deal, then lay on enough to hide the spot. Wet the spot with cold 
water every half hour, and, if the stain is then seen, cover it again 
with the cream-tartar and salt. Keep it in the sunshine, and continue 
these applications till the stain is gone — if recently contracted, two or 
three applications will remove it. 

Muslins, To Keep a Good Color. — Never wash muslins, or any 
kind of cotton goods, with linen; for the latter discharges a kind of 
gum, and coloring matter, every time it is washed, which discolors the 
muslin and cotton — wasii them by themselves 

Muslins, Uninflammable. — Mix with starch about the same weight 
of carbonate of lime, commonly called Spanish white or Spanish chalk. 
It does not deteriorate the appearance or injure the material of the 
muslin. 

Velvet. — When velvet gets plushed fiom pressure, hold the parts 
over a basin of hot water, with the lining of the article next the water; 
the pile will soon rise, and assume its original beauty. 

To Renovate Silks. — Sponge fided silks with warm water and 
soap, then rub them with a dry cloth on a flat board; afterwards iron 
them on the inside with a smoothing-iron. Old black silks may be 
improved by sponging with spirits; in this case, the ironing may be 
done on the right side, thin paper being spread over to prevent 
glazing. 

Black Silk Reviver. — Boil logwood in water for half an hour; th'en 
simmer the silk half an hour; take it out, and put into the dye a little 
blue vitriol, or green copperas; cool it, and simmer the silk for half an 
hour. Or, boil a handful of tig-leaves in two quarts of water until it 
is reduced to one pint; squeeze the leaves, and bottle the liquor for 
use. Wlien wanted, sponge the silk with this preparation. 

Restoring Color to Silk. — When the color has been taken from 
silk by acids, it may be restored by applying to the spot a little harts- 
horn, or sal-volatile. 

Ink Stains.— Very frequently, when logwood has been used in 
manufacturing ink, a reddi.^h stain still remains, after the use of oxalic 
acid, as in the former directions. To remove it, procure a solution of 
the chloride of lime, and apply it in the same manner as directed for 
the oxalic acid. 

Grease Spots from Silk.— Upon a deal table lay a piece of woolen 
cloth or baize, upon which lay smoothly the part stained, with the 



Hints on Housekeeping. ccx 

right side do^v^l wards. Having spread a piece of brown paper on the 
top, apply a flat-iron just hot enough to scorch the paper. About five 
or eight seconds is usually sufficient. Then rub the stained part 
briskly with a piece of cap-paper. 

Washing Bed Furniture, etc. — Before putting into the water, see 
that you shake off as much dust as possible, or you will greatly in- 
crease your labor. Use no soda, or pearlash, or the articles will lose 
their color. Use soft water, not hot, but warm; have plentj' of it. 
Rub wilh mottled soap. On wringing out the second liquor, dip each 
piece into cold hard water for finishing. Shake out well, and dry 
quickly. If starch is desired, it may be stirred into the rinsing water. 

Washing. — To save your linen and your labor — pour on half a 
pound of soda two quarts of boiling water, in an earthenware pan ; 
take half a pound of soap, shred fine; put it into a saucepan with two 
quarts of cold water; stand it on a fire till it boils; and when perfectly- 
dissolved and boiling, add it to the former. Mix it well, and let it 
stand till cold, when it will have the appearance of a strong jelly. Let 
your linen be soaked in water, the seams and any other soiled j^art 
rubbed in the usual way, and remain till the following morning. Get 
your copper ready, and add to the water about a pint basin full; when 
lukewarm, put in your linen, and allow it to boil for twenty minutes. 
Rinse it in the usual way, and that is all which is necessary to get it 
clean, and to keep it in good color. The above recipe is invaluable to 
housekeepers. If you have not tried it, do so without delay. 

"When water is hard, and will not readily unite with soap, it will 
always be proper to boil it before use; which will be found sufficient! y 
efficacious, if the hardness depends solely upon the impregnation of 
lime. Even exposure to the atmosphere will produce this effect in a 
great degree upon spring water so impregnated, leaving it much fitter 
for lavatory purposes. In both cases the water ought to be carefully 
poured off from the sediment, as the neutralized lime, when freed from 
its extra quantity of carbonic acid, falls to the bottom by its own 
f^ravity. To economize the use of soap, put any quantity of pearlash 
into a large jar, covered from the dust ; in a few days the alkali will 
become liquid, which must be diluted in double its quantity of soft 
water, with an equal quantity of new-slacked lime. Boil it half an 
hour, frequently stirring it; adding as much more hot water, and 
drawing off the liquor, when the residuum may be boiled afresh, and 
drained, until it ceases to feel acrid to the tongue. 

Water, To Purify. — Put into it powdered charcoal, then filter 
through a compressed sponge, and it will become perfectly sweet, 
however impure previously. 

Water may be filtered and purified by means of a deep flower- 
pot, with a compressed sponge in the hole at the bottom. Put over the 
sponge an inch thick of pebbles, next an inch of coarse sand, next a 
layer of charcoal, and over again pebbles. The water will filter pure 
and clear through the hole into another vessel. 

Water, To Purify. — A large spoonful of pulverized alum sprinkled 
into a hogshead of water (the water stirred round at the time), will, 
after the lapse of a few hours, so purify it that it will be found to pos- 
sess nearly the freshness and clearness of finest spring water. A pail- 
ful containing four gallons may be purified by a single spoonful; or a 
mixture of one part chalk and two of alum will be still better. 

Water, to Soften. — Wood ashes form a good lye for softening wa- 
ter, but care must be taken that they sliould be all wood. 

Water, Hard, To Make Soft.— i3oil it, and expose it to the atmos- 
phere. Add a little carbonate of soda. 24 



MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 



WASHING FLUID-Saving Half the Wash-Board Labor.— Sal- 
soda, 1 lb.; stone lime, }4. 1^-; water, 5 qts. Boil a short time, stirring 
occasionally; then let it settle and pour oflE* the clear fluid into a stone 
jug, and cork for use. Soak your white clothes over night, in simple 
water; wring out, and soap wristbands, collars, and dirty or stained 
places. Have your boiler half filled with water, and when at scalding 
heat, put in one common tea-cup of the fluid, stir, and put in your 
clothes, and boil for half an hour; then rub lightly through one suds 
only, rinsing well in the bluing water, as usual, and all is complete. 

If you wish to wash on Monday, put warm suds to the clothes 
whilst breakfast is being got ready ; then wring out and soap as above, 
will do just as well as soaking them over night, and my wife thinks 
better. 

For each additional boiler of clothes add half a cup of the fluid 
only; of course boiling in the same water through the whole washing. 
If more water is needed in the boiler for the last clothes, dip it from 
the sudsing tub. Soak your woolen and calico in the suds from which 
you have washed the wliite clothes, whilst hanging them out, dipping 
in some of the boiling water from the boiler, if necessary; then wash 
out the woolen and calico as usual — of course, washing out woolen 
goods before you do the calico. The fluid brightens instead of fading 
the colors in calico. 

This plan not only saves the two rubbings which women give their 
clothes before boiling', and more than half of the soap— does not in- 
jure the clothes, but saves their wear in two rubbings before boiling; 
and is a good article for removing grease from floors, doors, and win- 
dows, and to remove tar or grease from the hands, etc. 

I hope every lady into whose hands this recipe may fall, will give 
it a trial, as my family have nov/ used it over seven years, not missing 
only two washings. It does not rot clotlies, but makes them wash 
full or more than one-half easier than the old way. Seven years 
ought to be considered a sufficient test. 

The honor of this recipe is accredited to Prof. Liebig, of Ger- 
many. 

1 have found many women using turpentine, alcohol, ammonia, 
camphor gum, etc., in their washing fluids; but none of them ought 
ever to be used for such purposes, (one woman lost the use of her arm 
for six months, by using a fluid containing turpentine); the turpentine 
and alcohol especially, tend to open the pores of the skin, and thus 
make the person more liable to take cold in hanging out the clothes, 
as also to weaken the arm. 

And here let me say, if it is possible to avoid it, never allow the 
woman who washes the clothes, and thus becomes warm and sweaty, 
to hang them out; and especially ought this to be regarded in the win-. 



Miscellaneous Department, e^e 

principle tliat two tliin slioes make onP o^l.^ S" I' ^^"'ks upon the 
br^ncUiti, two attacks o^^^S! ^^^J^TZX^^-.^^^^l 

lake best Prussian-blue, Dulverized 1 07 . r.vn*i;« ^^.\^ 1 

?o"ti,:;L7ofi,Te?ub "^ "' " '' ^"'^<="^"' ^-^^ "^ '"" "^ -t^^.'S^g 

Tro«Weof thfo?d W?v~''t',?''*'',^1'\^'^»^^ *»« Oae-fonrth the 

^^^^t^^^^^X^^i^i!^::^ -'0 to •>« the 

mon soft soap if this amount of sal-soda is put into that nnmhP? nf 
gallons, washing will be done much easier, and the sianwiTlmorf 
than compensate for the expense and troubl^ of the adSn ^"^ 

oo.k^i'io^Tk'^"'^"?''^^^^®'*^'' Yellow Soap.-Tallow and sal-<^oda of 
each, 112 lbs.; resin, 56 lbs.; stone lime, 28 lbs • Dalm oi s lh« . Lf! 
water, 28,gals.; ov, for small quantUus^fxXo^'l^.tT^^^^^^ ^of Uch 

Hnf'nri ^ T' ' '^^^ ^^"^"' ^ ^^^^ ' ^^^^"^ ^^^^ 1 oz.Tsoft Water ?q ' 

Put soda, hme, and water into a kettle, and boil stirring vvpH. 

then let it settle and pour off the lye. In anXr keU e "felTthi 

tallow, resin and palm oil, having it hot, the lye beinfaTso^^b^^^ 

hot; mix all together, stirring well, and the work is donl ^'^'"^ 

rnTfet'^it'Sr^r^. ^"'' " '^^^ '^ """^^^' ^^^ ^^^^ «<^W» eut if intoTa^s 

This recipe was obtained by finding- an overroaf- with u 4« fi, 
pocket, and also a piece of the soap ; thf man kept It wT h h m asH? 
irritated his salt-rheum so much less than other soaps I has Droved 
win? ?K 1^^-^^shing generally, and also for shaving purpos^esll 
would be better than half the toilet soaps sold, if an ounce or two of 
sassafras oil was stirred into this amount; or a little of the soan Z^hf 
"^^^^^^l^lT^^ '- ^ ^^"^^ «^ ^^e oif, \'o^ ror?esTo1?i 

;oda^;ndl^Krea!^C^^^^ 

water; now mix in the lime, stirring occasionally for a few hfur^^^ 
after which let it settle, pouring off the clear liqLr Ind b^li iTth; 
tallow therein until it is all dissolved: cool it in a^flat C or Da^^ard 
cut into bars, or cakes, as preferred. ^ ' ^''^^ 

It can be flavored with sassafras oil as the last, by stirring it in 



556 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

when cool. It can be colored also, if desired, as mentioned in the 
"Variegated Toilet Soap." 

When any form of soda is used in making soap, it is necessary to 
use lime to give it causticity; or, in other words, to make it caustic; 
which gives it much greater power upon the grease, by removing the 
carbonic acid; hence the benetit of putting lime in the bottom of a 
leach when making soap from common ashes. 

5. Transparent Soap. — Take nice yellow bar soap, 6 lbs. ; cut it 
thin and put into a brass, tin, or copner kettle, with alcohol, }/^ gal.; 
heating gradually over a slow fire, stirring until all is dissolved; tlien 
add an ounce of sassafras essence, and stir until well mixed ; now pour 
it into pans about V/^ inches deep, and when cold, cut into square 
bars, the length or width of the pan, as desired. 

This gives you a nice toilet soap for a trifling expense, and when 
fully dry it is very transparent. 

6. One Hundred Pounds of Good Soap for $1.30.— Take potash, 
6 lbs., 75 cts. ; lard, 4 lbs., 50 cts. ; resin, }^ lb., 5 cts. 

Beat up the resin, mix all together, and set aside for five days; 
then put the whole into a ten-gallon cask of warm water, and stir 
twice a day for ten days; at the expiration of which time you will have 
one hundred pounds of excellent soap. 

7. Chemical Soft Soap. — J. Hamilton, an English gentleman, 
and proprietor of the Eagle Hotel, xVurora, Indiana, makes his soap 
for house use as follows : 

Take grease, 8 lbs.; caustic soda, 8 lbs.; sal-soda, 1 lb.; melt the 
grease in a kettle, melt the sodas in soft water, 4 gals., and p»ur all 
into a barrel holding 40 gals., and fill up with soft water, and the la- 
bor is done. 

When the caustic soda cannot be obtained of soap-makers, you 
will make it by taking soda-ash and fresh slacked lime, of each eight 
pounds; dissolving them in the water with the sal-soda, and when set- 
tled, pouring otf the clear liquid, as in the " White Hard Soap with 
Tallow." 

8. Soap without Heat. — Mr. Tomlinson, writing to Judge Buel, 
says : 

" My wife has no tronble about soap. The grease is put into a 
cask, and strong lye added. During the year, as the fat increases, more 
lye is stirred in; and occasionally stirred with a stick that is kept in it. 
By the time the cask is full, the soap is made for use." 

There is no mistake about this manner of making soap. The only 
object of boiling is to increase the strength of weak lye and hasten the 
process. 

9. Windsor, or Toilet Soap. — Cut some new white bar soap into 
thin slices, melt it over a slow fire, and scent it with oil of caraway; 
when perfectly dissolved, pour it into a mould and let it remain a 
week, then cut it into such sized squares as you may require. 

10. Yariegated Toilet Soap. — Soft water, 3 qts. ; nice white bar 
soap, 3 lbs.; sal-soda, 2 ozs. ; Chinese vermilion, and Chinese blue, of 
each, as much as will lie on a five-cent piece; oil of sassafras, % oz. 

Shave the soap fine, and put it into the water as it begins to boil ; 
when dissolved, set it from the fire; take out a cup of the soap and stir 
in the vermilion ; take out another cup of the soap and stir in the blue ; 
then pour in one of the cups and give two or three turns only with the 
stirring stick; then put in the other in the same waj^; and finally pour 
into a suitable box; and when cold it can be cut into bars; or it can be 
run in moulds, if desired. It will become hard in a short time, giving 



Miscellaneous Department 557 

most excellent satisfaction. If stirred thoroughly, after putting in the 
colors, it would be all of a mixed color; but giving it only two or 
three turns, leaves it in streaks, most beautiful. 

Soap manufacturers generally use soda, in preference to wood- 
ashes, because less troublesome; and to make it more caustic, or in 
other words, to absorb the carbonic acid gas, they must put about 
pound for pound of recently slacked lime with soda-ash, or sal-soda; 
dissolving by heat or stirring, or by both, using suflicient water to 
make tlie lye support a fresh-laid Q^g, and drawing it olf clear of the 
lime sediment. Thirteen hundred pounds of the tallow, or there- 
abouts, with this lye, make one ton of white soap ; and yellow soap, 
by using ten hundred of tallow and three hundred and fifty of 3'ellow 
resin, for each ton, boiling with the lye until they unite; then pouring 
into frames, made to fit one upon another, to cool and harden; finally 
taking off one frame at a time, and with a wire, having a handle at 
each end to draw it with, cut into slices, then bats, and cording up, as 
wood, to dry. If wood-ashes are used, plenty of lime must be put 
into the bottom of the leach. 

TALLOW CANDLES— For Summer Use.— Most tallow, in sum- 
mer, is more or less soft, and often quite yellow. To avoid both : 

Take your tallow and put a little bees-wax with it, especially if 
your bees-wax is dark and not fit to sell; put into a suitable kettle, 
adding ^oeak lye, and gently boil, an hour or two each day for 2 days, 
stirring and skimming well; each morning cutting it out and scraping 
off the bottom which is soft, adding fresh lye (be sure it is not too 
strong), 1, or 2, or 3 gals., according to the amount of tallow. The 
third morning use water in which alum and saltpetre are dissolved, at 
the raie of 1 lb. each for 30 lbs. of tallow; then simmer, stir, and 
skim again; let cool, and you can take it otf the water for use. 

Tliey may be dipped or run in moulds. For dipping, allow two 
pounds for each dozen candles. 

Saltpetre and alum are said to harden lard for candles; but it can 
be placed among the humbugs of the day. But I will give you a plan 
which is a little shorter for hardening tallow; either will work well — 
take your choice : 

2. Tallow— To Cleanse and Bleach.— Dissolve alum, 5 lbs., in 
water, 10 gals., by boiling; and when it is all dissolved, add tallow, 20 
lbs.; continue the boiling for an hour, constantly stirring and skim- 
ming; when suflaciently cool to allow it, strain through thick muslin ; 
then set aside to harden; when taken from the water, lay it by for a 
short time to drip. 

Dip or mould, as you please, not expecting them to *'run" in 
summer nor "crack" in winter. They will also burn very brilliantly, 
at which, however, you will not be surprised when you consider the 
amount of filth thrown off in cleansing. 

FENCE POSTS— To Prevent Rotting.— A correspondent of the 
American Agriculturalist says : 

" I think it would be well to call the attention of farmers to the 
use of coal-tar as a paint. The tar produced in coal gas-works is ex- 
tensively used in England for painting fences, out-buildings, etc., and 
is being introduced in this country also. It never alters by exposure 
to the weather; and one or two good coats will last for many years. 
It is the cheapest and best black paint that can be used. Our buildings 
are painted with it; all our apparatus also; and even the wrought-iron 
Y)\\)Q we place in the ground is coated with it. I think if its advantages 
were fully known, it would be generally used throughout the United 



558 Dr. Chase* s Recipes. 

States, The Government soak the brick used in building the fort at 
Throg's Neck in this tar, which renders them impervious to water; 
and posts painted with it are protected from rot, when in the ground, 
as effectually as if they had been charred." 

I know this tar is much more effectual than charring, and is not 
one-tenth the trouble. There are posts near this city wJiich have now 
been set over ten years, and yet no appearance of decay. The coating 
is still perfect also. 

The only objection to it as a paint above ground, is its offensive 
smell, from the heat of the sun. 

No persons should allow themselves to set a single post without its 
application, and farmers who are putting out much fence, cannot pos- 
sibly be so short-sighted as to neglect it after it once comes to their 
notice. 

It is doubly important to railroad companies from the fact that 
these roads run through the most level portions of country, and con- 
sequently the most swampy and wet, therefore fence posts are the more 
liable to rot. The mode of application is as follows : 

Have a large iron kettle so arranged that you can make and keep 
the tar hot, then, after having removed the bark, if any, set the end of 
the post into the tar; and if the tar is not sutficiently deep to take the 
post into it as far as you wish to tar it, have a swab of cloth tied upon 
a broom-handle or other stick, and swab it up at least 6 to 10 inches 
above the ground-line when the post is set; then lift up the post, let- 
ting it drip a moment, and lay it away upon rails or poles placed for 
that purpose, not allowing them to touch each other until dry. 

Two men will tar about five hundred posts in one day; and one 
barrel of tar will be sufficient for that number. Who, then, will hesi- 
tate to adopt its use, especially when the tar can be purchased at the 
gas-works for about two dollars per barrel? 

MEATS, TO PRESERVE.— Beef : To Pickle for Long Keepiug. 
—First, thoroughly rub salt into it and let it remain in bulk for 24 
hours, to draw off the blood. Second, take it up, letting it di-ain, and 
pack as desired. Third, have ready a pickle prepared as follows : — For 
every 100 lbs. of beef, use 7 lbs. of salt; saltpetre and cayenne pep- 
per, of each, 1 oz. ; molasses, 1 qt., and soft water, 8 gals.; boil and 
skim well; and when cool, pour it over the beef. 

This amount will cover one hundred pounds, if it has been prop- 
erly packed. I have found persons who use nothing but salt with the 
water, and putting on hot, scalding again at the end of three weeks, 
and putting on hot again. The only object claimed for putting the 
brine on the meat while hot, is, that it hardens the surface, which re- 
tains the iuices, instead of drawing them off. 

2. The Michigan Farmer^s Method.— Is : ''For each 100 lbs of 
beef, use salt, 5 lbs.; saltpetre, 34 oz. ; brown sugar, 1 lb.; dissolve in 
sufficient water to cover the meat — two weeks after, take up, drain — 
throw away the brine— make more the same as first — it will keep the 
season through. When to be boiled for eating, put into boiling water 
— for soups, into cold water." 

I claim a preference for the first plan, of drawing off the blood 
before pickling, as saving labor; and that the cayenne and saltpetre 
improve the flavor and help preserve; and that boiling and skimming 
cleanse the brine very much. Of late years I pursue the followin<r : 

3. Beef— To Pickle for Winter or Present Use, and for Drying. 
— Cut your beef into sizable pieces, sprinkle a little salt upon the bot- 
tom of the barrel only, then pack your beef without salt amongst it, 



Miscellaneous Department. 559 

and when packed pour over it a brine made by dissolvin<^ 6 lbs. of salt 
for each 100 lbs. of beef, in just sufficient cold water to handsomely 
cover it. 

You will find that you can cut and fry as nice as fresh, for a long 
time; just right for boiling, also; and when it gets a little too salt for 
frying, you can freshen it nearly as nicely as pork, for frying pui- 
poses, or you can boil it, then make a stew for breakfast, yitxy nice in- 
deed. By the other plan it soon becomes too salt for eating, and the 
juices are drawn off by the salt. In three weeks, perhaps a little less, 
such pieces as are designed for drying will be ready to hang up, by 
soaking over night to remove the salt from the outside. Do not be 
afraid of this way, for it is very nice for wintei* and drying purposes; 
but if any is left until warm weather, throw away this brine, put salt 
amongst what is left, and cover with the first brine, and all is right for 
long keeping. 

4, Mutton Hams — To Pickle for Drying. — First take weak brine 
and put the hams into it for 2 days, then pour off and apply the fol- 
lowing, and let it remain on from 2 to 3 weeks, accoiding to size : — 
For each 100 lbs., take salt, 6 lb.*.; saltpetre, 1 oz. ; saleratus, 2 ozs. ; 
molasses, 1 pt ; water, 6 gals., will cover these if closely packed. 

The saleratus keeps the mutton from becoming too hard. 

5. Curing, Smoking, and Keeping Hams.— Rose Cottage, 
MUNCIE, Ind., N'ov. 26th, 1859 : I noticed an article in the Gazette, of 
yesterday, headed as above, from the pen of Mr Alexander Brooks, 
tokanfion-ithQ Rural New Yorker, and as I have some u.seful experi- 
ence in that line, I desire to suggest my plan for curihg iimi keeping : 

To a cask of hams, say from 25 to 30, after having packed them 
closely and sprinkled them slightly with salt, I let them lie thus for 3 
days; then make a brine sufficient to cover them, by putting salt into 
clear water, making it strong enough to bear up a sound ^^^ or potato. 

1 then add }4, ^^- of saltpetre, and a gallon of molasses; let them lie in 
the brine for 6 weeks — they are then exactly right. I then take them 
up and let them drain ; then while damp, rub the flesh side and tlie 
end of the leg with finely pulverized black, led, or cayenne pei)per; 
let it be as fine as dust, and dust every part of the flesh side, then hang 
them up and smoke. You may leave them hanging in the smoke- 
house or other cool place where the J'ats cannot reach them, as they are 
perfectly sale from all insects, and will be a dish fit for a prince, or an 
American citizen, which is better. 

Respectfully yours, 

Thos. J. Sample. 

I find that Mr. Sample uses twice as much saltpetre and double the 
time, for my eating, but perhaps not for general market. 

If grocers will take this plan for preparing their hams and shoul- 
ders, there will be no need of sacking; and such as the)^ buy in during 
the summer should receive a coat of pepper immediately, to prevent 
annoyance from flies. 

e. T. E. Hamilton's Maryland Method.— The hams of Maryland 
and Virginia have long enjoyed a wide celebrity. At one of the exhi- 
bitions of the Maryland State Agricultural Society, four premiums 
were awarded for hams. The one which took the first premium, was 
cured by Mi-. T. E. Hamilton, from the following recipe : 

'* To every 100 lbs. take best coarse salt, 8 lbs.; saltpetre, 2 ozs.; 
brown sugar, 2 lbs. ; potash, 1 14 ozs.; and water, 4 gals. Mix the above 
and pour the brine over the meat, alter it has lain in the tub for some 

2 days. Let the hams remain 6 weeks in the brine, and then dry sev- 



560 Dr. Chase's Recipes, 

eral days before smoking. I have generally had the meat rubbed with 
fine salt, when it is packed down." 

The meat should be perfectly cool before packing. The potash 
keeps it from drying up and becoming hard. 

7. Pork— To have Fresh from Winter Killing, for Summer 
Frying. — Take pork when killed iu the early part of the winter, and 
let it lie in pickle about a week or 10 days, or until just sufficiently 
salted to be palatable; then slice it up and fry it about half or two- 
thirds as much as you would for present eating; now lay it away in its 
own grease, in jars properly covered, in a cool place, as you would 
lard. 

When desired, in spring or summer, to have fresh pork, take out 
what you wish and re-fry suitable for eating, and you have it as nice as 
can be imagined. Try a jar of it, and know that some things can be 
done as well as others. It is equally applicable to hams and shoul- 
ders, and 1 have no doubt it will work as well upon beef, using lard 
suthcient to cover it. So well satisfied am I of it that I have put in 
beaf -steak, this spring, with my fresh ham, in frying for summer use. 
It works upon the principle of canning fruits to exclude the air. I put 
in no bone. 

8. Salt Pork for Frying— Nearly Equal to Fresh.— For the 
benefit of those who are obliged to use considerable salt pork, the fol- 
lowing method much improves it for frying : 

Cut as many slices as may be needed; if for breakfast, the night 
previous, and soak till morning in a quart or t\\ o of milk and water, 
about one-half milk — skimmed milk, sour milk or buttermilk; — rinse 
till the water is clear, and then fry. It is nearly or quite as nice as 
fresh pork— both the fat and lean parts. 

Occasionally I like to have this rolled in corn meal before frying, 
as it makes such a nice imitation of fresh fish. 

9. Fresh Meat— To Keep a Week or Two in Summer. — Farmers 
or others living at a distance from butchers, can keep fiesh meat very 
nicely, for a week or two, by putting it into sour milk, or buttermilk, 
placing in a cool cellar. The bones or fat need not be removed. 

Rinse well when used. 

10. Smoked meat— To Preserve for Years, or for Sea Voyages. 
— How often are we disappointed in our hopes of having sweet hams 
during the summer? After carefully curing and smoking, and sewing 
them up in bags, and whitewashing them ; we often find that either 
the fly has commenced a family in our hams, or that the choice parts 
around the bone are tainted, and the whole spoiled. 

Now this can be easily avoided, by packing them in pulverized 
charcoal. No matter how hot the weather, or how thick the flies ; 
hams will keep as sweet as when packed, for years. The preservative 
quality of charcoal will keep them till charcoal decays ; or sufficiently 
long to have accompanied Cook three times around the world. 

11. The Ilural New Yorlter's Method.— It says : 'Mn the Spring, 
cut the smoked ham in slices, fry till partly done, pack in a stone jar 
alternate layers of ham and gravj\ If the ham should be very lean 
use lard for gravy. Be sure and fry the ham in the lard, so that it will 
be well seasoned. When wanted for use, take up, finish frying, and 
it is ready for the table. " 

The only trouble is, that we can't keep it half long enough, it Is 
so good and handy. 

ISJ. The New England Farmer's *' Saving his Bacon.^^ — About 
couple of years ago, we were entertained, at the house of a friend, 



Miscellaneous Department. 561 

with a dinner of e<ro:s and bacon. We complimented our host on the 
superior quality of his bacon ; and were curious to inquire the way to 
lilie success in the preparation of a dainty article of diet, though one 
that is better fitted for the palate of an epicure, than for the stomach 
of a dyspeptic. To our surprise we were informed that that portion of 
our meal was cooked ejo^ht months before. 

Upon askintr tor an explanation, he stated it was his practice to 
slice and fry his bacon immediately on its being cured, and then pack 
it in its own fat. When occasion came for using- it, the slices, slightly 
re-fried, have all the freshness and flavor of new bacon just prepared. 
By this precaution, our friend always succeeded in " Saving his ba- 
con," fresh and sweet through the hottest weather.— iVew) England 
Farmer. 

I have no doubt but what it will do as well to pack meats un fried 
in this way, in tubs and barrels as in jars ; but I rather prefer covered 
jars, puttuig a couple of thicknesses of cloth over the jar before putting 
on the cover ; placed in a cool cellar. 

I also find it necessary to put in lard occasionally as you are fry- 
ing, as there is not generally enough brought out by frying to fill the 
crevices between the .slices, which must be filled. 

CANNLXG FRUITS— Peaches and Pears.— After paring and cor- 
ing, put amongst them sufficient sugar to make them palatable for 
present eating,— about 3 to 4 lbs. only for each bushel ; let them stand 
a while to dissolve the sugar, not using any water; then heat to a boil, 
and continue the boiling, with care, from 20 to 30 minutes, or suf- 
ficiently long to heat through, which expels the air. 

Have ready a kettle of hot water; into which dip the can long 
enough to heat it; then fill in the fruit while hot, corking it immedi- 
fttely, and dip the end of the cork into the "Cement for Canning 
Fruits." When cold it is best to dip the second time to make sure that 
no air holes are left which would spoil the fruit. All canned fruits are 
to be kept in a very cool cellar. 

We have yesterday, and to-day, been eating peaches put up in this 
way, two years ago, which were very nice indeed. See '' Peaches, To 
Peel. " 

Berries, Plums,Cherries, etc.— Raspberries, blackberries, whor- 
tleberries, currants, cherries, and plums, need not be boiled over 10 to 
15 minutes; using sugar to make palatable, in all cases, as it must be 
put in some time, and it helps to preserve the fruit. 

They requiie the same care in heating cans, etc., as above, for 
peaches. 

3. Strawberries.— For strawberries, put sugar % lb. for each lb. 
of berries, and proceed as for berries above. 

^ Strawberries are so juicy, and have such a tendency to fermenta- 
tion, that it is almost impossible to keep them. I have found it abso- 
lutely so, until I adopted the plan of using the amount of sugar above 
named; if others can do with less, they can benefit the public by telliin'- 
me how they do it. - j n 

5. Tomatoes. — For tomatoes, scald and peel them as for other 
cooking; then scald, or rather boil for about 15 minutes only, and can 
as above. 

Or what I think best is to use a little salt, and put them into half- 
gallon jugs; for we want them in too great quantities to stop on a few 
glass jars, such as we use for other fruits; as for tin cans, I never use 
them ; if you do use tin cans for tomatoes it will not do to use salt with 
them, as it has a tendency to cause rust. 



562 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

6. Cement for Canning Fruits.— Resin, 1 lb. ; lard, tallow and 
bees- wax, of each, 1 oz. 

Melt and stir together; and have it hot, ready to dip into when 
canning. 

7. Rural New Yorker's Method. — The editor says: 

From four year's experience with, not only strawberries, but 
peaches, cherries, raspberries, pine-apples, etc., without losing a single 
jar, tlie flavor being also perfect: Use only self-sealing glass jars. Put 
into a procelain preserving kettle, enough to fill two quart jars; sprin- 
kle on sugar, ^ lb. ; place over a slow lire and heat through, 7iot cook- 
ed. While the IVuit is heating, keep the jars filled with hot water. Fill 
up to the brim, and seal immediately. 

As it cools a vacuum is formed which prevents bursting. In this 
way, every kind of fruit will retain its fiavor. Sometimes a thick 
leathery mould forms on the top — if so, all the better. 

CATCHUP — Tomato Catchup.— Take perfectly ripe tomatoes, }4, 
bushel; wash them clean and break to pieces; then put over the fire 
and let them come to a boil, and remove from the fire; when they are 
sufficiently cool to allow your hands in them, rub through a wire sieve; 
and to what goes through, add salt, two tea-cups; allspice and cloves 
of each ground, one tea-cup; best vinegar, 1 qt. Put onto the fire 
again and cook one hour, stirring with great care to avoid burning. 
Bottle and seal for use. If too thick when used, put in a little vinegar. 
If they were very juicy they may need boiling over an hour. 

This recipe is from Mrs. Hardy, of the American Hotel, Dresden, 
0., and is decidedly the best catchup which I have ever tasted ; the 
only fault I ever heard attributed to it was, "I wish we had made 
more of it. " " We have not got half enough of it, " etc. But there 
are those who cannot use tomatoes in any shape; such persons will, 
undoubtedly, like the following: 

2. Currant Catchup. — Nice fully ripe currants, 4 lbs. ; sugar, 13^ 
lbs. ; cinnamon, ground, 1 table-spoon ; salt, with ground cloves and 
pepper, of each, 1 tea-spoon, vinegar, 1 pt. 

Stew the currants and sugar until quite thick; then add the other 
ingredients, and bottle for use. 

PRESERVES— Tomato Preserves.— As some persons will have 
preserves, I give them the plan of making the most healthy of any in 
use: 

Take ripe, scalded and peeled tomatoes, 13 lbs. ; nice, scalded hot 
molasses, 1 gal.; pour the molasses upon them and let stand 12 hours; 
then boil until they are properly cooked; now skim out the tomatoes, 
but continue boiling the syrup until quite thick ; then pour again up- 
on the tomatoes and iput away as other preserves. A table-spoon of 
ginger tied up in a bt of cloth and boiled in them, gives a nice flavor ; 
or the extracts can be used; or lemon peel, as preferred — if sugar is 
used, pound for pound is the amount. 

But I prefer to put them or anj^ other fruit, into jugs, cans, or 
bottles, which retains the natural flavor and does not injure the 
stomach, which all preserves do, to a greater or less extent. Yet I 
give you another, because it does so nicely in place of citron, in 
cakes. 

2. Preserved Water-Melon in Place of Citron, for Cakes.— The 
harder part of water-melon, next the skin, made into preserves with 
sugar, equal weights ; cooking down the syrup rather more than for 
common use, causes it to granulate, like citron, which is kept for 
sale. 



Miscellaneous Department. 563 

This chopped fine, like citron, makes an excellent substitute for 
that article; and for very much less cost. Call in the neighbors to 
help eat about a dozen good sized melons, and you have outsides enough 
for the experiment; and if the Doctor is near he nill help without a 
fee. They are nice, also, in mince-pies, in place of raisins. 

CDRRANTS-To Dry With Sugrar.-Take fully ripe currants 
stemmed, 5 lbs.; sugar, 1 lb. ; put into a brass kettle, stirring at first,' 
then as the currants boil up to the top, skim them oft'; boil down the 
juicy syrup until quite thick and pour it over the currants, mixing 
well ; then place on suitable dishes, and dry them by placing in a low 
box over which you can place musqueto-bar, to keep away files. 

When properly dried, put in jars, and tie paper over them. Put 
cold water upon them and stew as other fruit for eating or pie-makino- 
adding more sugar if desired. *" 

TIN-WARE-To Mend By the Heat of a Candle.-Take a vial 
about two-thirds full of muriatic acid, and put into it little bits of sheet 
zinc, as long as it dissolves them ; then put in a crumb of sal-ammoni- 
ac and fill up with water, and it is ready to use. 

With the cork of the vial, wet the place to be mended, with the 
preparation ; then put a pice of sheet zinc over the hole and hold a 
lighted candle or spirit lamp under the place, which melts the solder on 
the tin and causes the zinc to adhere without further trouble. Wet 
the zinc also with the solution. Or a little solder may be put on in 
place of zinc, or with the zinc. 

WATER FILTER— Home Made.— Rain water is much healthier 
than hard water as a beverage; and the following will be found an 
easy and cheap way to fit it for drinking purposes. 

Have an oak tub made, holding from half, to a barrel, according 
to the amount of water needed in the family ; let it stand on end with 
a faucet near the bottom; or, I prefer a hole through the bottom, near 
the front side, with a tube in it which prevents the water from rotting 
the outside of the tub ; then put clean pebbles 3 or 4 inches thick over 
the bottom of the tub, now have charcoal pulverized to the size of 
small peas (that made from hard maple is best) and put in half a bush- 
el or so at a time; pound it down quite firmlv, then put in more and 
pound airain until the tub is filled to within'8 inches of the top; and 
again put on two inches more of pebbles ; then put a piece of clean 
white flannel over the whole top as a strainer. 

The flannel can be washed occasionally, to remove the impurities 
collected from the water, and it might be well to put a flannel between 
the pebbles and flannel at the bottom, also. When the charcoal be- 
comes foul, it can be renewed as before, but will work a whole season 
without renewing. Put on your water freelv until it becomes clear ; 
when you will be as well satisfied as you would be if it run through a 
'patent filter, costing six times as much as this. 

A large jar to hold the filtered water can be set in an ice box if 
preferred ; or an occasional piece of ice can be put in the water ; but 
if the filter is set in the cellar, as it should be, the water will be suf- 
ficiently cool for health. This makes a good cider filter, also, first 
straining the cider through cotton to free it'from the coarsest pomace. 
TIRE— To Keep on the Wheel.— A corresjwndent of \\\ii ISouthern 
Planier says: "I ironed a wagon some vears ago for my own use, and 
before putting on the tires I filled the felloes with linseed-oil ; and the 
tires have worn out, and were never loose. I ironed a buggy for my 
own use, seven years ago, and the tires are now as tight as wh'c'n put on. 
My method of filling the felloes with the oil is as follows: 



564 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

I use a long cast iron oil-heater, made for the purpose; the oil is 
brought to a boiling heat, the wheel is placed on a stick, so as to hang 
in the oil, each felloe an hour, for a common-sized felloe. The timber 
should be drj', as green timber will not take oil. Care should be taken 
thnt the oil be not made hotter than a boiling heat, in order that the 
timber be not burnt. Timber tilled with oil is not susceptable to 
water, and is much more durable. " 

I was amused sometime ago when I told a blacksmith how to keep 
tires tight on wheels, by his telling me it was a protitable business to 
tighten tires; and the wagon maker will say it is protitable for hini 
to make and repair wheels — but what will the farmer who supports 
the wheel-right and the blacksmith sa}-? The greatest good to the 
greatest number, is my motto. 

WEEDS — To Destroy iu Walks.— The tollowing method to destroy 
weeds is pursued at the mint in Paris, with good effect. 

Water, 10 gals.; stone lime, 20 lbs. ; tlour of sulphur, 2 lbs. Boil 
in an iron kettle; after settling, the clear part is to be poured off and 
sprinkled, freely, upon the weedy walks. 

Care must be taken, for it will destroy weeds; and as certainly 
destroy edgings and border flowers, if sprinkled on them. 

CEMENTS— Cement for China, etc., which stands Fire and 
Water. — With a small camel's-hair brush, rub the broken edges with a 
little carriage oil-varnish. 

If neatly put together, the fracture will hardly be perceptible, 
and when thoroughly dr}^ will stand both tire and water. 

2. Russi.in Cement. — Much is said about cements; but there is 
probably nothing so white and clear, and certainly nothing better than 
the following: 

Russian isinglass dissolved in pure soft water, snow water is best; 
— for it taKes 12 houra,to soften it by soaking in pure soft water, then 
considerable heat to dissolve it, after which it is applicable to statuary, 
china, slass, alabaster, etc., etc. 

In all cements the pieces must be secured until dry. It is easy to 
reason that if twelve to fifteen hours are required to soften this isin- 
glass, that no dish-washing will ever effect it. You may judge from 
the price whether j^ou get the Kussian, for thirty-seven cents per 
ounce, is as low as the genuine article can be purchased in small quan- 
tities, whilst the common, bear a price of only ten to twelve cents, and 
even less. 

3. Cement, Cheap and Ynluable. — A durable cement is made by 
burning oyster-shells and pulverizing the lime from them very fnie ; 
then mixing it with white of egg to a thick paste and applying it to the 
china or glass, and securing the pieces together until dry. 

When it is dry, it takes a very long soaking for to become soft again. 
I have lifted thirty pounds by the stem of a wine-glass which had been 
broken, and mended with this cement. Common lime will do, but it 
is not so good; either should be fresh burned, and only mix what is 
needed, for when once dry you cannot soften it. 

4. Cement — Water-Proof, for Cloth or Belting.— Take ale, 1 pt. ; 
best Russian isinglass, 2 ozs. ; put them into a common glue kettle and 
boil until the isinglass is dissolvei.1 ; then add 4 ozs. of the best common 
glue, and dissolve it with the other ; then slowl}'" add \% ozs. of boiled 
linseed oil, stirring all the time while adding, and until well mixed. 
When cold it will resemble India-rubber. When you .wish to use this, 
dissolve what you need in a sufficient quantity of ale, to have tlie con- 
sistence of thick glue. It is applicable for earthenware, china,glass or 



Miscellaneous Deparfmejit. 565 

leather; for harness; bands for machinery; cloth belts for cracker 
machines for bakers, etc., etc. If for leather, shave off as if for sevvins*, 
apply the cement with a brush while lioU laying a weight to keep each 
joint firmly for 6 to 10 hours, or over night. 

This cement will supersede " Spauldin^'s Prepared Glue, " and all 
the white cement you can scare up, if j^ou use good articles to make it 
of, — not less than thirty or forty cents a pound for common glue, and 
three shillings per ounce for the Russian isinglass, but the expense of 
this will cause itonly tobe used when dampness is to be contended with. 

If you have not a glue kettle take an oyster can and punch some holes 
through the top of it putting in a string to suspend it ona stick in a com- 
mon kettle of boiling water, and keep it boiling in that way. 

5. Cement, or Furniture Glue, for House Use.— To mend 
marble, wood, glass, china and ornamental ware — take water, 1 gal. ; 
nice glue, 3 lbs. ; white lead, 4 ozs. ; whisk}-, 3 qts. 

Mix by dissolving the glue in the water ; remove from the fire and 
stir in the white lead, then add the whisky, which keeps it fluid, except 
in thecohlest weather. Warm and stiric up when applied. 

6. White Cement. — Take white (fish) glue, 1 lb. 10 ozs. ; dry 
white lead, 6 ozs. ; soft water, 3 pts. ; alcohol, 1 pt. 

Dissolve the glue by putting it into a tin kettle, or dish, containing 
the water, and set this dish into a kettle of water to prevent the o"lue 
from being burned; when the glue is all dissolved, put in the lead*^ind 
stir and boil until all is thoroughly mixed; remove from the fire, and 
when cool enough to bottle, add the alcohol, and bottle while it is yet 
warm, keeping it corked. This last recipe has sold about the country 
for from twenty-five cents to five dollars and one man gave a horse for it. 

7. German Cement. — Two measures of litharge, and one each of 
unshicked lime and flint glass; each to be pulverized separately before 
mixing ; tlien to use it, wet it up with old dr3'ing-oil. 

The Germans use it for glass and china ware only. Water hardens 
it instead of softening. 

§. Scrap-Book Paste, or Cement. — A piece of common glue, 2 
square inches; dissolve it in water, adding as much pulverized alum, in 
weight, as of the glue; now mix flour 3^ tea-spoon in a little water; 
stir it in and boil. When nearly cool stir in oil of lavender, two teaspoons. 

This should make a pint of paste, which will keep a long time if 
tightly covered when not in use. 

Cement— Preventing Leaks about Chimneys, etc. — Dry sand, 1 
pt ; ashes, 2 pts.; clay dried and pulverized, 3pts, ; all to be pulverized 
and mixed into a paste with linseed-oil. 

Apply it while soft, as desired, and when it becomes hard, water 
will have no effect upon it. It may be used for walks, and I think it 
would do well in cisterns, and on roofs, etc. 

MAGIC PAPER— Used to Transfer Figures in Embroidery, or 
Impressions of Leaves, for Herbariums. — Take lard oil, or sweet oil, 
mixed to the consistence of cream, with either of the following paints, 
the color of which is desired: Prussian blue, lamp black Venitian 
red or chrome green, either of which should be rubbed with a knife, on 
a plate or stone until smooth. U?e rather thin, but firm paper ; put on 
with a sponge and wipe oft' as dry as convenient; then lay them be- 
tween uncolored paper or between newspapers, and press by laying 
books or some other flat substance upon them, until the surplus oil is 
absorbed, when it is ready lor use. 

Directions. — For taking oft' paterns of embroidery, place a piece of 
thin paper over the embroidery to prevent soiling ; then lay on the 



566 Dr, Chase' s Recipes. 

magic paper, and put on the cloth you wish to take the copy on, to em- 
broider; pin fast, and rub over with a spoon handle ; and every part of 
the raised figure will show upon the plain cloth. To take impressions 
of leaves on paper place the leaf between two sheets of this paper, and 
rub over it hard, tlien take the leaf out and place it between two sheets 
of white paper ; rub again, and you will have a beautiful impression of 
both sides of the leaf or flower. Persons traveling without pen or ink, 
can write with a sharp stick, placing a sheet of this paper over a sheet 
of white paper. 

RAT DESTROYERS— Rat Exterminator.— Flour, 3 lbs. ; water 
only sufficient to make it into a thick paste ; then dissolve, phosphorus, 
1 oz., in butter, 13^ oz. by heat. Mix. 

This you will leave, thickly spread on bread, where rats can get 
at it ; or make into balls, which is preferable, coveied or rolled with 
sugar. If it is desired to sell this article and you wish to color to 
hide its composition, work into it pulverized tumeric, 2 ozs. Or, 

2. Take warm water, 1 qt. ; lard 2 lbs. ; phosphorus, 1 oz. Mix, 
and thicken with flour. 

It is found best to make only in small quantities, as the phosphorus 
loses its power by exposure. Some will object to killing rats about the 
house ; but I had rather smell W\^\v dead carcasses than taste their tail- 
prints, left on everything possible for them to get at, or suff"er loss 
from their ^00^/i-prints on all things possible for them to devour or de- 
stroy. 

3. Death for the Old Sly Rat. — Some rats get so cunning that 
it is almost impossible to overcome their shrewdness. 

Then get a few grains of strychnine, having a little fresh lean meat 
boiled; cut it into small bits by using a fork to hold it, for if held by 
the fingers they will smell them and not eat it; — cutting with a sharp 
pen-knife ; then cut a little hole into the bits, and put in a little of 
the strychnine, and close up the meat together again. 

Put these on a plate where they frequent, but not near their holes, 
laying apiece of paper over the meat ; when this is eaten put more, for 
three or four days, and you are soon done with the wisest of them. 

4. Rats — To Drive Away Alive. — If you choose to drive them 
away alive, take potash pulverizd, and put quite plenty of it into all 
their holes about the house. If the potash is pulverized and left in the 
air, it becomes pasty ; then it can be daubed on the boards or planks, 
where they come through into rooms. 

They will sooner leave, than be obliged to have a continual re-ap- 
plication of this ''Doctor Stuff," every time they go through their 
holes. See *' Potash to make." 

5. Scotch snutt", or pulverized cayenne pepper, mixed together, or 
separate; if freely put into their burrovving-holes, will certainly send 
them off, at a sneezing pace. 

6. Rat Poison — From Sir Humphrey Davy. — A tasteless, odorless 
and infalliule rat ])oison, he says, is made as follows: 

" Mix carbonate of barytes, 3 ozs., with grease 1 lb." 
It produces great thirst, consequently water must be set by it, for 
death takes place immediately after drinking, not giving them time to 
go back to their holes. I obtained this at such a late day, that I have 
not had an opportunity of testing it. Be sure no other animal can get 
it, except i-ats and mice; for it is a most deadly poison. Should this 
be to md as effectual as recommended, it will prove just the thing for 
rat-killing, as they can be gathered up and carried away, thus avoiding 
the stench arising from their dead carcasses. 



Miscellaneous Department, 567 

FISH— Art of Catching.— Mix the juice of lovage or smellap^e, with 
any kind of bait, or a few drops of the oil of rhodium. India cockle al- 
so, (Coculuslndicus,) is sometimes mixed with Hour dough and sprin- 
kled on the surface of still water. This intoxicates the lish and makes 
them turn up on top of the water. Mullein seed, pulverized, and used 
in the place of India cockle is about equal to that article. 

They may be eaten without fear, but this will destroy many fish. 
Oil of rhodium is the best plan. 

"It is generally supposed," says Mr. K. I. Pell, '* that fish are not 
possessed of the sense of smell. From the following experiments I 
am convinced they are : I placed a hook, well baited with an angle- 
worm, enticingly before a perch weighing one and a half pounds ; he 
did not take the least notice of it. It was withdrawn, and a drop of 
rhodium brought in contact with it. when it was dropped very careful- 
Ij'- several feet behind him; he immediately turned and seized the bnit. 
This experiment was several times repeated, with like success. It has 
been denied that fish have the sense of hearing. I find many varieties 
very sensitive to noise, and by numerous experiments am convinced 
that their sense of hearing is acute. " 

STRAW AXD CHIP HATS— To Varnish Black.— Best alcohol, 4 
ozs. ; pulverized black sealing-wax, 1 oz ; put them into a vial, and put 
the vial into a warm place, stirring or shaking occasionally, until the 
wax is dissolved ; apply it when warm by means of a soft brush, be- 
fore the fire or in the sun. 

It gives stiffness to old straw hats or bonnets, makes a beautiful 
gloss, and resists wet ; if any thing else is required, just apply it to small 
baskets also, and see how nicely tiiey will look. 

2. STRAW BONNETS— To Color a Beautiful Slate.— First soak 
the bonnet in rather strong warm suds for fifteen minutes, this is to 
remove sizing or stiffening ; then rinse in warm water to get out the 
soap ; now scald cudbear, 1 oz., in sufiicient water to cover the hat or 
bonnet — work the bonnet in this dye at 180 degrees of heat, until you 
get a 1 ight purple ; now have a bucket of cold water blued with the extract 
of indigo, about 3^ oz., and work or stir the bonnet in this, until the 
tint pleases. 

Dry, then rinse out with cold water and dry again, in the shade. 
If 5''ou get the purple too deep in shade, the final slate will be too dark. 
See ''Extract of Indigo orChemic. " 

STLXCO PLASTERING— For Brick and Gravel Houses.— First 
make up as mnch mortar as you need for the job, with good common 
lime; using only y^ or four-fifths at most, as much lime as needed for 
common work— the other fourth or fifth is to be water lime ; and not 
to be put in only as used. The sand must be coarse, and free from loam 
or dirt. 

To prepare the white and colored washes, run ofl' common lime 
enough with hot water, to make a white-wash to go over the whole 
job. ^ This wliite-wash is to be colored the tint desired for the work. 
Be suie to make color-wash enough at one time, or you will find it 
hard to get tlie shades alike; saving a little of the whitewash without 
color, to pencil the seams, and also for specking, as mentioned below. 
The colors used are lamp-black, Spanish-brown, or Venetian-red, as 
preferred, and these are cut or dissolved in whisky; then putting into 
the white-wash to suit. 

When these washes are all prepared, wet up as much of the mortar 
as can be put on in 20 to 40 minutes, and mix in the fourth or fifth of 
the cemennt, and put on as fast as possible ; first wetting the wall very 



568 Dr. Chasers Recipes. 

wet with water. Some cement will set in 20 and some in 40 to 50 min- 
utes. When you see the tune necessary for the kind you are using, act 
according!}', and only mix the cement into as much mortar as your 
help will put on before it sets; beginning at the top of the wall with 
your scaffolding and working down, which prevents too much specking 
from the colors. Have a man to follow right after with a float, keeping 
the stucco very wet wiiile floating down level and smooth; and the 
longer it is floated and wet tlie better will be the job. Even after it is 
floated down well, keep a man wetting it with a brush until you get 
the whole line on, around tlie house, as the water-lime must be kept 
quite wet for some considerable time, to set properly. Heed tiiis cau- 
tion, and if water never gets in behind the plastering from bad cornice 
or leaky roofs, it will never peel ott'. When this line of scaffolding is 
plastered, take out enough of the color-wash, runninir it through a 
sieve, and go over tlie plastering; lamp-black alone gives it a bluish 
slate color; if a little of the brown is added with the black, it will be a 
little reddish, and if the red isused without the brown, it will be quite 
red. I preter sufficient of the black only to make a gray stone color. 
A brown, however, looks exceedingly well. If you choose, you can 
make one-half of the color-wash darker than the other — having laid it 
off into blocks resembling stone, by meansof a straight-edge, and a 
pier-e of board about half an inch thick, paint every other block with 
the darker wash to represent diffierent shades of stone. Some of our 
best buildings are done in this way, and look well. 

Then to give it a granite appearance, take a small paint brush and 
dip it into the whitewash, saved for this purpose; strike it across 
a hammer-handle so as to throw the specks from the brush upon the 
wall, then the same with black and red. Pencil the seams with the 
white wash, which gives it the appearance of mortar, as in real stone- 
work. 

Now you are ready to move down the scaflbld and go over the 
same thing as before. After the colors have been dissolved with spir- 
its, they can be reduced with water, or what is better for them and the 
color-wash also, is skimmed-niilk; and where milk is plenty, it ought 
to be used in place of water, for whitewash or color-washes, as it helps 
to resist the weather, and prevents the colors from fading — see "Paint, 
to make without Lead or Oil, " which gives you the philosophy of using 
milk. Speck quite freely with the white, then about half as much with 
the black, and then rather free again with the red. The proportion of 
lime, probably, should not exceed one, to six or seven of sand. Our 
University buildings, represented in the frontispiece except the Labor- 
atory, and Law-building, which have been more recently put up, are 
finished with it, also whole blocks in the business part of the city. 

Prof. Douglass' house is probably the prettiest color of any in the 
city — an imitation of " Free-stone, " made with lamp-black, yellow 
ochre, and a larger proportion of Spanish brown. But all will have a 
preference for some special color; then, with a little ingenuity and pa- 
tience, nearly anv colored stone can be imitated. 

GRAVEL HOUSES— To Make— Proportions of Lime, Sand, and 
GraveL — It has become quite connnon to put up gravel houses; and 
many persons are at a great loss to know what proportion of materials 
to use. — Various proportions have been proposed ; but from the fact 
that the philosophy was not explained, no real light was given upon 
the subject. 

All that is requu'ed to know, is that sand and lime are to be used 
in proportion to the size of the gravel, — say for 15 bushels of clean 



Miscellaneous Department, 569 

g:ravel, from the size of peas up to that of hen's egf^s, it will take about 
3 bushels of clean, sharp sand and 1 of lime to till the crevices without 
swelling the bulk of tlie <?ravel. If tliegravel is coarse, up to 5 bushels 
of sand may be required, but the lime will not need to be increased 
but very little, if any. Then the philosophy of the thing is this — about 
1 to 134 bushels of lime to 15 bushels of gravel, and just sand enough 
to fill the crevices without increasing the bulk as above mentioned. 

If the gravel is free of dirt, the sand also clean, and the weather 
drj'', the walls can be raised 1 foot each day, if you have help to do 
that amount of labor. 

Some prefer to make the gravel and sand into mortar and press it 
into bricks; then lay into walls, but the wall must be stronger if laid up 
solid, in board frames, made to raise up as required. 

Many persons argue for the eight-square or octagon house; but I 
like the square form much the best, canying up tiie hall and main 
partition walls of the same material. The eight-square house looks like 
an old fort, or water tank, and is very expensive to finish ; costing 
much more than the same room with square angles ; for mechanics 
cannot put up cornice outside, or in, in less than double the time re- 
quired for making the common square mitre. 

Prof. Winchell, of the University, and State Geologist, in thiscitj'-, 
has put up one of tlie octagons which looks well, however, for the style 
of finish is what attracts attention, instead of the style of form, 

WHITEWASH AND CHEAP PAINTS— Brilliant Stucco White- 
wash — Will Last on Brick or Stone, Twenty to Tliirty Years. — Many 
have heard of the brilliant stucco whitewash on the east end of the 
President's house at Washington. The following is a recipe for it, as 
gleaned from the Naticnnl Intelligencer^ with some additional improve- 
ments learned by experiments: 

Nice unslackcd lime, 3^ bushel; slack it with boiling water; cover 
it during the process, to keep in the steam. Strain the liquid through 
a fine sieve or strainer, and add to it salt, 1 peck ; previously well dis- 
solved in water; rice, 3 lbs., — boiled to a thin paste, and stirred in boil- 
ing hot; Spanish whiting, 3^ lb. ; clean nice glue, 1 lb., which has been 
previously dissolved by soaking it well, and then hanging it over a 
slow fire, in a small kettle, immersed in a larger one filled with water. 
Now add hot water, 5 gals., to the mixture, stir it well, and let itstand 
a few days covered irom the dirt. 

It should be put on hot. For this purpose it can be kept in a ket- 
tle on a portable furnace. Brushes more or less small, may be used, 
according to the neatness of the job required. It answers as well as 
oil paint for brick or stone, and is much cheaper. 

There is one house in our city which had this applied twelve years 
ago, and is yet nice and bright. It has retained its brilliancy over 
thirty years. 

Coloring matter, dissolved in whisky, may be put in and made of 
any shade you like; Spanish brown stirred in will make red-pink, 
more or less deep, according 10 quantit^^ A delicate tinge of this is 
very prettj'' for inside walls. Finely pulverized common clay, well 
mixed with Spanish brown, makes reddish stone color. Yellow ochre 
stirred in makes yellow wash, but chrome goes further, and makes a 
color generally esteemed prettier. In all these cases the darkness of 
the sluide, of course, is determined by the quantity of the coloi-ing used. 
It is difilcult to make rules, because tastes are different — it would be 
best to try experiments on a shingle and let it dry. Green must not be 
mixed with lime. The lime destroys the color/ and the color has an 



57© Df. Chase s Recipes. 

effect on the whitewash, which makes it crack and peel. When inside 
walls have been badly smoked, and you wish to make them a clean, 
clear white, it is well'to squeeze indigo plentifully through a bag into 
the water you use, before it is stirred into tlie whole mixture, or blue 
vitriol pulverized and dissolved in boiling water and put into white- 
wash, gives a beautiful blue tint. If a larger quantity than live gallons 
be wanted, the same proportions should be observed. 

2. Whitewash— Very Nice for Rooms. — Take whiting, 4 lbs. ; 
white or common glue, 2 ozs. ; stand the glue in cold water over night; 
mix the whiting with cold water, and heat the glue until dissolved; and 
pour it into the other, hot. Make of a proper consistence to apply with 
a common whitewash brush. 

Use these proportions for a greater or less amount. In England, 
scarcely any other kind of whitewash is used. 

A lady of Black River Falls, Wis., who had one of my books wrote 
to me, expressing her thankfulness for thebeauty of this whitewash. 

Paint— To make without Lead or Oil.— Whiting, 5 lbs.; skimmed 
milk, 2 qts. ; fresh slacked lime, 2 ozs. Put the lime into a stone-ware 
vessel, pour upon it a suthcient quantity of the milk to make a mixture 
resembling cream; the balance of the'milk is then to be added; and 
lastly the whiting is to be crumbled upon the surface of the fluid, in 
which it gradually sinks, At this period it must be well stirred in, or 
ground as you would other paint, and it is fit for use. 

There may be added any coloring matter that suits the fanc3% (see 
the first whitewash for mixing colors.) to be applied in the same n)an- 
ner as other paints, and in a few hours it will become perfectly dry. 
Another coat may then be added and so on until the work is done. 
This paint is of great tenacit}^, bears rubbing with a coarse cloth, has 
little smell, even when wet, and when dry is inodorus. The above is 
suflScient for 57 yards. — Annapolis RepuhUcan. 

" We endorse the recipe. The casein or curd of the milk, ]>y the 
action of the caustic-lime, becomes insoluble, and has been used, for 
time immemorial, as a lute for chemical experiments. It is a good, 
and in comparison with white lead, a durable paint." — Moore's Rural 
New Yorker. 

Most of the cheap paints will require about three coats. White 
lead always requires two, but some people think because tiiey get a 
cheap paint that one coat ought to make a good job. Two will gener- 
ally do with any except white. 

4. White Paint— A new Way of Manufacturing:,— The following 
was communicated by a man who was formerly a carpenter in the U. 
S. Navy: 

" During a cruise in the South Pacific we went into the harbor of 
Coquimbo; and as the ship had been out a long time, she was covered 
with rust from stem to stern. It was the anxious wish of the com- 
mander that she should be restored to her original colors; but on ex- 
amining the store-room, it was ascertained that there was not a pound 
of white lead in the ship. In this emergency I bethought me of an ex- 
pedient which concocted an admirable substitute, composed of the fol- 
lowing ingredients: 

" Air-.slacked lime, pulverized until it was of the fineness of flour, 
which was then passed through a sieve. Rice boiled in a hirge kettle 
nntilthe substance was drawn entirely out of the grain; the water, then 
of a plastic nature, was strained to separate the grain, etc , from the 
clear liquid. A tub, about the size of a half barrel, of ti'e prepared 
lime and rice-water, was mixed with one gallon of linse^d-oil ; and 



Miscellaneous Department. 571 

the material had so much the appearance of paint that a novice could 
not have told the difference 

*'The ship was painted outside and inboard with the above mix- 
ture (which cost next to notliin^,) and never presented a finer white 
streak on her bends, or clearer bulwarks and berth-deck than on that 
occasion, and no other kind of white paint was used during the remain- 
der of the cruise." 

If this is good for ships out and Inboard, it is worth trying for fen- 
ces and out- work requiring a cheap white paint. 

5. Black and Oreea Paiut— Durable and Cheap, for Out-Door 
Work. — Any quantity of charcoal, powdered; a sufficient quantity of 
litharge as a dryer, to be well levigated (rubbed smooth) with linseed- 
oil ; and when used, to be thinned with well boiled linseed-oil. The 
above forms a good black paint. 

By adding yellow ochre, an excellent green is produced, which is 
preferable to the bright green, used by painters, for all garden work, 
as is it does not fade with the sun. 

This composition was first used by Dr. Parry, of Bath, on some 
spouts ; which, on being examined, fourteen years afterwards, were 
found to be as perfect as when first put up. 

6. Milk Paint, for Barns— Any Color.—" Mix water lime with 
skim-milk, to a proper consistence to apply with a brush, and it is ready 
for use. It will adhere well to wood, whether rough or smooth, to 
brick, mortar, or stone, where oil has not been used." (in which case it 
cleaves to some extent,) and forms a very hard substance, as durable 
as the best oil paint. It is too cheap to estimate, and any one can put 
it on who can use a brush." — Country Gentleman. 

Any color may be given to it, by using colors of the tinge desired, 
dissolving in whisky first, the adding in to suit the fancy, as in the first 
recipe. 

If a red is preferred, mix in Venitian-rcd with milk, not using any 
lime. It looks well for fifteen vears. 

LIQUID, AND WATER-PROOF GLUES.— Liquid Glue.— To have 
a good glue always ready for use, just put a bottle two-thirds full of 
best common glue, and fill up the bottle with common whisky; cork it 
up, and set by for 3 or 4 days, and it will dissolve without the application 
to heat. 

It will keep for years, and is always ready to use without heat, ex- 
cept in very cold weather, when it may need to be set a little while in 
a warm place, before using. 

2. Imitation of Spalding's Glue. — First, soak in cold water all 
the glue you wish to make at one time, using only glass, earthen, or 
procelain dishes; then by gentle heat dissolve the glue in the same wa- 
ter, and pour in a little nitric acid, sufficient to give the glue a sour taste, 
like vinegar, or from 3^ oz. to 1 oz. to each pound of ghie. 

The acid keeps it in a liquid state, and prevents it from spoiling ; 
as nice as Spalding's or any other, for a very trifling expense. If iron 
dishes are used, the acid corrodes them and turns the glue black. Or : 

3. Acetic acid, 1 oz. ; pure soft water, 6 ozs. ; glue, 3 ozs.; gum 
tragacanth, 1 oz. Mix, and if not as thick as desired, add a little more 
glue. 

This keeps in a liquid state, does not decompose; and is valuable 
for Druggists in labeling; also for house use; and if furniture men 
were not prejudiced, they would find it valuable in the shop. 

4. Water-Proof Glue — Is made by first soaking the glue in cold 
water, for an hour or two, or until it becomes a little soft, yet retain- 



572 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 

ing its original form ; then taking it from tlie water and dissolving it 
by gentle heat, stirring in a little boiled linseed-oil. 

If mahogany veneers were put on with this glue, they would not 
fall off, as they now do, by the action of the atmosphere. 

FIllE KINDLERS.— To make very nice tire kiiidlers, lake resin, 
any quantity, and melt it, putting in for each i)Ouud being nsed, from 
2 to 8 ozs. of tallow, and when all is hot, stir in pine saw-dust to make 
very thick; and, while yet hot, spread it out about 1 inch thick, upon 
boards which have fine saw-dust sprinkled upon them, to prevent it 
from sticking. When cold, break up into lumps about 1 inch square. 
But if for sale, take a thin board and press upon it, while yet warm, 
to lay it off into 1 inch squares; this makes it break regularly, if you 
press the crease sutHciently deep, greasing the marking-board to pre- 
vent it from sticking. 

One of these blocks will easily ignite with a match, and burn with 
a strong blaze long enough to kindle any wood lit to burn. The above 
sells readily in all our large towns and cities at great profit. 

2. Most of the published recipes call for resin, 3 lbs. ; tar, 1 qt. ; 
and 1 gill of turpentine; but they make a black, sticky mess of stuff, 
which always keeps the hands daubed. On the other hand, this makes 
a resin-colored kindler, which breaks nicely also when cold ; and they 
are decidedly a nice thing ; and much more certain to start a fire than 
shavings. If the tar plan is used, 1 pt. is enough for 5 lbs. of resin. 

STARCH POLISH.— White- wax, 1 oz. ; spermaceti, 2 ozs. ; melt 
them together with a gentle heat. 

Wlien you have prepared a sufficient amount of starch, in the usual 
way, for a dozen pieces — put into it a piece of the polish the size of a 
large pea; more or less, according to large or small washings. Or, 
thick gum solution (made by pouring boiling water upon gum arable,) 
one table spoon to a pint of starch, gives clothes a beautiful gloss. 

PERCUSSION MATCHES— Of the Best Quality.- Chlorate of 
potash, %\h.\ glue, 3 lbs.; white lead, dry, 5 lbs. ; red lead, % lb. ; 
phosphorus, 2^ lbs. Directions. — First put the chlorate into a dish 
made for the purpose, deep, and of a suitable size to set into a kettle of 
water, which can be kept on the fire for 2 or 3 days, having 2 qts. of 
water on the chlorate; then put tiie glue on top of the chlorate water, 
and let soak, until all is perfectly dissolved ; then add the leads and 
heat up quite hot, and thoroughly mix; let cool, and add the phos- 
phorus, let it dissolve and be careful never to heat hot after the phos- 
phoius is added; stir occasionally when dipping, and if little particles 
of phosphorus fires, push it down into the mixture, or put on warm 
water; if you put on cold water it will fly all over you. Keep it rather 
thin after the phosphorus is put in, and there will be no danger ; al- 
though the chlorate of potash is considered a dangerous article to work 
with; so is powder, yet when you know how to work with them, you 
can do as safely with one as the other. When dry give them a coat of 
varnish. 

I have been acquainted with a man for about fourteen years who 
niakes them, and several others for a less time, without trouble or ac- 
cident. A better match was never made to stand dampness, or bear 
transportation without setting on fire. I have used and sold them 
much of the time, and speak from knowledge. One explosion has 
since taken place. 

The plan i^ursued here in preparing the splints is as follows: — 
Sawed pine timber from four to eight inches each way, is cut off the 
right length for the match, then one end of it is shaved smooth with a 



Miscellaneous Department. 



573 



drawin,:^-kiiife; the block is held upon the horse by a brace from the 
top of the horse head against the backside of the block, so as to be out 
of the way of the knife instead of piittin": the block under the jaws of 
the horse head, as the dents made in the end of match timber would not 
answer; the front edge comes against a strip put on for thnt purpose; 
then glue the other end and put on brown paper which holds them to- 
gether when split; machines are used to split with whicii feed up the 
block enough each time the knife is raised, to make the size of the 
match when split the other way, or about ten to the inch. These ma- 
chines cost about fifty dollars, and the work goes ahead like a young 
saw-mill, by simply turning a crank as shown in the figure. 

A A, shows two standards bolted upon a base plank, four feet in 
length; these standards support a shaft, with crank and balance wheel 
D, which is two feet in diameter; the shaft has upon it an oval wheel, 
G, which sinks the knife, F, twice in each revolution, the knife passing 
down through a space in a thin iron strip, H, standing out from the 
two blocks, C C, under which the match block passes by the drawing 
of the chain seen to pass over a small drum, P, upon the shaft of the 
rag wheel, B, the notches being only one-fourth inch apart, aul fed up 
by the hand, M, attached to the iron frame, L, being kept buck 'o the 
cam wheel, E, which has two swells upon it, by a light spring which is 
not shown. 




Match Splitting Machine. 

The hand, M, is kept down into the cogs or notches by the little spiral 
wire spring, K; the match block, to be split, sets in the frame forward of 
the block, I, which lins a pin in it to draw back the frame. When the 
block of matches is split, this frame goes forward to touch a catch, the 
same as a saw-mill, which lets another spring not seen, raise the hand, M, 
when the feeding operation ceases. The frame is then drawn back and 
the same repeated. As the match is split they open and require a 
rounding mortise made through the base plank between the blocks, C 
C, which allows them to remain in a half-circular form — the knife is 
raised by a line attached to a spring pole, T, the knife is screwed upon 
a piece of cast iron which works in the guide, N, having the back and 
end firmly fastened by a bolt through the standard, O. This knife 
stands at right angles with the shaft. When the matches are split and 



574 ^^' Chase's Recipes. 

sufficiently dry to work upon, they are clipped in melted brimstone, 
kept hot, and the match also kept hot on a sheet iron stove, and all the 
brimstone is thrown oft' which can possibly be by jerking the block 
with the hand. If any brimstone remains upon the end it must be 
scraped off before dipping into the match composition. Without the 
chlorate, the composition makes a first-class " Friction Match." It 
ought to be known, however, that the match business is an unhealthy 
occupation, from the poisonous effects of the phosphorus. 

ISTEAM BOILERS.— To Prevent Lime Deposits.— Put into your 
cistern or tank, from which the boiler is fed, a sufficient amount of oak 
tan-bark, in the piece, to color the water rather .dark ; run 4 weeks and 
renew. 

This plan has been much used in the lime-stone sections of Wash- 
ington, O., giving general satisfaction. 

2. Ohio River Plan. — Sprouts from barley, in malting, are re- 
commended by Capt. Lumm, part owner of a steamboat, and engineer 
on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, to prevent the deposit of lime upon 
boilerv, r7id he says tightens up old leaky boilers, also. It may be used 
iu qun sillies of from 3 pts. to 2 or 3 qts., according to size of boilers. 

When it is put in you must know the quantity of water in the 
boiler, for unless you heat up quite slow it causes a foaming of ihe 
water, and might deceive the engineer about the amount of water in 
the boiler, but if heat up slow there is no danger of this deception. 

3. To Prevent Explosion, with the Reason why they Explode. — 
At a recent meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Science, 
Mr. Hj^att, of New York, presented what we believe to be the true 
cause. He presented the following table, showing the rapidity with 
which pressure is doubled by only a slight increase of heat. 

At 213 degrees of heat water begins to boil ; at 868 degrees iron 
becomes of a red heat : 

212 degrees of heat, 15 pounds to square inch. 
251 " " 30 " *' 

294 " " 60 " " " 

342 •' " 120 " " " 

398 " " 240 " " " 

464 " " 480 " ''- " 

868 " *' 7680 " " " 

It was stated by Mr. Hyatt, that, from experiments he had made, this 
great increase of pressure could be obtained in six to seven minutes, with 
an engine at rest. This rapid doubling of pressure, with but a small 
increase of heat, is due to the conversion of what is termed latent heat, 
in steam, into sensible lieat. If we immerse a thernionieter into boil- 
ing water, it stands at 212 ; if we place it in steam immediately above 
the water it indicates the same temperature. The question then arises 
what becomes of all the heat which is communicated to the water, since 
it is neither indicated by the water nor by the steam formed from it? 
The answer is, it enters the water and converts into steam without 
raising the temperature. One thousand degrees of heat are absorbed 
in the conversion of water into steam, and this is called its lateiit heat. 
And it is the sudden conversion of latent heat into sensible heat that 
produces the explosion. If an engine is stopped, even if there is but a 
moderate fire, if the escape valve is closed, there is a rapid absorption 
or accumulation of latent heat. The pressure rises with great rapidity, 
and when the engineer thinks everj'thing is safe, the explosion comes. 
That this is the true cause of nearly all the explosions that occur 
will be plain to every one who will look at the relations between latent 



Miscellaneous Department. 575 

and sensible heat. Prof. Henry and Prof. Silliman, Jr., endorse the 
view. What, then, is the security against explosions? We know of 
no securities but these — a suflaciency of water in the boilers, and the 
escape valves open at light pressure, when the engine is at rest. — Spring- 
Jield Republican. 

There is no question about the foregoing explanations being found- 
ed in irwe philosophy ; and if engineers will be governed hj ih^m.^ in- 
stead of a desire to hold on to steam for the purpose of getting ahead or 
of keeping ahead, as the case may be, of some other boat; or on land, to 
save the expense of fuel, not one explosion would take place where 
now there is, at least, a hundred. 

Awful will be the reckoning with these murderers; for in Heaven's 
sight they are one and the same. 

A series of experiments have recently been concluded on the U. S. 
Steamer Michigan, and a full but voluminous report laid before the 
Navy Department, upon the subject of steam expansion. It would 
pay all interested in steam worlis to obtain and read it. 

PLUMS AND OTHER FRUIT— To Prevent Insects from Sting- 
ing. — Take new, dry lime, sulphur, and gunpowder, equal parts, pul- 
verized very fine, and throw it amongst the flowers when in full bloom; 
use it freely so that all may catch a little. 

This has been tried with success. Working upon the principle of 
pepper, to keep flies from meat. The injury to fruit being done while 
in blossom. 

BED-ROOM CARPETS— For Twelye and a Half Cents per Yard. 
— Sew together the cheapest cotton cloth, the size of the room, and tack 
the edges to the floor. Now paper the cloth as j'ou would the sides of 
a room, Avith ciieap room paper; putting a border around the edge if 
desired. The paste will stick better if a little gum arabic is mixed 
with it. When tiioroughly dry, give it two coats of furniture or car- 
riage varnish, and when dr}'' it is dowe. 

It can be washed; and looks well in proportion to the quality and 
figure of the paper used. It could not be expected to stand the wear 
of a kitchen, for any length of time, butfor bed-rooms it is well adapted. 

COFFEE— More Healthy and Better Flavored, for One-Fourth 
the Expense of Common. — Coffee, by weight or measure, one-fourth, 
rye, three-fourths. 

Look them over separately, to remove bad grains; then wash to 
remove (kist, draining off" the water for a moment as you t:ike it with 
the hands, from the washing water, putting directly into the browning 
skillet, carefully stirring, all the time, to brown it evenly. Brown 
each one separately; then mix evenly, and grind only as used; settling 
with a beaten a^^o^^ seasoning with a little cream and sugar as usual. 

And I do sincerely say the flavor is better, and it is one hundred 
per cent, more healthy than all coffee. 

You may try barley, peas, parsnips, dandelion roots, etc., but none 
of their flavors are equal to rye. Yet all of them are more or less used 
for coffee. 

PICKLING FRUITS AND CUCUMBERS— Pickling Apples.— 
Best vinegar, 1 gal. ; sugar, 4 lbs.; apples, all it will cover handsomely; 
cinnamon and cloves, ground, of each, 1 table-spoon. 

Pare and core the apples, tying up the cinnamon and cloves in a 
cloth and putting with the apples, into the vinegar and sugar and 
cooking until done, only. Keep in jars. They are nicer than pre- 
serves, and more healthj^ and keep a long time; not being too sour, 
nor too sweet, but an agreeable mixture of the two. It will be seen 



576 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 

below that the diflferent fruits require different quantities of sugar and 
vinegar, the reason for it, is, the diflference in the fruit. 

2. Pickling Peaches. — Best vinegar, 1 qt. ; sugar, 4 lbs.; peaches, 
peeled and stoned, 8 lbs.; spices as desired, or as for apples. 

Treat every other way as apples. If they should begin to ferment, 
at any time, simply boil down the juice; then boil the peaches in it for 
a few minutes only. 

3. Peaches — To Peel. — In peeling small peaches with a knife, 
too much of the peach is wasted; but by having a wire cage, similar to 
those made for popping corn; fill the cage with peaches and dip it into 
boiling water, for a moment, then into cold water for a moment and 
empty out; going on in the same way for all you wish to peel. This 
toughens the skin and enables you to strip it off, saving much in labor, 
and'also the waste of peach. Why not, as well as tomatoes? 

4. Picklina: Plums,— Best vinegar, 1 pt. ; sugar, 4 lbs. ; plums, 8 
lbs. ; spices to taste. 

Boiling them in the mixture until soft; then take out the plums, 
and boil the syrup until quite thick and pour it over them again. 

5. Pickling Cucumbers.— Pick each morning; stand in weak 
brine 3 or 4 days, putting in mustard pods and horse-radish leaves to 
keep them green. Then take out and drain, covering with vinegar 
for a week; at which time take out and drain again, putting into new 
vinegar, adding mustard seed, ginger root, cloves, pepper and red pep- 
per pods, of each about 1 or 2 ozs. ; or to suit different tastes, for each 
barrel. 

The pickles will be nice and brittle, and pass muster at any man's 
table, or market. And if it was generally known that the greenness of 
pickles was caused by the action of the vinegar on the copper kettle, 
producing ix poison^ (verdigris,) in which they are directed to be scalded, 
I think no one would wish to have a nice looking pickle at the expense 
of health; if they do, they can continue the bad practice of scalding; 
if not, just put your vinegar on cold, and add your red peppers, or 
cayennes, cloves, and other spices, as desired; bat the vinegar must be 
changed once, as the large amount of water in the cucumber reduces 
the vinegar so much that this change is absolutely necessary; and if 
they should seem to lose their sharp taste again, just add a little mo- 
lasses, or spirit, and all will be right. 

SANDSTONE— To Preyent Scaling by Frost.— Raw linseed-oil, 2 
or 3 coats. 

Apply in place of paint, not allow the first coat to get entirely dry 
until the next is applied; if it does, a skin is formed which prevents 
the next from penetrating the stone. Poorly burned brick will be 
equallv well preserved by the same process. 

SEALING WAX— Red, Black aud Blue.— Gum Shellac, 8 ozs.; 
Venice turpentine, 4 ozs.; Vermillion, 2% ozs.; alcohol, 2 ozs.; cam- 
phor gum, % oz. Dissolve the camphor in the alcohol, then the shellac, 
adding the turpentine, and finally the vermillion, being very careful 
that no blaze shall come in contact with its fumes; for if it does, it will 
fire very quickly. 

Bliie. — SuDstitute fine Prussian-blue for the vermillion, same 
quantity. 

Black. — Lamp-black only sufficient to color. Either color must 
be well rubbed into the mixture. 

ADVICE— To Young Men and Others, out of Employment.— 
Advice. — How few there are who will lie;\r advice at all; not because 
it is advice, but from the fact that those who attempt to give it are not 



Miscellaneous Department 577 

qualified for the work they assume; or tliat they endeavor to thrust it 
upon their notice at an inappropriate time; or upon persons over whom 
no control is acceded, if claimed. But a book or paper never give of- 
fense from any of these causes ; therefore, they are always welcomed 
with a hope that real benefit may be derived from their suggestions. 
Whether that end will be attained in this case, I leave to the judg- 
ment of those for whom it is intended; hoping they may find them- 
selves sufficiently interested to give it a careful perusal, and candid 
consideration. And although my remarks must, in this work, be 
necessarily short, yet every sentence shall be a text for your own 
thoughts to contemplate and enlarge upon; and perhaps, in some 
future edition of the work, I may take room and time to give the sub- 
ject that attention which is really its due; and which would be a 
pleasure to devote to its consideration. 

First, then, let me ask why are so many young men and other 
persons out of employment ? Tlie answer is very positive as well as 
very plain. It is this — indolence, coupled with a determination that 
they will do some great thing, only. And because that great thing does 
not turn up without eff'ort, tliey are doing nothing. The point of diffi- 
culty is simply this: They look for the end, before the beginning. But 
just consider how few there are that really accomplish any great thing, 
even with a whole life of industry and economical perseverance. And 
yet most of our youth calculate that their 6e2:^V^.n^V^5' shall be among the 
greats. But as no one comes to offer them their expectations, indolence 
says wait ; and so they are still waiting. Now mind you, so long as 
your expectations are placed upon a chance offer of something very 
remunerative, or upon the assistance of others, even in a small way, so 
long will you continue to wait in vain. At this point, then, the ques- 
tion would arise, what can be done ? and the answer is equallj'- plain 
with the other. Take hold of the first job you can find, for it will not 
find you. No matter how insignificant it may be, it will be better 
than longer idleness; and when you are seen doing something for 
yourself, by those whose opinions are worth any consideration, they 
will soon offer you more and better jobs; until, finally, you will find 
something which agrees with your taste or inclination, for a life busi- 
ness. But remember that the idle never have good situations offered 
them. It is the industrious and persevering only, who are needed to 
assist in life's great struggle. 

There are a few lines of poetry called "The Excellent Man," 
which advocates the principles I am endeavoring to advance, so ad- 
mirably that I cannot deny myself the pleasure of quoting them. The 
old proverb, " God helps those who help themselves," is as true as it 
is old, and after all that is said and done, in this country, if in no 
other, a man must depend on his own exertions, not on patronage, if 
he would have or deserve success : 

"They gave me advice and counsel in store. 
Praised me and honored ra.e more and more, 
Said that I only should ' wait awhile,' 
Offered their patronage, too, with a smile. 

But with all their honor and approbation, 
I should long ago have died of starvation, 
Had there not come an excellent man, 
Who, bravely to help me along began. 

Good-fellow ! he got me the food I ate ; 

His kindness and care I shall never forget; 

Yet I cannot embrace him— though other folks can. 

For I, myself, am this excellent man, 

25 



578 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 

Up, then, and at it, for there is 

Knitting and sewing, and reaping and mowing. 
And all kinds of work for the people to do. 

To keep themselves busy, both Abram and Lizzie ; 
Begin, then, ye idle, there is plenty for you. 

When you have found a situation or a job of work, prove yourself 
honest, industrious, persevering, and faithful in every trust, and no 
fears need be apprehended of your final success. Save a part of your 
wages as a sinking fund, or rather as a floating fund, which shall keep 
your head above water in a storm ; or to enable you, at no distant day, 
to commence a business of your own. 

A poor orphan boy, of fourteen, once resolved to save half of his 
wages, which were only four dollars per month, for this purpose ; and 
actually refused, even in sickness, although really suffering for comforts, 
to touch this business fund. He was afterwards the richest man in St. 
Louis. 

His advice to young men was always this : "Goto work; save half 
your wages; no matter how small they may be, until you have what 
will enable you to begin what you wish to follow ; then begin it, stick 
to it ; be economical, prudent, and careful, and you cannot fail to prosper." 

My advice is the same, with this qualification, however ; that in 
choosing your occupation, you should be governed by the eternal prin- 
ciples of right ! never choosing that which when done, injures a fel- 
low creature more than it cau possibly benefit yourself — I mean the 
liquor traffic. But, with the feeling of St. Paul, when he saw the 
necessity of doing something different from what he had been doing, 
he cried out, " Lord, what wilt thou have me to do ? " Ask your own 
tastes, being goverened by conscience, under the foregoing principles; 
knowing that if a person has to learn a trade or business against his 
own inclination, it requires double dilligence to make only half speed, 
and hardlj'' ever meeting with success. 

The question to be settled, then, is this: Shall I work the soil; 
shall I be a mechanic, teacher, divine, physician, lawyer, merchant, 
druggist, or grocer, or shall it be soraetliing else ? Whenever you 
make up your mind what it shall be, make it up, also, to be the best 
one in that line of business. Set your mark high, both in point of 
moral purity and literary qualifications. 

If you choose any of the occupations of trade, you must save all 
that is possible for economy and prudence to do, for your beginning. 

But if you choose one of the learned professions, you must work 
with the same care and prudence until you have accumulated sufficient 
to make a fair commencement in your studies; then prosecute them in 
all faithfulness as far as the accumulated means will advance you ; 
realizing that this increase of knowledge will give you increased power 
in obtaining the further means of prosecuting your studies, necessary 
to quality you to do one thing only in life. 

Nearly all of our best men are self-made, and men of one idea; 
i. e., they have set themselves to be mechanics, physicians, lawyers, 
sculptors, etc., and have bent their whole energies and lives to fit 
themselves for the great work before them. Begin, then ; offer no ex- 
cuse. Be sure you are on the right track, then go ahead. 

•* Live for something; slothful be no longer, 

Look around for some employ ; 
Labor always makes you stronger. 

And also gives you sweetest joy. 



Miscellaneous Department. 579 

Idle hands are always weary ; 

Faithful hearts are always gay; 
Life for us, should not be dreary ; 

Nor can it, to the active, every day," 

Always remembering that industry, in study or labor, will keep 
ahead of his- work, giving time for pleasure and enjoyment; but indo- 
lence is ever behind ; being driven with her work, and no prospect of 
its ever being accomplished. 

When you have made your decision, aside from what time you 
must necessarily devote to labor, let all possible time be given to the 
study of the best works upon the subject of your occupation or profes- 
sion, knowing that one hour's reading in the morning, when the mind 
is calm and free from fatigue, thinking and talking with your com- 
panions through the day upon the subjects of which you have been 
reading, will be better than twice that time in evening reading; yet if 
both can be enjoyed, so much the better; but one of them must cer- 
tainlyl be occupied in this way. 

n uf you choose somethingin the line of mercantile or trade life, do 
sot pi t off, too long, comm encing for yourself. Better begin in a 
main way and learn, as your capital increases, how to manage a larger 
busiless. 

knew a gentleman to commence a business with five dollars, and 
in two weeks his capital was seventeen dollars, besides feeding his 
family. 

I knew one, also, to begia with sixty dollars, and in fifteen months 
he cleared over four hundred and fifty dollars, besides supporting his 
cfamily. Then he soldout, and lost all, before he again got into suc- 
essful business. 

No person should ever sell out, or quit an honorable, paying busi- 
ness. 

Those who choose a professional life, will hardly find a place in 
the West equal to the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, to obtain 
their literary qualifications. An entrance fee of ten dollars to resi- 
dents of Michigan, and twenty-five dollars to residents of other States 
and countries, with ten dollars yearly, pays for a full Literary, Law, 
Medical, or Civil Engineering course ; the first requiring four, the two 
next, two, and the last, three years. [See Frontispiece.] 

Or, in the words of the Catalogue: "The University having been 
endowed by the General Government, affords education without money 
and without price. There is no young man so poor, that industry, 
diligence, and perseverance, will not enable him to get an education 
here. 

*' The present condition of the University confirms this view of 
its character. While the sons of the rich, and of men of more or 
less property, and, in large proportion, the sons of substantial farmers, 
mechanics, and merchants, are educated here, there is also a ver}^ con- 
siderable number of young men, dependent entirely upon their own 
exertions — young men who, accustomed to work on the farm, or in the 
mechanic's shop, have become smitten with the love of knowledge, 
and are manfully working their way through, to a liberal education, 
by appropriating a portion of their time to the field or the work- 
shop." 

Persons wishing to qualify themselves for teaching in this State, 
will find the Normal School, Ypsilanti, undoubtedly preferable. 

And that none may excuse themselves from an efibrt because 
somewhat advanced in life, let me say that Dr. Eberle, who wrote sev- 



580 Dr, Chase's Recipes, 

eral valuable medical works, did not beo:in his medical studies until 
foity-five 5'ears of age; and, although I could mention many more, I 
will only add that I myself always desired to become a phj^sician, yet 
circumstances did not favor or justify my commencement until I was 
thirty eight. See the remarks following "Eye Water." 

There is no occupation, however, so free and independent as that 
of the farmer; and there is none, except parents, capable of using so 
great an influence, for good or for evil, as that of teacher. 

All might and ought, to a greater or less extent, be farmers; but 
all cannot be teachers. Then let those whose taste inclines them to 
teach, not shrink the responsibility, but fully qualify for the work; 
learning also the ways of truth and righteousness for themselves ; 
teaching it through the week-school, by action as well as by word, 
and in the Sabbath-school fail not to take their stand for the right, 
like our President dect; then when it comes your turn to assist in the 
government of the State, or nation, the people will come to your sup- 
port, as you do to your work — as they have just done to his, (1860); 
feeling as now, that the government must be safe in the hands of those 
who love God— deal honestly with their fellows — and who, in remem- 
bering the Sabbath to keep it holy themselves, are not ashamed, nor 
forget, to teach the children to love the same God, and reverence His 
Word. Only think : a Sabbath-school teacher — a raU-spUtter — a boat- 
man — President of the United States! 

Who will hereafter be afraid of common labor, or let indolence 
longer prevent their activity, when it is only those who begin with 
small things, and persevere through life, that reach the final goal of 
greatness, and, as in this case, are crowned with the greatest honor 
which man can receive — the confidence of his nation ? 

Then let i7i(fw«^ry take the place of indolence, beginning to be great 
by grappling with the small things of life. Be faithful to yourself, and 
you may reasonably expect the end shall indeed be great. 

And although it could not be expected, in a work of this kind, 
that much could or would be said directly regarding a future life, yet 
I should be recreant to my duty if I did not say a word more upon that 
subject. It shall be only a word. Be as faithful to GOD as I have 
recommended you to be to yourselves, and all things pertaining to a 
future will be equally prosperous, and glorious in their results. 

GRAMMAR IN RHYME— For the Little Folks.— It is seldom that 
one sees so much valuable matter as the following lines contain, com- 
prised in so brief a space. Every young grammarian, and many older 
heads, will find it highly advantageous to commit the *'poem" to 
memory, for with these lines at the tongue's end, none need ever mis- 
take a part of speech : 

1. " Three little words you often see, 
Are articles — a, aw, and the. 

2. A Noun's the name of any thing. 

As school, or garden, hoop, or swing. 

8. Adjectives tell the kind of Noun, 

As great, small, pretty, white, or brown. 

4. Instead of Nouns the Pronouns stand — 
Her head, his face, your arm, my hand. 

5. Verbs tell of something to be done— 
To read, count, sing, laugh, jump, or run. 



Miscellaneous Depaitment. 581 

6. How things are done, the Adverbs tell, 
As slowly t quickly i ill, or well. 

7. Conjunctions join the words together, 
As men and women, wind or weather. 

8. The Preposition stands before 
A Noun, as m or through a door. 

9. The Interjection shows surprise, 
As oh! how pretty, ah! how wise. 

The whole are called Nine Parts of Speech, 
Which reading, writing, speaking, teach. 

MUSICAL CURIOSITY— Scotch Genius iu Teaching.— A High- 
land piper having a scholar to teach, disdained to crack his brains, 
with the names of semibreves, minims, crotchety, and quavers : 

" Here, Donald," said he, " tak' yer pipes, lad, an' gie us a blast. 
So — verra weel blawn indeed; but what's a sound, Donald, without 
sense ? Ye mawn blaw forever without makin' a tune o't, if I dinna 
tell ye how the queer things on the paper maun help ye. You see that 
big fellow wi' a round, open face? (pointing to a semibreve between 
two lines of a bar.) He moves slowly from that line to this, while ye 
beat ane wi' yer fist, and gie us a long blast. If, now, ye put a leg to 
him, ye mak' twa o' him. an' he'll move twice as fast; and if ye black 
his face, he'll run four times faster than the fellow wi' the white face; 
but if, after blacking his face, ye'll bend his knee or tie his leg, he'll 
hop eight times faster than the white-faced chap I showed you first. 
Now, whene'r ye blaw yer pipes, Donald, remember this — that the 
tighter those fellows' legs are tied, the faster they'll run, and the 
quicker they're sure to dance." 

That is, the more legs they have bent up, contrary to nature, the 
faster goes the music. 



APPENDIX TO MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 
BY THE PUBLISHER. 

Business Law. — Ignorance of the law excuses no one. It is a 
a fraud to conceal a fraud. 

The law compels no one to do impossibilities. 

An agreement without consideration is void. 

Signatures made with a lead-pencil are good in law. 

A receipt for money paid is not legally conclusive. 

The acts of one partner bind all the others. 

Contracts made on Sunday cannot be enforced. 

A contract made with a minor is void. 

A contract made with a lunatic is void. 

Contracts for advertisements in Sunday newspapers are invalid. 

Principals are responsible for the acts of their agents. 

Agents are responsible to their principals for errors. 

Each individual in a partnership is responsible for the whole 
amount of the debts of tlie firm. 

A note given hy a minor is void. 

Notes bear interest only when so stated. 

It is not legally necessary to say on a note "for value received." 

A note drawn on Sunday is void. 

A note obtained by fraud, or from a person in a state of intoxica- 
tion, cannot be collected. 

If a note be lost or stolen, it does not release the maker; he must 
pay it. 

An endorser of a note is exempt from liability if not served with 
notice of its dishonor within twenty-four hours of its non-payment. 

Business Maxims. — Caution is tlie fatlier of security. 

He who pays before-hand is served behind-hand. 

If you would know the value of a dollar, try to borrow one. 

Be silent when a fool talks. 

Kever speak boastingly of your busiress. 

An hour of triumph comes at last to those who watch and wait. 

Word by word Webster's big dictionary was made. 

Speak well of your friends — of your enemies say nothing. 

Never take back a discharged servant. 

If you post your servants upon your afl^iirs, they will one day 
rend you. 

Do not waste time in useless regrets over losses. 

Systematize your business, and keep an eye on little expenses. 
Small leaks sink great ships 

Never fail to take a receipt for money paid, and keep copies of 
your letters. 

Do your business promptly, and bore not a business man with long 
visits. 

Law is a trade in which the lawyers eat the oysters and leave the 
clients the shells. 



Appendix to Miscellaneous Department. 583 

■Rothschild, the founder of the world-renowned house of Roths- 
child & Co., ascribed his success to the following: 

Never have anything to do with an unlucky man. 

Be cautious and bold. 

Make a bargain at once. 

Bugr Poison.— Proof spirit, 1 pt. ; camphor, 2 ozs. ; oil of turpen- 
tine, 4 ozs. ; corrosive sublimate, 1 oz. Mix. 

To Avoid Catching Cold.— Accustom yourself to the use of spong- 
ing with cold water every morning on first getting out of bed. It 
should be followed by a good deal of rubbing with a wet tovvel. It 
has considerable effect in giving tone to the skin, and maintaining a 
proper action in it, and thus proves a safeguard to the injurious influ- 
ence of cold and sudden changes of temperature. Sir Astley Cooper 
said: "The methods by which I have preserved my own health are- 
temperance, early rising, and sponging the body every morning with 
cold water, immediately after getting "out of bed— a practice which I 
have adopted for thirty years without ever catching cold." 

Substitute for Cement.— The white of an egg, well beaten with 
quicklime, and a small quantity of very old cheese, forms an excellent 
substitute for cement, when wanted in a hurry, either for broken china 
or old ornamental glassware. 

Cement for Broken China, Glass, etc.— The following recipe, from 
experience, we know to be a good one; and be'.ng nearly colorless, it 
possesses advantages which liquid glue and other cements do not : — 
Dissolve 3^ oz. of gum acacia in a wine-glass of boiling water; add 
plaster of Paris sutficient to form a thick piste, and apply it with a 
brush to the parts required to be cemented together. Several articles 
upon our toilet table have been repaired most effectually by this recipe. 

Capacity of Cisterns or Wells.— Tabular view of the number of 
gallons contained in the clear, between the brick-work, for each ten 
inches of depth : 

DIAMETER. GAL. 

2 feet equal 19 

2K " " 

3 " " 

3K " " 

5 " " 

6 *' " 

6K " '^ 

7K " " ****'^^^*'.v.; 



DIAMETER. GAL* 

8 feet equal 313 

'' 353 

" 396 

" 461 

" 489 

*' 592 

" 705 

" 827 

" 959 

" 1101 

" 1958 

" 3059 

Disinfectingr Fumigration. — Common salt, 3 ozs.; black manga- 
nese, oil of vitriol, of each, 1 oz. ; water, 2 ozs. ; carried in a cup 
through the apartments of the sick; or the apartments intended to be 
fumigated, where sickness has been, may be shut up for an hour or 
two, and then opened. 

Coffee a Disinfectant. — Numerous experiments with roasted coffee 
prove that it is the most powerful means, not only of rendering ani- 
mal and vegetable effiuvia innocuous, but of actually destroying them. 
A room in which meat in an advanced degree of decomposition had 
been kept for some time, was instantly deprived of all smell on an 
open coffee-roaster being carried through it, containing a pound of 



30 


w,. 


44 


9 


60 


W9, 


78 


10 


99 


11 


122 


12 


148 


13 


176 


14 


207 


15 


240 


20 


275 


25 



584 Appendix to Miscellaneous Department. 

coffee newly roasted. In another room, exposed to the efRuvium occa- 
sioned by the clearing out of the dung-pit, so that sulpliuretted hydro- 
gen and ammonia in great quantities could be chemically detected, the 
stench was completely removed in half a minute, on the employment 
of three ounces of fresh-roasted coffee, whilst the otlier parts "of tlie 
house were permanently cleared of the same smell by being simply 
traversed with the coffee-roaster, although the cleansing of the dung- 
pit continued for several hours after. The best mode of using the 
coffee as a disinfectant is to dry the raw bean, pound it in a mortar, 
and then roast the powder on a moderately heated iron plate, until it 
assumes a dark brown tint, when it is fit for use. Tlien sprinkle it in 
sinks or cesspools, or lay it on a plate in the room which you wish to 
have purified. Coffee acid or coffee oil acts more readily in minute 
quantities. 

Charcoal as a Disinfectant. — The great efficacy of wood and ani- 
mal charcoal in absorbing effluvia, and the greater number of gases 
and vapors, has long been known. 

Charcoal powder has also, during many centuries, been advan- 
tageously employed as a filter for putrid water, the object in view be- 
ing to deprive the water of numerous organic impui-ities diffused 
through it, which exert injurious eflects on the animal economy. 

It is somewhat remarkable that the very obvious application of a 
perfectly similar operation to the still rarer fluid in which we live — 
namely, the air, which not unfrequently contains even more noxious 
orgatiic impurities floating in it than those present in water — should 
have for so long a period been so unaccountably overlooked. 

Charcoal not only absorbs effluvia and gaseous bodies, but espe- 
cially, when in contact with atmospheric air, oxidizes and destroys 
many of the easily alterable ones, by resolving them into the simplest 
combinations they are capable of forming, which are chiefly water and 
carbonic acid. 

It is on this oxidizing property of charcoal, as well as on its ab- 
sorbent power, that its efficacy as a deodorizing and disinfecting agent 
chierty depends. 

Effluvia and miasmata are usually regarded as highly organized, 
nitrogenous, easily alterable bodies. When these are absorbed by 
charcoal, they come in contact with highly condensed oxygen gas, 
which exists within the pores of all charcoal which has been exposed 
to the air, even for a few minutes; in this way they are oxidized and 
destroyed. 

Flies to Destroy. — A tea-spoon of laudanum, and two table-spoons 
of water, strongly sweetened with sugar, placed in a saucer, — or dis- 
solve quassia chips in boiling water, and sweeten. Or a strong infu- 
sion of green tea, well sweetened. Or ground black pepper and sugar, 
diluted in milk, and put on plates, etc. 

Flies, To keep off. — Dust meat over with pepper, or powdered gin- 
ger, or fasten to it a piece of paper on which camphor has been well 
rubbed, or a few drops of creosote. 

Mixture for Destroying Flies.— Infusion of quassia, 1 pt. ; brown 
sugar, 4ozs.; ground pepper, 2 ozs. To be well mixed together, an 
put in small shallow dishes when required. 

To Destroy Flies in a a room, take half a tea-spoon of black pep- 
per in powder, 1 tea-spoon of brown sugar, andl table-spoon of cream, 
mix them well together, and place them in the room on a plate, where 
the flies are troublesome, and they will soon disappear. 

Flies. — Cold green tea, very strong, and sweetened with sugar, 



Appendix to Miscellaneous Department. 585 

will, when set about the room in saucers, attract flies, and destroy 
them. 

Grease and Oil, to Remove. — Make a strong lye of pearl-ashes and 
soft water; and as much unslacked lime as it will take up; stir it to- 
gether; let it settle; bottle it and stop close; have water ready to low- 
er it as used, and scour the part with it. If the liquor should lie long 
on the boards it will extract the color of them. Use care and expe- 
dition. 

Grease, to clean from Floors. — Spread over the stain a thick coat 
of soft soap , then pass a heated flat-iron a few times across it, after 
which wash immediately, flrst with Fullers' eartli water, and then 
clean water. 

Grease Spots, to remove. — The application of spirits of turpen- 
tine, and a little essence of lemon ; wash with soap and water. Some 
wash with alum water, or white soap, potass, and ox-gall, or with sour 
butter-milk mixed with strong ascetic acid. — Or apply a solution of 
magnesia. 

Grease Spots, to remove from Books. — Moisten the spot with a 
camel-hair pencil dipped in spirits of turpentine; when dry, moisten 
with spirits of wine. 

Grease, to remove from Cloth. — Soft soap, and fuller's earth, 1^ 
lb.; be at well together in a mortar, and form into cakes. The spot, 
first moistened with water, is rubbed with a cake, and allowed to dry, 
when it is well rubbed with a little warm water, and rinsed, or rubbed 
off" clean. 

Hair-Brushes and Combs, to Clean. — ^Dissolve potash in boiling 
water, and rub the brush with soap; dip the brush into the solution, 
and draw it through the comb frequently, taking care to keep the wood 
dry. Lastly, rinse the hair in cold water, and dry. 

To Prevent Moths. — In the month of April or May, beat your fur 
garments well with a small cane or elastic stick, then wrap them up n 
linen, without pressing the fur too hard, and put betwixt the folds 
some camphor in small lumps; then put your furs in this state in box- 
es well closed. When the furs are wanted for use, beat them well as 
before, and expose them for twenty-four hours to the air, whicli will 
take away the smell of the camphor. If the fur has long hair, as bear 
or fox, add to the camphor an equal quantity of black pepper in pow- 
der. 

To free Plants from Lefif-Lice.— M. Braun, of Vienna, gives the 
following as a cheap and easy mode of effecting it: — Mix 1 oz of flour 
of sulphur with 1 bushel of sawdust; scatter this over the plants 
infected with these insects, and they will soon be freed, though the sec- 
ond application may possibly be necessary. 

Paste is usually made by rubbing up flour with cold water, and 
boiling; if a little alum is mixed before boiling it is much improved, 
being less clammy, working more freely in the brush, and thinner, a 
less quantity is required, and it is therefore stronger. If required in 
a large quantity, as for papering rooms, it may be made by mixing Zy^ 
lbs. flour, ^Ib. of alum; and a little warm water ; when mixed, the 
requisite quantity of boiling water should bo poured on whilst the mix- 
ture is being stirred. Paste is only adapted to cementing paper; when 
used it should be spread on one side of the paper ; which should then 
be folded with the pasted side inwards, and allowed to remain a few 
minutes before being opened and used; this swells the paper, and per- 
mits its being more smoothlj^ and securely attached. 

Destruction of Rats. — The following recipe for the destruction 



586 Appendix to Miscellaneous Department 

of rats has been communicated by Dr. Ure to the council of the Eng- 
lish Agricultural Society, and is highlj'' recommended as the best known 
means of gettino^ rid of these most obnoxious and destructive ver- 
mni. It has been tried by several intelligent persons, and found per- 
fectly effectual. Melt hog's lard in a bottle plunged in water, heated 
to about 150 deg. of Fahr. ; introduced into 1^ oz. of phosphorus for 
every pound of lard; then add a pint of proof spirits, or whisk}'^; cork 
the bottle firmly after its contents have been heated to 150 deg., taking 
it at the same time out of the water, and agitate smartly till the phos- 
phorus becomes uniformly diffused, forming a milky-looking liquid. 
This liquid, being cooled, will afford a white compound of phosphorus 
and lard, from which the spirit spontaneously separates, and may be 
poured oft" to be used again, for none of it enters into the combination, 
but it merely serves to comminute the ])hosphorus, and diffuse it in 
very fine particles through the lard. This compound, on being warm- 
ed very gently, may be poured out into a mixture of wheat flour 
and sugar, incorporated therewith, and then flavoured with oil of rho- 
dium, or not, at pleasure. The flavor may be varied with oil of ani- 
seed, etc. This dough, being made into pellets, is to be laid in rat- 
holes. By its luminousness in the dark, it attracts their notice, and be- 
ing agreeable to their palates and noses, it is readily eaten, and proves 
certainly fatal. 

Bats* to Destroy. — Mix powdered nux vomica, with oatmeal, 
crumbs of cheese, and a quantity of lard, for a few nights omit the nux 
vomica, till they become familiar with the other food. Or, add, instead 
of nux vomica, powdered phosphorus. Mix with a piece of wood, that 
the rats may not scent your hands. Place it beyond the reach of other 
animals. The addition of a little oil of amber attracts the rats. Or, 
cut cork into very fine bits, and fry them with lard and cheese crumbs. 
When cold, add oil of amber to entice them. Or, take oil of amber, 
ox-gall, and powdered phosphorus, in equal parts, add oatmeal suffi- 
cient to form a paste, which make into little balls, and lay them near 
the places visited by rats, surround the balls with vessels full of wa- 
ter. The.smell of the oil attracts the rats; they greedily devour th.e 
balls, which make them thirstj'^, and they kill themselves with drinking 
the water. 

The asphodel is useful in driving away rats and mice, which have 
such an antipathy to this plant, that if their holes be stopped up with it 
they will rather die than pass. 

It is a good thing to put gas-tar in the runs and holes of rats. 
When once daubed with it they will come no more. 

Feed them well for a week with fresh oatmeal, ever}'- day; but nev- 
ertouch it with your hand; put it into a dish pressed down that you 
may see what they have eaten. Then mix another lot with four drops 
of oil of aniseed, or oil of rhodium; feed with this two or three da5-s 
more. Then give the following mixture: — To 4 ozs. of dry oatme.-il 
scented with 6 drops of oil of aniseed, add 3^ oz. of carbonated bar- 
ytes, or nux vomica in powder, sifted through muslin. Mix this inti- 
mately with the scented oatmeal; then la}'^ it upon the slate, or, leave 
it 24 hours for the rats to eat, Tliis kills them. Keep the mixture 
from dogs, cats, or other animals, and from children. 

Razor, to Sharpen. — Tiie simplest method of sharpening a razor 
is to put it for half an hour in water to which has been added one 
twentieth of its weight of muriatic or sulphuric acid, and after a few 
hours, set it on a hone. The acid acts as a whetstone, by corroding the 
the whole surface uniformly, so that nothing further than a smooth 
polish is necessary. 



Appendix to Miscellaneous Department, 587 

Razor, to Smooth. — Pass the razor on the inside of your hand, 
first warmiiio^ it before the tire. Or, use the strap of a soldier's knap- 
sack, or calf leather, on which some fine black lead has been rubbed 
and consolidated to a slight surface. 

Razor Strop, and Paste.— tt may be made of rough calf leather, 
two or three inches broad, or of the strap of a soldier's knap-sack. Up- 
on it spread powdered oxalic acid and candle snuffs, with a little tal- 
low. —Or spread upon it crocus martis and line tallow. — Or, emery 
ground as fine as possible, mixed with spermaceti or fine t:illow. — Or, 
glue, 3^ oz.; molasses, )£ oz. ; steep the glue in water to soften it, and 
then boil both together for a few minutes, and crocus martis. or line 
emery powder, and then spread on the leather. When you use it ap- 
ply first a drop or two of sweet oil. 

Hints Upon Spelling.— The following rules will be found of great 
assistance in writing, because they relate to a class of words about the 
spelling of which doubt and hesitation are frequentlj^ felt: 

All words of one syllable ending in Z, with a single vowel before 
it, have double I at the close: as, mi% sell. 

All words of one syllable ending in I, with a double vowel before 
it, have one I only at the close: as mail sail. 

"Words of one syllable ending in Z, when compounded, retain but 
one / each : eiSfuljU, skilful. 

Words of more than one syllable ending in I have one I only at the 
close: as, delightful, faithful-, except befall, downfall, recall,' umcell, 
etc. 

All derivatives from words ending in I have one I only: as equal- 
ity, from equal; fulness, from full ; except they end in er orly: as, mill, 
miller ; full, fully. 

All participles in m^' from verbs ending in e lose thee final: as, 
have, having; amuse, amusing; unless they come from verbs endino- in 
double e, and then they retain both: as, s^ee, seeing; agree, agreeing." 

All adverbs in ly and nouns in ment retain the e final of the primi- 
tives: as, brave, bravely ; refine, refinement; except acknowledgment, judg- 
ment, etc. 

All derivatives from words ending in er, retain the e before the r: 
as, refer, reference; except hindrance, from hinder; remembrance, fioiu 
remember; disastrous from disaster; monstrous from monster; wondrous 
from wonder; cumbrous from cumber, etc. 

Compound words, if both end not in ?, retain their primitive parts 
entire; as, millstone, changeable, raceless; except always, also, deplorable, 
although, almost, admirable, etc. 

All one-syllables ending a consonant, with a single vowel before 
it, double that consonant in derivatives: as, sin, sinner; ship, shipping; 
big, bigger; glad, gladder, etc. 

One-syllables ending in a consonant, with a double vowel before 
it, do not doubt the consonant in derivatives : as, sleep, sleepy; troop, 
trooper. 

All words of more than one syllable ending in a single consonant, 
preceded by a single vowel, and accented on the last syllable, double 
that consonant in derivatives: as, commH, committee; compel, compelled; 
appal, appalling; distil, distiller. 

Nouns of one syllable ending in y, preceded by a consonant, change 
y into ies in the plural; and verbs ending in ?/ preceded by a conso- 
nant, change y into ies in the third person singular of the present tense, 
and into ied in the past tense and past participle; as, fly, jUes; lap- 
ply, hQ applies; we reply, we replied, or have replied. If the y be pre- 



588 Appendix to Miscellaneous Depart tnent, 

ceded by a vowel, this rule is not applicable : as, hey^ ktys; I play^ he 
plays; we have enjoyed ourselves. 

Compound words whose primitive end in y change y into i: as, 

fii h^n/tit/ifiil. ' J.mifi.ln. Iniiph'n.ASS 



beauty f beautiful; lovely^ loveliness 

Weights and Measures. 

BUSHELS. LBS 

Wheat 60 

Peas 60 

Rye 59 

Oats 32 

Barley 47 

White Beans 60 

Castor Beans 46 

Clover-Sied 60 

Flax-Seed 56 

Shelled Corn 56 

Corn in the ear 70 

Irish Potatoes 60 



BUSHELS. LBS, 

Sweet Potatoes 60 

Timothy Seed 44 

Blue Grass Seed 45 

Dried Peaches 38 

Dried Apples 24 

Buckwheat 48 

Onions 57 

Salt 50 

Bran 20 

Turnips 55 

Corn-Meal 48 

Fine Salt 55 



Windsor Soap is merely the beat white soap melted, and scent- 
ed with oil of carraway, and put into moulds. 

Sig'ns of the Weather — Dew.— If the dew lies plentifullj^ on the 
grass after a fair day, it is a sign of another fair day. If not, and there 
IS no wind, rain must follow. A red evening portends fine weather; 
but if it spread too far upwards from the horizon in tlie evening, and 
especially in the morning, it foretells wind or rain, or both. When 
the sky, in rainy weather, is tinged with sea green, the rain will in- 
crease; if with deep blue, it will be showerj'. 

Clouds. — Previous to much rain falling, the clouds grow bigger, 
and increase very fast, especially before thunder. When tlie clouds are 
formed like fleeces, but dense in the middle and bright towards the 
edges, with the sky bright, they are signs of a frost, with hail, snow, or 
rain. If clouds form high in air, in thin white trains like locks of 
wool, they portend wind, and probably rain. When a general cloudi- 
ness covers the sky, and small black fragments of clouds fly under- 
neath, thej^ area sure sign of rain, and probably it will be lasting. 
Two currents of clouds always portend rain, and, in summer, thunder. 

Heavenly Bodies. — A haziness in the air, which fades the sun's 
light, and makes the orb appear whitish, or ill-detined — or at night, if 
the moon and stars grow dim, and a ring encircles the former, rain will 
follow. If the sun's rays appear like Moses' horns — if white at setting, 
or shorn of his rays, or if he goes down into a bank of clouds in the hor- 
izon, bad weather is to be expected. If the moon looks pale and dim, 
we expect rain; if red, wind ; and if of her natural colour, with a clear 
sky, fair weather. If the moon is rainy throughout, it will clear at 
the change, and, perhaps, the rain return a few days after. If fair 
throughout, and rain at the change, the fair weather will probably re- 
turn on the fourth or fifth day. 

Weather Precautions. — If the weather appears doubtful, always 
take the precaution of having an umbrella when you go out, particu- 
larly in going to church ; you thereby avoid incurring one of three dis- 
agreeables; in the first place, the chance of getting wet — or encroach- 
ing under a friend's umbrella — or beingunderthe necessity of borrow- 
ing one, consequently involving the trouble of returning it, and possi- 
bly (as is the case in nine times out of ten) inconveniencing your friend 
by neglecting to do so. 



Dr. Chase's Recipes. 589 

Bnles for Admiaisterin^ Medicines, haringr Reference to Ige 

and Sex.— For an adult (a person of 40 years), the dose of commoa 



icines is allowed about 




1 drachm, 60 


Those 


at 


20 


years, 


% 


40 






13 




K 


30 






7 




K 


20 






4 




% 


" 15 






3 




\ 


10 






2 




% 


" 7 to 8 






1 




h 


5 



For babes, under 1 year, the dose should go down by months^ at 
about the same rate as by years for those over a year. 

Again, for persons in advanced life, say from 60 years, the dose 
must begin to lessen about 5 grains, and from that on, 5 grains for each 
additional 10 years. Females, however, need a little less, generally, 
than males. 

The above rules hold good in all medicines, except castor oil, the 
proportion of which cannot be reduced so much, and opium and its 
various preparations, which must be reduced, generally, in a little 
greater proportion. 



Explanation of Medical Abbreriations, Apotliecaries' Weigrlits 
and Measures* — One pound (lb.) contains 13 ounces. 
One ounce (oz.) '• 8 drachms. 

One drachm (dr.) '* 3 scruples. 

One scruple (scr.) " 20 grains, (gr.) 

LIQUID MEASURE, 

One pint contains 10 fluid ozs., (4 gills.) 

One ounce " 8 " drs., (3^ gill.) 

One table-spoon " about % a fluid ounce. 
One tea-spoon " " 1 fluid drachm. 

Sixty drops make " 1 tea-spoon. 

Whenever a tea, or table-spoon, is mentioned, it means the same 
as it would to say spoonful; the same of cup, in fluid measures ; but 
in dry measures, where a spoon or spoonful is mentioned, the design is 
that the spoon should be taken up moderately rounding, unless other- 
wise mentioned. 



COLORING DEPARTMENT 



REMARKS. — It may be necessary to remark, and I do so here, 
once for all, that every article to be dyed, as well as everything to be 
used about dyeing, should be perfectly clean. 

In the next place, the article to be dyed should be well scoured in 
soap, and then the soap rinsed out. It is also an advantage to dip the 
article you wish to dye into water, just before putting it into the alum 
or other preparation ; for the neglect of this precaution it is nothing 
uncommon to have the goods or yarn spotted. Soft water should al- 
ways be used, if possible, and sufficient to cover the goods hand- 
Bomely. 

As soon as an article is dyed it should be aired a little, then well 
rinsed, and afterwards hung up to dry. 

When dyeing or scouring silk, or merino dresses, care should be 
taken not to wring them, for this has a tendency to wrinkle and break 
the silk. 

in putting dresses and shawls out to dry, that have been dyed, they 
should be hung up by the edge so as to dry evenly. 

Great coutidence may be placed in these coloring recipes, as the 
author iias had tJiem revised by Mr. Storms, of this city, who has been 
in the business over thirtv years. 

COLORS ON WiiOLiEN GOODS.— 1. Chrome Black— Superior to 
Any in Use. — For 5 lbs. of goods — blue vitriol, 6 ozs. ; boil it a few 
minutes, then dip the goods % of an hour, airing often; take out the 
goods, and make a dye with iogwood, 3 lbs.; boil i^ hour; dip % of 
an hour and air the goods, and dip %_ of an hour more. Wash in 
strong suds. 

N". B. — This will not impart any of its color in fulling, nor fade 
by exposure to the sun. 

2. Black on Wool— For Mixtures.— For 10 lbs. of wool— Bi- 
chromate of potash, 4 ozs.; ground argal, 3 ozs.; boil together and put 
in the wool; stir well and let it remain in the dye 4 hours. Then take 
out the wool, rinse it slightly in clear water; then make a new dye 
into which put logwood, ^% lbs. Boil 1 hour and add chamber-lye, 1 
pt., and let the wool lie in all night. Wash in clear water. 

3. Steel Mix — Dark. — Black wool — It may be natural or colored, 
10 lbs.; white wool, ].% lbs. Mix evenly together, and it will be beau- 
tiful. 

4. Snuif Brown — Dark, for Cloth or Wool. — For 5 lbs. goods — 
camwood, 1 lb.; boll it 15 minutes, then dip the goods for % of an 
hour; take out the goods, and add to the dye, fustic, %% ^bs. ; boil 10 
minutes, and dip the goods % of an hour; then add blue vitriol, 1 oz.; 
copperas, 4 ozs. ; dip again % hour ; if not dark enough, add more cop- 
peras. It is dark and permanent. 

5. Wine Color.— For 5 lbs. goods— Camwood, 2 lbs. ; boil 15 min- 
utes, and dip the goods ^ hour; boil again and dip % hour; then 



Coloring Department. 591 

darken with blue vitriol, IJ^ozs.; if not dark enough, add copperas, 
Koz. 

6. Madder Red. — To each lb. of goods — Alum, 5 ozs. ; red, or 
crcam-of -tartar, 1 oz. ; put in the goods and bring your kettle to a boil 
for % liour ; then air them and boil 3^ hour longer ; then empty your 
kettle and fill with clean water; put in bran, 1 peck; make it milk- 
warm and let it stand until the bran rises, then skim off the bran and 
put in madder, ^^ lb. ; put in your goods and heat slowly until it boils 
and is done. Wasli in strong suds. 

7. Green— On Wool or Silk, with Oak Bark.— Make a strong 
yellow dye of yellow oak and hickory bark, in equal quantities. Add 
the extract of indigo or chemic (which see), 1 table-spoon at a time, 
until you get the shade of color desired. Or: 

8. Green— With Fustic— For each lb. of goods— Fustic, 1 lb.; 
with alum, Vy^ ozs. Steep until the strength is out, and soak the goods 
therein until a good yellow is obtained; then remove the chips, and 
add extract of indigo or chemic, 1 table-spoon at a time, until the color 
suits. 

9. Blue— Quick Process.— For 2 lbs. of goods— Alum, 5 ozs. ; 
cream-of-tartar, 6 ozs. ; boil the goods in this for one hour; then throw 
the goods into warm water, which has more or less of the extract of 
indigo in it, according to the depth of color desired, and boil again 
until it suits, adding more of the blue if needed. It is quick and per- 
manent. 

10. Stocking Yarn or Wool, to Color— Between a Blue and a 
Purple. — For 5 lbs. of wool — Bi-chromate of potash, 1 oz. ; alum, 2 
ozs. ; dissolve them and bring the water to a boil, putting in the wool 
and boiling 1 hour; then throw away the dye and make another dye 
with logwood chips, 1 lb., or extract of logwood, 23^ ozs., and boil one 
hour. This also works very prettily on silk. 

N. B.— Whenever you make a clye with logwood chips, either boil 
the chips % li^^ur and pour off the dye, or tie up the chips in a bag 
and boil with the wool or other goods; or take Vy^ ozs. of the extract 
in place of lib. of the chips, is less trouble and generally the better 
plan. In the above recipe, the more logwood that is used, the darker 
will be the shade. 

11. Scarlet, with Cochineal— For Yarn or Cloth.— For 1 lb. of 
goods — Cream-of-tartar, }4. oz-; cochineal, well pulverized, 3^ oz. ; mu- 
riate of tin. 1% ozs. ; then boil up the dye and enter the goods; work 
them briskly for 10 or 15 minutes, after which boil \% hours, stirring 
the goods slowly while boiling; wash in clear water and dry in the 
shade. 

12. Pink.— For 3 lbs. of goods — Alum, 3 ozs. ; boil and dip the 
goods 1 hour; then add to the dye cream-of-tartar, 4 ozs ; cochineal, 
well pulverized, 1 oz.; boil well and dip the goods while boiling, until 
the color suits. 

13. Orange. — For 5 lbs. goods — Muriate of tin, 6 table-spoons; 
argal, 4 ozs. ; boil and dip 1 hour; then add to the dye fustic, 2^^ Ihs. ; 
boil 10 minutes, and dip % hour, and add again to the dye, madder, 1 
tea-cup; dip again 3^ hour. 

N. B.— Cochineal in place of madder makes a much brighter 
color, which should be added in small quantities until pleased. About 
2 ozs. 

14. Lac Red.— For 5 lbs. goods— Argal, 10 ozs. ; boil a few min- 
utes: then mix fine ground lac, 1 lb., with muriate of tin, 13.^ lbs., 
and let them stjind 2 or 3 hours ; then add half of the lac to the argal 



59 2 ^^' Chase' s Recipes, 

dye, and dip 3^ hour ; then add the balance of the lac and dip again 
1 hour; keep the dye at a boiling heat, until the last half-hour, when 
the dye may be cooled off. 

15. Purple.— For 5 lbs. goods — Cream-of-tartar, 4 ozs. ; alum, 6 
ozs. ; cochineal, well pulverized, 2 ozs. ; muriate of tin, 3^ tea-cup. 
Boil the cream-of-tartar, alum, and tin, 15 minutes; then put in the 
cochineal and boil 5 minutes ; dip the goods 2 hours ; then make a new 
dye with alum, 4 ozs. ; Brazil wood, 6 ozs. ; logwood, 14 ozs. ; muriate 
of tin, 1 tea-cup, with a little chemic; work again until pleased.- 

16. Silver Drab— Light.— For 5 lbs. goods — Alum, 1 small tea- 
spoon, and logwood about the same amount; boil well together, then 
dip the goods 1 hour; if not dark enough, add in equal quantities alum 
and logwood, until suited. 

17. Slate, on Woolen or Cotton— With Beech Bark.— Boil the 
bark in an iron kettle, skim out the chips after it has boiled sufficiently, 
and then add copperas to set the dye. If you wish it very dark, add 
more copperas. This is excellent for stockings. 

] §. Extract of Indigo or Chemic— To Make. — For good chemic 
or extract of indigo, take oil of vitriol, 3^ lb., and stir into it indigo, 
finely eround, 2 ozs., continuing the stirring at first for % hour; now 
cover over, and stir 3 or 4 times daily for two or three days ; then put 
in a crumb of saleratus and stir it up, and if it foams, put in more and 
stir, and add as long as it foams; the saleratus neutralizes any excess 
of acid ; then put into a glass vessel and cork up tight. It improves 
by standing. Druggists keep this prepared. 

19. Wool — To Cleanse. — Make a liquid of water, 3 parts, and 
urine, 1 part; heat it as hot as you can bear the hand in it; then put 
in the wool, a little at a time, so as not to have it crowd ; let it remain 
in for 15 minutes; take it out over a basket to drain; then rinse in 
running water, and spread it out to dry ; thus proceed in the same 
liquor; when it gets reduced fill it up in the same proportions, keeping 
it at hand heat, all the time not using any soap. 

20. Bark Colors — To Extract and Insert Light.— This recipe is 
calculated for carpet rags. In tiie first place let the rags be washed 
clean — the black or brown rags can be colored red or purple, at the 
option of the dyer; to do this, take for every 5 lbs. black or brown 
rags muriate of tin, ^4 lb.; and the lac, % lb.; mixed with the same, 
as for the lac red ; dip the goods in this dye 3 hours, boiling 3^ of the 
time; if not red enough, add more tin and lac. The goods can then 
be made a purple by r.dding a little logwood ; be careful and not get in 
but a very small handful, as more can be added if not enough. White 
rags make a beautiful appearance in a carpet, by tying them in the 
skein and coloring them red, green, or purple ; gray rags will take a 
very good green — the coloring will be in proportion to the darkness 
of mix. 

DURABLE COLORS ON COTTON.— 1. Black.— For 5 lbs. goods 
— Sumac, wood and bark together, 3 lbs. ; boil 3^ hour, and let the 
goods steep 12 hours; then dip in lime water 1^ hour; then take out 
the goods and let them drip an hour; now add to the sumac liquor, 
copperas, 8 ozs., and dip another hour; then run them through the tub 
of lime water again for 15 minutes; now make a new dye with log- 
wood, 23^^ lbs., by boiling 1 hour, and dip again 3 hours; now add bi- 
chromate of potash, 2 ozs., to the logwood dye, and dip 1 hour. Wash 
in clear cold water and dry in the shade. You may say this is doing 
too much. You cannot get a permanent black on cotton with less 
labor. 



Coloring Department. 593 

2. Sky Blue.— For 3 lbs. goods— Blue vitriol, 4 ozs. ; boil a few 
minutes ; then dip the goods 3 hours, after which pass them through 
strong lime water. You can make this color a beautiful brown by put- 
ting the goods through a solution of prussiate of potash. 

3. Lime Water, and Strong Lime Water— For Coloriugr.— Lime 
water is made by putting stone lime, 1 lb., and strong lime water, \% 
lbs., into a pail of water, slacking, stirring and letting it stand until it 
becomes clear, then turn into a tub of water, in wliich dip the goods. 

4. Blue, on Cotton or Linen— With Logwood.— In all cases, if 
new, they should be boiled in a strong soap-suds or weak lye, and 
rinsed clean ; then for cotton 5 lbs. or linen 3 lbs., take bi-chromate of 
potash, % lb. ; put in the goods and dip 3 hours, then take out and 
rinse ; make a dye with logwood, 4 lbs.; dip in this 1 hour, and let 
stand in the dye 3 or 4 hours, or till the dye is almost cold ; wash out 
and dry. 

5. Bine on Cotton— Without Logwood.— For 5 lbs. of rags- 
Copperas, 4 ozs.; boil and dip 15 minutes; then dip in strong suds, and 
back to the dye 2 or 3 times ; then make a dye with prussiate of potash, 
1 oz. ; oil of vitriol, 6 table-spoons; boil 30 minutes and rinse ; then dry. 

6. Green. — If the cotton is new, boil in weak lye or strong suds; 
then wash and dry; give the cotton a dip in the home-made blue dye- 
tub until blue enough is obtained to make the green as dark as required, 
take out, dry, and rinse the goods a little; then make a dye with fus- 
tic, %^ lb.; logwood, 3 ozs., to each lb. of goods, by boiling the dye one 
hour; when cooled so as to bear the hand, put in the cotton, move 
briskly a few minutes, and let lie 1 hour ; take out and let it thoroughly 
drain ; dissolve and add to the dye, for each lb. of cotton, blue vitriol, 
"% oz., and dip another hour ; wring out and let dry in the shade. By 
adding or diminishing the logwood and fustic, any shade of green may 
be obtained. 

7. Yellow. — For 5 lbs. of goods — Sugar of lead, 7 ozs. ; dip the 
goods 2 hours; make a new dye with bi-chromate of potash, 4 ozs.; dip 
until the color suits, wring out and dry. If not yellow enough, repeat 
the operation. 

§. Orange. — For 5 lbs. of goods — Sugar of lead, 4 ozs., boil a few 
minutes, and when a little cool put in the goods; dip 2 hours, wring 
out; make a new dye with bi-chromate of potash, 8 ozs.; madder, 2 
ozs. ; dip until it suits; if the color should be too red, take off a small 
sample and dip it into lime water, when the choice can be taken of the 
sample dipped in the lime or the original color. 

9. Red. — Take muriate of tin, % of a tea-cup; add sufficient wa- 
ter to cover the goods well, bring it to a boiling heat, putting in the 
goods 1 hour, stirring often ; take out the goods and empty the kettle 
and put in clean water, with nic-wood, 1 lb., steeping it for 3^ hour, at 
hand heat ; then put in the goods and increase the heat for 1 hour, not 
bringing to a boil at all; air the goods and dip an hour as before; 
wash without soap. 

10. Muriate of Tin— Tin Liquor.— If druggists keep it, it is best 
to purchase of them already made; but if you prefer, proceed as fol- 
lows : 

Get, at a tinner's shop, block tin ; put it in a shovel and melt it. 
After it is melted, pour it from the height of 4 or 5 feet into a pail of 
clear water. The object of this is to have the tin in small particles, so 
that the acid can dissolve it. Take it out of the water and dry it; then 
put it into a strong glass bottle; pour over it muriatic acid, 12 ozs.; 
then slowly add sulphuric acid, 8 ozs. The acid should be added about 



594 ^^' Chase' s Recipes. 

a table spoon at a time, at intervals of 5 or 8 minutes, for if you add it 
too rapidly you run the risk of breaking the bottle by lieat. After you 
have all the acid in, let the bottle stand until the ebullition subsides; 
then stop it up with a bees-wax or glass stopper, and set it away, and 
it will keep good for a year or more, or will be fit tor use in twenty- 
four hours. 

COLOltS ON SILK GOODS.— Green— Very Handsome with Oak 
Bark. — For 1 lb. of silk — Yellow oak bark, 8 ozs.; boil it % hour; turn 
otFthe liquor from the bark and add alum, 6 ozs. ; let stand until cold; 
while this dye is being made, color the goods in the blue dye-tub, a 
light blue ; dry and wash ; then dip in the alum and bark dye; if it does 
not take well, warm the dye a little. 

2. Green or Yellow— On Silk or Wool, in Five to Fifteen Min- 
utes. — For 5 lbs. of goods — Black oak bark or peach leaves, 3^ peck; 
boil well; then take out the bark or leaves, and add muriate of tin, 3^ 
tea-cup, stirring well ; then put in the goods and stir them round, and 
it will dye a deep yellow in from 5 to 15 minutes, according to the 
strength of the bark; take out the goods, rinse and dry immediately. 

N. B. — For a green, add to the above, extract of indigo or chemic, 
1 table-spoon only, at a time, and work the goods 5 minutes, and air; 
if not sufficiently dark, use the same amount of chemic as before, and 
work again until it suits. 

3. Mulberry. — For 1 lb. of silk — Alum, 4 ozs. ; dip 1 hour; wash 
out, and make a dye with Brazil wood, 1 oz., and logwood, \^ oz., by 
boiling together; dip in this 1^ hour, then add more Brazil wood and 
logwood, in equal proportions, until the color is dark enough. 

4. Black, — Make a weak dye as you would for black on woolens, 
work the goods in bi-chromate of potash, at a little below boiling heat, 
then dip in the logwood in the same way; if colored in the blue vitriol 
dye, use about the same heat. 

5. Spots— To Remove and Prevent when Coloring Black on 
Silk or Woolen. — N. B. In dying silk or woolen goods, if they should 
become rusty or spotted, all that is necessary is to make a weak lye, 
and have it scalding hot, and put your goods in for 15 minutes, or 
throw some ashes into your dye, and run your goods in it 5 minutes, 
and they will come out a jet black, and an even color, I will warrant 
it. — Storms. 

The reason that spots of brown, or rust, as it is generally called, 
appear on black cloths, is that these parts take the color faster than the 
other parts; but I have no doubt Mr. Stoi-ms' plan will remove them, 
for he regretted much to make public the information, which he says is 
not generally known. And if the precaution, given in our leading 
remarks on coloring, are heeded, there will be but verj' little danger 
of spotting at all. 

6. Light Chemic Blue. — For cold water, 1 gal., dissolve alum, 
% table-spoon, in hot water, 1 tea-cup, and add to it ; then add chemic, 
1 tea-spoon at a time, to obtain the desired color — the more chemic that 
is used, the darker will be the color. 

7. Purple.— For 1 lb. of silk — having first obtained a light blue by 
dipping in the home-made blue dye-tub, and dried, dip in alum 4 ozs,, 
to sufficient water to cover, when a little warm; if the color is not full 
enough add a little chemic. 

§. Yellow. — For 1 lb. of silk — alum, 3 ozs. ; sugar of lead % oz ; 
immerse the goods in the solution over night ; take out, drain, and 
make a new dye with fustic, 1 lb. ; dip until the required color is ob- 
tained. 



Coloring Department. 595 

N. B. — The yellow or green, for wool, works equally well on silk. 

9. Orange, — Take anotta and soda, and add in equal quantities, 
according to the amount of goods and darkness of the color wanted : 
Say 1 oz. of each, to each pound of silk, and repeat as desired. 

10. Crimson. — For 1 lb. of silk — alum, 3 ozs. ; dip at hand-heat 
1 hour ; take out and drain, while making a new dye, by boiling 10 
minutes, cochineal, 3 ozs.; bruised nutgalls, 3 ozs. ; and cream of tartar, ^ 
oz., in one pail of water, when a little cool, begin to dip, raising the 
heat to a boil, continuing to dip 1 hour ; wash and dry. 

11. Cinnamon or Brown, on Cotton or Silk. — By a New Process 
— ^Very Beantiful. — Give the goods as much color, from a solution of 
blue vitriol, 2 ozs., to water, 1 gallon, as it will take up in dipping 15 
minutes; then run it through lime-water; this will make a beautiful 
sky-blue, of much durability ; it has now to be run through a solution 
of prussiate of potash, 1 oz., to water, 1 gal. 



APPENDIX TO COLORING DEPARTMENT. 
BY THE PUBLISHER. 

Dyeing:.— The filaments from which stuffs of all kinds are fabri- 
cated are derived either from the animal or vegetable kingdom. We 
recognize the former by the property they possess of liberating am- 
monia on being tested with potash; while the latter afford a liquor 
having an acid reaction under the same treatment. The animal king- 
dom furnishes tliree varieties — silk, wool, and the furs, etc., of vai-ious 
animals; tlie vegetable kingdom also three — flax, hemp and cotton; 
all of which require certain preliminary preparations to render them 
fit for tlie dyer, which do not come within our province, our space only 
admitting of a rapid glaace at the production of the various colors. 

General Observations. — The various shades produced by coloring 
matters maj'' be classed in one or other of the following groups: 

1. Blues; 2. Reds; 3. Yellows — Simple. 

4. Violets; 5. Orange colors; 6. Greens — Binary. 

7. Compound colors; 8. Black — Ternary. 

Some colors adhere at once to the stuft", and are called substantial 
colors ; while others require that the material to be dyed should under- 
go some previous preparation in order to render it permanent. The 
substances used to fix the coloring matters are called mordants^ ^\\\q\\ 
should possess four qualifications : — 1. They should possess an equal 
affinity for the fibre of the material and the coloring matter. 2. They 
should be incapable of injuring or destroying either by prolonged 
action. 3. They should form, with the color, a compound capable of 
resisting the action of air and water. 4. They should be capable of 
readily conforming to the various operations of the dyer. 

The Mordants, — For the reasons just given, the acetate or tartrate 
of iron is preferable to the sulphate ; and the acetate or tartrate of 
alinniua to alum. For reds, yellows^ green, and pinks, aluminous mor- 
dants are to be used. For blacks, browns, puces, and violets, the acetate 
or tartrate of iron must be employed. For scarlets^ use a tin mordant, 
made by dissolving in strong nitric acid one-eighth of its weight of sal- 
ammoniac, then adding by degrees one-eighth of its weight of tin, and 
diluting the solution with one-fourth of its weight of water. 

Calico, Linen, and Muslin. — jBZwe.— Wash well to remove dress- 
ing, and dry; then dip in a strong solution of snlphate of indigo — 
partly saturated witli potash — and hang up. Dry a piece to see if the 
color is deep enough ; if not, dip again. Saxon Blue. — Boil the article 
in alum, and then dip in a strong solution of chemical blue. 

Calico, Linen, and Muslin.— -Sw#.— Boil an ounce of anatto in 3 
quarts of water, add 2 ounces of potash, stir well, and put in the calico 
while boiling, and stir well for five minutes; remove and plunge into 
cold pump water, hang up the articles without wringing, and when 
almost dry, fold. 



Appendix to Coloring Department. 591^ 

Calico, Linen, and Muslin. — Green. — Boil the article in an alum 
mordant, and then in a solution of indigo mixed with any of the yellow 
dyes, until the proper color is obtained. 

Calico, Linen, and Muslin. — Yellow, — 1. Cut potato tops when in 
flower, and express the juice; steep articles in this for forty -eight hours. 
2. Dip in a strong solution of weld after boiling in an aluminous mor- 
dant. Turmeric, fustic, anatto, etc., will answer the same as weld. 

Cloth. — Black. — Impregnate the material with acetate of iron mor- 
dant, and then boil in a decoction of madder and logwood. 

Cloth. — Madder Red. — Boil the cloth in a weak solution of pearl- 
ash — an ounce to a gallon of water, — wash, dry, and then steep in a de- 
coction of bruised nutgalls. After drying, it is to be steeped twice in 
dry alum water, then dried, and boiled in a decoction made of three- 
quarters of a pound of madder to every pound of the article. It should 
then be taken out and dried, and steeped in a second bath in the same 
manner. When dyed, the articles should be washed in warm soap and 
water, to remove a dun-colored matter given out hy the madder. 

Blaclc for Worsted or Woolen. — Water, 3 gals. ; bichromate of 
potass, ^oz. Boil the goods in this 40 minutes; then w:;sh in cold 
water. Then take 3 gals, of water, add 9 ozs. of logwood, 3 o. s. of 
fustic, and one or two drops, of D. O. V. or Double Oil of Vitriol; boil 
the goods 40 minutes, and wash out in cold water. This will dye from 
1 to 2 lbs. of cloth, or a lady's dress, if of a dark color, as brown, claret, 
etc. 

All colored dresses with cotton warps should be previously steeped 
one hour in sumach liquor; and then saddened in 3 gals, of clean 
water, with one cupful of nitrate of iron for 30 minutes, then it must 
be well washed and dyed as first stated. 

Black for Silk. — Dye the same as Black for Worsted ; but pre- 
viously steep the silk in the following liquor: Scald 4 ozs. of logwood, 
and 3^ oz. of turmeric in a pint of boiling water. Then add 7 pints of 
cold water. Steep 30 or 40 minutes ; take out, and add 1 oz. of sulphate 
of iron, (or copperas) dissolved in hot water ; steep the silk 30 minutes 
longer. 

Brown for Worsted or Wool. — Water, 3 gals. ; bichromate of 
potass, ^ oz. Boil the goods in this 40 minutes; wash out in cold 
water. Then take water, 3 gals. ; peachwood, b ozs. ; turmeric, 2 ozs. 
Boil the goods in this 40 minutes. Wash out. 

Imperial Blue for Silk, Wool, and Worsted. — Water, 1 gal. ; sul- 
phuric acid, a wine glass; Imperial Blue, I table-spoon, or more, ac- 
cording to the shade required. Put in the silk, worsted, or wool, and 
boil 10 minutes. Wash in a weak solution of soap lather. 

Sky Blue, for Worsted and Woolen.— Water, 1 gal. ; sulphuric 
acid, a wine glass ; glauber salts, or crystals, 2 table-spoons ; liquid ex- 
tract of indigo, a tea-spoon ; boil the goods about 15 minutes. Rinse 
in cold water. 

Claret for Wool or Worsted. — A short way of Dyeing the same. — 
Water, 3 gals. ; cudbear, 12 ozs. ; logwood, 4 ozs. ; old fustic, 4 ozs. ; 
alum, 3^oz. Boll the goods in it 1 hour. Wash. This will dye from 
1 to 2 lbs. of material. 

Crimson for Worsted or Wool.— Water, 3 gals. ; paste Cochineal, 
1 oz. ; cream-of-tartar, 1 oz. ; nitrate of tin, a wine olass. Boil your 
goods in this 1 hour. Wash out in cold water. Then in another vessel 
with 3 gals, of warm water, a cup of ammonia, the whole well mixed. 
Put in the goods, and work well 15 minutes. For a bluer shade, add 
more ammonia. Then wash out. 



598 Appendix to Coloring Department 

Fawn Drab for Silk.— Hot water, 1 gal.; anotta liquor, a wine 
glass; 2 ozs. each of sumach and fustic. Add copperas liquor, accord- 
ing to the required shude. Wash out. 

It is best to have the copperas liquor in another vessel. 

A Dark Drab may be obtained by using a little archil, and extract 
pfindij^o. 

Flesh Color, for Dyeing Silk.— Boilino^ water, 1 gal. ; put in 1 oz. 
of white soap, and 1 oz. of pearlash. Mix well ; then add a cup of An- 
notta liquor. Put the silk through several times, and proportion the 
liquor till you obtain the right shade. 

A Salmon Color may be obtained by first passing through the 
above liquor, and then through diluted muriate of tin. 

Magenta for Silk, Wool, or Worsted. — Water, 1 gal., heated up 
to 180 degrees ; add Magenta Liquor, 1 table-spoon ; stir it well up. 
This will dye a broad ribbon 4 yards long; or a pair of small stockings ; 
To dye a large quantity of material, add more Magenta Liquor and 
water. The shade of color may be easily regulated by using more or 
less, '^^•vi:enta Pink may be obtained by increased solution. 

Mauve for Silk, Wool or Worsted.— Water, 1 gal.; add 1 table- 
spoon of sulphuric acid ; then heat to boiling point. For a very light 
Mauve, add 1 tea-spoon of Imperial Violet Liquor ; boil the same 
amount of material, as stated under Magenta, about 10 minutes. Rinse 
in cold water. If the color be too deep, use a little soap in rinsing, 
using warm water. 

A Violet Color may be produced by using a table-spoon of Violet 
Liquor instead of a tea-spoon. 

Pea-Green for Silk. — To one quart of water, put half a tea-spoon 
of Picric Acid, and rather more than half a wine glass of sulphuric 
acid, and a tea-spoon of paste extract of indigo ; boilabout five minutes ; 
then add water to cool it down to blood heat, or 100 degrees. Put in 
the silk and work it about twenty minutes. The shade may be varied 
by adding more or less of the Picric Acid, or extract of indigo ; if 
more of either be added, boil separately in a little water, and add to 
the previous liquor. 

Pea-Green for Worsted. — Use the same materials as the aforesaid; 
but boil all the time in 1 gal. of water for about 20 or 30 minutes. 

A Darker Green may be obtained by using a larger quantity of 
material. 

Plum Color for Worsted, Silk, or Cotton.— Water, Igal.; sul- 
phuric acid, a tea-spoon ; glauber salts, or common Dyer's crystals, 2 
table-spoons ; violet liquoi", a table-spoon ; magenta liquor, 1^ a table- 
spoon. Boil the article (silk, wool, or worsted,) about 10 minutes. 

Cotton should be dyed the above colors separately, and by first 
running them through vveak Gall Liquor, and weak double muriate of 
tin. Then wash well, and work in the aforesaid liquor, according to 
color and shade. The liquor should be cold for Cotton. 

Scarlet on Worsted or Wool. — Water, 3 gals. ; dry cochineal, 2 
ozs.; cream-of-tartar, 1 oz. ; nitrate of tin, a wine glass; boil the goods 
1 hour. To give the goods a yellower hue, add a little young fustic. 
Wash out as before. 

Yellow for Dyeing Silk. — Proceed the same as in dyeing Pea- 
Green, omitting the extract of indigo, and using oxalic tin instead of 
sulphuric acid. 

To Prepare Annotta. — Into 2 gals, of water put 1 lb. of Annota, 
4 ozs. of pearlash. and 2 ozs. of soft soap, and apply heat, stirring until 
the whole is dissolved; when convenient it is best to boil the solution. 



' Appendix to Coloring Department. 599 

To Prepare Catechu.— To 7 or 8 gals, of water put 1 lb. of cate- 
chu, and boil till it is all dissolved; then add 2 ozs. of sulphate of cop- 
per. Stir, and it is ready for use. 

Recipe for Dyeing* Cotton.— In the following recipes the quanti- 
ties are given for 10 lbs. of cotton, whether yarn or cloth: 

^ Common Black. — Steep the goods in a decoction of 3 lbs. of sumach 
while it is hot and let them lie over night, wring out and work them 
for 10 minutes through lime water, then worlv for half an hour through 
a solution of 2 lbs. of copperas, they may be either washed from this 
or worked again through lime water for 10 minutes; then work them 
half an hour through a warm decoction of 3 lbs. of logwood, adding % 
pint chamber lye; before entering the goods lift and raise with 2 ozs. of 
copperas in solution. Work 10 minutes, then wash and dry. 

Jet Black. — The goods are dyed in the same manner as in the last 
recipe, but along with the logwood is added 1 lb. fustic. 

Catechu Brown. — Work the goods at a boiling heat for 2 hours in 
2 lbs. of catecliu, prepared as above ; wring out and then 
work for half an hour in a hot solution of 6 ozs of bichromate of Po- 
tassa; wash from this in hot water; if a little soap is added to the 
wash water the color is improved. Deeper shades of brown may be 
dyed by repeating the operation. 

Catechu Fawn. — Work the goods 15 minutes in hot water contain- 
ing 2 pints of catechu, prepared as above ; wring out and 
work 15 minutes in hot water containing 1 oz. of bichromate of Po- 
tassa in solution ; wash and dry. 

Common Red.— Make a decoction of 3 lbs. of sumach, and put the 
goods in at once; let them steep over night; wring out and work for an 
hour in a mixture of 1 gill red spirits (tin spirits) to every gallon of 
water; wring out and wash well; then work half an hour in a decoc- 
tion of 3 lbs. of limawood, and 1 lb. fustic, using this decoction as hot 
as the hand can bear it ; lift and add 1 gill red spirits ; then work 15 
minutes more; wash and dry. 

Scarlet.— For 1 lb. of goods, boil 1^ ozs. of cream-of-tartar in 
water in a block tin vessel ; add \% ozs. of tin spirits ; boil for 3 min- 
utes, then boil the goods in it for 2 hours, drain and let the goods cool ; 
next boil J^ oz. of cream-of-tartar in some water for a few minutes ; 
add to it % oz. of powdered cochineal, boil for 5 minutes, adding grad- 
ually 1 oz. tin spirits, stirring well all the time ; then put in the goods 
and dye immediately. 

Light Straw. — To a tub of cold water add 4 ozs. of acetate of lead 
in solution ; work the goods in this for 15 minutes, and wring out ; 
then work for 10 minutes in another tub of water, containing 2 ozs. of 
bichromate of Potassa ; wring out and work again in the lead solution 
10 minutes; wash and dry. 

Annotta Orange. — Heat the annotta solution (see page 598) to about 
140 degrees Fahr., work the goods in it about 20 minutes ; wring out 
thorouglily, to economize the liquor; wash in two waters and dry. 

Catechu Stone Drab. — Work the goods 15 minutes in hot water, 
containing 2 pints prepared catechu (see above) lift and add 2 ozs of 
copperas in solution ; work for 15 minutes and Avash in water; then 
work 10 minutes in a tub of warm water containing a decoction of 2 
ozs. of logwood; lift and add 3^ oz. of alum; work 10 minutes more; 
wring out and dry. 

Deep Yellow. — To a tub of cold water add 1 lb. of acetate of lead 
and 1 lb. of nitrate of lead in solution; work the goods in this for 30 
minutes and wring out ; then to a tub of warm water add 12 ozs. of 



6oo Appendix to Coloring Department 

bichromate of Potassa, and work the goods in it 15 minutes; expose 
to the air half an hour; then pass a^ain through both solutions, work- 
ing them the same time in each as before, and expose to the air for 1 
hour; then pass them through the lead solution; wring out, wash and 
dry; if the color is not deep enough they may be passed through the 
solutions again as before. 

For Woolen Goods, 10 lbs.— Black.— Work 20 minutes in a bath 
with 8 ozs. camwood; lift and add 8 ozs. copperas; work 20 minutes 
more, then withdraw the fire from the boiler, and submerge the goods 
in the liquor over night; then wash out; work 1 hour in another, both 
containing a decoction of 5 lbs. of logwood and 1 pint chamber lye; 
lift and add 4 ozs. of copperas; work 30 minutes longer; wash and dry. 

Red. — Work for 30 minutes in a bath made ap writh 1 oz. chrome 
and 1 oz. alum; wash in cold water; then work 30 minutes in another 
bath with 3 lbs. of peach wood or limawood; lift and add 1 oz. of 
alum; work 20 minutes; wash and dry. 

To Make up a Blue Vat. — Take 1 lb. of indigo and grind in water 
until no grittiness can be felt between the fingers; put this into a deep 
vessel, (casks are generally used), with about 12 gals, of water; then 
add 2 lbs. of copperas and 3 lbs. newly slacked lime, and stir 15 min- 
utes; stir every 2 hours for 5 or 6 times; toward the end the liquor 
should be of a greenish yellow color, with blackish veins through it and 
a rich froth of indigo oa the surface j after standing 8 hours to settle 
the vat is fit to use. 



INTEREST DEPARTMENT 



liECrAIi RATES,— Six percent, is the legal rate In the States ot Maine, 
New Hampshire, Vermont, Rliode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, 
Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee, 
Arkansas, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, and New Jer- 
sey, except in Hudson and Essex Counties, and the City of Patterson, where 
seven per 2ent is allowed when either of the parties reside therein. 

Sevex per cent is the legal rate in Michigan, New York, Minnesota, Wis- 
consin, South Carolina, and Georgia. 

Tkn per cent, is the legal rate in California, eight per cent, in Alabama 
and Texas, and^ve per cent, in Louisana. 

Ten per cent, may be contracted for in Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, 
Iowa, and Arkansas. 

TwELVEper cent, may be contracted for In Texas and Wisconsin, eight 
per cent, in Florida, and any amount agreed upon can be collected in Calitor- 
nia and Minnesota. 

Only legal rates can be collected in Illinois, Texas, Maryland, Rhode 
Island, Maine, Vermont, Connecticut, Mississippi, and Louisiana. 

Illegal interest can be collected back in Iowa, Indiana, Maine, Vernaont, 
and Connecticut. 

Usurious contracts are void in Arkansas, New York, and New Jersey. 

If illegal interest is taken in New Hampshire and Wisconsin, three times 
legal rate is forfeited. 

In South Carolina, Florida, and Alabama, interest only is forfeited. 

Usurious excesses are void in Kentucky, Michigan, and Ohio. 

Virginia and North Carolina void the contract and double the debt, half 
to the informer and half to the State. 

In Connecticut usurious contracts, if collected, can be recovered back, 
one-half to the State and the balance to the informer. 

Delaware allows usurious contracts to be collected, half to the State and 
half to the prosecutor. 

If more than lawful rates are obtained in Missouri, ten per cent, is for- 
feited to the common school fund. 

Legal interest is what can be collected where no rate is specified ; lawful 
is what may be contracted for; and usurious is more than lawful. 



EXPIiANATION OF INTEREST TARIiES.— To obtain the inter- 
est on $1109.00, for 1 year 4 months and 27 daj's, at 6 per cent. : 
■ Turn to the table and you will find the time in the left hand column, and 
amounts at the heads of other columns; the sum sought is found at the mef-t- 
ing of the lines to the right of the time, and dou^n from the amount, as lollows : 

Interest on $1000, I year, at 6 per cent $60 00 

" 100, " " 600 

" '• 9 " " 54 

" " lOOo' 4 months, " \\\\'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.\'.'.'.\'.'.'. 2()'w 

" " 100, '■'■ " 2 00 

*' " 9 " " 18 

•• 1000l27days, " V.V.V.'.'.'^.'.^.'.'V. 460 

•• " 100, " " 45 

" ♦' 9, " " 04 

Whole sum sought $93 71 

Proceed in the same way for other amounts, or time, or rate per cent. For 
more than 1 year multiply the interest of one year by the number of jears ; 
if for $-20, S30, etc., multiply the interest oti $10 by 2, 3, etc., and so on for hun- 
dreds and thousands. To find interest at 5 per cent., take one-half of 10 per 
cent, rate; for 12 per cent, multiply 6 per cent, rate by 2, and so on for other 
rates. 

26 



6o2 



Dr, Chase's Recipes, 



INTEREST TABLE.— Six Per Cent. 



TIME. 


$1 


$2 


$3 


$4 


$5 


$6 


$7 


$8 


$9 


$10 


$100 


$1,000 


1 


Day. 
































2 


17 


2 


t( 
































3 


33 


3 


(' 































5 


50 


4 


u 





























7 


67 


5 


(( 



























8 


83 


6 


<( 


























10 


1 00 


7 


(( 


























12 


1 17 


8 


i( 

























13 


1 33 


9 


i( 























2 


15 


1 50 


10 


»( 




















2 


2 


17 


1 67 


11 


1( 








• ■^ 












2 


2 


18 


1 83 


12 


(( 


















2 


2 


2 


20 


2 00 


13 


1( 
















2 


2 


2 


2 


22 


2 17 


14 


i.(, 














^ 


2 


2 


2 


2 


23 


2 33 


15 


(( 













2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


25 


2 50 


16 


u 













2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


27 


2 67 


17 


(( 













2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


28 


2 83 


18 


(( 











2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


30 


3 00 


19 


u 











2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


32 


3 17 


20 


(( 











2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


33 


3 33 


21 


w 











2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


35 


3 50 


22 


(( 











2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


4 


37 


3 67 


23 


u 









2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


4 


38 


3 83 


24 


« 





1 




2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


40 


4 00 


25 


(( 









2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


4 


4 


42 


4 17 


26 


(; 





^ 




2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


4 


4 


43 


4 33 


27 


u 









2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


45 


4 50 


28 


(( 









2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


47 


4 67 


29 


" 









2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


48 


4 83 


1 M'nth 


1 




2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


50 


5 00 


2 




1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


1 00 


10 00 


3 




2 


3 


5 


6 


8 


9 


11 


12 


14 


15 


1 50 


15 00 


4 




2 


4 


6 


8 


10 


12 


14 


16 


18 


20 


2 00 


20 00 


5 




3 


5 


8 


10 


13 


15 


18 


20 


23 


25 


2 50 


25 00 


6 




3 


6 


9 


12 


15 


18 


21 


24 


27 


30 


3 00 


30 00 


7 




4 


7 


11 


14 


18 


21 


25 


28 


32 


35 


3 50 


35 00 


8 




4 


8 


12 


16 


20 


24 


28 


32 


36 


40 


4 00 


40 00 


9 




5 


9 


14 


18 


23 


27 


32 


36 


41 


45 


4 50 


45 00 


10 




5 


10 


15 


20 


25 


30 


35 


40 


45 


50 


5 00 


50 00 


11 




6 


11 


17 


22 


28 


33 


39 


44 


50 


55 


5 50 


55 00 


1 Year. 


6 


12 


18 


24 


30 


36 


42 


48 


54 


60 


6 00 


60 00 



Interest Department* 



603 



INTEREST TABLE.— Seven Per Cent. 



TIME. 


$1 


$2 


$3 


$4 


$5 


$6 


$7 


$8 


$9 


$10 


$100 


$1,000 


1 Day. 
































2 


19 


2 *' 
































4 


39 


3 " 






























6 


58 


4 *' 




























8 


78 


5 " 



























10 


97 


6 " 


























12 


1 17 


7 " 

























14 


1 36 


8 " 























2 


16 


1 56 


9 '' 




















2 


2 


IS 


1 75 


10 " 


















2 


2 


2 


19 


1 94 


11 " 


















2 


2 


2 


21 


2 14 


12 " 
















2 


2 


2 


2 


23 


2 33 


13 '* 







X 






2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


25 


2 53 


14 " 











^ 


2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


27 


2 72 


15 " 













2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


29 


2 92 


16 " 











2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


31 


3 11 


17 '' 











2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


33 


3 31 


18 '' 











2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


35 


3 50 


19 " 











2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


4 


37 


3 69 


20 " 









2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


39 


3 89 


21 " 









2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


41 


4 08 


22 " 









2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


4 


4 


43 


4 28 


23 " 









2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


4 


45 


4 47 


24 " 









2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


47 


4 67 


25 " 









2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


49 


4 86 


26 *' 






2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


51 


5 06 


27 " 






2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


53 


5 25 


28 " 






2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


54 


5 44 


29 " 






2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


5 


5 


6 


56 


5 64 


1 Month 






2 


2 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


6 


58 


5 83 


2 " 




2 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


& 


11 


12 


1 17 


11 67 


3 " 


2 


4 


5 


7 


9 


11 


12 


14 


16 


18 


1 75 


17 50 


4 " 


2 


5 


7 


9 


12 


14 


16 


19 


21 


23 


2 33 


23 33 


5 " 


3 


6 


9 


12 


15 


18 


20 


23 


26 


29 


2 92 


29 17 


6 " 


4 


7 


11 


14 


18 


21 


25 


28 


32 


35 


3 50 


35 00 


7 " 


4 


8 


12 


16 


20 


25 


29 


33 


37 


41 


4 08 


40 83 


8 " 


5 


9 


14 


17 


23 


28 


33 


37 


42 


47 


4 67 


46 67 


9 " 


5 


11 


16 


21 


26 


32 


37 


42 


47 


53 


5 25 


52 50 


10 " 


6 


12 


18 


23 


29 


35 


41 


47 


53 


58 


5 83 


58 33 


11 " 


6 


13 


19 


26 


32 


39 


45 


51 


58 


64 


6 42 


64 17 


1 Year. 


7 


14 


21 


28 


35 


42 


49 


56 


63 


70 


7 00 


70 00 



6o4 



Dn Chasers Recipes, 



INTEREST TABLE.— Eight Per Cent. 



TIME. 


$1 


|2 


$3 


$4 


$5 


$6 


$7 


$8 


$9 


$10 


$100 


$1,000 


1 Day. 
































2 


22 


2 " 
































4 


44 


3 " 



























1 


7 


67 


4 '' 

























1 


9 


89 


5 " 
























1 


11 


1 11 


6 " 













1 










1 


13 


1 33 


7 " 























2 


16 


1 56 


8 '' 




















2 


2 


18 


1 78 


9 " 


















2 


2 


2 


20 


2 00 


10 " 
















2 


2 


2 


2 


22 


3 22 


11 " 
















2 


2 


2 


2 


24 


2 44 


12 " 













2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


27 


2 67 


13 " 













2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


29 


2 89 


14 ♦' 











2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


31 


3 11 


15 " 











2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


33 


3 33 


16 " 











2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


36 


3 56 


17 " 









2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


4 


38 


3 78 


18 " 









2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


40 


4 00 


19 " 









2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


4 


4 


42 


4 22 


20 " 









2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


4 


44 


4 44 


21 " 









2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


47 


4 67 


22 " 









2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


49 


4 89 


23 ♦' 


1 




2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


51 


5 11 


24 " 


1 




2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


53 


5 33 


25 ** 


1 




2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


6 


56 


5 56 


26 " 


1 




2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


5 


5 


6 


58 


5 78 


27 " 


1 




2 


2 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


6 


60 


6 00 


28 " 


1 




2 


2 


3 


4 


4 


5 


6 


6 


62 


6 22 


29 " 


1 




2 


3 


3 


4 


5 


5 


6 


6 


64 


6 44 


1 M'nth 


1 


2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


5 


5 


6 


7 


67 


6 67 


2 •* 


1 


3 


4 


5 


7 


8 


9 


11 


12 


13 


1 33 


13 33 


3 " 


2 


4 


6 


8 


10 


12 


14 


16 


18 


20 


2 00 


20 00 


4 *' 


3 


5 


8 


11 


13 


16 


19 


21 


24 


27 


2 67 


26 67 


5 " 


3 


7 


10 


13 


17 


20 


23 


27 


30 


33 


3 33 


33 33 


6 '* 


4 


8 


12 


16 


20 


24 


28 


32 


36 


40 


4 00 


40 00 


7 '' 


5 


9 


14 


19 


23 


28 


33 


37 


42 


47 


4 67 


46 67 


8 " 


5 


11 


16 


21 


27 


32 


37 


43 


48 


53 


5 33 


53 33 


9 *' 


G 


12 


18 


24 


30 


36 


43 


48 


54 


60 


6 00 


60 00 


10 " 


7 


13 


20 


27 


33 


40 


47 


53 


60 


67 


6 67 


66 67 


11 " 


7 


15 


22 


29 


37 


44 


51 


59 


66 


73 


7 33 


73 33 


1 Year. 


8 


]6 


24 


32 


40 


48 


56 


64 


72 


80 


8 00 


80 00 



Interest Department. 



60s 



INTEREST TABLE,— Nine Per Cent. 



TIME. 


$1 


$2 


$3 


$4 


$5 


$6 


$7 


$8 


$9 


$10 


$100 


$1,000 


1 


Day. 
































3 


25 


2 


(( 





























1 


5 


50 


3 


a 
























1 


1 


8 


75 


4 


a 






















1 


1 


10 


1 0!) 


5 


i. 





















1 


1 


13 


1 25 


6 


u 





















1 


2 


15 


1 50 


7 


a 




















2 


2 


18 


1 75 


8 


li 




















2 


2 


20 


2 00 


9 


(< 
















2 


2 


2 


2 


23 


2 25 


10 


u 













2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


25 


2 50 


11 


u 













2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


28 


2 75 


12 


(( 











2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


30 


3 00 


13 


ii 











2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


33 


3 25 


14 


n 











2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


35 


3 50 


15 


(( 









2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


4 


38 


3 75 


16 


it 









2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


40 


4 00 


17 


(( 







1 


2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


4 


4 


43 


4 25 


18 


(; 









2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


45 


4 50 


19 


(. 









2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


48 


4 75 


20 


l,i 






2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


50 


5 00 


21 


it 






2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


53 


5 25 


22 


U 






2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


6 


55 


5 50 


23 


(( 






2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


5 


5 


6 


58 


5 75 


24 


(( 






2 


2 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


6 


60 


6 00 


25 


(( 






2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


6 


6 


63 


6 25 


26 


u 






2 


3 


3 


4 


5 


5 


6 


7 


65 


6 50 


27 


(( 






2 


3 


3 


4 


5 


5 


6 


7 


68 6 75 


28 


u 






2 


3 


4 


4 


5 


6 


6 


7 


70 7 00 


29 


(( 






2 


3 


4 


4 


5 


6 


7 


7 


73 7 25 


1 M'nthI 




2 


2 


3 


4 


5 


5 


6 


7 


8 


75 7 50 


2 




2 


3 


5 





8 


9 


11 


12 


14 


15 


1 50 15 00 


3 




2 


5 


7 


9 


U 


14 


16 


18 


20 


23 


2 25 


22 50 


4 




3 


6 


9 


12 


15 


18 


21 


24 


27 


30 


3 00 


30 00 


5 




4 


8 


11 


15 


19 


23 


26 


30 


34 


3^ 


3 75 


37 50 


6 




5 


9 


14 


18 


23 


27 


32 


36 


41 


45 


4 50 


45 00 


7 




5 


11 


16 


21 


26 


32 


37 


42 


47 


53 


5 25 52 50 


8 




6 


12 


18 


24 


30 


30 


42 


48 


54 


60 


6 00 


60 00 


9 




7 


14 


20 


27 


34 


41 


47 


54 


61 


68 


6 75 


67 50 


10 




8 


15 


23 


30 


38 


45 


53 


60 


68 


75 


7 50 


75 00 


11 




8 


17 


25 


33 


41 


50 


58 


06 


74 


83 


8 25 


82 50 


1 Year.l 


9 


18 


27 


36 


45 


54 


63 


72 


81 


90 


9 00 


90 00 



6o6 



Dr, Chasers Recipes, 



INTEREST TABLE.— Ten Per Cent. 



TIME. 


$1 


$3 


$3 


$4 


$5 


$6 


$7 


$8 


$9 


$10 


$1,000 


$1,000 


1 Day. 
































3 


28 


2 " 


























1 


1 


6 


56 


3 '' 



















1 


1 


1 


1 


8 


83 


4 '^ 


















1 


1 


1 


1 


11 


1 11 


5 " 

















1 


1 


1 


1 


14 


1 39 


6 " 
















1 


1 


2 


2 


17 


1 67 


7 '' 
















1 


2 


2 


2 


19 


1 94 


8 " 
















2 


2 


2 


2 


22 


2 22 


9 " 













2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


25 


2 50 


10 " 













2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


28 


2 78 


11 " 











2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


31 


3 06 


12 " 











2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


33 


3 33 


13 " 











2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


4 


36 


3 61 


14 " 









2 


2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


39 


3 89 


15 " 







1 


2 


2 


3 


3 


3 


4 


4 


42 


4 17 


16 " 









2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


4 


44 


4 44 


17 " 









2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


47 


■ 4 72 


18 " 






2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


50 


5 00 


19 " 






2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


53 


5 28 


20 '^ 






2 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


6 


56 


5 56 


21 " 






2 


2 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


6 


58 


5 83 


22 " 


1 




2 


2 


3 


4 


4 


5 


6 


6 


61 


6 11 


23 *' 






2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


5 


6 


6 


64 


6 39 


24 " 






2 


3 


3 


4 


5 


5 


6 


7 


67 


6 67 


25 " 






2 


3 


3 


4 


5 


6 


6 


7 


69 


6 94 


26 " 






2 


3 


4 


4 


5 


6 


7 


7 


72 


7 22 


27 '' 




2 


2 


3 


4 


5 


5 


6 


7 


8 


75 


7 50 


28 " 




2 


2 


3 


4 


5 


5 


6 


7 


8 


78 


7 78 


29 '^ 




2 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


6 


7 


8 


81 


8 06 


IM'nth 




2 


3 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


8 


83 


8 33 


2 '^ 


2 


3 


5 


7 


8 


10 


12 


13 


15 


17 


1 67 


16 67 


3 " 


3 


5 


8 


10 


15 


15 


18 


20 


23 


25 


2 50 


25 00 


4 " 


3 


7 


10 


13 


17 


20 


23 


27 


30 


33 


3 33 


33 33 


5 " 


4 


8 


14 


17 


21 


25 


29 


33 


38 


42 


4 17 


41 67 


6 " 


5 


10 


15 


20 


25 


30 


35 


40 


45 


50 


5 00 


50 00 


7 " 


6 


12 


18 


23 


29 


35 


41 


47 


53 


58 


5 83 


58 33 


8 " 


7 


13 


20 


27 


33 


40 


47 


53 


60 


67 


6 67 


66 67 


9 " 


8 


15 


23 


30 


38 


45 


53 


GO 


68 


75 


7 50 


75 00 


10 " 


8 


17 


25 


33 


42 


50 


58 


67 


75 


83 


8 33 


83 33 


11 " 


9 


18 


28 


37 


46 


55 


64 


73 


83 


92 


9 17 


91 67 


1 Year. 


10 


20 


30 


40 


50 


60 


70 


80 


90 


1 00 


10 00 


100 00 



EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS FOUND IN 
MEDICAL WORKS. 



Abdomen— The lower front part of the body. 

Aromatic — Spicy and fragrant drugs ; used to prevent griping of drastic purgatives. 

Aperient — A gentle laxative or purgative. 

Acidity — Sourness. Ac.ds neutralize alkalies. 

Alkaline— Having the properties of alkali. Alkalies neutralize acids. 

Antacid -Medicines which neutralize acids. 

Anti — Being prefixed to any word siufnifies against. 

Antiscorbutic — Alteratives for Scrofula; blood purifiers. 

Antisyphilitic — Remedy for Venereal Diseases. 

Albus — White, hence whites; fluor albus. 

Antisialagogue— Remedy for Saliv:ition. 

Antiseptic —That wiiich will prevent putrefaction. 

Antiphlogistic — Remedy for fever and inflammation. 

Antispasmodic — Remed.y for spasms, cramps or convulsions. 

Anodyne — A medicine which will allay pain and produce sleepiness. 

Alterative — Medicines which will gradually restore healthy action. 

Astringent — Medicines w^hich constringe, draw up surfaces with which they come in 

contact; used in Floodmg, Diarrhea, Whites, etc. 
Abscess — A cavity containing pus. 
Anemia — Without blood, more properly blood without its proportion of iron, which 

gives it the bright red. 
Alvine — Relating to the intestines. 
Aliment — Any kind of food. 
Alimentary Canal —The entire passage through the whole intestines from moutli to 

anus ; the passage for the aliment. 
Albumen — An elenient found in both animal and vegetable substances; constituting 

the chief part of the white of eggs. 
Antimonial— Medicines containing antimony. 
Anus — The external opening of the rectum, lower intestine. 

Antiperiodic— That which cures j»eriodic diseases, as Ague, Intermittent Fevers. 
Antidote — An opposing medicine, used chiefly against poison. 
Adult — Person of full growth. 
Aqua— Water. 

Aqua Ammonia — Water of Ammonia. 
Amenorrhea — Absence of the men.ses. 

Antiemetic — ^That which will stop vomiting; agafnst emesi?. 

Arsenic — A metal, the oxide of which is arsenious acid, commonly called ratsbane. 
Abortion — A premature birth, or miscarriage. 
Abortives — That which will cause abortion. 
Abrasion — Bruising the skin. 
Acetate— A salt prepared with acetic acid. 

Acrid —Irritating biting. * 

Adhesive— Applied to sticking plasters, and to parts adhering from inflammation. 
Balm — Aromatic and fragrant medicine, usually an ointment. 
Balsam — Resinous substances, possessing healing properties. 
Basilicon — An ointment containing wax, resin, etc. 
Belladonna — Nightshade. 

Bergamot— Perfume made from the lemon peel. 
Bile — A secretion IVom t ie liver. 
B lious — An undue amou t of bile. 
Bi-tartrate of Potash— Creara-of-Tartar. 
Blanch - To whiten. 
Bowels — Intestines. 
Bolus — A large pill. 
Bronchia— Branches of the windpipe. 

Bronchitis— Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which lead into the lungs. 
Bronchocele— Enlargement of the thyroid gland, enlargedneck. 



6o8 Dr. Chase'' s Recipes. 



Butyric Acid — An acid obtained from butter. 

Calcium — The metalic basis of lime, (see fluor spar.) 

Calamus— Sweet flag. 

Calcareous — A substance containing- chalk or lime. 

Calcined — Burned so as to be easily reduced to powder. 

Calculus— Stone or gravel found in the bladder, gall ducts, kidneys, and ureters; ducts 

which lead from the kidneys to the bladder. 
Callous — A hard bony substance or growth. 
Capsicum — Cayenne pepper. 
Catarrh — Flow of mucus. 
Cathartic — An active purgative. 
Catheter— Tube for emptying the bladder. 
Carminative— An aromatic medicine. 

Caustic — A corroding or destroying substance, as nitrate of silver, potash, etc. 
Citric Acid — Acid made from lemons. 
Chronic— Of long standing. 

Collapse— A recession of the blood from the surface. 
Coma — Stupor. 
Constipation — Costiveness. 

Contagious — A disease which may be given to another by contact. 

Counter — To work against, as counter-irritant, Spanish-flies, draughts to the feet, etc. 
Congestion — Accumulation of blood in a part, unduly. 
Convalescence — Im provemint in health. 
Cuticle — The outer or first portion of the skin, which consists of three coat$. 

Datura Stramonium — Stink-wee<l, jimpson, etc. 

Diaphoretics — Medicines which aid or produce perspiration. 

Decoction — To prepare by boiling. 

Dentrifice — A preparation to cleanse the teeth. 

Defecation — To pass the feces, to go to stool. 

Dentition — Act or process of cutting teeth. 

Desiccation — To dry, act of drying. 

Demulcent — Mucilaginious, as flax-seed and gum arable. 

Dermoid — Resembling or relating to the skin. 

Detergents — Cleansing medicines, as laxatives and purgatives. 

Diagnosis — To discriminate disease. 

Diaphragm — Midriff". 
Diarrhea —Looseness of the bowels. 

Digest — Assimilation or conversion of food into chyme — to prepare medicines with 
continued, gentle heat. 

Discutient —A medicine which will scatter or drive away tumors. 

Diuretic — That which increases the amount of urme. 

Diluted — Reduced with water, as dilufc- alcohol, half alcohol and half water 

Digitalis — Fox-glove, a narcotic. 

Dorsal — Having reference to the back. 

Douche— A dash or stream upon any part. 

Drachm — Sixty gr.iins, a tea-spoonful, or a tea-spoon of. 

Dulcamara — The bitter-sweet or woody nightshade. 

Dyspepsia— Difficult Digestion, 

Dysphonia — Difficulty in speaking. 

Dysuria— Difficult or painful urination, 

Kau— Water. 

Eau de Cologne— Cologne Water. 

Ebulition-To boil. 

Eclectic — To choose. 

Eclectic Physician — One who professes to be liberal in views, independent of party, and 
who favors progress and reform in medicine. 

Effervesce — To foam. 

Efflorescence— Redness of the general surface. 

Effete —Worn out, waste matter. 

Elaterium— Fruit of the wild cucumber, a hydragogue. 

Electuary— Medicine prepared at the consistence 61 honey. 

Elixir— A tincture prepared with more than one article. 

Emesis — The act of vomiting. 

Emetic — Medicines which produce emesis, vomiting. 

Emmenagogue— A medicine whicli will aid or bring on the menses. 

Emollients— Softening and screening medcilnes, slippery-elm bark, flax-seed, gums, etc- 

Emulsion — Mucilage from the emolients. 

Enema — An injection by the rectum. 

Ennui— Lassitude, dullness of spirit, disgust of condition, etc. 

Epi— Above or over. 

Epidtrmis— Outer shin. 

Epigastrium— Region of the pit of the stomach. 

Epilepsy— Convulsions fits, with loss of sense for the time, foaming at the mouth and 
stupor. 



Ghssarial Department 609 

Epiglottis— Trap-door cartilage at the root of the tongue, preventing food or fluid from 

entering the wind-pipe. 
Epistaxis— Nose. bleed. 
Ergot— Spurred Rye. 

Eructation — Raising wind from the stomach, belching. 
Eruption— Pimples or blotches on the skin or pustules from small-pox. 
Eschar — A slough on the surface. 
Escharotic — That which. will destroy the flesh. 

Essential— Having reference to essences made from essential oil.5, and alcohol. 
Ether — A volatile fluid. 
Etherial Oil— Volatile Oil. 

Eustachian Tube —A tube leading from the side of the throat to the internal ear. 
Eversion — Turning inside out. 
Evacuation— To discharge by stool, to haste away, [See the remarks in the body of the 

work, on " Costiveness."] 
Evaporation — To escape in vapor. 
Exacerbation — Violent increase in disease. 

Exanthemata— Eruptive disease, as small-pox, scarlet fever, measles, etc. 
Excrement — The feces, that which passes by stool. 
Excretion — That which is thrown off, become useless. 
Excoriation — Abrasion, to bruise the skin. 

Exhalents —Vessels which throw out fluid upon the external surface of the body. 
Expectorant— That which produces or aids a discharge of the mucus from the bronchial 

tubes or from the lungs. 
Excision— To cut off an extremity. 

Extremity — Applied to the arms and legs, called the upper and lower extremities. 
Extirpation— To cut out or remove a part. 
Extract— To take out, as a tooth, to extract a ball or any foreign substance from a wound 

— an active principle obtained from vegetables. 
Express — To press out juices. 
Excresence — An unnatural growth. 

Extravasation— A collection of blood into a cavity, or under the skin. 
Facial — Belonging to or having reference to the face. 
P"ariiia — Meal or flour from vegetables. 

Farcy— A disease of the lymphatic vessels in the skin of the flanks of a horse. 
Fauces — The pharynx and back of the mouth. 
Fasciculiir — A bundle, in bundles. 
Feces — That which passes by stools. 
Febrile— Having reference to fevers. 

Febrifuge — Medeicines to drive away fever, producing prespiration. 
Felon — A deep abscess of the finger, involving the bone, because under the periosteum, 

the membrane which covers the bone. 
Femur — The thigh bone. 
Femoral — Relating to the thigh. 

Ferment — To oxidize, to eff"ervesce, to work, as emptyings, beer, wine, cider, etc. 
Fermentation — To sour, to decompose, both heat and moisture becoming necessary to 

keep it up. 
Ferri Limatura — Iron filings very valuable in female debility and for males of weak 

habit of body. 
Ferrum — Iron. 
Fjver— That which "Old School Physicians " call a disease, whilst another class (the 

Tomsonians,) say it is an effort of nature to throw off" disease ; but Eclectics take 

it as an indication that the circulating medium is rot regular, and go to work at 

once to equalize the circulation, by the use of diaphoretics, combined with tonics 

and detergents, which soon sets all to rights : for fever and perspiration cannot long 

exist together. 
Filter — To strain through paper made for that purpose. 
Fibre— A very small thread-like substance of animal or vegetable matter. 
Fibula— The smallest bone of the leg below the knee. 
Fistula — An ulcer. 
Flaccid — Flabby, soft, relaxed. 
Flabby — Loose and soft to the touch. 
Flatus — To inflate the stomach or bowels with gas. 

Fluoric Acid— A fluid obtained from the fluor spar cut with sulphuric acid. 
Flatulence— Gas in the stomach. 
Flooding — Uterine hemorrhage. 
Fluor — An increased discharge, to flow. 
Fluor spar — Fluoride of calcium. 
Fluor Albus— White flow, leuchorrea, whites, etc. 
Flux — To flow, diarrhea. 

Friction— Rubbing with the dry hand or dry coarse cloth. 
Fumigate - To smoke a room, or any article needing to be cleansed. 
Fundament — The anus. 
Formula — Medical prescriptions. ^_^ 



6io Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 

Fulminating powder — An explosive preparation used in fire-works. 

Function — The particular action of an organ, as the function of the stomach, liver, 

lungs, heart etc. 
Fungus— Spongy flesh in wounds, proud flesh, a soft cancer, which bleeds upon touch- 
ing its broken surface. 
Fusion- To fuse to melt. 

Furor -Very violent delirium, not accompanied by fever. 
Galbanum— A resinous gum, from a genus of plants. 
Genus — Family of Plants, a group, all of a class or nature. 
Gall— Bile. 
Gall Bladder— A bag which receives the gall, or bile, through ducts, from the liver, 

delivering it to the stomach, in health, through the duct called communis chole- 

dochus. 
Gall Stones — Hard biliary concretions found in the gall bladder, and sometimes causing 

death, from not being able to pass through the ductus communis. 
Galla— The gall-nut, an cxcresence found upon the oak. 
Gallic Acid — An acid from the nut-gall. 
Galipot — A glazed jar, used for putting up gummy extracts. 
Galvanic — Having reference to galvanism. 

Gamboge — A drastic purgative, unless combined with aromatici. 
Gangrene— Partial death of a part, often ending in entire mortification of the part, and 

sometimes of the whole body. 
Ganglion -A knot, or lump on tendons, ligaments, or nerves. 
Gaseous — Having the nature of gas. 
Gastric — Of or belonging to the stomach. 
Gastric J nice — Secretion of the stomach. 
Gastritis— Inflammation of the stomach. 

Gastrodynia — Pain in the stomach, sometimes with spasm of the stomach. 
Gelatme — Isinglass. 
Gelatinous— Like jelly. 

Genitals — Belonging to generation, the sexual organs. 
Gentian — An European root, possessing tonic properties. 
Genu— The knee. 

Genuflexion — Bending the knee, kneeling. 
Germ— The vital principle, or life-spark. 
Gestation— To be pregnant. 
Gland— Secreting organs having ducts emptying into cavities which often become ol'- 

structed, causing them to enlarge ; hence, the enlargement of Ihe thyroid gland 

in the neck; causing bronchocele. 
Glans — A gland. 
Gleet— Chronic gonorrhea. 
Globules — Small round particles, having special reference to particles of the red part of 

the blood. 
Glossa — The tongue; a smooth tongue. 

Gloss — To give a lustre; to comment; to write or make explanations. 
Glossarist— A writer of glosses or comments. 
Glossary — An explanation of words. 
Glossarial — Containing explanations. 
Glossitis — Inflammation of the tont;ue. 
Glottis— The opening of the wind-pipe, at the root of the tongue, larynx, covered by the 

epiglottis. 
Gluten -Coagulable lymph, white of an Q.%Zy ^ principle in wheat and other vegetables. 
Glutton — One who cats excessively. 

Gonorrhea— An infectious discharge from the genital organs. 
Gout— Painful inflammation of the joints of the toes, or of the fingers. 
Granule — A small particle of healthy matter, not pus. 
Granulation —Healing up ol an ulcer or wound with healthy matter. 
Gravel — Crystaline particles in the urine. 
Green-Sickness — Cholorosis, debility requiring iron. 
Griping — Grindmg pain in the stomach, or bowels. 
Gutta — One drop, drops. 

Gutta Percha -Dried juice of a genus of trees Isonandra gutta. 
Guttural— Relating to the throat. 
Gymnasium — A place for sportive exercise, which is very valuable to those who cannot 

or will not take exercise for the sake of dollars and cents. 
Gypsum — Sulphate of lime, more commonly called plaster of Paris, because first in- 
troduced from that place. 
Habit— Good or bad habit, constitutionally, or prejudicially pre-disposed to do some 

particular thing; medically, as consumptive habit rheumatic habit, etc. 
Hema— Blood, prefixed to other words. 
Hcmatemesis— Hemorrhage from the stomach. 
Hematuria — Hemorrhage from the bladder. 
Hemoptysis — Hemorrhage from the lungs. 
Hemorrhoids — Piles, bleeding piles. 



Glossarial Department. 6ii 

Henbane — Hyoscyamus. 

Hereditary— Disease from parents. 

Hernia — Rupture, which permits a part of the bowel to protrude. 

Herpes — Disease of the skin. 

Hiera Picra — A medicine containinsT aloes. 

Humerus— The single bone of the upper arm. 

Humeral — Pertaining- to the arm. 

Humors — The fluids of the body, excluding the blood. 

Hydragogues— Medicines which produce watery discharges used in dropsy, as elate- 
rium. 

Hydrargyrum— Metalic mercury, quicksilver. Doctors' name for calomel. 

Hydrocyanic Acid— Pru'^isic acid, nothing more poisonous. 

Hydrofluoric Acid — Same as fluoric acid. 

Hygea — Heilth. 

Hygiene— Preserving health by diet and other precautions. 

Hypo— Signifies low, a low state of health, more annoying to the sufferers than to their 
friends, who are constantly boring them about it; called hysterics in women 
(i'rom hysteria, the womb or uterus,) but blues only, when it gets hold of men ; 
they come from the same cause, general debility, takes a strong remedy, iron as 
medicine. * 

Hypoglottis — Under the tongue. 

Hysteria— The uterus, (womb,) also disease, depending upon, or caused by uterine 
irregularities. 

Hvsteritis— Inflammation of the uterus. 

Ichor — An acrid, biting, watery discharge from ulcers, often corroding, eatino- the 
surface. ^ 

Icterus— Jaundice, a bilious disease, which shows itself by yellowness of the eyes and 
skin. 

Icterus Albus — Chlorosis, whites, etc. 

Ignition— To catch on fire, from Ignis, fire. 

Ilieus — Cholic in the sm.ill iutestines. 

Iliac — Situated near the flank. 

Iliac Region — Sides of the abdomen between the ribs and the thig^hs. 

Imbecile — One weak of mind, imbecility. 

Imbibe — To absorb, to drink. 

Imbricate — To over-lap, as tiles on a house. 

Immerse — To plunge under water. 

Immobile — Immovable, as stiff" joints. 

Imperforate— Without a natural opening. 

Impervious — Closed against water. 

Impetigo —Tetter. 

Imponderable — Not having weight, as light or electricity. 

Impoverished — Exhausted vitality. 

Impotence— Sterility, not being able to produce. 

Impregnation — The act of producing. 

Incision— To cut. 

Incombustible— Incapability of being burned. 

Incompatables — Medicines which ou^-ht not to be mixed or given together. 

Incontinence — Not being able to hold the natural excretions. 

Incorporate — To mix medicines together. 

Incubation — To hatch eggs, slow development of disease. 

Indication — That which shows w^hat ought to be done. 

Indigenous- -Peculiarity of a country, or of a smll section of country applied to a dis- 
ease, plants, etc. 

Indigestion — Dyspepsia. 

Idolent — Slow in progress applied to ulcers and tumors, which are slow with but little 
or no pain. 

Induration — Hardening of any part of the system by disease. 

Infectious — Communicable disease from one to another. 

Infirmary — Where medicines are distributed gratuitously to the poor; but more recently 
some physicians have got to calling their offices infirmaries. 

Inflammation — Attended with heat, redness, swelling, tenderness, and often with throb- 
bing. 

Inflatus — To distend, to blow up with wind or to fill up with gas, as the stomach, bow- 
els, etc. 

Influenza— A disease affecting the nostrils, throat, etc of a catarrhal nature. 

Infusion — Medicines prepared by steeping in water, not to boil. 

Inguinal — In the groin. 

Ingredient — One article of a compound mixture. 

Inhalation— To draw in the bre;'tli. 

Injection— Any preparation introduced into the rectum. 

Inorganic — Matter not having organs, all alike, as metals. 

Insanity — Derangement of the mind. 



6i2 Dr, Chase's Recipes. 

Insertion — The attachment of muscles and tendons to the bones, which they move 
by contraction. 

Inspiration — The act of drawing- in the breath. 

Inspissation — To thicken by boiling, to make what is called the concentrated extracts, 
desiccation. 

Instinct— An involuntary action, as closing the eyelids, breathing etc., natural percep- 
tion of animals. 

Integument — A covering, the skin. 

Inter — A prefix denoting between. 

Intercostal — Between the ribs. 

Intermission — Time between paroxysms of fever or other disease. 

Intermittent Fever — Fever which comes on at regular periods, between which there is 
little and sometimes no fever, an interval. 

Internal — Upon the inside. 

Interosseous — Between the bones. 

Interval — The time between paroxysms of periodical diseases, as ague, etc. 

Intestines — Contents of the abdomen. 

IntestinalCanal — Embracing the duodenum (the first division below the stomach,) the 
jejunum, (the second division of the small intestines,) the ilium, (the third and 
longest portion of the small intestines,) the secum, (the first portion of the large 
intestine,) the CO on, (the large intestine,) and the rectum, (the lower trap-door.) 

Intolerance — In medicine, applied to the eye, as intolerance of light; to the stomach as 
in tolerance of food. 

Inversio Uteri — Inversion of the uterus. 

Inversion — To turn inside out. 

Irreducible — Applied to hernia, and to joints which have been put out and cannot be put 
back to their place. 

Ischuria— Not being able to pass the urine. 

Issue — Sore made as a counter-irritant, to draw irritation from a diseased part. 

Itch— Psora, _ scabies, a catching eruption of the skin. 

Itis -An addition to a word denoting inflammation, pleuritis, pleurisy, etc. 

Ivory black— Animal charcoal. 

Jaundice— A diesase caused by the inactivity of the liver or ducts leading from it. 

Jelly — Gelatine in a fluid state, as applied to medicine. 

Jesuits bark— First name of peruvian bark, Irom its having been discovered by the 
Jesuit missionaries. 

Jug^ular — Applied to the veins of the throat. 

Jujube — An East India fruit something like a plumb, used in coughs, but of a doubtful 
reputation. 

Kali— -Potash. 

Kelp— Ashes of sea-weed. 

Knot— Surgeons tie their knot by passing the thread twice through the loop whicn pre- 
vents slipping. 

Labia — Lips. 

Labia Pedundi — Lips Or sides of the vulva. 

Labial— Of, or belonging to the lips. 

Labor— Child-birth, parturition. 

Laboratory — A place of chemical experiments or operations. 

Lancinating- Sharp, piercing, as lancinating pains. 

Laryngeal — Of the larynx. 

Larynx — The upper part of the throat. 

Laryngitis— Inflammation of the throat. 

Latent -Hidden, as Latent heat, see the remarks connected with steam boiler explosion. 

Lassitude — Weakness, a feeling of stupor. 

Laxative — A very gentle caihariic. 

Leptandrin — Powder made from the leptandria virginica, blackrcot, Culver's physic. 

Leucorrhea— Fluor albus, whites, chlorosis, etc. 

Levigate — To redue to very fine powder. 

Ligature— A thread, to ligate, to tie with a ligature. 

Located — Fixed, seated upon some organ. 

Lingua — The tongue. 

Linguist — A speaker, fluency, one who understands different languages. 

Liniment — A fluid preparation to be applied by friction. 

Lithontriptic— A medecine reported to dissolve gravel or stone in the bladder. 

Lithotomy — The operation of cutting, to take out stone of the bladder. 

Liver — The largest gland, and largest organ of the body. 

Livid — A dark colored spot on the surface. 

Loins — Lower part of the back. 

Lotion — A preparation to wash a sore. 

Lubricate— To soften with oil. or to moisten with fluid. The internal organs are cov- 
ered with a membrane which throws out a lubricating fluid, enabling them to move 
easily upon each other. 

Lute — A paste with which to close chemical retorts, the casein, curd of milk is used for 
that purpose. 



Glossarial Department. 613 

Lymph— A thin colorless fluid carried in small vein-like vessels called lymphatics. 

Macerate — To steep, to soften by soaking. 

Mai -Bad, mal practice, bad practice, not according to science. 

Malformation — irregular, unnatural formation. 

Malaria — Bad gases, causing disease, supposed to arise from decaying vegetable matter. 

Mamma — the female breast, which is composed of glands that secrete the milk, upon 
the principle that the liver secretes bile; each organ for its specific purpose; but 
secreting organs, or glands are the more liable to get obstructed, thus producing 
disease. 

Mastication —The act of chewing. 

Masturbation— Excitement, by the hand, of the genital organs. The most injurious, 
health-destroying, soul-debasing, of all evils introduced into the w^orld; because 
its frequent repetition draws very heavily on tlic nervous s^ stem, prostratmg the 
energies, destroying the memory, together with the life-principle, as well as the 
priniciples of morality which ought to govern every human being, between him- 
self and his Creator. 

Maturity — To become ripe, to arrive at adult age, beyond farther growth. 

Materia -Matter, healthy substance. 

Materia Medica— The science of medicine, and the medical combinations. 

Maturation -Formation of pus, healthy matter. 

Mv.trix — The womb. 

Meconium— The first passage after birth. • 

Medical — Relating to medicine. 

Medicated — Having medicine in its preparation. 

Membrane — A thin lining or covering, skin-like, as the peritoneum, which lines the 
cavity of the bowels and covers the intestines; and the periosteum, membrane, 
which covers the bones, etc. 

Medicament — A remedy; hence, medicamentum, the Welch remedy for every disease. 

Medicinal — Having medical properties. 

Medullary — Like marrow, brain-like. 

Mel — Honey 

Menstruation — Monthly flow. 

Mentha Piperita — Peppermint. 

Median — The middle. 

Mellifluous — Flowing with honey, sweetness, delicious; akin to luscious, juicy mellow- 
ness. 

Menorrhagia —Excessive flooding. 

Micturition — To urinate, to pass the urine. 

Midwifery — Art of assisting at child-birth. 

Minim About one drop, one-sixtieth of a fluid drachm. 

Minimum— The smallest, the smallest dose, the opposite of maximum. 

Modus Operandi— The way in which medicines act, applicable to any action, the way of 
doing it. 

Morbid — U nhealthy. 

Morbus — A disease; hence cholera morbus, a disease of the bowels. 

Mordant— That which fastens the colors in dyeing, as alum, cream-of-tartar, argal, 
vitriols, tin, liquor, etc. 

Mucus— Animal mucilage. 

Mucus Membrane— See remarks under the head of " Inflammation," in the body of the 
work. 

Mucilage — A watery solution of gum, or elm bark, etc. 

Muriatic — Having reference to sea salt. 

Muriatic Acid — Marine acid, often cahed hydrochloric acid. 

Muscle — A bundle of fibres. 

Muscular — Having reference to tlie muscles, strong built. 

Myrrh — A resinous gum. 

Narcotic— Stupefying medicines, producing sleep. 

Nares — The nostrils. 

Nasal — Of the nose. 

Nausea— Sickness of the stomach, may increase until vomiting takes place, or it may not. 

Nauseant — That which produces nausea. 

Navel— Centre of the abdomen. 

Necros — Death. 

Necrosis — Death of a bone. 

Nephros — The kidney. 

Nephritis— Inflammation of the kidneys. 

Nervous— Easily exciteil. 

Nervine— That which will allay, or soothe nervous excitement. 

Neuralgia— Pain in nerves. 

Nitre— Saltpeter. 

Nocturnal— Occurring in the night. 

Nitrate— Nitric acid combined with alkalies or alkaline salts. 

Normal— In a natural and healthy condition. 

Nostrum— A medical preparation. 



6 14 Dr. Chase' s Recipes » 



Nothus — Spurious, Illegitimate, a bastard. 

Nudus — Nude, without clothing. 

Nutrition — Nourishment, 

Nutritious — Nourishing. 

Obesity — Corpulence, excess of fat, or flesh. 

Obstetrics — The science of midwifery. 

Ochre — An ore of iron. 

Oculus — The eye. 

Oculist — An eye doctor. 

Oleaginous— An oily substance. 

Omentum — The caul, oeritoneal covering of the intestines. 

Opacity — To obstruct light. 

Opaque — Not transparent, inability to see through it. 

Opthalmos — The eye. 

Opthalmia — Disease of the eye, inflammation of the eye. 

Opiate— An anodyne. 

Organ— A part of the body, which has a certain work to perform, called the function of 
organs, as the stomacli, lungs, womb, etc. 

Organic — Bodies made up of organs. 

Organism — Vital organization. 

Organized — Furnished with life. 

Orgasm — The closing excitement of sexual connection. 

Origin — The point of commencement. 

Orihee — An opening 

Os Tince -Mouth of the womb, or uterus. 

Osseous —A bony substance. 

Ossification —To become bone; from ost, or osteo, a bone or like a bone. 

Ostalgia — Pain in a bone. 

Osteoma — Tumor, like bone. 

Ostitis— Inflammation of a bone or bones. 

Otic - Hiiving reference to the ear. 

Otitis — Inflammation of the ear. 

Ottorrhea— Discharge from the ear. 

Ova — An ^^%, made up of little eggs. 

Ovaria— Testes; most generally applied to the female; female testes, two egg-shaped 
bodies, (made up of little particles, or eggs,) having an attachment to the uterus 
in the broad ligaments, which support that organ, having tubes, or ducts, opening 
from them into the uterus, called Fallopian tubes, from the man's name who first 
gave a description of them. One of these particles is thrown off" at each men- 
strual flow. 

Oviparous - Birds, or any animals that produce their young from eggs, or by eggs. 

Ovum — An egg. 

Oxalic Acid — An acid found in sorrel, very poisonous. 

Oxide — A combination of oxygen with a metal or fluid, as oxygen combining with vin- 
egar-fluid forms vinegar, oxygen combining with iron, forms oxide of iron, rust 
of iron, etc. 

Oxygen — One of the elements of the air, an acidifying (souring) principle, and an ele- 
ment (a particle or part) of water. 

Ozymel— A preparation of vinegar and honey, from mel, honey. 

Ozena Fetid ulcer at the nose, or fetid discharge from the nose. 

Pabulum —Food; aliment. 

Pad — A cushion. 

Palliative— To afford relief, only. 

Palpitation— Unhealthy, or unnatural beating of the heart. 

Pan— As a prefix, means all. 

Panacea— Remedy for all diseases, consequently (speaking ironically) any patent medi- 
cine. 

Paralysis— Loss of motion; numb palsy. 

Partus— Labor; the young when brought forth. 

Parturition —Childbirth. 

Paroxysm— A fit of disease occurring at certain periods. 

Periodical — Occurring at a certain time. 

Petal -A flower leaf, as rose leaves, etc. 

Phthisis— A wasting; consumption. 

Pathos — A disease. 

Pathology— The doctrine of disease. 

Pectoral — Pertaining to the breast. 

Pediluvium— A foot-bath. 

Pendulous — To hang down. 

Penis —The male organ of generation. 

Pepsine— A peculiar substance in the stomach, which aids digestion. 

Peptic— Digestive; hence, dyspeptic, not digesting. 

Percolation— To run, or draw through some substance, straining. 



Glossarial Department. 615 

P'^monitory — To give a previous notice, as premonitory symptoms. 

Peri -Around; a covering. 

Pericardium — Around the ^leart; sac containing- the heart. 

Pericarditis — Inflammation of the pericardium. 

Perin — A testicle; male organs; corresponding with testes in females, with this differ- 
ence, however, that with males they are upon the outside, whilst with females 
they are upon the inside of the body. 

Perineum — That part between the anus and organs of generation or genitals. 

Perineal — Relatinir to the region of the perineum. 

Period — A certain time. 

Periodicity — Returning at a certain time. 

Periosteum — The membrane which covers all bones. 

Perspective View — As it appears to the eye at a certain distance. 

Perturbation — To disturb. 

Perversion — An unhealthv change; to change from its proper or natural course. 

Pessary— That which will support or hold up the womb in prolapsus; see our remarks 
on '• Female Debility." 

Phagedenic — An eating and fast-spreading ulcer. 

Pharmacy — The art of combining and preparing medicines. 

Phlegm— Mucus from the bronchial tubes, and throat. 

Phlogistic — Tendency to inflammation. 

Phosphorus — An inflammable and luminous substance, prepared from urine and bones. 

Phosphate— Phosphoric acid in combination of metals, as phosphate of iron, phosphate 
of lime, etc. 

Piles — Tumors at or in the anus; sometimes protruding; often attended with hemor- 
rhage, then called hemorrhoids. 

Piperine — A preparation from black pepper, considered valuable in ague. 

Placenta — After-birth, which has a connection to the womb and to the child during 
pregnancy; but it is naturally thrown off by the violent contractions of the womb 
at this period, there being- no further use for it. Oh, the wisdom of our Creator I 
How glorious to contemplate 1 Everything adapted to the necessities of the case. 

Plethora -Over fullness; if healthy, causmg obesity, corpulence. 

Pleuritis — Inflammation of the pleura; pleurisy. 

Pleura— The serous membrane covering the lungs, and folded upon the sides. 

Pneumon— The lungs. 

Pneumonia— Inflammation of the lungs. 

Podophyllin— A powder made from the podophyllum peltatum, mandrake root, 

Pomum — The apple; hence, pomace, mashed apple. 

Potassium— The basis of potash. 

Potus — A drink; hence, potion, a medicated drink. 

Predisposition — A tendency to a certain disease. 

Pregnancy— Being with child. 

Prognosis — The art of guessing how a disease will terminate. 

Prolapsus — A falling. 

Pro apsus Ani — Falling of the anus. 

Prolapsus Uteri— Falling of the uterus. 

Prostration — Without strength. 

Prussiate —A compound with prussic acid. 

Prussia Acid— Hydrocyanic acid; one of, or the most virulent poisons in existence. 

Psora — The itch. 

Pubes — The prominence at the lower front part of the body. 

Puberty— Full growth; an aduli ; perfection. 

Pubic — Having reference to the region of the pubes. 

Pudendum — The female organs of generation. 

Puer — A boy, or child. 

Puerpera— A woman who has just brought forth a child; hence, puerperal fever at or 
soon after childbirth. 

Pulmo — A lung. 

Pulmonitis — Inflammation of the lung or lungs. 

Pulmonary— Relating to the lungs, as pulmonary balsam, pulmonic wafers, etc. 

Pulvis— A powder; hence, pulverize, to make fine. All these words show how heavily 
we have drawn upon other languages for our own, consequently the necessity of 
studying the Latin and Greek, to properly understand ours. 

Pupil — The dark circle in the eye. 

Purgative — A gentle cathartic. 

Pus — Unhealthy matter. 

Pustule — A slight elevation, having pus. 

Putrefaction— To decompose by fermentation. 

Putrid— Rotten ; decomposed. .^ i- i /••*. 

Pyroligneous Acid— An acid obtained from wood; the essence of smoke; if a little ol it 
is put into a barrel with meat in the brine, it smokes it without trouble. I think a 
gill to the barrel sufficient; perhaps a little less will do. It is obtained by insert- 
ing an old gun-barrel or other iron lube into a coal-pit, near the bottom, when 
burning ; it condenses in the tube, and drops from the outer end into a dish, then 
bottled for use. 



6i6 Dr, Chase's Recipes, 

Quassia— A bitter tonic; the chips of the wood are used, 

Kachis — The spine. 

Rachitis— Rickets, bending of the spine, and sometimes the long bones of the limbs; 
may be also enlargement of the head, bowels, and the ends of the long bones. 

Radius — The bone of the upper arm. 

Radial — Having reference to the upper arm. 

Radiated — Diverging from a center. 

Radix — A root. 

Ramus — A branch. 

Ramification — To branch out. 

Rancidity— Rancid, stale; applied to oil, fat, butter, etc. 

Rash— A redness of the skin, in patches. 

Ratsbane — Arsenious acid; arsenic. 

Rattle — Noise of air passing through mucus, as in croup. 

Reaction — To return, after recession. 

Recession— Striking in the blood, or disease going to the internal organs. 

Recini Oleum — Castor oil. 

Rectum — The lower portion of the intestines. 

Reduction -To set a fracture, or to return a hernia. 

Refrigerant — A cooling medicine or drink. 

Regimen— Regulation of diet and habits, to preserve health or to cure disease. 

Relapse— Recurrence of disease after an improved appearance, which is generally wors* 
than the first attack. 

Relaxation— Losing the healthy tone of any part, or the whole system. 

Repletion — Fullness. 

Reproduction — Generation ; procreation. 

Respiration — To breathe, including both inspiration and expiration. 

Resolution— To return to health; applied to inflammations. 

Retching — An effort to vomit. 

Retention — Delay of the natural passage of the urine or feces. 

Revulsion— To draw away disease, as draughts, or blisters, irritating plasters, etc. 

Rheumatism — Inflammation of the fibrous tissue, mostly confined lo the large joints. 

Rigor — Coldness, with shivering. 

Rochelle Salts — A mixture of tartarale of potash and soda. 

Rubefacients — Medicines which cause redness of the skin, as mustard, radish leaves, etc. 

Rupture — Hernia; by some c.illed a breach. 

Saccharine — The properties of sugar. 

Saliva — The secretion of the mouth, spittle; hence, salivation, an increased flow t»f 
saliva. 

Salt— A compound of an acid with an alkali, or metal. 

Saltpetre— Nitrate of potash. 

Salubrious— Climate favorable to health. 

Sanative — A curative medicine. 

Sanguis — Blood. 

Sanguineous — Bloody; sanguineous discharge, as bloody-fiux. 

Santonin — A powder obtained from worm-seed. 

Sarcoma — A fleshy tumor, generally of a cancerous nature. 

Scabies— The itch. 

Scirrhus — A hard tumor, generally of a cancerous nature. 

Scrofula — A constitutional tendency to disease of the glands. 

Scrotum —The sac which encloses the testicles. 

Sedative— To depress, the opposite of stimulation. 

Seidlitz — A village in Bohemia; hence, Seidlitz powders, which originated at that place. 

Sinapis — Mustard : hence, sinapisms, mustard plasters. 

Slough— Death of a p irt, allowing it to come out from the healthy part. 

Stimulant — A medicine calculated to excite an increased and healthy action. 

Styptic — To stop bleeding. 

Snake Root - Common or Virginia snake-root ; but black snake-root is the black cohosh. 

Spasm Cramp, or convulsion. 

Specific — A remedy having a uniform action, producing health. 

Sperm — Seminal fluid, now more often called the semen, seed. 

Speimatic— Having reference to the testicles, or ovaries. 

Spina — Tho backbone; hence, spine. 

Stitch — A spasmodic pain. 

Stoma — The mouth. 

Stomatitis — Inflammation of the mouth. 

Strangulation — To choke : also applied to hernia which cannot be redvced. 

Sudor- Sweat; hence, sudorific, to sweat. 

Sulphate — A combination with sulphuric acid. 

Sulphuric Acid — Oil of vitriol. 

Suppression — An arrest of natural discharge. 

Suppuration — To produce pus. 

Sympathy— To be affected by the disease of another organ, as sick-headache from over- 
loading the stomach. 



Glossarial Department. 617 

Symptom — A sign of disease. 

Syncope — To bwoon ; fainting-, 

Syph.Hs — Disease from sexual connection with those who have venereal disease. 

Tannic Acid — An acid from oak bark; an astringent. 

Tartaric Acid — An acid from cream-of-tartar, found in grapes. 

Tenesmus— Difficult)' and pain at stool, with a desire to go to stool often. 

Tent— A roll of lint or cloth to keep wounds open until they heal from the bottom. 

Testes — Testicles. 

Therapeutics — Relating- to a knowledge of treating disease : the curative action of 

medicine. 
Thorax -The chest. 

Tibia — The large bone of the lower leg. 
Tonsils —Glands on each side of the throat. 
Trachea — The windpipe. 

Translation— Disease going to some other organ. 
Triturate — To rub into a powder. 

Tumor — An enlargement of a portion, usually of the external parts* 
Ulna — Smail, or under bone oi the arm. 
Umbilicus — The navel. 

Ureter -Duct leading from the kidney to the bladder. 
Urethra— Duct leading out from the bladder. 
Uterus — The womb. 

Vagina — The passage from the womb to the "vulva. 
Venery — Sexual indulgence. 

Vermifuge— Having the property to destroy worms. 
Virus — Contagious poison. 

Vulva — External opening of the female genitals. 
"Whites — Fluor albus. 
Yeast- The principle of fermentation. 
Ziixci Sulphas— Sulphate of zinc; white vitriol. 



HINTS ON ETIQUETTE AND PERSONAL MANNERS. 



BY THE PUBLISHER. 



Introdnction to Society. — Avoid all extravagance and mannerism, 
and be not over timid at the outset. Be discreet and sparing of your 
words. Awkwardness is a great misfortune, but it is not an unpardon- 
able fault. To deserve the reputation of moving in good society, 
something more is requisite than the avoidance of blunt rudeness. 
Strictly keep to your engagements. Punctuality is the essence of 
politeness. 

The Toilet. — Too much attention cannot be paid to the arrange- 
ment of the toilet. A man is often judged by his appearance, and sel- 
dom incorrectly. A neat exterior, equally free from extravagance and 
poverty, almost always proclaims a right-minded man. To dress ap- 
propriately, and with good taste, is to respect yourself and others. A 
gentleman walking, should always wear gloves, this being one of the 
characteristics of good breeding. Fine linen, and a good hat, gloves, 
and boots, are evidences of the highest taste in dress. 

^ Visiting' Dress. — A black coat and pants are indispensable for a 
visit of ceremony, an entertainment, or a ball. The white or black 
waistcoat is equally proper in these cases. 

Officers^ Dress. — Upon public and state occasions officers should 
appear in uniform. 

Ladies^ Dress. — Ladies' dresses should be chosen so as to produce 
an agreeable harmony. Never put on a dark-colored bonnet with a 
light spring costume. Avoid uniting colors which will suggest an epi- 
gram; such as a straw-colored dress with a green bonnet. 

Arrangement of tlie Hair. — The arrangement of the hair is most 
important. Bands are becoming to faces of a Grecian caste. Ringlets 
better suit lively and expressive heads. 

Excess of Lace and Flowers. — Whatever be your style of face, 
avoid an excess of lace, and let flowers be few and choice. " 

Appropriateness of Ornaments. — In a mariied woman a richer 
style of ornament is admissible. Costly elegance for her — for the young 
girl, a style of modest simplicity. 

Simplicity and Grace. — The most elegant dress loses its character 
if it is not worn with grace. Young girls have often an air of con- 
straint, and their dress seems to partake of their want of ease. In 
speaking of her toilet, a woman should not convey the idea that her 
whole skill consists in adjusting tastefully some trifling ornaments. A 
simple style of dress is an indication of modesty. 

Cleanliness. — The hands should receive esj^ecial attention. They 
are tlie outward signs of general cleanliness. The same may be said 
of the face, the neck, tiie ears, nnd the teeth. The cleanliness of the 
system generally, and of bodily apparel, pertains to health, and is 
treated of under this head. 



Etiquette and Personal Manners. 619 

The Handkerchief. — There is considerable art in using this ac- 
cessory of dress and comfort. Avoid extreme patterns, styles, and 
colors. Never be without a handkerchief. Hold it freely in the hand, 
and do not roll it into a ball. Hold it by the center, and let the corners 
form a fan-lilve expansion. Avoid using it too much. With some 
persons the habit becomes troublesome and unpleasant. 

Visits and Presentations. — Friendly calls should be made in the 
forenoon, and require neatness, without costliness of dress. 

Calls to give invitations to dinner-parties, or balls, should be very 
short, and should be paid in the afternoon. 

Visits of condolence require a grave style of dress. 

A formal visit should never be made before noon. If a second 
visitor is announced, it will be proper for yon to retire, unless you are 
very intimate both with the host and the visitor announced; unless, 
indeed, the host express a wish for you to remain. 

Visits after balls or parties should be made within a month. 

In the latter it is customary to enclose your card in an envelop, 
bearing the address outside. This may be sent by post, if you reside 
at a distance. 

But, if living in the neighborhood, it is polite to send your servant, 
or to call. \\\ the latter case a corner should be turned down. 

Scrape your shoes and use the mat. Never appear in a drawing- 
room with mud on your boots. 

When a new visitor enters a drawing-room, if it be a gentleman, 
theladies bow slightly; if a lady, the guests rise. 

Hold your hat in your hand, unless requested to place it down. 
Then lay it beside you. 

The last arrival in a drawing-room takes a seat left vacant near 
the mistress of the house. 

A lady is not required to rise to receive a gentleman, nor accom- 
pany him to the door. 

When your visitor retires, ring the bell for the servant. You may 
then accompany your guest as far towards the door as .the circum- 
stances of your friendsliip seem to demand. 

Request the servant, during the visit of guests, to be ready to at- 
tend to the door the moment the bell rings. 

When you introduce a person, pronounce the name distinctly, and 
say whatever you can to make the introduction agreeable. Such as 
"an old and valued friend," "a schoolfellow of mine," "an old ac- 
quaintance of our family." 

Never stare about you in a room as if you were taking stock. 

The gloves should not be removed during a call. 

Be hearty in your reception of guests; and where you see much 
diffidence, assist the stranger to throw it off. 

A lady does not put her address on her visiting card. 

Balls and Evening Parties. — An invitation to a ball should be 
given at least a week beforehand. 

Upon entering, first address the lady of the house; and after her, 
the nearest acquaintances you may recognize in the house. 

If you introduce a friend, make him acquainted with the names of 
the chief persons present. But first present him to the lady of the 
house, and to the host. 

Appear in full dress. 

Always wear gloves. 

Do not wear rings on the outside of your gloves. 

Avoid an excess of jewelry. 



620 Etiquette and Personal Manners, 

Do not select the same partner frequently. 

Distribute your attentions as much as possible. 

Pay respectful attention to elderly persons. 

Be cordial when serving refreshments, but not importunate. 

If there are more dancers than the room will accommodate, do not 
join iu everj' dance. 

In leaving a large party it is unnecessary to hid farewell, and im- 
proper to do so before the guests. 

A Paris card of invitation to an evening party usually Implies that 
you are Invited for the season. 

Cliess and all unsociable games should be avoided. 

The host and hostess should look after their guests, and not con- 
fine their attentions. They should, in fact, assist those chiefly who are 
least know in the roomn. 

Avoid political and religious discussions. If you have a "hobby," 
keep it to yourself. 

After dancing, conduct your partner to a seat. 

Resign her as soon as her next partner advances. 

Wedding Dress. — It is impossible to lay down specific rules for 
dress, as fashions change, and tastes differ. The great art consists in 
selecting the style of dress most becoming to the person. A stout per- 
son should adopt a different style from a thin person; a tall one from 
a short one. Peculiarities of complexion, and form of face and figure, 
should be duly regarded; and in these matters there is no better course 
than to call in the aid of any respectable milliner and dressmaker, who 
will be found ready to give the best advice. The bridegroom should 
simply appear in full dress, and should avoid everything eccentric and 
broad in style. The bridesmaids should always be made aware of the 
bride's dress before they choose their own, which should be determined 
by a proper harmony with tlie former. 

Hints upon Personal Manners. — It is sometimes objected to books 
on etiquette that they cause those who consult them to act with mechan- 
ical restraint, and to show in society that they are governed by arbi- 
trary rules, rather than by an intuitive perception of what is graceful 
and polite. 

This objection is unsound, because it supposes that people who 
study the theory of etiquette do not also exercise their powers of ob- 
servation in society, and obtain, by their intercourse with others, that 
freedom and ease of deportment which society alone can impart. 

Books upon etiquette are useful, inasmuch as they expound the laws 
of polite society. Experience alone, however, can give effect to the 
precise manner in which those laws are required to be observed. 

Whatever objections may be raised to the teachings of works on 
etiquette, there can be no sound argument against a series of simple 
and brief hints, which shall operate as precautions against mistakes in 
personal conduct. 

Avoid intermeddling with the affairs of others. This is a most 
common fault. A number of persons seldom meet but they begin 
discussing the affairs of some one who is absent. This is not only un- 
charitable, but positively unjust. It is equivalent to trying a cause in 
the absence of tlie person implicated. Even in the criminal code the 
prisoner is presumed to be innocent until he is found guilty. Society, 
however, is less jnst, and passes judgment without hearing the defense. 
Depend upon it, as a certain rule, that the people who unite with you in 
discussing the affairs of others wilt proceed to scandalize pou in your absence. 

Be consistent in the avowal of principles. Do not deny to-day 



Etiquette and Personal Manners, 6i2i 

that wliich you asserted yesterday. If you do, you will stultify your- 
self, and your opinions will soon be found to have no wei<2:lit. You 
may fancy that you gain favor by subserviency; but so far from gain- 
ing favor, vou lose respect. 

Avoid falsehood. There can be found no higher virtue than the 
love of truth. The man who deceives others must himself become the 
victim of morbid distrust. Knowing the deceit of his own heart, nnd 
the falsehood of his own tongue, his eyes must always be tilled with 
suspicion, and he must lose the greatest of all happiness— conlidence m 
those who surround him. 

The following elements of manly character are worthy of frequent 
meditation: 

To be wise in his disputes. 

To be a lamb in his home. 

To be brave in battle and great in moral courage. 

To be discreet in public. 

To be a teacher in his household. 

To be a council in his nation. 

To be an arbitrator in his vicinity. 

To be a legislator in his country. 

To be conscientious in his actions. 

To be happy in his life. 

To be diligent in his calling. 

To be just in his dealing. 

That whatever he doeth be to the will of God. 

Avoid manifestations of ill-temper. Reason is given for man's 
guidance. Passion is the tempest by which reason is overthrown. 
Under the effects of passion, man's mind becomes disordered, his face 
disfigured, his body deformed. A moment's passion has frequently cut 
off a life's friendship, destroyed a life's hope, embittered a life's peace, 
and brought unending sorrow and disgrace. It is scarcely worth while 
to enter into a comparative analysis of ill-temper and passion; they are 
alike discreditable and injurious, and should stand equally condemned. 

Avoid pride. If you are handsome, God made you so; if you 
are learned, some one instructed you; if you are rich, God gave you 
what you own. It is for others to perceive your goodness; but you 
should be blind to your own merits. There can be no comfort in 
deeming yourself better than you really are; that is self-deception. 
The best men throughout all history have been the most humble. 

Affectation is a form of pride. It is, in fact, pride made ridiculous 
and contemptible. Some one writing upon affectation has remarked 
as follows: 

"If anything will sicken and disgust a man, it is the affected, 
mincing way in which some people choose to talk. It is peifectly 
nauseous. If these young jackanapes, who screw their words into all 
manner of diabolical shapes, could only feel how perfectly disgusting 
they w^ere, it might induce them to drop it. With many, it soon be- 
comes such a confirmed habit that they cannot again be taught to talk 
in a plain, straightforward, manly way. In the lower order of ladies' 
boarding schools, and, indeed, too much everywhere, the same sicken- 
ing, mincing tone is too often found. Do, pray, good people, do talk in 
your natural tone, if you don't wish to be utterly ridiculous and con- 
temptible." 

We have adopted the foregoing paragraph because we approve of 
some of itG sentiments, but chiefly because it shows that persons who 
object to affectation may go to the other extreme— vulgarity. It is 



622 Etiquette and Personal Manners. 

vulgar, we think, to call even the most affected people "Jackanapes, 
who screw their words into all manner of diabolical shapes." Avoid 
vulgarity in manner, in speech, and in correspondence. To conduct 
yourself vulgarly is to offer otfense to those who are around you; to 
bring upon yourself the condemnation of persons of good taste; and to 
incur the penalty of exclusion from good society. Thus, cast among 
the vulgar, you become the victim of your own error. 

Avoid swearing. An oath is but the wrath of a perturbed spirit. 
It is mean. A man of high moral standing would rather treat an of- 
fence with contempt than show his indignation by an oath. It is xiul- 
gar ; altogether too low for a decent man. it is cowardly ; implying a 
fear either of not being believed or obeyed. It is ungentlemanly . A 

fentleman, according to Webster, is a genteel man — well-bred, refined, 
t is indecent ; offensive to delicacy, and extremely unfit for human 
ears. It \s foolish. " Want of decency is want of sense." It is abusive 
— to the mind which conceives the oath, to the tongue which utters it, 
and to the person at whom it is aimed. It is venomous ; showing a 
nvn'i h'lirt to be as a nest of vipers; and every time he swears, one of 
tiicin starts out from his head. It is contemptible; forfeiting the respect 
of all the wise and good. It is wicked; violating the Divine law, and 
provoking the displeasure of Him who will not hold him guiltless who 
takes His name in vain. 

Be a gentleman. Moderation, decorum, and neatness distinguish 
the gentleman ; he is at all times affable, diffident, and studious to 
please. Intelligent and polite, his beiiavior is pleasant and graceful. 
When he enters the dwelling of an inferior, he endeavors to hide, if 
possible, the difference between their ranks in life; ever willing to as- 
sist those around him, he is neither unkind, haughty, nor overbeai-ing. 

Be honest. Not only because *' honesty is the best policy," but be- 
cause it is a duty to God and to man. The heart that can be gratified 
by dishonest gains; the ambition that can be satisfied by dishonest 
means; the mind that can be devoted to dishonest purposes, must be of 
the worst order. 

Having laid down these general principles for the government of 
personal conduct, we will epitomize what we would still enforce: 

Avoid idleness — it is the parent of many evils. Can you pray, 
" Give us this day our daily bread," and not hear the reply, " Do thou 
this day thy daily duty " ? 

Avoid telling idle tales, which is like firing arrows in the dark ; 
you know not into whose heart they may fall. 

Avoid talking about yourself, praising your own work, and pro- 
claiming your own deeds. If they are good they will proclaim them- 
selves; if bad, the less you say of them the better. 

Avoid envy; for it cannot benefit you, nor can it injure those 
against whom it is cherished. 

Avoid disputation for the mere sake of argument. The man who 
disputes obstinately, and in a bigoted spirit, is like the man who would 
stop the fountain from which he should drink. Earnest discussion is 
commendable ; but factious argument never yet produced a good result. 

Be kind in little things. The true generosity of the heart is more 
displayed by deeds of minor kindness, than by acts which may partake 
of ostentation. 

Be polite. Politeness is the poetry of conduct — and like poetry, it 
has many qualities. Let not your politeness be too florid, but of that 
gentle kind which indicates a refined nature. 

Be sociable — avoid reserve in society. Remember that the social 



Etiquette and Personal Manners, 623 

elements, like the air we breathe, are purified by motion. Thought 
illumines thought, and smiles win smiles. 

Be punctual. One minute too Lite has lost many a golden oppor- 
tunity. Besides which, the want of punctuality is an affront offered to 
the person to whom your presence is due. 

The foregoing remarks may be said to apply to the moral conduct, 
rather than to the details of personal manners. Great principles, how- 
ever, suggest minor ones ; and hence, from the principles laid down, 
many hints upon personal behavior may be gathered. 

Be hearty in your salutations, discreet and sincere in your friend- 
ships. 

Prefer to listen rather than to talk. 

Behave, even in the presence of your relations, as though you felt 
respect to be due to them. 

In society never forget that you are but one of many. 

When you visit a friend, conform to the rules of his household ; 
lean not upon his tables, nor rub your feet against his chairs. 

Pry not into letters that are not your own. 

Pay unmistakable respect to ladies everywhere. 

Beware of foppery, and of silly flirtation. 

In public places be not too pertinacious of your own rights, but 
find pleasure in making concessions. 

Speak distinctly, look at the person to whom you speak, and when 
you have spoken, give him an opportunity to reply. 

Avoid drunkenness as you would a curse -, and modify all appetites, 
especially those that are acquired. 

Dress well, but not superfluously; be neither like a sloven, nor 
like a stuffed model. 

Keep away all uncleanly appearances from the person. Let the 
nails, the teeth, and, in fact, the whole system receive salutary rather 
than studied care. But let these things receive attention at the toilette 
— not elsewhere. 

Avoid displaying excess of jewelry. Nothing looks more effem- 
inate upon a man. 

Be modest and sensible. Do not be above your business, no mat- 
ter what that may be, but strive to be the best in that line. He who 
turns up his nose at his work quarrels with his bread and butter. He 
is a poor smith who quarrels with his own sparks; there's no phame 
about any honest calling; don't be afraid of soiling your hands, there's 
plenty of soap to be had. You cannot get honey if you are frightened 
at bees, nor plant corn if you are afraid of getting mud on your boots. 
Above all, avoid laziness. There is plenty to do in this world for every 
pair of hands placed in it, and we must so work that the world will be 
richer because of our having lived in it. 

Every one of these suggestions may be regarded as the center of 
many others, which the earnest mind cannot fail to discover. 

(Choice of Friends. — We should ever have it fixed in our memo- 
ries, that by the character of those whom we choose for our friends ouroicn 
character is likely to he formed, and will ceitainly be judged of by the 
world. We ought, therefore, to be slow and cautious in contracting 
intimacy; but when a virtuous friendship is once established, we must 
ever consider it as a sacred engagement. — Dr. Blair, 

Words. — Soft words soften the soul — angry words are fuel to the 
flame of wrath, and make it blaze more freely. Kind words make 
other people good-natured — cold woi'ds freeze people, and hot words 
scorch them, and bitter words make them bitter, and wrathful words 



624 Etiquette and Personal Manners. 

make wrathful. There is such a rush of all other kinds of words in 
our days, that it seems desirable to give kind words a chance among 
them. There are vain words, and idle words, and hasty words, and 
spiteful words, and silly words, and empty words, and profane words, 
and boisterous words, and wai-like words. Kind words also produce 
their own image on men's souls, and a beautiful image it is. They 
smooth, and quiet, and comfort the hearer. They shame him out of 
his sour, and morose, and unkind feelings. We have not yet begun to 
use kind woi'ds in such abundance as they ought to be used. 

Gossipingr. — If you wish to cultivate a gossiping, meddling, cen- 
sorious spirit in your children, be sure when they come home from 
church, a visit, or any other place where you do not accompany them, 
to ply them with questions concerning Miiat everybody wore, how 
everybody looked, and what everybody said and did ; and if you find 
anything in this to censure, always do it in their hearing. You may 
rest assured, if you pursue a course of this kind, they will not return 
to you unladen with intelligence; and, rather than it should be unin- 
teresting, they will by degrees learn to embellish, in such a manner as 
shall not fail to call forth remarks and expressions of wonder from 
you. You will, by this course, render the spirit of curiosity, which is 
so early visible in chiklren, and which, if rightly directed, may be 
made the instrument of enriching and enlarging their minds, a vehicle 
of mischief which will serve only to narrow them. 

Rules of Conduct, — We cannot do better than quote the valuable 
injunctions of that excellent woman, Mrs. Fry, who combined in her 
character and conduct all that is truly excellent in woman: 1. I never 
lose any time— I do not think that time lost which is spent in amuse- 
ment or recreation some part of each day; but always be in the habit 
of being employed. 2. Never err the least in truth. 3. Never say an 
ill thing of a person when thou can not say a good thing of him; not 
only speak charitably, but feel so. 4. Never be irritable or unkind to 
anybod}^ 5. Never indulge yourself in luxuries that are not neces- 
saiy. 6. Do all things with consideration; and when thy path to act 
riglit is most difficult, feel confidence in that Power alone which is able 
to assist thee, and exert thy own powers as far as they go. 

The Female Temper. — No trait of character is more agreeable in 
a female than the possession of a sweet temper. Home can never be 
happy without it. It is like the flowers that spring up in our pathway, 
reviving and cheering us. Let a man go home at night, wearied and 
worn by the toils of the day, and how soothing is a word dictated by 
a good disposition ! It is sunshine falling on his heart. He is happ3% 
and the cares of life are forgotten. A sweet temper has a soothing in- 
fluence over the minds of a whole family. Where it is found in the 
wife and mother, you observe a kindness and love predominating over 
the natural feelings of a bad heart. Smiles, kind words and looks, 
characterize the children, and peace and love have their dwelling there. 
Study, then, to acquire and maintain a sweet temper. 

Counsels for the Youngr.— Never be cast down by trifles. If a 
spider break his thread twenty times, twenty times will he mend it 
again. Make up your mind to do a thing, and you will do it. Fear 
not if a trouble comes upon you; keep up your spirits, though the day 
be a dark one. If the sun is going down, look up to the stars. If the 
earth is dark, keep your eve on heaven. With God's promises, a man 
or a child may be cheerful. Mind what you run after. Never be con- 
tent with a bubble that will burst, firewood that will end in smoke and 
darkness. Get that which you can keep, and which is worth keeping. 



Etiquette and Personal Manners. 625 

Fight hard against a hasty temper. Anger will come, but resist it 
strongly. A tit of passion may give you cause to mourn all the days 
of your life. Never revenge an injury. If you have an enemy, act 
kindly to him, and make him your friend. You may not win him over 
at once, but try again. Let one kindness be followed bj^ another, till 
you have compassed your end. By little and little, great things are 
completed ; and repented kindness will soften the heart of stone. 
Whatever you do, do it willingly. A boy that is whipped to school 
never learns his lessons well. A man who is compelled to work, cares 
not how badly it is performed. He that pulls oft* his coat cheerfully, 
strips up his sleeves in earnest, and sings while he works, is the nicln 
of action. 

Advice to Yonng Ladies. — If you have blue eyes, you need not 
languish. 

If black eyes, you need not stare. 

If you have pretty feet, there is no occasion to wear short petti- 
coats. 

If you are doubtful as to that point, there can be no harm in let- 
ting the petticoats be long. 

If you have good teeth, do not laugh for the purpose of showing 
them. 

If you have bad ones, do not laugh less than the occasion may 
justify. 

If you have pretty hands and arms, there can be no objection to 
your playing on the harp if you play well. 

If they are disposed to be clumsy, work tapestry. 

If you have a bad voice, rather speak in a low tone. 

If you have the finest voice in the world, never speak in a high 
tone. 

If you dance well, dance but seldom. 

If you dance ill, never dance at all. 

If you sing well, make no previous excuses. 

If you sing indifferently, hesitate not a moment when you are 
asked, for few people are judges of singing, but every one is sensible 
of a desire to please. 

If you would preserve beauty, rise early. 

If you would preserve esteem, be gentle. 

If you would obtain power, be condescending. 

If you would live happily, endeavor to promote the happiness of 
others. 

To Young Ladies. — In marrying, make your own match. Do not 
marry any one to get rid of him, or to oblige him, or to save him. 
The man who would go to destruction without you, would quite likely 
go with you, and perhaps drag you along. Do not marrj^ in haste , lest 
you repent at leisure. Do not marry for a home and a living, wiicu 
by burning up your corsets and taking care of your health you cnn be 
strong enough to earn your own living. Do not let aunts, fathers, oi- 
mothers, sell you for money or position into bondage, tears, antl life- 
long misery, which you alone must endure. Do not place yourself 
habitually in the company of any suitor till j'ou have decided the 
question of marriage; human wills are weak, and peo])le olten become 
bewildered, and do not know their error till it is too late. Get aw;iy 
from their influence, settle your head, and make up your mind aloiu-. 
A promise may be made in an hour of half-deliiious ecstasy, which 
must be redeemed through years of sorrow, toil and i)ain. " Do not 
trust your happiness in the keeping of one who has no heart, no head, 
27 



626 Etiquette and Personal Manners. 

no health. Beware of insane blood. Do not rush thoughtlessly, has- 
tily, into wedded life, contrary to the counsel of your best friends. 
Love can wait; that which cannot wait is something of a very dift'erent 
character. 

Attentiveness. — How much more we might make of our family 
life, of our friendships, if every secret thought of love blossomed into 
a deed ! We are not now speaking merely of personal caresses. These 
may, or may not, be the best language of affection. But there are 
words and looks and little observances, thoughtfulnesses, watchful 
little attentions, which make it manifest, and there is scarcely a family 
that might not be richer in heart-wealth for more of them. 

It is a mistake to suppose that relations must of course love each 
other because they are leiations. Love must be cultivated, and can be 
increased by judicious culture, as wild fruits may double their bearing 
under the hand of a gardener; and love can dwindle and die out by 
neglect, as choice flower-seeds planted in poor soil dwindle and grow 
single. — Atlantic. 

Conversation. — There are many talkers, but few w^ho know how 
to converse agreeably. Speak distinctly, neither too rapidly nor too 
slowly. Accommodate the pitch of j^our voice to the hearing of the 
person with whom you are conversing. Never speak with your mouth 
full. Tell your jokes, and laugh afterwards. Dispense with superflu- 
ous words — such as, "Well, I should think."" 

Tlie woman who wishes her conversation to be agreeable, will 
avoid conceit or aftectation, and laughter which is not natural and 
spontaneous. Her language will be easy and unstudied, marked by a 
graceful carelessness, which, at the same time, never oversteps the 
limits of propriety. Her lips will readily yield to a pleasant smile; 
she will not love to hear heiself talk; her tones will bear the impress 
of sincerity, and her eyes kindle with animation as she speaks. The 
art of pleasing is, in truth, the very soul of good breeding; for the 
pi-ecise object of the latter is to render us agreeable to all with whom 
we associate — to make us, at the same time, esteemed and loved. 

We need scarcely advert to the rudeness of interrupting any one 
who is speaking, or the impropriety of pushing, to its full extent, a 
discussion vvhich has become unpleasant. 

Some men have a mania for Greek and Latin quotations; this is 
peculiarly to be avoided. It is like pulling up the stones from a tomb 
wherewith to kill the living. Nothing is more wearisome than pe- 
dantry. 

If 5'ou feel your intellectual superiority to any one with whom 
you are conversing, do not seek to bear him down; it would be an in- 
glorious triumph, and a breach of good manners. Beware, too, of 
speaking lightly of subjects which bear a sacred character. 

It is a common idea that the art of writing and the art of conver- 
sation are one; this is a great mistyke. A man of genius may be a 
very dull talker. 

The two grand modes of making your conversation interesting, 
are to enliven it by recitals calculated to affect and impress your hear- 
ers, and to intersperse it with anecdotes and smart things. 

Ceremonies. — All ceremonies are in themselves superficial things; 
yet a man of the world should know them. They are the outworks of 
manners and decency, which would be too often broken in upon, if it 
wei-e not for that defense which keeps the enemy at a proper distance. 
It is for that reason we always treat fools and coxcombs with great 
ceremony, true good breeding not being a suflEicient barrier agaiust 
them. 



Etiquette and Personal Manners. 627 

The Art of being* Agreeable. — The true art of being agreeable is 
to appear well pleased with all the comi)any, and rather to seem well 
entertained with them than to bring entertainment to them. A man 
thus disposed, perhaps may not have much learning, nor any wit; but 
if he has common sense, and something friendly in his behavior, it 
conciliates men's minds more than the brightest parts without this dis- 
position; and when a man of such a turn comes to old age, he is al- 
most sure to be treated with respect. It is true, indeed, that we should 
not dissemble and flatter in company ; but a man may be very agree- 
able, strictly consistent with truth and sincerity, by a prudent silence 
where he cannot concur, and a pleasing assent where he can. Now 
and then you meet with a person so exactly formed to please, that he 
will gain upon q\^vy one that hears or beholds him; this disposition is 
not merely the gift of nature, but frequently the effect of much knowl- 
edge of the world, and a command over the passions. 

Artificial Manners. — Artificial manners, and such as spring from 
good tjiste and refinement, can never be mistaken, and differ as widely 
as gold and tinsel. How captivating is gentleness of manner derived 
from true humility, and how faint is every imitation ! The one resem- 
bles a glorious rainbow, spanning a dark cloud ; the other, its pale at- 
tendant, the water-gall. That suavity of manner which renders a real 
gentlewoman courteous to all, and careful to avoid giving offense, is 
often copied by those who merely subject themselves to certain rules 
of etiquette; but very awkward is the copy. Warm professions of 
regard are bestowed on those who do not expect them, and the esteem 
which is due to merit appears to be lavished on every one alike. And 
as true humility, blended with a right appreciation of self-respect, 
gives a pleasing cast to the countenance, so from a sincere and open 
disposition springs that artlessness of manner which disarms all preju- 
dice. Feeling, on the contrary, is ridiculous when affected, and, even 
when real, should not be too openly manifested. Let the manners 
arise from the mind, and let there be no disguise for the genuine emo- 
tions of the heart. 

Ill Temper. — A single person of sour, sullen temper — what a 
dreadful thing it is to have such a one in a house ! There is not myrrh 
and aloes and chloride of lime enough in the world to disinfect a single 
home of such a nuisance as that; no riches, no elegance of mien, no 
beauty of face, can ever screen such persons from utter vulgarity. Ill 
temper is the vulgarist thing that the lowest born and illest bred can 
ever bring to his home. It is one of the worst forms of impiety. 
Peevishness in a home is not only a sin against the Holy Ghost, but 
sin against the Holy Ghost in the very temple of love. — Theodore 
Parker, 



AMUSEMENTS FOR THE YOUNG. 



BY THE PUBLISHER. 



[This department may seem, to some, out of place in a -work of this kind; 
but it lias been the publisher's desire and aim to supply, as far as possible, all 
of the wants of the family or household. Family parties are often puzzled to 
know with what games they shall amuse their guests and themselves, and 
how often, when the younger ones have the company of their playmates, do 
they go to mamma to know what they can play. It is much more pleasant 
to see them amuse themselves, than to make little men and women of them 
before their time. Innocent amusements in the family circle exercise the 
memory, wit, and intelligence, and when properly regulated are grand help- 
mates to study. This department is intended to supply them with a selection 
from the time-honored amusements of our forefathers, with many new games 
for the older members of the family, in order that they may know how to 
amuse themselves in a sensible manner. It is our desire that this depart- 
ment may carry to the home circle that spirit of enjoyment which is natural 
to the young heart, and which should not be absent from the more mature.] 

HUNT THE SLIPPER. 

This old game will be remembered— in conjunction with blind man's buflf 
— as long as the charming ''Pleasures of Memory" are read. 
♦« 'Twas here we chased the slipper by its sound, 
And turned the blindfold hero round and round," 

says the poet, speaking of his childhood's home. 

The game Is played thus: The players (who should be many) sit in a circle 
close together on low stools or on the carpet. In the center of the group 
stands the one who is to " chase the slipper by Its sound." 

The players' hands are clasped behind their backs, one of them holding a 
slipper. The center player, of course, must not know who holds it. 

If there are a sufficient number of ployers, it adds greatly to the fun of 
this game to make an outer and inner circle. The slipper Is passed from hand 
to hand. At length some one taps with It on the ground, outside the circle. 
The huntress darts to the place indicated by the sound, but, alas! too late 
generally to catch it. While seeking It there, she hears it tap the floor In 
quite an opposite direction, and again darts off on her vain search. It Is gen- 
erally some time before the slipper is caught. When it Is, the huntress sits 
down, and the player from whom she obtained It takes her place. 

BLIND MAN'S BUFF. 

Choose which shall be the Blind Man, and then tie a handkerchief care- 
fully over his eyes. Stand him In the middle of the room. Then one say to 
him: 

" How many cows has your father got?" 

He answers, " Three." 

*' What color are they ?" 

" Black, white, and gray." 

" fhen turn around three times, and catch you may." 

The game then is to avoid being caught by the Blind Man. A good deal 
of fun is made by touching him on the back, arms, legs, and so on. As soon 
as one Is caught, that one becomes the Blind Man. This game can also be 
played In the gardens or fields. 

HIDE AND SEEK. 
A handkerchief, or some other trifle. Is concealed by one player, and the 
rest attempt to find It. The one who discovers it takes the next turn to hide 



— — Amusements for the Young. 629 

the article. It is customary for the one who hid the article to encourage 
those who approach it, by telling them that they are warm, warmer, they 
burn, etc., and to warn them of their departure from it by saying that they 
are cool, cold, or freeze 

BEANS ARE HOT. 

This is a hiding game. One player goes out of the room ; the others hide 
something, previously chosen for the purpose. It may be a fan, a ball, a card, 
a key, etc. When they have hidden it, they call their friend in, by saying at 
the door: 

" Hot beans and melted butter! 
Please, my lady, come to supper." 

She instantly begins her search for the hidden thing, in the curtains, un- 
der the hearth-rug, in the piano— everywhere, in short. When she approaches 
the right spot, the hiders cry, " Hot beans !" When she moves away from it 
they cry, " Cold beans !" 

If she finds the concealed article, she hides it next time herself. If she 
gives up the search, she pays a forfeit. 

Sometimes a whole party go out of the room, and one remains in it to 
hide the chosen object they are to seek. 

When they return she watches them and call out who is " hot" or " cold " . 
by name, as, "Charley is growing warm," " Henry is quite hot," *' Oh, now, 
Mary, you are so cold !" 

" Hot " means near the hidden thing ; " cold,' ' a great way off. 

ORANGES AND LEMONS. 

Two of the tallest players go aside and settle which of the pair shall be 
called "Orange," and which "Lemon;" but Lheir respective names must not 
be known to the others. 

Then they join hands, and raising their arms as high as they possibly 
can, sing: 

'• 'Oranges and lemons,' 
Say the bells of St. Clement's. 
Here comes a candle to light you to bed, 
And here comes a hatchet to chop off your head." 

While they sing, the other children, holding each other round the waist, 
run under their upstretched arms. At the word "lietid," which they manage 
to sing just as the last child of tlie train passes, th.y drop their arms and 
catch her round the neck. She is then taken on one side and aslced in a 
wiiisper whether she will be an orange or a lemon. If she chooses an orange, 
slie is told to go behind the young girl who calls herself by that name, and to 
take hold of her by the waist. If she should choose to be a lemon, she is to 
taite hold of the lady so named. But the clioice must always be declared in a 
whisper, or the others would know who was "orange" and who was "lem- 
on." Then the pair re-unite their hands, raise their arms, and begin the 
chantagain.cuttingoff a head and gaining a follower every time, till not 
oneof the chain of plaj-ers is left. Every time a child is caught, she has to 
choose between the orange and lemon, and is sent behind her choice, putting 
her arms round the wai^t of the last of tiie orange or lemon followers. 

When all have chosen, it is generally found that each fruit — orange and 
lemon— has a good train of supporters behind her; though, of course, it will 
sometimes chauce that one has more than the other, as the liking may have 
set towards either oranses or lemons. 

Then the heads of each party join hands and endeavor to pull each other 
over to the opposite side, the supporters behind strongly pulling their chief 
back. 

Generally, before the struggle takes place, each loader re-arrange? h'Pr fol- 
lowers, placing the tallest and strongest next herself, the little ones ut the 
end. 

The party that can pull over the head or leader of tlie other party wins. 

MY LADY'S TOILET. 

To each one of the company is given the name of an article of dress ; 
chairs are placed for all the company but one. so as to leave one chair too few. 

They all seat themselves but one, who is called the Lady's Maid, and stands 
in the center. When the maid calls for any article of dress, the one who has 
that name instant I v rises, repeats the word, and seats herself again directly. 
For insianre, the maid says: 

" My lady's up, and wants her dress." 

"Dress!" says the one who has that name, rising at the same time she 
speaks, and sitting down again as quickly. 

" My lady's up, and wants her brush." 



/ 



630 Amusements for the Young, 

" Brush !" says Brush, Jumping up and repeating her name. 

*• My lady's up, and wants her handkerchief, watch, and chain." 

" Handkerchief I" "Watch!" and "Chain!" say each one of the three, 
rising together. 

♦' My lady's up, and wants her whole toilet." 

When this is said, every one must jump up and change chairs, and as 
there is a chair too few, of course it occasions a scramble, and whoever is left 
standing must be Lady's Maid, and call to the others as before. 

THE POST, 

The party are seated in two rows, facing each other, down the room. One 
person is left chairless, and becomes postman. He holds a piece of paper and 
a pencil, and asks each person to take the name of some town or city, Ameri- 
can or foreign, which he writes down. 

When every one is seated, the postman calls out, " The post is going be- 
tween lioston and New York," or any other places chosen as names by the 
players. The moment he speaks, the persons so named exchange seats rap- 
Idly, the postman, of course, trying to get one of those seats. When he says, 
♦'The general post is going out," everybody changes seats, and in the scram- 
ble he manages to get one ; but, as there is always one chair less than the 
number of the players, somebody else is left out, and becomes postman. Any 
•' town " not answering to its name must either pay a forfeit or take the post- 
man's place. 

KISS IN THE RING. 

Join hands in a ring, a lady and a gentleman alternately; then, the one 
who is selected to begin the game stands in the middle, and the rest dance 
round and round, singing: ^ 

" Here a young maiden she wants a sweetheart, 
Wants a sweetheart, wants a sweetheart ; 
Let her choose one that she loves best 
From all the merry men around." 

It is usual to provide the lady with a handkerchief, which she throws at 
the feet of a young gentleman, who instantly picks it up, and pursues her in 
and out the circle till he catches her. As soon as he has caught her he brings 
her into the ring, and the players again dance round and round, singing : 

" Here's a couple both married together. 

Like father and mother they must agree; 
Love one another like sister and brother. 

So pray, young couple, come kiss together." 
The gentleman then salutes the lady, who joins the ring, leaving the gen- 
tleman in the middle. The game goes on as before, only substituting the 
words "man" for "maiden" and "maids" for "men." This is a merry 
garden game in the summer time, when the young gentlemen are not too 
rough 

COPENHAGEN. 

First secure a piece of tape or twine, suffieientlj^ long to go round the 
whole company, who must stand in a circle, holding in each of their hands a 
part of the string. The last player takes hold of the two ends of the tape. 
One remains standing in the center of the circle, who is called the " Dane," 
and who must endeavor to slap the hands of one of those who are holding 
the string, before they can bo withdrawn. Whoever is not sufficiently alert, 
and allows his hands to be slapped, must take the place of the Dane, and, in 
his turn, try to slap the hands of some one else. 

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 

All take partners, a)id sit opposite each other. Then one person whispers 
a different question in the ear of each on one side of the room, and another 
gives an answer to each on the opposite side. The first couple commence. 
One asks the question whispered to him, his partner gives the answer whis- 
pered to her. Each couple take turns in giving the questions and answers. 
.\ lady should direct the gentlemen, and a gentleman the ladies. Each side 
asks the questions alternately ; the side that first asked the questions next 
making the answers. 

PUT IN A WORD. 

Some one in the company leaves the room, while those remaining select 
a word, and then send for the person to return. Whe must ask some question 
of the person nearest to her, to which the one spoken to must make a prompt 
answer, and in answering he must make use of the word selected. Some- 
times an acute per.son will guess the word from the answer given to her first 
question. Some awkward use or slight emphasis may betray it, but generally 
she will go to a number, and sometimes to all present, without guessing the 



Afnusements for the Young. 631 

word. la that case (unless some one volunteers to take her place) she must 
go out rgain. If she discovers the word, the one by whose answer she guessed 
it leaves the room, and those remaining choc se a word, and the game pro- 
ceeds as before. 

QUEEN ANNE AND HER MAIDS. 

The players divide into two parties. One side l;ii<es a ball, and draw 
close together, raising frocks into a ''lap" or cover, into wiiich llie players 
put their hands. The ball is given to a player to lioUl in her lap. She must 
try to hide it as much as possible, while those wiios;; laps are empty must 
"make believe," as well as they can, to hold the hall in their raised dresses. 
This is done by pushing ttie dress out with the hand, etc. When the ball has 
been concealed, the players advance to those waiting on the other side of the 
room, and sing : 

" Queen Anne, Queen Anne, she sat in the sun, 

As white as a lily, as grave as a nun ; 

She sends you these letters, and begs you'll read one; 

If you guess our secret, 'twill be great fun." 

The other players answer : 

*• Good fortune the gracious Queen befall, 
I ask Amelia [or whatever the name may bej to give me the ball." 
If her guess is mistaken, the maids of honor sing: 

'* The ball Is ours; you guess not well, 
Nor can our lady's secret tell ; 
So sit like gipsies in ttie sun, 
While we, fair ladies, go and come." 
Then they return to their places, and transfer the ball to another play- 
fellow. 

When the guessers flx on the right person, the ball is transferred to them, 
and the parts are reversed, while the ball-holder has to pay a forfeit. 

SPAT THEM OUT. 

All the girls in the party arrange themselves behind chairs, sofas, otto- 
mans, etc., all the boys being sent out of tlie room; one girl stands as door- 
keeper. Some girl then calls out the name of a boy whom she wishes to take 
the seat in front of her, or two or three can send at once ; the doorkeeper opens 
the door and caMs out the name. The boy called enters, and the door is shut. 
He looks all around, wondering who has chosen him, and finally takes a seat. 
If he happens to sit down in front of the girl who called his name, she kisses 
him, and he keeps his seat; but if not, as is most likely to b'^ the case, they 
all clap him out, and away he goes. Another is then chosen, and the same 
thing is gone through. Sometimes a favorite boy will be called in a number 
of times before lie guesses correctly. When all the girls have taken their turn 
in calling, they leave the room, and the boys take their stand behind the seats 
and the girls are called in. 

We were present at a children's party where this game was played. When 
it became the boys' turn to call, one little fellow cried out, " Say, boys, less we 
kiss the girls, right or not; then, if they are wrong, we can clap them out 
afterwards, and not lose our chance." We were amused to see how eagerly 
the prettiest girls were urged by all to take their seats; if she was a modest 
child, she would be perfectly bewildered. Some pretended to be angry at the 
stolen kiss, but we noticed that if called again, only one timid little girl re- 
fused the call. 

BUZZ. 

Promptness is very necessary in this game. Any number of children ex- 
cept seven, both girls and boys, seat themselves around a table, or in a circle. 
One begins the game by saying " One !" the child on the left says " Two !" and 
so on till they come to seven, which number must not be mentioned, but in 
place thereof the word "Bu^z!" Whenever a number occurs in which the 
figure seven is used, or any number into which .seven may be multiplied, 
"Buzz" must be used instead of that number. Such are the numbers 7,14, 
17, 21, 27, 28, 35, 37, 42, etc. Any one mentioning a number with seven in it in- 
stead of "Buzz." or calling out of turn, or naming a wrong number, must 
pay a forfeit. After she has paid her forfeit, she calls out "One!" and so it 
goe«* round again to the left. When, by a little practice, the circle gets as 
high as seventy-one, t len " Buzz-one, Buzz-two," etc., must be used, and for 
seventy-seven, "Buzz-buzz," and so on. If tlie person whose turn It is to 
speak delays longer than while any one of the circle can moderately count 
five, she must pay a forfeit. 

TWIRL THE TRENCHER. 

The players must sit in a large circle, with a wooden trencher (or a small 
tin waiter will do), to twirl. 



632 Amusements for the Young, 

Each player assumes a name or number — numbers are best to call— such 
as No. I, No. 2, etc. The first player advances to the middle of the circle, and 
sets the trencher twirling on tlie floor. Then she darts back to her seat, call- 
ing out No. 3 (or any number she pleases). No. 3 rushes forward, and pre- 
vents the trencher (which is flagging, of course) from stopping; then she 
returns to her seat, calling No. 5 to the trencher rescue. 

Any player who, when called, suffers the trencher to fall, must pay a for- 
feit. If the wrong side of the trencher falls upwards, she must pay two. 

HUNT THE RING. 

All but one stand in a circle. A ring is slipped on a cord, the ends of which 
are tied together. Each child must then hold her hands tiglitly over the cord 
and pass the ring around. One child stands in the center, and blinds her eyes 
until the ring has commeuced passing along and all say " Ready." The child 
in the center then tries to find the ring. The one under whose hand she finds 
the ring, must take her place in the center of the circle. 

HERE I BAKE, HERE I BREW. 

The players form a circle by joining h^nds, and shut one of their number 
into the middle of it. The captive touches one pair of joined hands, and 
says, *' Here I bake ;" then passing on to two others (generally on the opposite 
side of the circle), she says, " Here I brew." Then she touches two others, 
saying, "Here I make my wedding-cake, and here I will go through." Then 
suddenly she springs c n two of the clasped hands which appear least to ex- 
pect her, and breaks throui^h the circle if she can. But her effort is strongly 
resisted by the players, who keep her prisoner as long as they can. If she 
tries three times in vain to escape from the circle, she pays a forfeit. If she 
breaks through it, the pair whose hands were not strong enough to hold her 
pay a forfeit each, and another player becomes captive. If this game is 
played out of doors, or in a large hall, when the captive breaks through she 
runs around the lawn or hall, until one of the players can catch her. Then 
the circle forms again, and the one who caught the captive becomes captive. 
This game continues in the same way until a change is desired. 

CHASING THE DEER. 

All the players, except one, take hands and form a circle. The one left 
alone goes around with a handkerchief in her hand, and sings: 

" My heart's in the Highlands, 
My heart is not here; 
My heart's in the Highlands, 
Chasing the deer." 

Then she suddenly throws the handkerchief at one of the circle, and darte 
away. 

The one at whose feet it falls pursues her, and a grand chase takes place. 

When she has caught the deer, the pursuer becomes, in her turn, the ani- 
mal to be hunted. 

The deer should try to drop the handkerchief as slyly as she can, and at 
the feet of the least watchful of the circle, that she may get a good start. 

HOLD FAST, AND LET GO. 
This game resembles '• Fly away, sparrow." Four little girls or boys each 
hold the corner of a handkerchief, or anything square. One standing by cries 
out "Holdfast." They must then promptly drop the corners they are hold- 
ing. When she says, "Let go," they must be sure and keep hold. Those who 
fail to do so must pay a forfeit. 

I SPY. 

All the children who join this game, except one, hide. The player who is 
left out is blinded until he hears them call ' Whoop !" The one blinded then 
removes the bandage from his eyes, and begins to search for the hidden play- 
ers. If a glimpse is caught of any one, he calls out", "I spy Mabel," or, " I spy 
James." The one who is thus discovered must start and run for the place 
where the other was blinded. If the goal is not reached until the pursuer has 
touched her, she must take his place. This game is best played out of doors. 

FLY AWAY, SPARROW. 
All who join this game must gather around a table, and each player must 
place a finger on the table. When the leader of the game says, " Fly away, 
sparrow," or any other creature that flies, each player must raise the finger 
placed on the table. If anything that does not fly is mentioned, and any 
player raises his or her finger, a forieit must be given; also if he fails to raise 
it after the name of a bird or insect that flies. 



Amusements for the Young, d^tZ 

SHADOW-BUFF. 

Shadow-Buff is a variation of Blind Man's Buff. Though not as gen- 
erally known, it is equally amusing. A large piece of white cloth, or a linen 
or cotten sheet, is suspended smootiily at one end of the room, at a little dis- 
tance from " Buffj'," who sits with his face toward the cloth, and his back to 
the company. Behind him a light must be so placed as to throw the shadows 
of persons passing between it and Buffy directly on the curtain. All other 
lights must be extinguished. The players then walk, one by one, slowly be- 
tween the ligtit and Buffy (who must not turn his head), limping, jumping, 
grimacing, or disguised as they please, so as to distort their shadows on the 
curtain. If Buffy can tell correctly to whom any shadow belongs (guessing 
once only at each person), the player whom he so discovers takes his place as 
Buffy. 

BLIND MAN'S WAND. 

This is another variety of the same game. The blind man carries a cane, 
which he reaches in every direction. Whosoever it touches is bound, by the 
rules of the game, to take hold of it, and repeat whatever the blind man or- 
ders. The one who is caught can disguise his voice as he pleases. The blind 
man is allowed three guesses, and if he cannot discover the person touched 
by his voice, he must try another. This is an amusing change. 

There is still another, called " Fettered Buff.'' The person who is to catch 
his companions is not blinded, but his wrists are tied behind him, and he 
catches by running backward. This form of the game is not recommended. 
The person so bound cannot balance himself easily, or guard himself, and is 
liable to injury frona falling. 

LAWYER. 

All who take part in the play assemble and choose a lawyer. The chairs 
in the room are arranged in two rows, as in a contra-dance. If there are an 
equal number of gentlemen and ladies, the former choose their partners. 
The gentlemen take seats opposite the ladies. The lawyer proceeds to ask 
such questions as he chooses. The person addressed must never answer, but 
his partner must answer for him. If either makes a mistake, he or she must 
change places with the lawyer, and ask the questions. If the lawyer is ready 
in asking questions, turning quickly from one person to another, he can very 
soon catch some one. 

CONSEQUENCES. 

This is a quiet game. All assemble around a table. Each person must 
have a half sheet of note paper and a pencil. All are requested to write an 
adjective, expressing either a good or bad quality in a man's character. Each 
one then turns over and creases down the place written upon, and alJ change 
papers. Each one then writes a gentleman's name, and turns it down, and 
all change papers again. Then another word of quality, applying to a lady, 
is written, and all the papers are turned down as before, and changed as be- 
fore. Then a lady's name is written; then a place wliere they met; then 
what he said to her; then what she said to him ; what he gave to her; what 
she gave to him; then the " consequences." The p:iper must be turned down 
every time, and changed, and no one must read what the others have written. 
When all have finished, some person collects and reads the papers. Some are 
absurd, and others happen very correctly. For instance, they might read 
thus: *' The clumsy Mr. Snooks met the beautiful Miss Primrose at a ball. 
He asked her if she liked turnips; she sighed and hung her head, and said, 
'If mamma is willing.' He gave her a bouquet ; she gave him a box on the 
ear. The consequences were too sad to relate." A party of merry girls and 
boys will like this game for variety. 

HOW DO YOU LIKE IT ? WHEN DO YOU LIKE IT ? AND WHERE 

WILL YOU PUT IT ? 
The difllculty of this game consists in guessing the meaning of two or 
more nouns, which sound alike, but have different meanings, without any 
other help than the answers given to the above questions. It is played in the 
following manner : One of the company is sent out of the room, and not re- 
called until her companions have agreed upon two words with similar sound 
with which to puzzle her. When she comes in she asks, '* How do you like 
it?'' One answers, "Very much indeed;" or, "I don't like it early in the 
morning." Another says, "It is too noisy," Another, "It is too fond of fine 
clothes," etc. She then asks, "When do you like it?" One answers. 'At all 
times." Another, " When I feel hungry for my dinner." Another, '* I want 
it when walking alone." Another, "When I want some wood brought for 
my fire," etc. Lastly she asks, "Where would you put it?" One says, "I 
would hang it." Another, " I would shut it up in a church tower." '* I would 
take it to a ball-room," etc. 



634 Amusements for the Young, 

From such answers, a witty little girl may guess that helle was the chosen 
word, (belle, a fashionable lady, and bell, an instrument of sound.) Such as 
do not guess must pay a forfeit. Many words might be chosen for this game, 
such as hair, hare ; reign, rain ; date, a fruit, and date, a period of time; whip, 
to stril?:e with, and whip, to eat; pear, pair; heir, air; ale, ail; mason, a 
bricklayer, and mason, a member of a secret society; beer, bier; see, sea. 

FOX AND GEESE. 

This game Is a very old one, but it is too good not to be always remem- 
bered. Arrange the company in this form : 

O O 

000 

o o 



000 000 

o o 

000 

o 

The circles represent persons (or geese, as they are considered in the 
game). Tliey must be arranged in tlie manner shown in the illustration; thus, 
in twos, and in two places ill tlirees. The player outside the circle is called 
the fox. The object of the fox is to touch tue outside one of three : but when 
he attempts to touch the outside one of the three geese, the outside goose 
must dart into the circle and stand inside two of the others. The fox can 
only touch the one outside of three; if he succeeds, the fox becomes a goose, 
and the one cauglit takes the place of the fox. One must be on the alert, and 
change as quickly as possible. We have seen this game, ou a stormy day at 
the sea-sliore, played with great zeal by old gentlemen, judges, lawyers, min- 
isters, mothers, fathers, and children. One gray-haired gentleman was the 
fleetest fox of all; no one could escape him, and his laugh made all hearts 
glad. Green old age is beautiful to see, and the youthful are always made 
happier by its genial sympathy. 

CONFIDANTE. 

Let each player provide himself with paper and pencil, and write accord- 
ing to the instructions of the leader, commencing with : 

" Let each boy write a lady's name ; each girl a gentleman's name." 

*' Now any past time." 

'* The name of a place." 

" Either yes or no." 

*' Yes or no again." 

*' Each boy write a lady's name, and each girl a gentleman's." 

" Some time to come." 

" Write yes or no." 

'* Yes or no again.'* 

" Mention a place." 

" Tell us your favorite color." 

** Set down any number not exceeding ten." 

" Another color." 

" Yes or no." 

" Let each write a lady's name." 

" Let each write a gentleman's name." 

*' Each another lady's name." 

♦' Each boy write a gentleman's name; each girl a lady's." 

*' The name of a clergyman." 

" Now any sum of money." 

•' The name of a place." 

«' And, lastly, a number." 

When all have finished, each player must read aloud what he or she has 
written, without altering it, in answer to the questions below : 

" From whom did you receive your first offer ?" 

"When was it?" 



Amusements for the Young, 635 

** "Where did this event take place?" 
" Does he love you ?" 
" Do you love him ?" 
" Wliom will you marry?" 
" When will it talte place ?" 
" Do you love him?" 
" Does he love you?" 
" Where does he live ?" 
" "What is the color of his hair?" 
" "What is his height ?" 
" "What is the color of his eyes ?" 
" Is he handsomie?" 
" Who will be the bridesmaid ?" 
" "Who will wait upon her?" 
" Who is your svnipathizing confidante?' 
" "Who is your rival ?" 
" "Wliat clergyman will marry you ?" 
" How much is tlie gentleman worth?" 
" "Where will you live?" 
*' How many servants will you keep?" 

In asking the boys the questions, there are a few that will need a^ slight 
alteration. 

THE GAME OP T"WENTY QUESTIONS. 

One person thinks of an article or subject, another then endeavors to find 
out what the thought is ; and this is done by asking questions, as to its nature 
and qualities. 

A third person is usually selected as umpire, who is made acquainted 
with tlie subject fixed on, and whose duty it is lo see that all tlie answers shall 
be fair. These answers are not to be such as will be calculated to mislead ; al- 
though ii. will be observed that the wider they are from the mark, the more 
difl^icult will the guessing be rendered. Twenty questions and three guesses 
are allowed. We give an illustration of tlie nature and method of the game. 

We will suppose the person has thought of an article, and the questioner 
thus begins: 

" Does it belong to the animal, vegetable, or mineral kingdom ?" 

'* Composed of vegetable material." 

'* Is it an article of food?" 

"No." 

'• Is it a manufactured article?" 

" It was." 

" Then it does not now exist?" 

*' No." 

" Did it belong to modern or ancient times?" 

" "Very ancient." 

" Do you allude to any particular thing, or to a class?" 

" To one particular thing." 

•• Was it useful, or merely ornamental?" 

" Useful." 

" Was it an article of dress?" 

" No." 

*' Was it soft or hard ?" 

" Hard." 

'• Was it a piece of furniture?" 

•' No." 

*' Was it stationary?" 

" No." 

'' Was it used as a conveyance?" 

•« Yes." 

" By air, earth, or water?" 

" Water." 

" Was it used for a special purpose?" 

•* It was.' 

" Was it made before the flood?" 

" Yes." 

" Then it must be Noah's Ark." 

*' You are right— and guessed it with fifteen questions." 

CRYING FORFEITS. 

A player is to kneel at the feet of one of her companions, who has all the 
forfeits placed beside her. The kneeling player, who is to name the means of 
ransom, hides her face on the lap of her playmate, who holds each forfeit over 



636 Amusements for the Young. 

her head, and says, " Here is a thing, and avery pretty thing; what must be 
done by the owner of this pretty thing?" 

The j udge answers, " Is the owner a lady or gentleman ?" 

If the answer be a lady, she is to give a lady's forfeit ; if a young gentle- 
man, a gentleman's; or the cryer inay hold up two or more forfeits at a time, 
and say, '* Here are several things, very pretty things; what shall their own- 
ers do?" 

The judge must then inflict one of the double forfeits. These are gener- 
ally more amusing than the single ones, and pleasanter for shy players. 

We give a few forfeit ransoms for use, but they may always be invented 
and ordered by the kneeling judge. If the crier cannot remember the for- 
feits, she may put the book in her friend's lap, and read them; the forfeits 
being held by another person behind her. 

RANSOMS FOR FORFEITS. 

1. The lady is to ask everybody in the room to do her a favor. If each 
person grants it, she may reclaim her forfeit. The favor she asks may be as 
absurd as she pleases. She may ask her friends to sing a song ; ask a riddle, 
bark, whistle, dance, sing, etc., etc. 

2. She is to answer three questions without smiling, however absurd they 
may be. 

3. She is to acknowledge whether she admires herself or not. 

4. To curtsey to everybody around the room without smiling. 

5. She is to sing a song. 

6. To kiss her sister rabbit-wise, (or, if she has no sister, a friend.) This 
Is done by each little girl taking an end of the saiiie piece of string into her 
mouth, and nibbhng it up till their lips meet. The string must on no account 
be let drop by either player. 

7. To kiss her sister back to back. This is done over the shoulder. 

8. To guess who feeds her with water. A glass of water and a spoon are 
brought; she is blindfolded and seated in a chair ; every person in the room 
gives her silently a tea-spoon of water. She guesses each time who feeds her, 
and is only released when her guess proves correct. 

9. To walk around the room with an envelope held between her lips, 
standing before each pei'son while he or she can count •' three." If she drops 
the envelope, she must begin again. 

10. Make a speech in dumb show. 

11. She must answer "No" to twenty questions. She may choose who 
shall ask them. 

12. To stand in the corner till some one prevails on her to come out; 
though she must only answer " No " to every entreaty, 

13. Walk the room, and kiss your own shadow without laughing. 

14. She is to have her choice— blindfolded— of a kiss, a pinch, or a slap. 
To do this, the forfeit-holder is blindfolded ; one of her companions makes 
mute signs of a kiss, pinch, or blow, and asks her which she will have. As 
she chooses Ignoi antly, she may find that she has asked for a pinch or a slap ; 
but they are of course always kindly given. A pinch of sugar is generally 
oflfered lor the former; the slap is merely a slight touch. 

15. To redeem a double forfeit. For two players across the room. Shake 
hands with any one named by the forfeit-holder, blindfold. This Is a very 
amusing lorfeit. both tie players are blinded, and have of course great diffl- 
culty in meeting. Their companions must watch that they do not hurt them- 
selves In the attempt. It is by no means easy to shake hands under such cir- 
cumstances. 

16. Answer five questions without saying " Yes " or "No." 

17. Each person in the room is to address a line of poetry to the forfeit 
payer. She must add another to it which will rhyme. 

18. She must march three times round the room with a book on her head 
without dropping It. 

19. Make a wise speech. 

20. To bite an Inch off the poker, (i. e., the poker is held an Inch off, and 
she kisses the air.) 

21. To hold the candle, and beg somebody to kiss the candlestick. This 
done, she Is released. She is hex'self the candlestick. 

22. She Is to walk blindfold around the room, and seat herself on any 
player's lap whom she chooses ; she then tries to discover who her chair is, 
by touching her face and dress. If she guesses rightly, her forfeit Is restored. 
The players try, of course, to hide their identity as much as possible, by alter- 
ing their dres.s, hair, etc., to puzzle her. 

23. To be put up at auction and bid for. When the forfeit-crler Is satisfied 
with the price offered, she returns the forfeit. 

24. Feed the kittens. The playei's all remain In their places, and the two 
who have to feed the kittens go round, one with a saucer of milk, the other 



Amtcsenifrnts /or the Young, 637 

■with a tea-spoon, with which she gives a sip of milk to every person, saying 
" Take that, my pretty puss!"' to whioi, softer taking it, " Puss " must gravely 
answer, " Mew!" 

2.5. To bow to the prettiest, kneel to the wittiest, kiss the nearest, and 
make a speech to the dearest. 

26. To candidly acknowledge whom he loves best in the world. 

27. The gentleman is to go to three ladies in the room. To the first he 
must make a speech on the fashions; to tte second, on the prettiest shape of 
bonnets ; to the third, on the income-tax. 

28. To be fed as a baby by the other players— L e., she is seated in the 
middle of the room, wrapped up in a sheet ; the others bring a custard, a cup 
of tea, and a glass of wine, and feed her alternately with a tea-spoon, saying, 
as ttiey do so, "Sweet baby !" No laughing allowed. 

29. To pet the kittens without smiling. For a boy: He goes round and 
says to every lady, "Poor puss!" to which she must gravely answer, "Me-ew! 
Me-ew!" 

30. To sit down on the carpet, and get up without touching anything. 

31. Dance in one corner of the room, sing in another, curtsey in the 
third, and weep in the fourth. 

CROQUET. 

This out-door pastime is of comparatively modem creation, and is every 
day becoming more in vogue. It may be played by persons of all ages and of 
either sex ; but it is especially adapted for ladies and young persons, as it de- 
mands but trifling personal exertion, while it aflTords delightful and health- 
giving sport. 

Tlie ground upon which croquet is played is preferably a grass-plot of an 
oblong form; but an ordinary lawn or expanse of even turf will answer the 
purpose, so long as it is of sulficient extent for the operations of the game. 

The implements for playing croquet are the balls, the mallets, the starting 
and turning pegs, the croquet clips or markers, the hoops or arches. These 
may be obtained at the ordinary toy warehouses. 

Arrangement of the Hooips.—hs, much of the interest of this game depends 
upon the arrangement of the hoops, it is essential that they should be fixed 
in the ground on definite principles. In the first place, the starting peg is 
driven in at one end of the ground, and the turning peg is driven in at the 
other extremity. From each of these pegs a space of twelve feet Intervenes; 
here a hoop is fixed; another space often feet intervenes, when a second 
hoop is fixed; a space of eight feet then succeeds, and at this point is formed 
what may be termed the base, on each side of which, at a distance of twenty 
feet, and succeeding each other at intervals of ten feet, three hoops are driven 
In. By this arrangement a square is formed, the starting peg leading into i ts 
center, and the turning peg leading from it. Where the ground is small, the 
distances may be contracted proportionally. Other arrangements of the 
hoops may be made at the discretion of the players, but the first-named plan 
will be found best worthy of adoption, as it affords the most excellent oppor- 
tunities for the display of address and skill. 

The game consists in striking the balls ft'ora the starting peg through the 
seven hoops to the peg at the opposite extremity. The balls are then driven 
back again to the starting peg. 

The game may be played by any number of persons not exceeding eight. 
A larger number protracts tlie intervals between the several turns, and there- 
by renders the game tedious. The most eligible number is four. If two only 
play, each player should take two balls; and when as many as eight play, 
there should be two sides or sets. 

In playing the game, each player takes a mallet, ball, and croquet clip, of 
the same color or number, the clip being used to indicate the hoop at which, 
in his turn, he aims. The division into sides, choice of balls, mallets, etc., is 
determined by the players among themselves. 

Laws of the Game. —In croquet, as with many other sports when first estab- 
lished, there exist differences of opinion on certain points of practice. We 
have consulted numerous treatises on the game, and find Jaques's *' Laws and 
Regulations of the Game of Croquet " to be one of the most practical and 
straightforward manuals extant. It is to this work tliat we are mainly in- 
debted for the following laws of the game: 

1. On commencing, each player must place his ball within a mallet's 
length of the starting peg in any direction, and his opening stroke must be to 
pass through the first hoop. 

2. The players on each side are to play alternately, according to the colors 
on the starting peg, and the order in which they play cannot be altered dur- 
ing the game. 

3. Each player continues to play so long as he plays with success, that is, 



638 Amusements for the Young. 

so long as he drives his hall through the next hoop In order, or croquSts an- 
other ball. 

4. When a player strikes his own ball so as to hit another at a distance, 
he is said to roquet it; and, having thus hit a ball, he must then, as it is 
termed, "lake tne croquet," which is done as follows: He lays his own ball 
against the other so that the two touch; he then places his foot on his own 
ball, which he strikes with his mallet; this will drive the ball with a momen- 
tum and in a direction most desired. In doing this the player should press 
his foot on his own ball. 

5. A player must move the ball he croquets. He is said to " take a stroke 
off" when he places his own ball to touch the croqueted ball very lightly, so 
as to leave it, when croqueted, in nearly the same position; but in doing this 
the croqueted ball must be perceptibly moved. 

6. No ball can croquet, or be croqueted, until it be passed through the 
first hoop. 

7. Any player missing the first hoop takes his ball up, and when his turn 
comes again, plays from tlie starting place, as at first. 

8. A player may croquet any number of balls consecutively; but he can 
not croquet the same ball twice during 1 he same turn, without first sending 
his own ball through the next hoop in order. 

9. Instead of aiming at his hoop or another ball, a player may strike his 
ball towards any part of the ground he pleases. When he has made a com- 
plete circuit from the starting peg back to the starting peg, he may either re- 
tire from the game by pegging, or, by not doing so. remain in. In this case 
he is called a "rover," and will still have the power of croqueting consecu- 
tively all the balls during any one of his turns. 

10. When a ball roquets another ball, the player's ball is " dead," and " in 
hand " until after the player of it has taken the croquet. Hence it follows 
that if it cannon from one ball to another, or from a ball through its own 
hoop, or from a ball on to either of the pegs, none of these subsequent strokes 
count anything. If, however, a player cannon off a ball which in the same 
turn he has croqueted, and then runs off it and makes a stroke, that stroke 
counts. 

11. A player whose ball is roqueted or croqueted through its hoop in or- 
der, counts the hoop. 

12. A player mu-t hit his ball fairly — not push it. A ball is considered to 
be fairly hit when the sound of the stroke is heard. A ball is "pushed" 
when the face of the mallet is allowed to rest against it, and the ball propelled 
without the mallet being drawn back. 

lo. A player may play in any attitude, and use his mallet with his hands 
in any way he pleases, so that he strike the ball with the lace of the mallet. 

14. When the ball of a player hits the starting peg, alter he has been 
through all ihe hoops, whether by his own play, or by being roqueted (subject 
to the provisions in Law 10), or by being croqueted, he is out of the game, 
which goes on without him, his turn being omitted. 

15. The clip is placed on the hoop through which the player Is next going. 
The clips are to be changed by the umpire, and are decisive as to the position 
of a player's ball ; but if the umpire forget to change a clip, any player may 
remind him before the next stroke. Should there be no clips, a player is en- 
titled to ask any other player how he stands in the game. 

16. A player stops at the peg; that is, having struck the turning peg in 
order, his turn is at an end, and even though he should roquet off the peg, it 
does not count. When his turn comes round again, he plays his ball from 
the spot it rolled to after pegging. 

17. A ball is considered to have passed through its hoop if it cannot be 
touched by the handle of the mallet, laid on the ground from wire to wire, on 
the side from which the ball passed. 

18. The decision of the umpire is final. His duties are: To move the 
clips; to decide when balls are fairly struck* to restore balls to their places 
which have been disturbed by accident; and to decide whether a croqueted 
ball is moved or not, in doubtful cases. 

Terms Used in the Game.— ^og«ei — To hit another ball with one's own. 
Croquet— To strike one's own ball when in contact with a roqueted ball. 
Wired— To have the ball in such a position that the hoop prevents the stroke 
which is wished to be made. Peg— To "• peg " is to strike either of the pegs iti 
proper order. Dismiss— To " dismiss " a ball is to croquet it to a distance. 



BEE-KEEPING DEPARTMENT. 



BY THE PUBLISHER. 



NoTB.— We are indebted to the courtesy of H. M. Johnson, of Marshall, 
Mich., a practical and experienced bee-keeper, who has also published a work 
upon this subject, called "The Farmer's Guide to Bee-Keeping," which is the 
best work of the kind that has come to our knowledge. He has kindly per- 
mitted us to make such extracts as we saw fit, but our space will not allow us 
to give full details, but to give enough so that any one can understand the 
general principles, and manage bees quite successfully. If any one wishes a 
thorough and scientific knowledge of the subject in all its details, and also how 
to make the various kinds of hives, bee pasturage, etc., etc., Mr. Johnson's 
book should be in their hands. 

FUNDAMENTAL POINTS IN BEE-KEEPING. 

There are four fundamental points which render bee-keeping a success, 
viz., the man, the moveable comb hive, the season, and the honey machine or 
"ra.ell extractor." The operator should be acquainted with and understand 
the nature and working of the bee to enable him t > manage them properly. 
He should then have a hive that will answer all his needs in every depart- 
ment of bee culture, and in the making of hives should aim at simplicity. 
Tlie honey machine Is acknowledged by all bee-keepers to be the greatest 
improvement to the science since the invention of the movable comb hive, 
by the use of which we claim to double and even treble the quantity obtained 
by the old method. 

WHAT CONSTITUTES A SWARM OF BEES. 

Every prosperous swarm of bees must contain one queen, several thou- 
sand workers, and a portion of the year a few hundred or even thousand 
drones. We will now proceea to describe the different bees which constitute 
a swarm, and the labors of each. 

DESCRIPTION OF THE QUEEN. 
The accompanying cut will illustrate the appearance of 
this most important member of this industrious colony. The 
queen is the only perfect female bee in tlie colony, and hence 
the name of queen or mother bee. In form she is longer than 
either of the other species. She is usually of a dark color, ex- 
cept the under side of the abdomen, which bears somewhat 
on the golden shade. All her colors are bright and glossy, 
and she has but little of the down or hair seen on the drones 
or workers Her wings are short, reaching a little more than 
half way back. Her posterior is more pointed and, has 
the appearance of curving under, more than that of the 
workers. She has a sting, but never iises it, except in combat 
with a rival queen. 

Their Affection for their Q,tteen. — The queen is al- 
ways treated with the greatest affection by the bees. If she 
is removed from them, the whole colony is thrown into a state of the most 
intense agitation. All labor is abandoned, and the bees run wildly over the 
comb, and rush from the hive in anxious search for their beloved mother. If 
they cannot find her, they return to their desolate home and manifest by 
their sorrowful tones their sense of this great calamity, as no colony can long 
exist without the presence of the mother bee. • 

THE AGE OF THE QUEEN. 
The average age of the queen is about three years. None should be al- 
lowed to become older than that, as after that age they often become barren, 
or deposit eggs which produce only drones, and the colony soon wastes away 
without being replenished with worker broods. 




640 



Bee-Keeping Department. 



Like the drone, the queen never goes to gather honey, her only duty being 
to deposit the eggs, both male and female. Yet she is as dependent on the 
workers as they are upon her, and both are dependent upon the drones, not- 
withstanding they are the acknowledged idlers of the colony. 

DEPOSITING THE EQQ. 

In all well populated hives young broods 
may be found in different stages of develop- 
ment, every month in the year, with few excep- 
tions. The queen carefully examines each cell 
by thrusting her head in, before depositing the 
egg, to see if it contains bee bread or honey, as 
she never uses a cell partly filled. If she finds 
the ceil clear, she immediately curves her abdo- 
men and inserts it. She remains but a second 
or two, and then leaves the cell, when an egg 
about a sixteenth of an inch long may be seen 
attached to the base of the cell, usually a little 
to one side. 

HATCHING. 

The eggs remain unchanged for three or four 
days. They are then hatched, the bottom of 
each cell containing a small white worm, which 
floats in a whitish transparent fluid, which is 
deposited by the nursing bees, and by which it 
is probably nourished. It gradually enlarges 
until its two extremities touch, which, forms a 
_ . _^ _, ring. Itcontinues to increase during five or six 

Ovaries of a Queen Bee. ^jj^yg ^j^^jj ^^ occupies the who e breadth and 
nearly the length of the eel', Tiie nursing bees now seal over the cell with a 
light brown cover. As soon as the larvae is perfectly enclosed, t begins to 
line the cell by spinning around itself a silky cocoon. When this is finished 
it undergoes a great change, from the grub to the nymph or pupa state, and 





Section of Comb, showing Honey, Bee Bread, Brood and 
Qiieen Cells, in their different stages. 
(Jt^ Represents comb filled with honey; (A) represents the brood in all stages; (/) 
represents cells containing- bee bread; {ff) represents drone brood sealed; (/) represents 
sealed brood ; (a) represents an old queen cell where a queen had formerly hatched; {b) 
represents a cell where the queen was killed by violence before hatching; (c) represents 
where a queen has hatched recently ; (rf) represents a perfect queen cell; (tf) represents 
a queen cell just started, with a grub about five days old. 



Bee-Keeping Depaftmenf. 641 

does not bear a vestige of its previous form. It has now attained its full 
growth, and the large amount of nutriment taken serves a a store for devel- 
oping the perfect insect. 

Queens are reared from eggs that, if deposited in worker cells, would pro- 
duce worker bees, but by larger cells and royal jelly queens are developed. 
The time required to raise a queen is three days in the egg, and five days as 
a worm, and on the sixteenth day she has attained the perfect state of a queen 
bee. The working bee comes forth perfected iti iwenty-one days from the 
time the egg is deposited. The drone takes twenty-four or twenty-five days. 

IMPREGNATION OP THE QUEEN. 

It is acknowledged by all apiarians of the present day, that the art of 
copulation takes place high up in the open air, and usually between the 
fourth and tenth days after leaving the cell. If fertilization does not occur 
before she is twenty days old it never takes place, and the eggs deposited will 
only produce drones. 

THE WAILINGS OP THE QUEEN. 

The queen has two notes; one of defiance, called piping; the other is a 
note of fear, a plaintive, pitiful wail, mournful in the extreme, and lingering 
long in the memory when once heard. This mournful note is set up when 
removed from their hive, when seized by the other bees to destroy her life, or 
when her colony are starving. Whenever this note is heard turn not a deaf 
ear. but immediately respond to the call, for there is something wrong. Rig- 
idly examine the hive and remove the cause of complaint. 

An unimpregnated queen is called a "virgin queen." They are capable 
of laying only drone eggs. A fertile queen is one which has mated with a 
drone, and is capable of laying eggs which may become either workers, 
drones, or queens. A barren queen is one who has passed the stage ot laying 
eggs, that will become either workers or queens, but continues to lay eggs 
which produce only drones. The period of fertility lasts from two to three 
years, and cannot be depended on longer safely. All such queens should be 
destroyed and fertile ones introduced, that the colony may not become 
extinct. 

WORKER BEE. 

The annexed cut represents the worker bee, a vei-y Import- 
ant member of the colony. They constitute the mass of the 
colony, and upon them devolve all the labors of the hive. 
They gather the honey and pollen— the food for the young. 
They nurse and feed the young brood, and dt'fend their house 
against invasion of enemies. Tlie care which the workers 
bestow upon their nurslings is wonderful, and they manifest 
the most tender attachment for tliem. The slightest move- 
ment of these nurses approaching to administer to the young 
brood is sufficient to attract them to their food which they 
devour voraciously, and it is unsparingly administei ed. After tlie cells have 
been sealed up they seem to ceiise from anjahing like attention, although if 
the brood comb is meddled with, their utmost ire is kindled Bees reared in 
the spring and earley summer are shorter lived than those reared later in the 
season. Each worker is armed with a formidable sting, and when disturbed 
does not hesitate to use it. The oxtremity being barbed, the bee can rarely 
withdraw it, and in losing her sting she looses her life and dies in defending 
her home and sacred treasures. 

DRONES. 

We herewith present a representation of the drone 
of the colony; the "gentleman of leisure," who leads 
an easy life, taking no thought of the morrow. They 
toil not; neitlier do they spin, but let others bear the 
heat and burden of the day. They diflfer from tlie 
queen and worker in form and structure, and are of a 
darker color and less active. They have no proboscis 
for gathering honey ; no basket for pollen; no sack lor 
wax; and no sling to defend themselves with. They 
seem to be a necessary evil, consuming the fruits ot the 
labor performed by others. Yet without them the 
brood would soon become extinct. Microscopic exam- 
ination shows that tliey are the males of the bee family, and in the 
performance of the functions appointed to them, they invariably yield up 
their life. The duties devolving upon them are to accompany the young 
queens upon their bridal toar. In the performance of the same their life 





642 Bee, Keeping Department. 

becomes the sacrifice. In July and Au:»ust if there seems to be a prospect of 
a short supply of honey, the laborers set up a vigorous persecution, driving 
them from or into a corner of the hive, and wlien through hunger and captiv- 
ity, they become weakened, and being without a sting, unable to defend 
themselves, they fall helpless victims to their fearful onslaughts. They rush 
upon them and sting them with such fury that they die at once. They seize 
them by their wings and gnaw them in such a manner as to prevent their 
escape by flight, and crawling off death overtakes them. 

THE ITALIAN OR LIGUUIAN BEES 

Are conceded by all to bo far superior to the black bee above described, 
although they do not differ essentially in conformation; yet for profit and 
amiability are a great improvement. In color, they are a beautiful golden 
hue. The worker when pure has three distinct bands about the body ; the 
color and bands being the test of purity. The queens are more fertile and 
prolific, depositing tneir eggs earlier in the season; swarm oftener and earlier 
when not interfered with ; protect themselves from robber bees and moths 
more effectually; carry in more honey, gathering from the small variety of 
red clover and some othar plants whose cells are so deep that the common 
bee cannot reach the nectar distilled in the bottom of the flower cups; will • 
not sting upon as slight provocation, and can be handled more easily. They 
are stronger, and more hardy, and live longer, although performing more 
labor. They are also more industrious, often going to the flelds in very 
unfavorable weather. 

TO PRESERVE PURITY OF STOCK. 

Mafty object to Italian bees from apprehension of their becoming hybrid- 
ized on account of black bees being kept in their vicinity; but the fact of 
their throwing off swarms more frequently and earlier in tlae season, would 
easily obviate that trouble. Both queens and drones are more active and 
agile than tlie common kind, and from this fact would usually encounter one 
another; besides the wings of both queens and drones are flner than the 
common kind, and the sounds produced in flying are clearer and higher-toned, 
hence, they aj:e readily able to distinguish each other wlien on the wing. 

REARING ITALIAN QUEENS. 

All practical Bee-Keepers have a way of their own of rearing queens. I 
would recommend the use of a small hive or nucleus, as they are termed. 
They are made about six or eight inches long, five inches wide, and six 
inches deep, Inside measure, with three miniature comb frames each. If 
your whole apiary is Italianized, and all the bees are the same ior an extent 
Of three miles around, there will not be much difficulty in obtaining purely 
fertilized queens : but if such is not the case, some of the following methods 
may be adopted to secure the desired result; either the rearing of drones 
early in the spring, before the black drones make their appearance, or late in 
the season, after they have been destroyed ; otherwise the manner of double 
working tnem will have to be resorted to. 

If the apiary is large, perhaps the last named method would be the 
most practicable ; as It would be almost Impossible to obtain the desired 
results by either of the others, unless in the liands of an experienced opera- 
tor. The manner of double working them is very simple. It is merely rais- 
ing all the queens you may desire for the whole apiary, from a queen of un- 
doubted purity, and let the young queens mate as they will with black or 
Italian drones. According to the theory adopted by myself, and the majority 
of bee-keepers, the di'ones of the young queens will be pure, while the work- 
ers of a queen fertilized by the black drone will be hybrldes. From this 
theory, it is evident that the drones of your apiary the following spring 
will be Italian, and you have only to proceed and raise another set of queens 
from the same old one, (or what would be better from a new queen from 
another apiary,) which would produce a cross, and prevent in and in breed- 
ing. If any of the queens of the second year's raising do not produce work- 
ers of undoubted purity, namely, those with three distinct bands on the 
abdomen, she should be replaced by another, until the desired purity Is 
attained. It is not necessary to make mucli preparation for qneeti-raising 
until the drones begin to make their appearance, as they should be, at least 
two weeks old, at the time the queen sets forth on lier bridal tour. When the 
proper time arrives to prosecute your labors, the naclei should be stocked 
witn combs in the frames, and a little honey, about one or more irame full, in 
order that the bees may concentrate their labors on the queen cells, instead of 
being obliged to store their hive with hone.v. To insure success.it is also 
necessary to have some brood in the nuclei to retain the bees, and it eep them 
on the increase, and not allow them to diminish in numbers ; for tlie nuclei 



- Bee-Keeling Department, 643 

should be kept well stocked with bees. The brood should be over seven days 
old, from ihe time the egg was deposited : so that the bees will cot construct 
queen cells from brood that you do not wish to use. To procure the bees and 
comb, it is best to obtain the hive from a distance of two or three milts ; drive 
out the bees Jn to a box, as in transferring, search out the queen, divide the 
combs, and put them in the nucleus ; then put into each nucleus at least one 
quart of bees, without a queen. A good swarm in Mi^y will furnish bet s 
enough for about five nuclei; while in June, sufficient may be obtained for 
ten. The bees in the nucleus should be confined, with a little ventilation, for 
from twelve to twenty-four hours, and if the night is cool, should be covered 
or carried into a room, so that their brood may not become chilled. 

The nuclei should be placed promiscuously about the yard, so that when 
the queen makes her flignt, she may return safely to her home and not enter 
another, and in the mistake lose her life. The bees for the nucleus may be 
obtained from your own yard, in which case it will be necessary to confine 
them for at least three days, that' they may not return to their old habitation, 
when set at liberty. If it is desired to put the brood that you wish to have 
queens reared from, into the nucleus, at the time of putting the bees in, il can 
be done if done quickly, that it may not become chilled in the process ; or it 
can be put in at the time they are allowed to fly out. I prefer the plan advo- 
cated by Mr. Alley, that is, to introduce your best queens, or those you wish 
to rear from, directly into the nucleus, and change combs from them, when 
there are eggs deposited there, to others from which to rear queens. In all 
cases to raise large, strong, fertile queens, I think it best to introduce the 
brood into the nucleus before the eggs hatch ; as, in that case, the larva is fed 
upon the royal jelly from the time the egg hatches, until it is sealed over, 
and therefore would receive more than a grub that is well advanced. When 
the brood is given to the nucleus, the bees will often start several queen cells 
from it, and In from ten to fourteen days some of the cells will hatch. Just 
before they do, all the cells but one may be removed, and placed in other 
nuclei, or in hives that have been queenless for at least twelve hours. This 
is much safer than to allow them to hatch, and then attempt to introduce a 
virgin queen to a hive or nucleus, as they will rarely receive a queen until 
after impregnation takes place. 

During the months of June, July, and August, if the weather Is pleasant, 
the qeeen will Invariably come out to meet the drone on the filth day after 
leaving the cell, and in two or three days she will commence laying eggs. 
She should be removed from the nucleus after impregnation takes place, and 
before she commences to lay. if it is desired to rear another queen in the 
same nucleus. If she is allowed to commence laying before being removed, 
the bees will, after her removal, begin to construct queen cells from the eggs 
laid by her, in which case, it would be necessary to keep the nucleus queen- 
less for five days, or introduce a cell just ready to hatch within twelve hours 
after removing the queen. 

INTRODUCING THE QUEEN. 

The proper time for removing the black queen, is the middle of the day- 
great care being taken not to alarm the bees when the frames are removed. 
Smoke, or even sudden jaring, will cause the queen to seek the bottom of the 
hive, or some other place of refuge. Carefully raise off the top, without jar- 
ring the hive and alarming the bees, near you place an empty hive in which 
to put the frames as you take them out, examine carefully the combs in the 
centre or those first filled with brood ; and if the bees are not disturbed, they 
will be spread evenly over the surface, when the queen will bo easily recog- 
nized, and can be picked up with the fingers. If the bees become alarmed, 
the queen being the most shy and retiring, will seek to con<'eal herself by 
hiding in a mass of bees, in the comers of the hive, or anywhere, that she 
may be out of sight, when a close scrutiny will be needed to discover her. If 
you do not succeed in finding her, return the entire mass to the hive, and 
make the effort at some future day; or divide the swarm, putting one-half 
the contents in the empty hive, and, if possible, the greatest number of bees. 
Separate the combs in each putting in only half the number, or even less would 
be preferable. 

In a few minutes the bees will become quiet, and the queen will leave her 
hiding-place, her locality being readily detected by the quietness of the bees 
near her. and their restlessness on the other combs. The combs must now be 
returned to the hive in the position they occupied before being removed. 
When the bees are returned to the hive destitute of a queen, they will at once 
commence operations to remedy the defect, by converting some of the 
worker larvae into queens, which can only be done before the seventh day, as 
at about that time all the eggs left, have passed the stage when it will be pos- 
sible to change them thus. 

The combs must be again removed, and all royal cells that contain larvae 



644 



Bee-Keeping Departmejit. 




cut off, as the safety of tlie new queen depends greatly on their entire 
removal. Mr. L. A. Asplnwall gives a very simple and easy process; that of 
" immersing the queen in a little honey, slightly warmed, if necessary, and 
dropping her among the bees, they immediately commence licking her off, 
and forget that she Is a usurper. 

THE HIVE. 

Next in importance to the bees 
is the hive, and as the whole 
land teems with bee - hive 
sharks who are continually in- 
troducing their worthless wares 
on the ignorant and innocent 
bee-keeper; and I am compell- 
tosay that 99 per cent are en- 
tirely valueless as bee homes. 
I believe it is generally con- 
ceded by practical Apiarians 
that the Rev. L. L. Langstroth 
has accomplished more to ad- 
vance the science of apiculture 
in the introduction of the move- 
able comb frame than the com- 
bined ingenuity from the first 
introduction of hives to the 
present time. It has never 
been my good fortune to ob- 
tain a movable comb frame so 
cheap and simple, and at the 
same time so easily removed 
from the hive as the Langstroth 
frame, A good hive should 
possess the following points, 
viz.: 1st, cheapness; 2d, sim- 

SIMPLE MOVABLE COMB HIVE. 

plicity; 3d, durability ; 4th, as good for winter as summer; 5th, that the 
combs may be removed without injuring or irritating the bees ; 6th, that the 
bees may have free access to the surplus honey arrangement; 7th, that the 
surplus honey may be removed without injuring or irritating the bees, and 
be in a marketable condition; 8th, that the bees may be able to store every 
ounce of honey they can collect: 9th, completely ventilated that the bees may 
not suffocate, and thousands of ihem hang on the outside of the hive for air 
iuahotday; 10th, thatall the heat from the hive may enter the suiplus 
honey boxes or chamber, to enable the bees to elaborate wax and make comb; 
11th, that in case tlie bees are carrying in honey very rapidly, oneset of boxes 
may be raised and another set placed under them: 12th, that there be no 
place in the hive where t'he miller moth can conceal itself; 13th, that there 
be no space between the top of the combs and boitom of the honey boxes ex- 
cept a single quarter of an inch; 14th, that the bees may enter the surplus 
honey boxes from any part of the hive without creeping through a hole in the 
honey board; 15th, that all openings of the hive be guarded with a slide or 
button ; 16th, that the boxes be covered with a light cap to exclude the chilly 
jiir at night as well as the excessive heat of the noonday sun, with a ventila- 
tion at each end to be opened on hot days and allow a current of air to pass 
over the honey boxes, permitting the excessive heat of the hive to escape in 
summer, and in winter to carry off the moisture generated by the bees. 

THE APIARY. 

The next thing in importance is the location of the apiary. Select If 
possible a sheltered place, shaded somewhat by trees, with an eastern or 
southern aspect, where they can be easily seen or heard from tiie house dur- 
ing swarming season. As regards the distance between the stands, it should 
be as great as circumstances will admit— two feet being the nearest they 
should be placed. 

STANDS FOR HIVES 

Is a subject to which too much attention cannot be given. Placing them 
several feet above the ground makes an unnecessary labor for the bees re- 
turning Weary and heavy laden, with barely strens^th to reach the hive, they 
alight upon tlie ground, and if toward evening when cool and damp, often 
perish. Other have no projection from the entrance upon which to alight, but 
expect them to fly direct from, the field into thehive, without making a pause. 



"^ Bee-Keeping Department. 645 

PROCURING BEES TO STOCK AN APIARY. 

It is presumed that a beginner desires to obtain a quantity of bees for an 
apiary. He tias the location selectea ; lias obtained, wliaL appears to him, the 
best hive, and now it remains to procure occupants for those hives. He may 

gurchaseacolony that threw off a swarm the year before, as then he would 
e quite sure of getting a yoving queen ; wliere is, if the stock is of the current 
year, he would very probably have an old one, and in one or two years dis- 
cover, to his great surprise, that his swarm was gradually decreasing in num- 
bers, with a fair prospect of being utterly lost ; or, should tliere be a swarm 
thrown off accompanied by the old queen, as is usually the case, tne new one 
would in a short time dwindle down to a mere handful of bees. 

The best method in all cases, therefore, is to purchase the best stocks, 
those containing a large number of bees, a good supply of honey, and that 
these bees are sufflcieat to cover almost the entire comb. Before purchasing, 
be sure that there is no diseased brood occupying the cells, and that no 
swarms have been lost from this cause. If no disease prevails in the hives, 
then old stocks are not objectionable, as, if they swarmed the previous 
season, they have the young queens, who are more prolific than the old ones, 
who always accompany the first swarms ; and as long as they remain healthy 
are as piosperous as the young swarms. 

SWARMING. 

The swarming season in this latitude sometimes commences as early as 
the 15th of May, and at other times as late as th3 1st of July. It \;.uially 
commences about ten or twenty days after white clover comes into bloo.n. 
As a general rule, bees swarm for lack of room or want of thorough ventila- 
tion inside the hive. 

METHOD OP HIVING BEES. 

It makes out little difference how they are put into the hive, provided 
they are all made to enter. One essential thing is to have your hive in readi- 
ness. The hives should be stored in a cool place, as bees will enter a cool hive 
much quicker than one that has stood in the hot sun all day. Place upon 
the ground under the swarm cluster, the hive with a large piece of board 
just in front of it, upon which the bees can be poured. If they are to be 
hived in a box hive, one side should be raised one inch by placing under the 
front corner two sticks or blocks to hold it up from the bottom board. If in a 
moveable comb hive, raise the front, if on a movable bottom boai'd, 
if not, open the entrance as wide as possible. If the swarm has 
clustered on a small branch or limb, it may be cut off if not 
detrimental to the tree, and brought down, and the bees shaken off 
in front of the hive. A knowledge that a new home is found is at once 
apparent. If any large number linger around t he entrance, nearly closing it, 
you can expedite their progress by gently disturbing them with a small twig. 
If gentle means do not induce them to enter in a reasonable time and they 
seem obstinate, a little water sprinkled on them will facilitate operations. 
Too much water must not be used or they will become so wet that they will 
not move atall. If you do not wish to cut the limb they cluster on, they 
may be shaken into a basket. In this event it is well to sprinkle the cluster 
with a pailful of cold water, (ice water not objectionable) which will cause 
them to cluster closer, and hardly one will leave the basket. If you get nearly 
all the bees the first effort, shaking the limb will prevent the remainder from 
alighting, and will turn their attention to those who have found a home, and 
are loudly calling them to come. There are many other methods under dif- 
ferent cir mmstances, which our space does not permit us to explain, but 
Which will probably suggest themselves to the bee-keeper. 

ALL SHOULD BE MADE TO ENTER. 

It is of the utmost importance that all should be made to enter'the hive 
at once. A cluster outside may contain the queen inconsious of a home, and 
she might depart for the woods. Any small cluster around the hive should 
be brushed towards the entrance until they are all in. As soon as this is done 
it is highly important that they be set on the new stand for if the bees have 
been long on the tree they often send out scouts, and if the bees are left where 
they are hived often entice them to flee to tlie woods, otherwise they return 
to the limb, and being unable to find them return to the parent stock with 
the few scattering bees left after hiving. 

Shade is important, for if the bees do not like their home they will go 
away, and the heat works much mischief in various ways. The shade should 
not be too dense. 



646 Bee-Keeping Deparhnent 

LOSS OF QUEEN. 

Every bee-keeper should understand how to detect the loss of the Queen. 
The following morning after a lossof this kind has occurred, and occasionally 
in the evening the bees may be seen running to and fro In wild consterna- 
tion. Towards the middle of the day the confusion will be less marked, but 
the next morning will be again enacted and after the third or fourth day 
cease entirely, and apparently they become reconciled to their fate ; they 
continue their labors although they do not manifest the energy or agility 
seen in a prosperous colony. Some authors say that they will not gather 
pollen When queenless; but such indications are not always reliable. It is 
highly necessary that the bee-keeper should glance at every swarm in the 
morning for a few days after swarming, so that, if any such loss should occur 
at this time it maybe remedied at once by the introduction of a cell, or a 
fertile queen. In early spring, every swarm should be examined for her pres- 
ence. Inthe boxhive, a lictle smoke m.ay be blowni n, and the bees driven 
back ; If any brood can be discovered, it is a sure indication that she is there, 
and fertile. In the movable comb hive, it is only necessary to raise out one 
of the combs in the center of the cluster, and the condition will be recognized 
at once. If a few imperfect bees are found on the bottom board or in front of 
the entrance in early morning, it shows that the colony has a fertile queen, 
and further examination is unnecessary. 

WINTERING BEES. 

More boes are lost by wintering than by all other troubles combined. To 
winter them successfully each stock should contain a sufficient amount of 
honey, bee-bread, and bees. For out-door wintering each hive should con- 
tain from 30 to 35 lbs. of honey; in-door 5 to 10 lbs. less. Each hive should 
have an upward ventillation — it is absolutely necessary. 

ENEMIES OF BEES. 




There is no enemy so much dreaded as the moth miller. The moth miller 
represented in the annexed cut is not the one that commits the ravages ; it is 
the progeny, several hundred vile worms that feed upon the comb or wax. 
The best preventative against the miller is to keep the stock strong and they 
will not permit her to deposither eggs upon the comb. 

jliWIipffM The annexed cut gives a good representa- 

^iMiiMimkimKl^^m^^^^i- tion of the worm. 



DISEASES OF BEES. 

Bees are subject to but few diseases which deserve especial notice. There 
appear to be but two distinct types to which they are subjectin this country, 
viz. ; Dysentery and Foul Brood., the former of these generally makes its ap- 
pearance in the spring, and may be known by the bees discharging their ex- 
crements over the comb, the interior of the hive, and especially around the 
entrance; the color instead of being yellow is of a dark muddy appearance 
and has a sickening, offensive odor, which becomes intolerable, I have never 
had a case where I gave upward ventillation to the hives; the cause may be 
ascribed to the moisture in the hive condensing, and mixing with the honey 
in the cells. Colonies affected by dysentery are usually lost unless warm 
weather timely intervenes or they are removed to a warm room so that th»^ 
water in the honey may be evaporated, which will generally terminate the 
trouble. 



Bee- Keeping Department, 647 

DISEASED OR FOUL BROOD. 

In the destruction of the nymph or pupa from some derangement wliich 
causes it to undergo decomposition in tiie cell, arises a disease Icnown a3 
Foul Brood. Some say it is caused by the brood being chilled in the cell; 
othiTs, tliat it is caused by the fermentation or bee-bread and lioney. Mr. 
Kood, of Wayne, Mich., recommends that it be summarily dealt with and the 
way to exterminate it entirely is to bury it, hive, bees and all, beyond any 
possibility of resurrection. Icannotsee why, by Mr. Quimby's method, in 
the hands of a skilful operator, it could not be treated without the liability 
of spreading and save the bees, honey, wax and hive; the method after Mr. 
Q,uiraby"s plan is driving out all the bees and putting them into new hives 
without any comb. If you wish to put them into hives with comb they 
should be kept in a box three or four days and fed just enougn to keep them 
alive, until they have consumed all the honey they took from the old hive. The 
old hive must be secured from robber bees, as any of the honey being carried i n- 
to other stocks wouldprove their destruction as this disease is as contagious as 
measels or small-pox; thehoney may be purified by adding a little water, 
boiling it for a few minutes and removing the scum. Thi comb musi, be 
either melted or buried to be beyond the reach of bees; the hives may be 
renovated by using a powerful disinfectant, but I prefer to burn tliem. If a 
colony is affected in the fall, too late to build comb, and no comb on hand to 
put them in, the best disposition is to consign them to the brimstone pit, 
rather than to attempt to feed them through the winter to lose them in the 
spring. 

, FEEDING BEES. 

Pew things in bee-keeping are more imp:)rtant, and require a more thor- 
ough knowledge, than the feeding of bees. In attempting to winter too small 
colonies, thousands often perish, in winter and early spring. Colonies in the 
common box hive containing few combs and but little honey, should be fed 
In the latter part of September, or in October, a sufficient amount to carry 
them safely through the winter. If feeding is neglected until winter, it may 
then be done by placing the hive in a cellar or moderately warm room. 

In the spring the prudent bee-keeper will no more neglect to feed his des- 
titute colonies than to provide for his own table. There is one point certain 
in bee-keeping: that if a colony is stimulated carefully in tae spring, they 
and their first swarm will have honey sufficient in the fall ta winter them 
through, unless a very unfavorable season occurs. 

WATER NECESSARY. 

Water is indispensable to bees when building comb or raising brood. 
Every prudent, bee-keeper will see that his bees are supplied with water, by 
placing shallow wooden troughs filled with straws or floats, that they may 
drink without danger of drowning, A location near small bodies of water 
Will be sufficient for a supply, but locations near large bodies are iujurious. 

ROBBING AMONG BEES. 

It is instinctive in the nature of bees for one colony to rob another as 
soon as they can leave their hives in the spring. The stronger begins to as- 
sail the weaker. If these marauders who are prowling about in search of 
fdunder attack a strong colony, they are usually glad to escape with their 
Ives from its resolute defenders. The bee-keeper who neglects to feed his 
needy colonies, and to as^^ist such as are weak or queenless, must expect to 
suffer heavy losses from robber bees. They are never inclined to rob when 
there is plenty of honey in the field. They would obtain their living honestly 
wiien they can, forcibly when they must. When an entrance has been made 
into a poorly garrisoned hive, and the condition ascertained, the robbers re- 
turn to their homes and present themselves again with additional numbers. 
The weak colony, seeing their helpless condition, immediately join the mar- 
auders and assis't in carrying their own stores to the robbers' hive, and them- 
selves become a portion of its inmates. This is always the case with those 
who survive after being overpowered. 

A very good method to determine when a swarm is being robbed, is to 
catch a bee that is coming out. If he looks plumper than those entering, if 
you pull the head and thorax from the body, the honey sack will appear either 
full or empty; if full, it is proof that the hive is being robbed, and means 
should at once be instituted to prevent it. A few small pieces of camphor 
gum thrown into the entrance, will often prevent the robbers from trying to 
get in, but when not effectual, close the opening by laying a little block in 
front, so that but one or two bees can pass at a time. This will give them a 
better opportunity to defend themselves. If this is not sufficient, at night or 
early in the morning remove the hive to a cool, dark cellar, and ventilated so 
that the bees will not suffocate, for two or three days, when it may be returned 



648 Bee-Keeping Department. 

to the stand. "When robbing has commenced, the entrance to all the hives 
should be contracted somewhat, an d every means avoided which will tend to 
incite robbery, such as setting dish es of honey or other sweets where the bees 
can get at it; for when once they get a taste of it, they are hard to control 
thereafter. 

TRANSFERRING. 

Transferring is changing a colony of bees, and all the contents of a hive, 
from one to another. It should be done in the spring or summer, to be suc- 
cessful. Transferring may be done at any time of the daj", if pleasant. The 
best place to make the transfer is in some shaded locality or clean building. 
It will be necessary to have a few things in readiness, such as a box the size 
of the hive and a foot deep, for a driving box; an axe, a saw, a large knife, 
some goose quills, some twine, a dish of water to wash the honey fiom your 
hands, and a few dishes to put the honey and pieces of comb in; also some 
kind of bench should be arranged to lay the comb on. 

The swarm to be treated should have tobacco smoke blown in among 
them to drive the bees among the comb, and also to subdue them. The hives 
should be removed to the place of transfer, placing another as near like it as 
possible on the old stand, that the returning bees may not join other hives 
and be killed. Invert the hive, and place over it the driving box. Wrap a 
piece of cloth around where the two join, to prevent escape. Get two round 
sticks fifteen inches long and one inch in diameter, and commence beating 
the hive a few minutes, then stop about five minutes, to allow the bees to fill 
themselves with honey, then beat again for ten minutes, by which time nearly 
all will have left and clustered in the box. The sheet or cloth is then taken 
otr. spread upon the ground, and the driving box placed upon it, the same 
side up as i)efore, and a small stick placed under one side, to allow the air to 
enter. Loosen the comb from two sides of the hive, and with an axe split the 
sides off, 1 hat the comb may be taken out whole. Lay the comb upon the 
table, and place over it the frame. Cut the comb a trifle larger than the 
frame, so it will fit closely, having it the same side up in the new hive that it 
was in the old. After the comb is fitted in. it may be secured in its place by 
tying around the frame a piece of cotton twine. The bees will fasten it with 
wax in a day or two. Now hang the frame in the new hive. Do in the same 
manner until all ^ood worker comb is secured, leaving out all drone comb. 
Now put in the bees, the same as hivmg a natural swarm. Place upon the 
old stand, with the entrance contracted, and the ventilator left open during 
the heat of the day. In about two days the bees will have the comb fastened, 
when the strings can be cut and drawn out, and the boxes put on. 

CONCLUSION. 

In conclusion, I would urge all who keep bees, or are about to do so, to 
study the subject well. To the beginner I would say, give heed to two max- 
ims: See your bees often, and have a knowledge at all times of tneir condition. 
Second: Keep your stocks strong. To the reader I would say, if you have a nat- 
ural taste for the business, study the subject thoroughly, and engage in bee- 
keeping. It atfoids a generous return, strengthens our better nature, and 
leads us to admire the wisdom and goodness of Him. who created all things. 



I 



^ 



LiDn/-\n I v„^ 



}F CONGRESS 




